SMITHSONIAN  MISCELLANEOUS  COLLECTIONS. 

_    252    


THE 


M  0  L  L  U  S  K  S 


OF 


WESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 

EMBKACIXO  THE  SKCOXD  R1!PORT  MADE  TO  THE  BRITISH  ASSOCIATION 

ON   THIS   SUBJECT,  WITH    OTHER    PAPERS  ;    REPRINTED   BY 

PERMISSION,  WITH  A  GENERAL  INDEX. 


WASHINGTON: 
SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION 

DECEMBER,  1872. 


i)^';  o3i 


'^       LIBRARY 

NATIONAL  ..iUSEU; 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The  opportunity  afforded  by  Mr.  Carpenter's  visit  in  1859-60 
to  the  United  States,  was  embraced  to  secure  his  services  in 
naming  and  arranging  the  shells  collected  by  the  United  States 
Exploring  Expedition  and  other  parties  on  the  Pacific  Coast  of 
North  America.  Mr.  Carpenter,  having  previoyisly  presented  to 
the  British  Association  a  report  on  the  state  of  knowledge  in 
regard  to  the  mollusks  of  the  west  coast  of  North  America, 
embodied  the  additional  information  which  he  obtained,  chiefly 
through  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  in  a  second  report  to  the 
same  Association  ;  and  now,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  study  of 
this  class  of  animals  by  the  American  student,  this  work  is  re- 
published with  supplementary  papers,  from  stereotype  copies  of 
the  original  pages. 

JOSEPH  HENRY, 

Secretary  S.  I. 
Smithsonian  Institution, 
Washixgton,  November,  1S72. 


phuabelphia: 
ootLina,  PBiHTim. 


TABLE  OF  CO^s'TENTS. 


rAGK 

Advertisement  ...•••' 

Introduction     .•••***' 


List  of  papers  kepkisted  in  this  volume         .  .  .  ■ 

u  "       hot  eepkisted  is  this  vol0me  .  *  •  .       »1 

-       13 
Alphabetical  index  of  species  .  .  •  • 


(iii) 


INTRODUCTION. 


After  the  publication  of  my  first  "Report  on  the  present  state 
of  our  knowledge  with  regard  to  the  Mollutsca  of  the  West  Coast 
of  North  America,"  undertaken  at  the  request  of  the  Britii^h 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  printed  in  their 
Report  for  185C,  I  visited  America  iu  order  to  arrange  tiie  lirst 
duplicate  series  of  the  great  Reigea  Collection  of  Mazatlan  Shells 
which  I  had  presented  to  the  New  York  State  Museum  at 
Albany.  It  was  one  of  the  special  objects  of  my  visit  to  ex- 
amine the  types  of  previously  described  species  in  the  United 
States,  that  I  might  compare  them  with  those  known  iu  England. 
Having  visited  Washington  to  examine  the  types  of  the  United 
States  Exploring  Expedition  (Wilkes'),  I  was  requested  to  spend 
the  winter  of  1859-00  in  unpacking  and  arranging  the  shells 
belonging  to  the  National  Museum  under  its  charge;  and  after 
my  return  to  England  I  received  from  time  to  time  the  various 
collections  sent  to  the  Institution  from  the  West  Coast  as  they 
arrived ;  all  of  these  were  duly  compared  with  the  types  in  the 
Cumiiigian  and  other  British  collections. 

Being  thus  in  a  position  to  correct  a  large  number  of  unavoid- 
able errors  in  my  first  Report,  and  to  add  a  great  deal  of  fresh 
information  from  American  sources  (chiefly  obtained  through  the 
Smithsonian  Institution),  I  was  requested  by  the  British  Asso- 
ciation to  embody  the  material  in  a  "Supplementary  Report"  on 
the  same  subject  as  the  first.  Knowing  how  difficult  it  is  for 
American  students  to  obtain  access  to  serial  publications,  I  ob- 
tained permission,  in  behalf  of  the  Institution,  to  stereotype  this 
second  report,  and  the  papers  connected  with  it,  which  appeared 
in  the  "Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society,"  the  "Annais  and 
Magazine  of  Natural  History,"  and   the  "Journal  de  Conchy- 


liologie. ' 


(V) 


yi  INTRODUCTION. 

Tilt'  jircsciil  volume  consists,  therefore,  of  a  reprint  from  these 
stereotype  plates,  with  the  original  pjiging  at  the  top,  and  the 
Smithsonian  paging  at  the  bottom  ;  and  of  a  general  index  of 
species. 

The  index  was  prepared  (at  the  expense  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution)  by  Mr.  E.  Taylor,  Student  at  McGill  College.  It 
includes  not  only  the  present  volume  but  all  my  previous  English 
publications  on  the  subject,  of  which  the  principal  are  the  First 
British  Association  Report  and  the  British  Museum  Mazatlau 
Catalogue.  All  references  to  these  works  )wf  repi'inted  have 
the  page-number  prefixed  by  a  Roman  Capital  (O  to  X),  by 
which  they  can  be  at  once  distinguished  from  the  simple  num- 
bers which  refer  to  the  foot-page  in  this  volume.  Students  who 
want  an  index  to  the  First  Report  will  fix  the  eye  on  the  initial 
O;  to  the  Mazatlan  Catalogue  on  1*. 

In  an  accompanying  list  will  be  found  an  enumeration  of  all 
my  papers  published  in  European  journals  relative  to  American 
conchology,  and  for  the  most  part  reprinted  in  the  present  col- 
lection. In  this,  however,  is  not  included  any  of  the  contribu- 
tions to  American  serials,  as  the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  the  Proceedings  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Academy,  or  the  American  Journal  of  Conchology. 

My  principal  object  in  the  preparation  of  these  works  has  been 
to  make  out  and  compare  the  writings  of  previous  naturalists,  so 
that  it  might  be  possible  for  succeeding  students  to  begin  where 
I  left  oft",  without  being  obliged  to  waste  so  large  an  amount  of 
time  as  I  have  been  compelled  to  do  in  analyzing  the  (often  inac- 
curate) work  of  their  predecessors. 

As  the  work  of  previous  writers,  whether  satisfactory  or  other- 
wise, is  duly  tabulated  in  my  Reports,  so  that  others  may  judge 
of  its  value  as  well  as  I,  it  is  not  fair  (as  is  often  done)  to  quote 
from  these  Reports  as  on  my  authority.  I  was  simply  the  his- 
torian, not  the  original  writer.  In  the  First  Report  I  was  a 
novice  in  the  scientific  world,  and  rarely  ventured  on  criticisms ; 
in  the  second,  I  allowed  myself  with  more  confidence  to  state 
my  own  conclusions,  because  I  found  that  others  had  not  enjoyed 
the  remarkable  facilities  of  comparing  types  which  fell  to  my  lot, 
and  which  (in  many  instances)  cannot  be  renewed.  Since  that 
time,  Nuttall,  Gould,  Rich,  Judge  Cooper,  and  especially  ITugh 
Cuming,  have  been  called  to  another  world  ;    their  collections 


INTRODUCTION.  VH 

have  changed  haiuls,  and  fresh  causes  of  error  have  crept  in.  The 
present  condition  of  the  Cumingian  Collection  has  been  faithfully 
described  by  Dr.  Gray  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  So- 
ciety; and  those  who  will  take  the  tnnible  to  compare  his  review 
of  the  Calypfrxidae,  after  the  destruction  of  original  labels  conse- 
quent on  Reeve's  Monograph,  with  that  which  I  gave  in  the 
Mazatlan  Catalogue,  while  these  labels  were  still  fixed  to  the 
shells,  will  appreciate  the  advantages  which  I  formerly  enjoyed. 

Readers  who  may  discove;  any  uncorrected  errors  in  this 
volume,  or  in  any  of  my  other  works,  are  urgently  requested 
to  apprise  rae  of  them  (Box  193^  P.  0.,  Montreal,  C.  E.),  in 
order  that  they  may  be  corrected  in  the  Report  of  the  Mollusca 
which  Prof.  Whitney  has  requested  me  to  prepare  for  the  Cali- 
fornia Geological  Survey. 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER. 

Montreal,  July  17,  1S72. 


LIST  OF  PAPERS 

ox 

AMERICAN    MOLLUSC  A 

PUBLI8UED    IN    EUliOPEAN     WOUK8    BY 

P.  P.  CARPENTER. 


REPRINTED. 

A. 

Supplementary  Report  on  the  Present  Ptate  of  onr  Knowledge 
with  Regard  to  the  Mollusca  of  the  West  Coast  of  Xorth 
America.     Page  L' 

From  the  Report  of  the  Britisli  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  for  18G3,  pp.  517— C8G.  Published  in  August,  1864. 
Extra  copies,  with  title-page,  dated  1864. 

B. 

Review  of  Prof.  C  B.  Adams'  "Catalogue  of  the  Shells  of  Pan- 
ama," from  the  Type  Specimens.     Page  173. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  June  23, 
1863,  pp.  339—369. 

c. 

Diagnoses  of  New  Forms  of  Mollusks  collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas, 
Lower  California.     By  Mr.  J.  Xantus.     Page  207. 

From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series, 
Vol.  XIII.,  pp.  311—315,  April,  1864.  Ibid.  (Nos.  15— 36)  pp. 
474—479,  June,  1864.  Ibid.  Vol.  XIV.  (Nos.  37—52),  pp.  45— 
49,  July,  1864. 

D. 

Contributions  towards  a  Monograph  of  the  Pandoridae.    Page  223. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  596 — 
603,  November  22,  1864. 


'  The  references  are  to  the  bottom  paging. 

(ix) 


X  LIST   OF    PAPERS. 

E. 

Diagnoses  of  New  Forms  of  Mollusca  from  the  Vancouver  Dis- 
trict.    Page  233. 

From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series, 
Vol.  XIV.  (Xos.  5—37),  pp.  423—4-29,  December,  18tJ4.  Ibid. 
"Vol.  XV.  (Nos.  37— 5t)),  pp.  28—32,  January,  1SG5. 

F. 

Diagnoses  of  Xew  Forms  of  Mollusca  from  the  Vancouver  Dis- 
trict.    Page  247- 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  201 — 
204,  February  14,  18G5. 

G 

Diagnoses  of  Xew  Species  and  a  Xew  Genus  of  Mollusks,  from 
the  lleigen  Mazatlan  Collection  ;  witli  an  Account  of  Addi- 
tional Specimens  presented  to  the  British  Museum.     Page  253. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoiilogical  Society  of  Loudon,  pp. 
265-273,  March  14,  18G5. 

H. 

Descriptions  of  Xew  Species  and  Varieties  of  Chitonidte  and 
Acmyeidse,  from  ihe  Panama  Collection  of  the  late  Prof.  C.  B. 
Adams.     Page  203. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp. 
274—277,  March  14,  1865 

I. 

Diagnoses  of  Xew  Species  of  Mollusks,  from  the  West  Tropical 
Region  of  Xorth  America,  principally  collected  by  the  Kev.  J. 
Rowell,  of  San  Francisco.     Page  2G9 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp. 
278—282,  March  14,  18U5. 

K. 

Diagnoses  of  Xew  Forms  of  Mollusca,  from  the  West  coast  of 
Xorth  America,  first  collected  by  Col.  E.  Jewett.     Page  277. 

From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  T^ird  Series, 
Vol.  XV.,  pp.  177—182  (Nos.  373— 38«),  March,  1865.  Ibid, 
pp.  394 — 399  {Mangelia  variegata  to  end).  May,  1865. 


LIST    OF   PAPERS.  XI 

L. 

Diagnoses  of  New  Forms  of  Mollnsca,  collected  by  Col.  E.  Jewett, 
on  the  West  Tropical  shores  of  North  America.     Page  291. 

From  the  Annals  <anil  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series 
Vol.  XV.,  pp.  399—400,  May,  1865. 

M. 

Diagnoses  des  Mollnsques  nonveaux  provenant  de  Californie  et 

faisant  partie  du  Muste  de  I'Institutioa  Smithsouienne.     Page 

297. 

From  the  Journal  de  Conchyliologie,  Vol.  XII.  (Third  Series,  Vol. 
V.)  pp.  129—149,  April,  18G5. 

N. 

On  the  Pleistocene  Fossils  collected  by  Col.  E.  Jewett,  at  Santa 
Barbara,  California ;  with  Descriptions  of  New  Species.  Page 
319. 

From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Third  Series, 
Vol.  XVII.,  pp.  274—278,  April,  18GG. 

NOT  REPRINTED. 

o. 

Report  on  the  Present  State  of  our  Knowledge  with  Regard  to 
the  Mollnsca  of  the  West  Coast  of  North  America. 

From  the  Report  of  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  o'l 
Science,  for  1850,  pp.  ir)9— 308.  Published  in  1S57.  Extra  copies 
with  title-page,  list  of  plates  with  references  to  figures  (4pages)i 
dated  1857.  Not  reprinted,  but  referred  to  under  "0"  in  the 
general  index. 

P. 

Catalogue  of  the  Reigen  Collection  of  Mazatlan  Mollusca  iu  the 
British  Museum. 

Each  sheet  dated:  July,  1855— June,  1857.  The  Bryozoa,  by  G. 
Busk,  Esq.  Printed*by  order  of  the  Trustees  at  the  Oberlin 
Press,  Warrington.  552  pp.  First  Edition,  with  Preface  as 
arranged  by  Dr.  J.  E.  Gray,  on  sale  at  the  British  Museum,  price 
8».  Second  Edition,  with  Author's  Preface,  accompanying  dupli- 
cate collections  of  the  shells,  published  simultaneously. 


Xll  LIST   OF    PAPERS. 

NOT  REPRINTED  {continued). 

Q. 

Descriptions  of  (supposed)  New  Species  and  A^arieties  of  Shells, 
from  the  Californiun  and  West  Mexicau  Coasts,  priucipallj  ia 
the  Collection  of  H.  Ciiminjr,  Esq. 

Proceedings  Zoological  Society,  Part  xxiii,  1855,  pp.  228 — 235. 

K. 

Notes    ou   the    Species   of  Hipponyx  inhabiting   the   Americaa 
Coasts,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Species. 
Ditto,  Part  xxiv,  185(3,  pp.  3—5. 

s. 

Description   of    New    Species  of    Shells    collected   by   Mr.    T. 
Bridges  in  the  Bay  of  Panama  and  its  vicinity,  in  the  Collec- 
tion of  Hugh  Cuming,  Esq. 
Ditto,  pp.  150 — 1G(3. 

T. 

Description  of  New  Species  and  Varieties  of  CalyptrceideB,  Tro- 
chidce  and  PyramicleUidiE,  principally  in  the  Collection  of  Hugh 
Cuming,  Esq.     [From  American  aud  other  seas.] 
Ditto,  pp.  1G6 — 171. 

u. 

Descriptions  of  Shells  from  the  Gulf  of  California,  and  the  Pa- 
ciGc   Coasts  of  Mexico  and  California.     Part  II.     By  A.  A. 
Gould,  M.D.,  and  Philip  P.  Carpenter. 
Ditto,  pp.  198—208. 

V. 

Monograph  of  the  Shells  collected  by  T.  Nuttall,  Esq.,  on  the 
Californian  Coast,  in  the  years  1834-5. 
Ditto,  pp.  209—229. 

AV. 

First  Steps  towards  a  Monograph  of  the  Recent  Species  of  Petalo- 
conchus,  a  genus  of   VernietidcB. 

Ditto,  pp.  313—317.     (With  wood-cuts.) 

X. 

First  Steps  towards  a  Monog-'aph  of  the  Ccecidce,  a  Family  of  the 
Rostriferous  Gasteropoda."     [Chiefly  from  the  American  seas.] 
Ditto,  Part  xxvi,  1S58,  pp.  413 — 444. 


A. 


SUPPLEMENTARY   REPORT 


OS  THE 


PRESENT  STATE  OF  OUR  KNOWLEDGE 


WITH  REGABD  TO 


THE  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


BY 

PHILIP  p.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 


FroDi  the  Report  of  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
for  1863,  pp.  517—686.  Published  in  August,  1864.  Extra  copies,  with 
title-page,  dated  186-1. 


(1) 


Supplementary  Report  on  the  Present  State  of  our  Knowledge  mth 
regard  to  the  MoUusca  of  the  West  Coast  of  North  Amei'ica.  By 
Philip  P.  Carpenter,  B.A.,  Ph.D.* 

The  object  of  the  present  Report  is  (1)  to  correct  the  errors  which  have  been 
observed  in  the  first  Report  (-'Report  &c."  1856,  pp.  159-368);  and  (2)  to 
point  out  the  fresh  sources  of  information  which  have  been  rendered  avail- 
able since  that  period.  For  convenience  of  comparison,  the  paragraph  num- 
bers refer  to  those  of  '.he  first  Report  in  the  corrections,  and  are  continued 
from  them  in  the  addenda.  In  the  bibliographical  portion,  the  criticisms  by 
the  writer  of  this  Report  are  inserted  in  [  ]  ;  a  di'^tinctioi:  not  always  attended 
to  in  the  former  volume,  in  consequence  of  which  erroneous  names  and  local- 
ities have  been  attributed  to  the  reviewer,  instead  of  to  the  au*^hors  quoted. 

22.  Introduction. — (Line  4  from  bottom.)  The  river  Willamette  flows 
northwards  (Gld.). 

23.  Early  Writers. — The  only  Californian  shell  described  by  Linnaeus  is 
Turbo  san(/uineus,=  T.  coccineus,  Desh. ;  v.  Hani.  Ips.  Linn.  Conch,  p.  334. 
The  types  are  too  much  worn  to  decide  whether  they  came  from  the  North 
Pacific  or  (as  is  more  probable)  from  the  Mediterranean.  In  Gmelin's  edition 
of  Linnaeus,  Lipsi3e,  1788-1790, — which  is,  in  great  measure,  a  translation 
from  a  German  work  published  a  few  years  in  advancj  [teste  Hanley]. — the 
following  species  are  assigned  to  the  "  West  Coast  of  America,"  probably  on 
the  authority  of  Martyn  : — page  3529,  Murex  foliatus  :  3702,  Patella  pecten  : 
3712,  Patella  calyptra.     The  last  two  seem  exotic. 

Many  West-coast  species  had  found  their  way  into  English  collections 
during  the  last  century,  at  a  much  earlier  date  than  was  expected  at  the  time 
of  the  first  Report.  They  were  mainly  derived  from  the  voyages  of  Capt. 
Cook  and  other  circumnavigators.  Capt.  Cook  was  accompanied  by  Solander, 
as  naturalist,  at  the  instance  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks.  His  shells  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Humphrey,  the  dealer,  at  whose  death  the  remainder,  a 
thousand  boxes,  became  the  property  of  the  elder  Sowerby,  and  (in  part)  of 
Mawe  [teste  Hanley].  They  took  their  chance  of  being  figured  or  described 
by  the  early  conchologists.  The  localities  are  (as  might  be  expected)  often 
interchanged,  but  have  been  quoted  by  later  authors,  who  have  not  thought 
fit  to  avail  themselves  of  more  correct  sources  of  information. 

The  first  accurate  delineations  are  by  Thomas  Martyn,  in  his  '  Universal 
Conchologist  London,  1784.  Those  who  only  know  this  book  from  Chenu's 
reprint,  Paris,  1845,  can  form  but  a  poor  idea  of  the  exquisite  beauty  of  the 
original  work.  Of  this,  very  few  copies  are  accessible ;  but  it  may  be  consulted 
at  the  British  Museum,  the  Royal  Society,  and  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons. 

No.    Plate.   Fig. 

16  5  3.  Pa<e77a<ramoserjVnr,  Mart.  N.W.C.  America,  very  rare.  [N.Zealand.] 
18  6  1.  Patella  adyptra,  Mart.  N.W.  Coast  of  America,  very  rare.  [Not 
identified :  resembles  Crep.  adunca.  without  deck.  Hani,  con- 
siders it  a  IIippo7iyx,  like  avstrnlis.] 
31  8  4.  Trochus  inaqunlis,  Mart.  Friendly  Isles,  common.  [Does  not 
closely  resemble  the  Japan  and  Vancouver  species,=iiic/i^ponia 
gihhei'osum,  Cliemn,] 

Trochus  canaliculatus.  Mart.    N.  Zealand,  rare. 
Trochus  annulatus.  Mart.     N.  Zealand,  very  rare. 
Trochns  costatuSy'MsLrt.   St.  George's  Sound,  rare.    [=  Call  lost  oma 
filosmn,  castaneum,  ligatum,  and  modestum.^ 
*  In  consequence  of  the  expected  arrival  of  fresh   niaterialfi,  this  report  has  been 
corrected  and  continued  up  to  the  period  of  going  to  press. 
Warrington  Free  Museuvi  and  Library,  Aug.  1st,  18(H. 

3 


32 

10 

1. 

33 

10 

2. 

34 

10 

3, 

Ko. 

43 

PiatP. 

l:!,14 

1^ 

44 

13 

2. 

46 

15 

1. 

47 

15 

2, 

62 

20 

2. 

60 
76 
80 

24 
26 

28 

1. 
4. 
2. 

518  REPORT— 1863. 


JBiirct'nutn  lirafmn,  Mart.     St.  George's  Po»nd,  most  rare.  [  =  ^.  <^e- 

Cfntcusfatiit  (Say),  Midd.,  =3Ii<IdimlorJfii,  Cooper.] 
Huccinum  plicatum,  Mart,  [nou  Linn.]     !St.  ( itoig'e's Sound,  common. 

'^=crispa(um,  -i-coiupositutn,  Chemn.,  =l(ictuca,  &.C.,  Esch.j 
Bucchmm  limn,  Mart.    St.  Georp-e's  Sound,  rare.    [Probably  /'.  dtci'm- 

costata,  Midd. ;  the  variety  with  numerous  ribs  and  ilattened  spire.] 
Huccinum  saturu/n,  Mart.    St.  George's  Sound,  most  rare.     [Like 

Chr.  lii'atug,  with  keels  evanes<-ent.] 
TIaliotis  pulcherrima,  Mart.    St.  George's  Sound,  most  rare.    [Pacific 

Is.] 
Purpura  fohata,  ISlart.     North-west  Coast  of  N.  America,  rare. 
Trochus  pulliffo,  Mart.     St.  George's  Sound,  common. 
Pectunculus  corbis,  Mart.    Pulo-Condore,  most  rare.  [  =  Curdium  Xut- 

tallii,  Conr.,  teste  Desh.  Cum.  The  figure  is  not  so  accurate  as  most 

of  the  others;  but  the  colouring  is  chai'act  eristic] 
153    53      1.  Pecten  rttbidus,  Mart,  [uon  lids.]    Newfoundland,  rare.    [_  =  P-  Islari' 

dicus,  Miill.] 

Many  of  the  figures  of  Martyn  were  reproduced  by  Chemnitz,  in  his  com- 
prehensive continuation  of  Martini's  '  Conchylien  Cabinet,'  17S0-17!'5.  Un- 
happily, though  often  quoted  for  generic  and  specific  names,  he  did  not  adopt 
the  binomial  nomenclature  (except  in  vol.  xi.),  but  described  each  shell  in 
two  or  more  words,  as  it  happened.  For  this  reason  he  appears  to  have  had 
no  scruple  in  altering  previous  designations,  as  follows : — 

Fig. 

1538,  1539.  Murex  Pur/mra  a/afa,  "IVIart.  Conch.  Un.  vol.  ii.  f.  66,  Leaved  Purpura 

foliata  from  N.W.  coast  of  America." 
1634      .,      Murex  Glomus  cereu%  "e"   Cereus  conglomeratus,  "^lart.  vol.  ii.  f  43, 

Ridged  Huccinum  liratum  from  King  George's  Sound." 
Vign.  21,  f.  A,  B.  Buccitntm  comp<mtum,  "  Mart.  I'u.  Conch,  vol.  ii.  f  44 ;  Plaited 

Huccinum  from  King  George'.s  Sound." 
Vign.  23,  f.  A,  B.   Trochus  gihberosus  Novte  Zclandiee.   "Forster's  Cat.  no.  l-'574;  La 

Raboteuse  de  la  nouvelle  Zelande. — Mart.  Un.  Conch,  vol.  i.  i.  31 ; 

Rugged  Trochus  inteipailis  from  Friendly  Is."' 
1579,  1580.   Trochus  doliarius,  "  Mart.  vol.  i.  f.  32,  Fluted  J'rochtts  camdiculatm  from 

N.  Zealand." 
1581,  1582.   Trochus  viryincus,  "Favanne,  Conch,  pi.  79.  f  1.  vol.  ii.  p.  342 ;  id.  Cat. 

Rais.  no.  13r)2,  p.  269;  Le  Sabot  Magellanique.^ — Mart.  Un.  Conch. 

vol.  i.  f.  33;  Ringed  Trochus  anmdatus  from  N.  Zealand. — Cab.  Mus. 

Portl.  no.  1240;  the  Purpled-edged  Trochus;  item,  no.  1970,  a  large 

and  tine  specimen  of  the  Purple-edged  I'rochus  from  the  N.A\'.  roust 

of  America;  rare."    [=7".  c<e/a/MJ),  Aar.  j3.  Guiel.,  teste  Dill w.  vol.  ii. 

p.  800.] 
1802,1803.  Biwcinum  crispatum.     "The  furbelowed  "Whelk."     [=i?.  2>licutuin, 

Mart.,  non  Ln.] 
1841, 1842,  Murex  amplustre.     N.W.  coast  of  America.     [This  erroneous  locality 

is  copied  from  tlie  Portland  Cat..     The  species  is  quoted  from  Ihic- 

cinum  (Latirus)  aplustre,  Mart.,  no.  3.  pi.  1.  f.  3,  where  it  is  rightly 

assigned  to  the  Friendly  Is.  =M.  argu^,  var.  y.  Gmel.,  teste  jjilhv. 

vol.  ii.  p.  735.] 

The  assignment  of  West  American  species  to  New  Zealand,  begun  by 
Martyn,  has  continued  a  source  of  error  to  the  present  time.  It  occurs  in 
l)r.  Gould's  '  Exploring  Expedition  MoUusca,'  in  tlie  Cumingian  Collection, 
and  in  the  British  Museum. 

In  the  'Travels  in  New  Zealand,'  by  Ernest  DiefFenbach,  M.D.,  London, 
1843,  vol,  i.  pp.  228-264,  is  given  a  "  Catalogue  of  the  Species  of  Molliis(  a 
and  their  Shells,  wliieh  have  bitliorto  been  roeorded  as  fi-imd  at  New  Zealand. " 
&c.,  by  J.  E.  Gray.     Tke  auclior  premises  that  some  ot  the  s^ccea  [_murLud  *j 

4 


OV  MOTJ.T-srA  OF  THE  vrvST  COVST  OF  VOntn  AMKRICA.  5l9 

n^«ij:ncd  by  the  older  writer**  may  be  found  erroncouslj"  placed.  The  foUow- 
ing  are  probably  from  the  West  coast  of  Xorth  America,  with  the  synouymj 
as  imdcrstood  by  Dr.  Gray : — 

V's:         Xo. 

-22.}  8.  Mnrex  fnlintm,  Gmel.  ^.",29.  =  .If.  purpura  alata,  Chomn.  x.  pi.  IHO.  f.  l.-).^8- 
9:  Wood's  Cat.  f.  1:3.  Purpura  foUatn.  .Mart.  U.  C.  ii.  i-A\.—  IIah.  X. 
Zealand,  Iluiiinhrci/s.  Kinp: Geoi-jrt'S  Sotind,  Marhjn.  \"  =  M.  tripferus, 
Kien. :  non  M  triptcrus,  Born  et  nuct.  =frialtifui,  Kieu."  te.«ti?  II.-uil.] 

229  9.  MurcT  lyratus,  G  iiel.  .'}o31.  =  .V/.  (/hunus  ccreuA,  Chein.  x.  pi.  iCi'.l.  f.  I(>.i4. 
— Bucciman  lyratum,  Martyn,  U.  C.  ii.  f.  4:3. — Ilab.  N.  Zjalaud,  King 
George's  Bay,  Martyn. 

233  43.  Purpura  lamiUosa.  =  liuccinum  L,  Gmd.,  Wood".«  C:it.  f.  00.  —  7?w.  pU- 
cafum.  Mart\Ti,  U.  C.  ii.  f.  41.  =  J5w.  compoMtum.  Chemn.  x.  17!t,  vijni. 
21.  f.  A,  Y>.  =  Buc.  crtspatum,  Chemn.  xi.  84,  pi.  187.  f.  Is02  :'..  Murex 
cr.,  Lam.  174. — Hab.  N.  Zealand,  King  Georges  Sonnd,  Chemn.,  Mar- 
tyn.   Coa^t  of  Columbia. 

237  *71.  Ziziphinus  canaliculatm.  Trochus  c,  Martvn,  U.  C.  pi.  .32,  =  Tr.  cloliarius, 
Chemn.  x.  f.  1579-80 ;  Wood's  Cat.  f.  Qii.—IIab.  X.  Zealand,  Martyn. 
California,  Capt.  Belcher,  R.N. 
♦72.  Ziziphmus  anmdatus.  Trochu^  a.,  Mart\Ti,  U.  C.  pi.  3-3.=  T.  virginnn^, 
Chemn.  x.  f  1.581-2;  Wood's  Cat.  f.  98,=  Tr.  Cfrlafm,  fi.,  Gmel— JIab. 
N.  Zealand,  Martyn.     California,  Capt.  Belcher. 

243  113.  Bulla  Quoyii,  Gray,  n.  .«.=^.  striata,  Q.  &  G.,  ^■oy.  Astr.  ii.  3.54,  pi.  20. 
f.  8,  9,  non  Lam. — Hub.  X.  Zealand,  Quoy,  Sluuger. 

But  the  first  ai'thentic  information  on  the  molluscs  of  the  Xorth-wcstem 
coast  19  given  in  the  '  Voyage  Round  the  World,  but  more  particularly  to  the 
N.W.  Coast  of  America,'  by  Capt.  George  Dixon,  London,  1789:  to  which  i3 
added  a  Natural  History  Appendix. 
Page  .3-5.5,  iig.  2.  Solcn  patulus*.     Cook's  River.     [=  3Inc7irr>ra  Xuttalli,  Conr.] 

In  the  '  Conchology,  or  Natural  History  of  Shells,'  by  George  Perry,  Lon- 
don, isll,  a  work  of  no  little  pretension,  yet  singularly  inaccurate,  are  figured 
the  following  species,  but  without  authorities  for  the  assigned  localities : — 

*  As  this  extract  is  probably  the  first  description  on  record  of  molluscs  from  the  Pacific 
shores  of  N.  America,  bv  the  original  collector,  and  as  the  book  is  rarely  to  be  met  with, 
it  may  bo  interesting  to  quote  the  passage : — 

"At  the  mouth  of  Cook's  River  [lat.  59°-61°]  are  many  species  of  shell-fish,  most  of 
them,  I  presume,  nondescript ;  and  of  all  which  I  should  have  endeavoured  to  have  got 
specimens,  had  business  permitted.  Among  the  bivalves  we  noticed  some  of  a  large  spe- 
cies, of  the  Cardium  or  cockle-genus  [^Cardium  corbis,  Mart.],  half-a-dozen  of  which  would 
have  afforded  a  good  supper  for  one  person  ;  but,  for  a  repast  of  that  kind,  our  men  pre- 
ferred a  large  species  of  the  Solen  genus,  which  they  got  in  quantity,  and  were  easily  dis- 
covered by  their  spouting  up  the  water  as  the  mi  n  walked  over  the  sands  where  they  in- 
habited :  as  I  suppose  it  to  be  a  new  kind,  I  have  given  a  figure  of  it  in  the  annexed  plate 
[So/era  patulus ;  accurate  external  and  internal  views,  size  of  life].  'Tis  a  thin  brittle  siiell, 
smooth  within  and  without :  one  valve  is  furnisln-d  with  two  i'ront  and  two  lateral  teeth 
[the  'laterals'  are  the  nymphse  for  the  ligament]  ;  the  other  has  one  front  and  one  silo 
tooth,  which  slip  in  between  the  others  in  tne  opposite  valve  :  from  the  teeth,  in  each  valve, 
proceeds  a  strong  rib,  which  extends  to  above  halfway  across  the  shell,  and  gradually  loses 
itself  towards  the  edge,  which  is  smooth  and  sharp.  The  colour  of  the  outride  is  white, 
circularly,  but  faintly,  zoned  with  violet,  and  is  covered  with  a  smooth  yellowish-brown 
epidermis,  which  appears  darkest  where  the  zones  are :  the  inside  is  white,  slightly  zoned, 
and  tinted  with  violet  and  pink.  The  aniu.al,  as  in  all  species  of  this  genus,  protrudes 
beyond  the  ends  of  the  shell  very  much,  and  is  exceeding  good  food. — A  fine  specimen  of 
this  kind  is  in  the  Collection  of  John  Swainson,  Esq.,  of  the  Custom  House,  London. — We 
saw  al.HO,  on  this  coast,  a  kind  of  muscle,  in  colour  and  shape  much  like  the  common  eat- 
able muscle  of  Europe,  but  differed  in  being  circularly  wrinkled,  and  a  great  deal  larger 
[^Mi/tilu.1  Californianus,  Conr.].  One  valve  I  saw  at  Queen  Charlotte's  Islands  measureJ 
above  nine  inches  and  a  half  in  length.— With  pieces  of  these  muscles,  sharpened  to  an  ex- 
quisite edge  and  point,  the  Indian*  head  their  harpoons  and  other  instruments  for  fislnng 
iliey  fasten  them  on  with  a  kind  of  resinous  substauee." — Dixon  s  '  f'o^cje.' 


520  REPORT— 1 803. 

PI    Pig. 
9    4.  Pi>7i/plf.r  ffran'l'g[  =  Trophon  multtrostatMS,F^svh.'\.     N.  Zcalnnd. 

S9  5.  Mi'luniu  Mrinta.   New  Ciililoriiia.    [AH  the  tijrurcs  of  •  J[/t'/««ia' on -his  platd 

represent  larjre  BuUini,  perhaps  from  S.  Anierica.] 

85  4.    Cerithiiiin  rdiadutum.     New  California. 

44  2.  JIausinnn  pi('tuiti\  =  Purpura  phmospiray     East  Indies. 

44  3.  Hamtrvm  dvvJv.i  ['=r.  colHmellarij'\     N ootka  .Sound :  only  2  sp.  known. 

44  4.  Hausirum  tiiberctilaf inn  [  =  P.  jxttula,  jun.'].     ? — 

41  3.   Olirn  Lcreriiina  \_=0.  p(irpfi!/ri(i'\.     ? — 

47  2.  TriKhtis  decarin'atus[  =  ('iiUi()st()ma  canaUciilafiiyii].     N.Zealand. 

58  2.    J'l'Hus  radiata  1=  Cailista /upiiiarin].     N.  Zealand. 

The  common  Californian  Haliotis  was,   it  scorns,  first  described  in  the 
'Zoological  Miscellany,'  by  Dr.  \V.  E.  Leach,  vol.  i.  1S14*. 
Page  131,  pi.  58.  Haliotis  Cracherodii,  Leach.     California. 

Solander  made  use  of  the  materials  he  had  collected  in  Cook's  Toyafj^e,  in 
compiling  a  work  on  Conchology  of  considerable  merit.  Dillwyn  made  a  copy 
of  it,  and  used  it  in  preparing  his  own,  allowing  priority  to  its  specitic  names  ; 
but  it  was  never  published.  The  types  were  lately  partcd-with  by  the  Lin- 
nean  Society,  who  had  determined  not  to  keep  any  colli  itions  exccjit  those  of 
Ijnnaeus.  The  '  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Recent  Shells,'  &c.,  by  L.  \V.  Dill- 
wyn :  London,  1817,  is  considered  by  Dr.  Gray  to  be  the  best  conchological 
Work  arranged  according  to  the  old  system.  The  following  are  (quoted  from 
the  West  Coast: — 

Vol.  Page. 

i.     301.  Miftilusfrons,  1^11111.  =  Ostreafrons,  Sol.   Callone.   Acapulco,  J/ww/j^rfys; 

West  Indie.s,  aucf. 
i.     409.   Ci/inrea  pustidafa,  Sol.     Acapulco. 
ii.     G17.  Buccinum  jdiDiibeum,  Chenin.     California,     [Monoceros,  ?S.  America.] 

Following  Dillwyn,  and  nearly  eclip.sing  his  fame  through  the  originality 
and  excellence  of  his  classification,  ajjpcared  Lamarck's  '  Animaux  suns  Ver- 
tebres,'  1818-182iJ.  Coordinate  with  or  preceding  this  work  are  his  Articles 
in  the  '  Annales  du  Museam '  and  the  '  Encyclopedie.'  The  fresh  sources  of 
his  information  are  quoted  in  the  first  lleport,  p.  109. 

In  Delessert's  *  Eecueil,'  1841,  are  figured 

PI.    2,  fig.  1.  Solen  amhifjmis,  Lam.  [_  =  S.  rudis,  C.  B.  Ad.]   "T.es  mers  d'Amoriquo." 
PI.  19,  fig.  2.   Cytherea  sentilamellosa,  Gaiidiehaud  [=  C.  lupiuaria^.     China  .^eas. 

In  Deshayes'  invaluable  edition  of  the  'An.  s.  Yert.,'  Paris,  183.5-4.J,  are 
quoted  a  variety  of  West  Coast  species  which  have  already  appeared  under 
their  original  authorities.     The  following  may  be  added : — 

Vol.   Page. 

\\\\.  232.  Bulimvs  Mexicanvs,  ham.  =  Helix  rittafa,  Yer.     Mexico. 

ix.       33.  Haliotis  CuUforniensis,  Swains.  =  H.  glabra,  Desh.     California. 

ix.     357.  PUurotonui  tuhercidifera,  Br.  &  Sby.     California. 

ix.     584.  Murex  radix,  Gniel.  =  J'/.  meUitwmathos  (pars),  Dillw.     Acapulco. 

ix.     005.  Murex  foliatm,  (jirae\.=  M.  triptervs,  \i.i^n.     N.W.America.  "P  India." 

The  last  of  the  early  writers  whose  works  should  here  he  quoted,  and  whose 
ideas  on  the  relations  of  genera  were  considerably  in  advance  of  the  age,  though 
eomewhat  fanciful, is  Swainson,  in  his  'Zoological  Illustrations,'  1820-l8y;j; 
*  Appendix  to  the  Sale  Catalogue  of  Mrs.  Bligh's  Shells,'  1822 ;  and  '  Exoti't 
Conchology,'  1821-1835,  reissued  by  Hanley,  1841.  These  works  contaiu 
the  foUowJng  West  Coast  species : — 

*  This  work  has  been  translated  into  French,  and  republished,  by  Chenu;  where  iba 
same  spu::;-*  i£  fuund  on  page  8,  pi.  3.  /,  2. 

6 


ON  MOLLl'SCA  OF  THE  WEST   COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  C21 

BliRhCatPaifp. 

•2.  JItiliotis  nifcsrem,  Swains.    (Ditto  in  Exot.  Conch,  ed.  ii.  p.  34.)   Galapagos  [r  j 
and  Caht'oi-nia. 

4.  Cams  \_.Maifa'  ringens.  Swains.     ? — 

5.  Vnmn  onuijdla,  i^vniMs.     Native  of  the  Galapagos. 
5.  Harpa  crinata.  Swains,     't — 

8.   titromhus  yranulatug,  Swains.     ? — 

Eiot,  Conch.  Plate. 

efO.  ConuK  princeps,  Ln.=  C.  regius,  Martini,  Lam.  (C.  P.  var.  ^.,  Ln.=  C.  ebraif^.) 

Asiatic  Ocean. 
97  (middle  figure).  Marginella  prunmn,  Gmel.,  Martini  =  Valuta plumbea,  Sol.  MS. 

Africa.     [The  pinched  W.  Indian  forni.l 
182.  Cyprtea  spadicea,  Swains.,  Tilloch's  Phil.  Mag.  vol.  Ixi.  p.  376.     South  Seas 

{Matce). 
80.  Haliotis  CaUfomiensis,  Swains.     [Fignred  with  9  small  holes.]     1821. 
55.  Sulen  amhiguus,  I..am.     N.  America,  1820.     [This  shell  i.s  con.<pecitic  with  tho 

"  S.  mt'dius,  Alashka,"  of  the  B.  M.  Coll. ;  differinnr  somewhat  from  the  .V. 

ambiguus  as  figured  by  Delessert.    The  B.  M.  locality  is  perhaps  enoneous.] 

24.  Valenciennes'  Memoir  on  Ilumh.  and  Bonj)!.,  183.3. — Thf  followin^j 
notes  are  from  a  study  of  the  complete  copy  in  the  Libr.  Hoy.  Coll.  Suigeons. 

Page. 

221.  Donax  radiata  [=var.  of  D.  jmndaiostriatm,  Ilanl.  1843]. 
219.    Vemis  succincta  [=CAi'w»«  Californitn-sis,  Brod.  1835]. 
245.  Bidimtis  undntus.     [The  Cariboean,  not  the  Mexican,  type  is  here  figured.] 
207.  Haliotis  Californiana  [  =  H.  rufescetis,  Swains.,  not  JI.  t'tdifornicnuis,  Swains. 1. 
207.  (Add)  Haliotis  interrupta,  Val.     Tropical  America.     [The  description  accords 
with  the  young  of  //.  Cracherodii,  Leach.] 

277.  Ceritkium  miisica.     [Description  accords  with  C.  maculostitn,  Kien.] 

278.  Cerithiujn  gra7insHin\=  Cerithidea  varicom']. 

279.  Cerithium /ragaria  [^=:  JRhinoclavis  getntnata,  lids. J, 
282.   Cerithium  varicosum  [=  Cerithidea  varicosa,  .Shy.]! 

308.  Strombtis  cancellatus.     Closely  resembles  Rostellaria  fissurella,  from  Grignon. 

[Probably  E.  Indian.] 
838.  Conus  scalaris  [=  C.  gradatiis  (Mawe),  "Wood's  Suppl.]. 
270.  Solarium  bicanalieulatum.     Small  species,  like  S.  Herherti,  De.«h.  Enc. 
205.  Natica  Bonplandi.     [The  figure  exactly  represents  Neverita  jMittUa,  Shy.] 
2ti6.  (Add)  Natica  uber,  val.     Cumana. 
317.  Purpura  semi-imhricata,  Lam.  [\n.  s.  Vert.  vol.  x.  p.  84,  no.  39 ;    not  since 

identified  from  the  brief  descnption.     Perhaps  =  Cuma  costata,  Blainv.] 
287.  Fusus  turris  \  =  F.  Ikipetithouarsii,  Kien.]. 
290.  Fums  Magelfanicm  "  =Buc.  Geverstanum,  Pallas^  —Murex  Peruvianas,  Enc. 

Mdth." 

295.  Ficulajicoides  [?  =decttssata']. 

296.  Pynda  spirata  [?  =Rapa,  jun.]. 

25.  Coquille. — All  the  limpets  quoted  are  South  American. 

HG.  Eschscholtz. — The  following  observ  ationa  may  be  iiseful  to  the  student : 

Page. 

10.  Murex  ferrugineus\  =  Pirp.  crispata,  Chemn.,  var. ;  varices  few,  scarcely  frilled]. 

11.  Murex  lactuca  \^  =  Purpura  crispata,  Chemn.]. 

11.  Murex  multicostatus  [is  not  Trophon  clathratus,  as  supposed  by  Midd. ;  but  pro- 
bably =  T.  Gunneri.  It  resembles  T.  laciniatvm.  Mart.  (Falkland  Is.)  on  a 
small  scale ;  varices  coronated,  without  spiral  sculpture]. 

16.  Acrntea.  [Genusdescribedinthe  Appendix  to  Kotzebue's  Second  Voyage,  18.3(1 
p.  350;  somewhat  before  Tectura,  teste  Woodward.] 

18.  Acmaa  mamiUata.     [The  '  crowded  tubercles '  were  perhaps  due  to  nuUipore.  ] 

19.  Acmaa casMs\\i  a  northern  shell,  is  perhaps  the  strongly  ribbed  var.  of  ])ek*i- 

hut  the  figure  accoi-ds  best  with  the  Cape  Horn  species,  P.  renm.  Mart.]. 

20.  Acmmi  digitalis  [is  perhaps  distinct  from  the  variable  persona  j  but  passes  into 

it  by  easy  transitioas]. 

7 


523 


REPORT 18C3. 


IGI 

1U2 

206 


1203 
i294 
1690 

1S42 

ia-)5 

1806 
2240 
22'.1 
2:580 
•2:',?,2 


XTxn 

ixxiii 

xxxiv 


"•age. 

21.  Fiii>iirclla  atpfra  [=nf>/phia  Lineolni,  Cimy,  =  rrnti'tia.  OKI.     'Rut  Ol.  <{en.»icln- 
Hiiata,  Kve,  is  probably  distinct;  8ta  Jiaibiira,  Jewitt,  C'oui>er'j. 

27.  Tankerville  Cat.,  1825. — The  foUowinj?  species  are  also  from  the  West 
C'liMst.  The  prices  are  added  from  the  British  Museum  copy,  as  a  record  of 
their  former  rarity  : — 

Xo.    App.  page.      Pri'?e. 
70  10».  Solen  amhgmw. 

15.S.   Tellina  operctdata. 
5«.   TeUina  pttntcea. 
£10  10«.  Lurina  Childreni  [desoribed  by  Gray  in  Ann.  Phil.  1824 :  v.  nlso 
Zool.  Joum.  vol.  i.  1825.  pp.  221  -2.    Therr-  is  no  aiitliority 
for  the  statement  that  it  came  from  Brazil.   The  Br.  Miia. 
Bpecimens  are  from  "  Mus.  Craehernde,"  and  are  probably 
West  Coast.  The  only  known  locality  is  Cope  Su  Lucas."j 
80«.   Tioclma  annulatm. 
20s.   Trcrhtis  doliariii9. 
10«.  Murex  crtsjmttis. 
los.  Purpura  patula. 
20«.  Purinira  j)l<inospir€h 
4o».  JIarpa  crenata. 
los.   Cijiircea  spadicea. 
2s.   Ci/}treS(i  alhtginosa. 
15,?.   O'ira  splendidula.     Hah.  ? — 
2s.  (kl.  Oliva  bipUcnta.    West  Coast  Xorth  America, 
2s.  OUva  colutnellaris.     ? — 
2.J47  £5  OS.  Contis  regius. 

The  „  in  Rep.,  p.  174,  should  have  been  omitted,  except  at  no.  808,  p.  vi.  Jso. 
1401  is  described,  on  p.  xii,  as  from  Newfoundland.  No.  1780  should  have  iM 
pa^e-reference. 

In  the  *  Zoological  Journal,'  London,  1S24— 1829,  appear  descriptions  of  the 
following  species : — 

Pag\ 

00.  Natica  patula,  iSbv.  "  Brought  from  S.  America  by 
M.  de  Humboldt.     2  specimens  only  known.'"* 

3G9.  Cypraa  suhro^trata,  Gray.  Nehoue  (Mus.  Sbv.). 
['  Probably  fossil '  {Graii) :  a  white,  smooth  spe- 
cies, not  to  be  confounded  with  Trivia  stihm  tni1a.'\ 

510.  Cypra>a  albuginosa,  Mawe,  pi.  7.  f.  2 ;  pi.  12.  f  2.  Cali- 
fornia. Named,  without  descripticm,  in  Mawe's 
Cat.  (=C. pnraria,  var.,  Duel.:  Z.  .1.  iv.  p.  08.) 

613.  Ciipr<va  pysftdatn,  Sol.    S.  Coa-st  of  Mexico.    China. 

70.  Hinnites  (jiganteus  (Shy.).  F — \  =  H.  Poidoni,VouT. 

Ca\\t.'\  =  Iliimiia  gigantea,  Gray,  Ann.  Phil.  Aug. 

182(i.  =  Lima  gtgantea,  Id.  inloc.  cit.  [non  J.  Shy.] 

863.   Cyprcea  subrostrata,  Gray  [bis.  Trivial.     ? — 

364.  Cyprcea  radians,  Lam.  =  C  oniscus,  Dillw.  =  C.  pedi- 
culiis,  j3.,  Gmel.4-  C.  costata,  Dillw.  W.  Coast  of 
Mexico,  ?  Adriatic. 

365.  Cyprata  Calif  or niana,  Gray  [  Trivia].     California. 
145-102.  Monograph  of  Ovtdvm,  by  G.  B.  Sowerby,  containing 

the  species  afterwards  figured  in  the  Spec.  Conch. 

28.  Beechey*  Voyage. — Increased  study  has  supplied  the  following  cor- 
rections : — 

*  At  p.  511,  note  *,  Dr.  Gray  states  that  the  Xatica  patula,  Barnes,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 
Hist.  N.  Y.,  Sept.  1S24,  i.  133,  is  "  the  shell  described  under  tliat  name  by  Sbv.  As  tlic-r* 
is  another  N.  patula  [?  ubi],  must  be  called  by  Mr.  Barnes's  MS.  name  of  A',  helicoides.' 
Also  that  DoUum  dentatum,  Barnes,  loc.cit.=2>.  ringens^  Sby. 

8 


Vol.  i.  March  1824, 
„    Oct.  1824, 


M 


Jan.  1825, 


Vol.  iii.  Jan.  1827, 


n 


Sept  1827, 


Tol.  iv.  Jan.  1828, 


Oy  MOLLCSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  Or  NORTH  AMERICA.,  523 

Z.  J.  372.  Xaf ion  pall Ula  \^=aLiinatia  enurina,  Cj\\\.,-\-soluta,  Gld.]. 
372.  Nut ica  Otis.  [\  ar.  =  /W//<(V'M///vf(i,  Cpr.j 
372.    Natira  ckima  [=  A'.  JUnr/ii,  Ij-aih,  Sl.S.  in  R.  M.]. 

378.  Fu-fiis  laj7il/ii^=2JHC.  'uhroitrafinti,  (irav.     [^lJi'.*t'iiihles  the  smootli, 

stumpy  form  of  Purjmra  plieata,  Mart. :    "  perfectly  dwtiuct," 
teste  Hani.] 

379.  Contf^  arcinUus  [o-s  finriircd  in  Z.  B.  V.,  is  a  very  differont  8liell  from 

that  in  Mus.  Cum.  and  the  monogniphs ;  the  latter  id  a  lied  to  C. 

tornatm^ 
37n.   Conus  interniptto  [resemVde.s  the  broad  form  of  C.  mdhoffunil. 
Z.B.V.    l:{0.  (Add)  Olivasemintriata,  (Jray,  pi.  .'iti.  f.  10.  J/ab.  I--— [^Pananiji,  &c.] 
1 19.   Conns  Ximenes  [scarct>ly  difler.s  from  C.  nuihoyuni,  var.  in  Mua.  Cum.]. 
132.  [Should  be]  Aijuronia  [et  pa-sini]. 

147.  (Add)  Mouretia  Peruviana,  Shy.  (P.  Z.  S.  1835,  p.  G)  pi.  39.  f.  6, 0'. 

[Also  Margarita  Bay,  teste  Pease.^ 

148.  Patella  Mazatlandica.    [This  i.s  the  i^andwich  I.«land.<t  species,  =  P. 

e.iarata,  Nutt.,  te.ite  Haul.     The  large  specimens  quoted  are  pro- 
bably P.  takosa,  (J Id.] 

150.  Cliama  echinata.     [Further  series  of  specimens  nifike  it  doubtful 

whether  this  be  not  a  distinct  species  from  C.froivlosa,  var.    Th© 
original  sculpture  has  not  yet  been  detected.] 

151.  [Should  be]  Vytherea  biradiata. 

152.  (Add)  Caraitn  borealis,  Cour.  (="Arcturus  rudis,  Ilumphr.")  pi.  44. 

f.  1.     [Probably  from  near  icy  Cape.     Mus.  Belcher.] 

The  types  of  the  species  described  from  this  iriportant  Toyage  have  been 
scattered.  Some  have  been  identified  from  Admual  Sir  E.  Belcher's  Collec- 
tion, which  he  kindly  allowed  me  to  examine  for  that  purpose  ;  others  are 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Hanley  ;  but  many  appear  hopelessly  lost. 

29.  WoocFs  Ind.  Test. — In  Hanley's  Revised  Edition  of  this  important 
■work  (London,  1856),  several  new  localities  are  added  from  the  writer's 
varied  experience,  and  the  synonymy  is  most  carefully  elaborated.  No  other 
book  contains  such  a  mass  of  trustworthy  information  on  the  old  .species  in  so 
small  a  compass.  The  following  are  quoted,  either  as  original  authorities,  or 
for  locality  or  synonymy : — 

Page.    Fig. 

2  10.  Cfiifon  tnnicatus,  Wood,  Gen.  Conch.  1815,  pi.  2.  f.  1  [  =  Kat!icn'na 

Dvuglasia,  Grav].     Sitka. 
8     18.  Chiton  lineatus,  AVood,  Gen.  Conch.  1815,  pi.  ±  f.  4,  5.     Sitcha, 
North  Calif.     [Mr.  Ilanley  believes  that  Sitka  is  the  i.slautl  in 
lat.  58^,  and  that  Sitcha  is  in  the  district  now  known  as  Wash- 
ington Territor\',  olim  Oregon.] 

3  20.   Chiton  sulcatm,  W^ood,  Gen.  Conch.  1815,  pi. .'?.  f.  1.     Galapagos. 
19    IG.  Solen  maximus,  Wood,  Gen.  Conch.  1815,  pi.  31.  f.  3  [  =  <S.  patulus, 

Dixon.     N.W.  America].     Sandw.  Is. 
21      8.  TcUina  rugosa,  Bom.     Is.  of  Opara,  New  California.  [Pacific  Is.] 
27    73.  Ti'llina  mtiricata,  Chemn.  =  ZM«wa  scabra,  Kve.     Mexico. 
82    97.  Conus  jmsillus,  Wood :  non  Chemn.  nee  Lam.  [nee  Gld.]  =  C.  jmr.c- 

ticulatus,  var.,  Lam.  (quasi  Brug. )     Mexico. 
88    31.  Q//>rrt>rton?/x,Gray(qua-si  Lin.)=C'.(frfM.'(/rt,Chemn.  [Pacific Is.  1  he 
San  Diegan  shell  is  closely  allied,  =  iw/Jo«i'a  spadicea.]    '  Calif.' 
?*9     35.    Valuta  incrassata,D'il\vf. ;  TpostenoT  to  0.a»i/uhiia,hnm.  Centr.  Am. 
183    14.  Ilaliotis  Cracherodii,  Leacn=2f.  glabra,  Schub.  1829,  non  Cheriin. 
et  auct.     Calif. 
Suppl.  201      3.  lellina  lutea,  Grav=  T.  altemidentata,  Br.  &  Sbv.=  2'.  GuilfordicR 
Gray,  in  Grift".  Cuv.  pi.  19.  f  2.     Icy  Cape. 
202      1.  Dmn.r  sadpelhim,  Grav,  Ann.  Tliil.  l'*25,  ix.  ICGj  =2>.  elongata 
Mawe,  Conch,  pi.  9."f.  6,  1823.    Calif. 

d 


524  KEPORT— 18G3. 

Pige.  F!?. 

Suppl.  '20J  '2.  Donn.r  ftnlfnrum,  ^fawe,  1.  o.  pi.  9.  f.  7 ;  =  Trlgona  st.,  Cray.  Analyst, 

'  Irt-'W.     !' .S.  America  r  =  7V.  r»'rt»«a/«'//D/t/«'»,  jiin.     Culit'.J. 

204  5i   Chiuna  cniniiicoHtuta=  I  enenciiriliuv.,'Sh\.,'YM\\i.  Cat.  p.  4.  =  rVir- 

</i/t4  rwriVr/,  Uroil,  P.  Z.  S.  18.52.  =  C.  ^licht-lini,  \a\.    A.apiilio. 

205  11.  Arm  fwcf itiifoniiiij imyi  I'irtiiuciiliis), ui)n  Lani.  =  P. i>(tf>y«(i/('«, SJby. 
2'*^       0.   C'onm  {/radatus,  yinwii.     CalU".  [=(.'.  scu/am,  N'al.]     Pau. 

211     25,   Voiuta  letis,  Mawe.     Pan. 

211  20.    Volutn  hitrpa,  Mawe,  Couch.  Front,  f.  2.  1823;  =  V,  nucleus,  Lam. 

S.  Pacific. 
■211     3.3.   Volittunujr,  B.yi.  =  Olioabiplicata,  Shy.,  Tunk.  Cat.     Calif. 

212  38.    Voiuf"  tencbrusa,  yifiwo=0.  iitiddtella,  ])uc\.  [L&ni.)     Pan. 
212       4.  ^i<m«(/m  ^rtiMe,  Mawe=  C«^s^v  J/o,s««>««,  Kieii.     (ialapayos. 

212  7.  Buceinum  diatortum,  Swains.,  IJli^h's  Cat.  =  Columbetla  triumphalis. 

Duel.  [CVate//a].     W.  Columbia. 

213  10.  Ducciunm  brevidentatum,  yitLVf*i  =  Purp.  cornigera,  Til&my.  =  P.  oeel- 

lata,  Kien.     W.  Columbia, 
213     11.  Hucciuum  denticuialuin,  ^l&we  i  =Monoceros  lugubre,   Sby.  Gen. 
213     12.  Huccinum  armatum,  Mawe       f  Calif. 

213  13.  Jiuceiman  tectum,  Mawe  =  i^/r;j.  callosa,  Sby.  Gen.,  non  Lam.  =  P. 

a?igidifera,  Kien.  (Ducl.)=  C'mhim  sulcata,  Swains.  Mai.     Pan. 
S13     15.  Buceinum  planaxis,  Mawe=P/.  planicosta,  Sljy.  =  P.  catxilicn/atn, 
Duval,  Kev.  Zool.  1840,  p.  107.   l*an.    [Purp.  canali'culaia.  Duel., 
is  quite  distinct.] 

214  25.  Buceinum  elongatum,  Mawe=  Terebra  strigata,  Sby.,  Tank.  Cat.a 

T.  zebra,  Kien.     Pan. 

215  15,  Strombiis  bituberculntus,  B.M.,  non  auct.  =  iS<r.  Peruciamis,  Swains., 

Phil.  Mag.  62.    W.  Columb. 

216  3.  Murex  rigidus,  Ji.^\.=£uc.  nodatum,  Marty n  =  3/wrex  «.,  Gmel., 

\)\\\w.=  Turbinella  rigida,  (iray.  Pan.  [Probiibly  the  I'acitic  sp.] 

217  10.  Murea:  sangui7ieus,  Mav,-e=TurbinelUi  varicosa,  live,    (ialapairos. 

217  14.  Mure.r  salino,  Mawe  =  Fasciolaria granosa,  Kien.,  as  of  Brod.,  P.Z.  S. 

1832.     Panama. 

218  1.  Troehus  undosus,  Wood=  T.  uudntus,  5Iawe,  Conch,  no.  140  (not 
described );  =T.  hderiiarum,  Val.     Calif. 


219       4.   Troehii-spelfi.s-scrpenti.i,  Mawe=  Tee/ula  e/rf/«H.s,Le89.,Ill.ZooI.pl.50; 

"'"  ■     '  ' 1.  pl.2.  f.9.     Pj 

225    45,  Turbo  saxosm,  Mawe= J/«>  morostoma  unduhita,  Swains.,  Zool.  III. 


=  2>.  mtrigilatus,  Phil,  (quasi  Anton)  Abbild.  pi.  2.  f.  9.     Pan. 


8.  2.     Pan. 
233      6.  Ilaliotis  corruqata,  Mawe,  Conch,  no.  181.  ?=:  H.  nodosa,  Phil.  Abbil. 

pi.  2.     Calif. 
233      3.  Patella  peziza,  Gmy  =  Di.9potaa  Bgronemis,  Gray,  Enc.  Metr.  MolL 

pi.  4.  f.  4  =[?  Crucibtdum  spmosum,  var.].     Chili. 

31,  Vori.  Beagle. — The  Triton  scaher  is  rightly  assigned  to  S.  America: 
there  is  no  satisfactory  evidence  for  its  appearance  on  the  N.W.  coa.st.  The 
shells  so  qtioted  are  probably  either  imported  from  the  Magellan  district,  or 
are  Priene  Oreyotiensis,  jun.,  or  Ocinebra,  var.  aspera. 

.36.  Duclos. — The  original  article  is  in  the  '  Annales  Xat.  So.,'  May  1832, 
and  contains  the  following  species : — 

l-a^e.  Plate.    Fig. 

104  1      1.  Purpura  canalicidata,  Duel.,  resembles  P.  succincta  on  a  small  scale, 

Cal.;  very  rare.    [Figured  with  10  principal  and  a  few  intercalary 
ribs.  =  P.  decemcodata,  Midd.] 

105  1      2.  Purpura  meloties,  Duel.     ? —  [Panama.] 

109  2  8.  Purpura  cerdiquadra,  Val.  MS.  [Duel,  states  that  Val.  altered  his 
own  name  to  speciosa  while  the  sheet  was  passing  through  the 
press.     The  latter,  however,  bears  date  1833.J 

111  2  10.  Purpura  sphteridia,  Duel,  Cal.  [A  well-known  Sistrutn  from  th< 
Facihc  Is,] 

10 


ON  MOLLUSC.V  OK  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5»5 

The  species  quoted  in  the  text  from  Gnerin,  which  appear  in  the  Mapr. 
Zoiil.  J*>r  \^-i-i,  also  appear  here  with  the  early  date.  fJlira pol/instcr,  a  .sutith- 
eni  form,  from  (luayaijuil,  ic,  is  distinct  from  all  varieties  of  the  (liilf  sjKcies, 
0.  Vuminjii;  it  bears  date  lUlid.    In  the  same  vol.  are  described  and  figured — « 

pint.-. 

'2.  ('ah/ptr<fa   ( Cali/peopsu)  ruffota,  Less.      Payta,  Peru.  [  =  C/*mc.   inibricatntn, 

witlioiit  pits.] 
23.  Cuiiits  hieruylijphua,  DucL     Probably  CaL      [A  Pacific  forai,  like  C.  ahhre- 

ridtii*,'] 
27.   C'l/praa  efflttntina,  T)nc\.     Cal.     [A  starved  var.  of -4nWa  «;•«///>«,  Pacific  Is.] 

3S.  Litilif  DoKfjlas  (afterwards  known  as  Lady  Wijjram). — Placunaaonua 
tepio.     [The  type  is  an  old  shell,  with  taint  ribs.j 

I'hicHtmnomia  alope.  [The  type  is  a  young  shell,  with  small  sears  and 
faint  ribs.  The  large  series  of  specimens  examined  in  the  Smith.sonian  col- 
lections proves  that  these  forms  are  among  the  many  varieties  of  /'.  macro- 
schismn.  The  Indians  have  a  superstitious  dread  of  bundling  it.  Many  more 
species  have  since  been  detected  in  the  Brit.  Mus.,  from  the  late  Lady 
Wigram's  valuable  donations,  including  Mucoma  inquhvita.  Desh..  dcscribtu 
from  her  specimens ;  but,  as  they  are  evidently  from  mixed  localities,  it  has 
not  been  thought  necessary  to  catalogue  them. J 

;^y.  NuttaJl. — The  verification  of  Conrad's  species  l)eing  of  considerable 
impDrtunce,  I  made  diligent  search  for  the  original  types  during  a  recent 
tour  in  the  United  States.  The  supposed  collection  at  Harvard  University, 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  has  not  been  discovered  by  Professor  Agassiz.  Th» 
inquiries  which  Professor  Longfellow  kindly  made  at  my  request  resulted  in 
information  that  it  was  "  in  Dr.  "NVyman's  Mus.  Xat.  Hist.,  in  the  granite 
buiiiding  on  Howard  Street ;  "  but  no  op])ortunity  has  been  afforded  of  col- 
lating it,  or  even  of  verifying  its  existence.  l)r.  Jay  rendered  me  every 
assistance  in  studying  the  ty])es  which  he  has  catalogued  in  his  coUpction, 
now  rearranging  in  his  residence  at  Memironeck,  near  New  York,  and  gave 
euch  dujjlicates  as  could  be  spared  for  the  f-mithsonian  Museum.  Several 
Bpccies,  however,  were  not  to  be  found,  and  some  were  clearlj-  erroneous,  as 
e.  g.  Llirnna  "  exocpjra,  Conr.,"  which  proved  to  be  C  lobata,  Brod.  ;  W.  I., 
teste  Cuming ;  China,  Brit.  Mus.  The  most  satisfactory  information  waa 
derived  from  an  internew  with  Mr.  Conrad  himself  at  the  Acad.  Xat.  Sci., 
Philadelphia,  where  the  honorary  curator,  Mr.  "W.  G.  Binney,  aftbrded  us 
all  possible  aid  in  eliminating  types  from  the  collections  of  the  Academy  and 
of  private  conchologists  in  the  city.  Mr.  Nuttall's  death  (the  news  of  which 
Was  received  soon  after)  prevented  his  revising  the  corrections  thus  obtained. 
.As  he  had  previously  presented  a  duplicate  series  of  his  shells  to  the  Brit, 
llus..  which  had  been  incorporated  with  the  general  collection,  and  had  sig- 
nified to  me  his  intention  to  leave  the  unique  specimens  to  the  nation,  1  at 
once  cofhmunicated  with  the  survivors  and  with  Dr.  Gray,  who  was  fortunate 
enough  to  stop  the  intended  sale,  and  to  secure  the  shcUs,  which  were  kindly 
presented  by  the  executors.  They  are  now  mounted,  and  kept  in  draweis 
adjoining  the  Reigen  collection,  the  Vancouver  collection,  and  the  Stimp- 
sonian  typical  collection  of  East  Coast  N.  American  shells.  The  foiloM  ing 
is  a  resume  of  corrections  obtained  from  these  different  sources,  numbered  i^ 
correspond  with  the  list,  Kep.  pp.  194-201  : — 

2.  "  Parapholas  "  penita  [is  a  Flwladidea]. 

."..  rhttyodon  cancelUiius  1=  Cn/ptodotUa  myoides,  Nutt.  MS.]. 

4.  Cri/ptoilon  Ntdtallii,  ccnr.  [The  author,  finding  the  generic  name  preoccupied 
changed  it  to  Srhizothanis  N. :  18.52,  teste  Bin.  liibl. ;  1854,  .Iouiti.  A.  X.  S 
Phil.  p.  l'M  =  LiUrar-ia  capiuc,  Gld.=i.  maxima,  Midd.,  = !/ >  tr*M»  maximm, 

11 


52G  REPORT— 18G3, 

Gray.  Mr.  Xuttall  only  bi'oii<rlit  home  yoiinp  specimens  of  tliis  extraordirarr 
shell.  In  its  adult  state  it  a.«f!unie3  either  a  transvei,-e  form  (  ='"/«'.?;  <>r 
the  elonfrated  condition,  redescribed  in  a  fossil  state  as  new.  Betwet  n 
tht  se  there  is  every  gradation,  as  cnn  be  traced  in  the  magnificent  series  in 
the  Smiths.  Mus. ;  and  a  caskful  of  the  animals  in  spirits,  of  various  ages, 
lias  affiliated  the  large  shells  to  the  original  Nuttallian  specimens.] 

10.  Pandora  punctata  [is  a  Clidiophora.     The  series  so  named  in  the  Nuttallian 

collection  belongs,  however,  to  the  Atlantic  CI.  trilimafa']. 

11.  Solcciiiius  lucidus  [is  almost  certainly  the  young  of  no.  12.     The  amount  of 

obliquity  in  the  mtemal  rib  is  e.^tremelv  variable  in  the  adult  spei-inicns]. 

12.  Soh'cuiius  Xuttallii  [^  =  Mach(era  patida,  \)\\on,  =  Aldus  {/rnndig,  Umel.,  teste 

lids,  in  Mus.  Cum.  Mr.  C.'s  "grundis,  var.,"  from  Monterey,  suits  in  its 
proportions  for  the  adult  of  S.  lucidus.  The  shell  has  been  widely  distri- 
Duted  bv  commerce,  and  appears  to  extend  far  in  a  northerly  direction.  Tlie 
animal  is  very  beautifully  fringed]. 

14.  Solvciirtm  CaUfornianus  [_=S.  Dombetji,  tei^te  Mus.  Cuming:  non  Hani.  MS.]. 

15.  P»ammolia  lui-ijica  [is  a  IL'tcrodana.v,  probably  identical  with  the  W.  Indian 

JL  hiinaculata,  which  is  found  abundantly  in  its  niimy  varieties  at  Aca- 
pulco  •,  =  Tellina  vidua,  C.  B.  Ad.]. 

17.  Sauf/uinolana  Californiana  [^  =  JIacoma  inconspicua,  Brod.  &  Sby.,  and  is  a 

northern  snieciesj. 

18.  Sanf/uinulana  ruhroradiata  [is  the  young  of  a  large  species  of  Fsammoma']. 

22.  TilUiia  altu  [  =  (froni  types)  ? Scrc^jictdaria  hiangidafa,  Cpr.]. 

23.  [  =  Mdcoma  edulis,  Nutt. ;    a  northern  variety  of  M.  sccta,  no.  25,  and  quite 

distinct  from  M.  cdentuh.~\ 
20.  Tlie  locality  is  not  continued,  and  is  probably  erroneous. 

27.  [Dr.  Gould  considers  his  D.  ohestis  a  distinct  species ;  from  a  large  series,  it 

appears  identical.] 

28,  29.  [These  species  of  Standella,  described  from  young  specimens,  were  tound 

of  very  large  size  by  Dr.  Cooper,  with  what  may  prove  a  third  sp'H-ies, 
perhaps  S.  nnsuta,  Gld.,  olirn.'j 

"Ob.  Tdricola  carditoides  [with  P.  arcnafn-^rylindracra,  Desh.,  are  varieties  of  P. 
Cidifornica.  The  series  preserved  in  the  Smithsonian  Museum  connects  all 
the  extreme  fonns]. 

32.  Mf/sia  tumida,  Conr.  5lS.  [  =  I}{plod(mta  orbrlla,  Gld.,  and  belongs  to  the  section 
Spharella,  Conr.  The  label  had  been  assigned  by  accident  to  a  young  valve 
of  a  Chione,  probably  from  the  Sandwich  Is.]. 

83.  Tajx's  stammea.  [This  is  the  extreme  southern  form  of  a  widely  diffused  and 
very  variable  species,  of  which  the  nonnal  condition  is  Saxidonnm  Pet  if  it, 
Desh.,=  Venus  rigida,  (ild.  piars.  The  principal  varieties  have  been  nnmed 
Tapes  diversa,  Sby.=  Venus  mundtdus,  Rve.,  and  Venttsruderata,  Desh.] 

JJ4.  [The  Cal  fomian  Saxidomi  divide  themselves  into  three  gi-oiips :  the  large, 
southern,  oval,  grooved  shells  =  6'.  aratus,  Gld. ;  the  subquadrate,  compara- 
tively smooth,  nortliem  shells  =  <S'.  sqtmlidus+ffigantei/s,  Desh.;  and  an 
intermediate  fonn,  which  is  the  true  S.  Tiuttallii,  Conr.  Some  of  Mr.  Nut- 
tail's  specitnens  were,  however,  the  young  of  S.  aratus,  of  which  the  adult 
w.as  not  known  till  very  recently.] 

85.  [The  young  of  this  Pachydesma  is  "  Trigona  stultorum,  Gray,"  Desh^MS.  in 
British  Museum.] 

30.  Cyiherea  callosa  [  =  C.  nohilis,  Eve.  It  is  not  a  Dosinia,  but  the  type  of  a  new 
subgi^nus,  Aminntis,  differing  from  CaUista  as  Mei-cenaria  does  from  Venus']. 

S7.  Plate  li»,  fig.  It!  (not  14  nor  15).  [The  true  Venus  NidtaUii  of  Conr.  (teste 
Conr.  ips.  and  types  in  Mus.  Phil.  Ac.  and  Jay)  is  not  the  shell  here  cata- 
logued, which  generally  goes  by  that  name,  but  is  a  synonym  for  the  V, 
Californiensis,  TjYod.,=:succincfti,  Viil.  The  error  was  corrected  in  the  Mus. 
Cum.  in  time  for  the  right  shell  to  be  figvired  by  Reeve  in  his  recent  mono- 
graph. It  is  doubtful  what  name  Conrad  intended  for  the  shell  here  cata- 
logued, which  belongs  to  the  group  oiStutchhuryi,Jlucfifraga,  &c.  Ifrenlly 
distinct  from  the  latter,  it  may  stand  as  Chione  callosa,  Sby.  jun.  (nouConr.)] 

S3.  Venuii  Californiana  [(teste  Conr.  ips.)  was  intended  for  V.  Californiensis, 
Brod.    Not  having  access  to  the  type,  it  could  hardly  be  recognized  by  the 

12 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF   THE   WEST   COAST  OF   NORTH   AMERICA.     627 

brief  diagnosis.  The  name  should  therefore  be  dropped.  The  shell,  pi.  19, 
fig.  15  {not  l6)=Chioiie  ftiniiUimn, iShy.,m}.S9;  a  good  Lower  Californian 
species.  It  seems  that  the  error  was  not  in  numbering  of  the  figures,  as 
Mr.  Nuttall  supposed,  hut  i-i  Conrad's  identification  of  Broderip's  species]. 

^.Chiinieexioriita  (is  closely  related  to  Ch.  mcciuda;  the  unique  type,  however, 
in  Brit.  Mus.  displays  characteristic  differences  of  sculpture.  It  is  singu- 
larly like  the  Vi.  Indian  Ch.  aincdlata,  and  may  prove  exotic]. 

Al.Cypricinih'aCalifoniicu  [=(\  Gi<iiiiaca,ha.in.,=  C.  Dvpen-yiiUesa.  Almost 
certainly  from  the  Sandwich  Is. J. 

45,  456.  Cardiinn  CuUfuruidtium  i=V.  NiittaUii,  vnr.  The  species  is  named  '"  C, 
corhis,  Mart.,"  by  Desh.  MS.  in  Mus.  Brit,  and  CuiuingJ. 

4C.   Cai  dill  III  qiuuhagenai  ium  \_=C.  hdeoUihrum,  Gld.]. 

51.  0.  a.ih'ii,  no.  32. 

66.  Jlodiolii  redd.  [Described  fi-om  very  young  specimens.  The  broad  form  13 
M.fabellafa,  Gld.1 

69.  Mytiiiis  bifiirratm.  {The  type  is  lost ;  the  fijjure  and  description  wnuM  suit 
many  speciv.'S.  It  is  allocated,  in  Mus.  Cum.,  to  the  Calitomian  Sepiif^r^ 
but  by  Pease  to  a  Sandwich  Island  Mi/tilus.'] 

CO.  [None  of  Conrad's  species  of  Isojin  vion  have  been  confirmed  as  from  Califor- 
nia.    They  are  known  to  inhabit  the  Pacific  Lslands.] 

626.  [Mr.  Nuttall  also  broupht  an  oyster,  which  he  named  in  5IS.  O.  laftcniidafu, 
=  0.  liirida,  var. ;  and  Hinnites  yiijaideiis,  Gray,  =  /f.  Poidsnui,  Coiu\  ] 

64.  [Dr.  Gould  states  that  //.  Nichliniaua,  Lea,  =  .ff.  Cidiforniensis,  Pfr.,  Chemn., 
Rve. ;  but  that  //.  CalifiiniiensL,  Lea.  is  distinct.] 

69.  Helix  Townseiidiiina  \  =11.  <enigmosa,  Gld.  MS.]. 

74.   Chiton  Xidtallii  [is  an  IschiKcititon]. 

lb.  Chiton  acutiis  [is  an  abeirant  fonn  of  Mopalia.  ''  Chiton  connimilis"  Nutt.  ilH. 
in  Brit.  Mus.,  appears  to  be  Mopalia  Iliiidm,  var.  "  Chiton  Califvrnicus  '' 
Nutt.  yiS.,="  Aea/ithopleiira  "  scabra,  live.]. 

77.  Patella  muniiltata,  Nutt.  [(non  Esch.)  is  now  assigned  in  Mus.  Cuming  to 
AciiKPa  scabra,  Nutt.,  var.  liiiiafida^. 

83.  Fissuiella  onuda,  Nutt.  [  =  F.  volcano,  Rve."'. 

Si.   (iliiphia  den  idathrata,  live.  \_V.  antea,  p.  522.     The  shell  has  been  lost.] 

fil5.  H.  Call  oniiensis,  Swains,  [(not  Californiana,  Val.,  =  r?//escf».>t),  is  an  •-xtrenie 
var.  of  II.  Cracherodii.  The  series  in  the  Smithsonian  Mus.  have  5,  (!,  7, 
8,  and  9  holes;  as  soon  as  it  has  10  and  11,  it  passes  into  Californieii.sis, 
which  was  figured  in  1821  with  9  holes.  When  these  are  numerous,  they 
are  generally  small  in  proportion]. 

91.  Callio'stoina  doliariiim   [=C.   canalicidatum,  M^drt.     This   and    C.  annulatttvif 

Mart.,  are  quite  distinct  from  C.Jilosum,  which=  C.  costrtfiim,  Mart.^. 

92.  Omphalius  (iter  [is  the  S.  Amei-ican  species.   The  common  Californian  shell  is] 
94.   O.  marginatum,  Nutt.  MS.  [  =  fiiiiebralis,  A.  Ad.]. 

976.  The  collection  contains  one  specimen  of  Crcpidida  dorsata. 
103.  [Is  a  Serjndorbis,  without  operc,  tt'Ste  Cooper.] 

100.  Litorina  tenebrata  [slu)uld  be  patida,  Gld.  (non  Jeffr.).    Nuttall's  MS.  name 
was  published  by  Phil,  in  1845]. 

107.  Natica  ?marocca)ia,  var.  Californica.     [The  varietal  name  must  be  dropped. 

The  shell  certainly  came  from  the  Sandwich  Islands.] 

108.  [The  shell  is  Vifulmia  salebrosa,  jun.,  and  not]  Ranvlla  triqiicfra. 

109.  Mitra  maura  [Swaiu  .,  teste  Rve.  (?\x\i\)=M.  orieiUalis,  Gray,  =M.  "  Chi- 

lensi-i,"  Kien.J. 
no.   Olirella  (/landinaria,  Nutt.  [  =  0.  biplicata,  Shy.]. 

112,  113.  Purpura  aperta  and  F.  harpa  fare  certainly  from  the  Sandwich  Islands!, 
114.  Purpura  eniarginata  [was  described  by  Desh.  from  an  immature  specimen  iij 

which  a  half-formed  knob  caused  an  "  emargination."     The  adult  is  one 

very  extreme  form;  P.  ostrina,  Gld.,  is  another ;  P.  fmcata,  IHjs.,  is  a  third. 

The  normal  condition  is  P.  lapilbis,  Cooper  (npn  Linn.),=s«J"('co/a,  \'al. 

Mr.  Nut'all's  collection  also  contflins]  T.  criitpata,  var. 
lin.  Monoceros  brevidens  [is  an  accidentally  short-toothed  form  of  M.  InpiUoide^], 
118.   Cvrostoma  Xuttallii  .with  C./oliaium  and  C.monoccros,  Shy.,  belongs  to  ISit' 

purida], 

13 


528  REPORT— 1863. 

The  speoimens  numbered  2,  5.  8,  9.  19,  21,  28-31,  36,  44,  4G,  49,  oO,  .^2-.-4,  PC, 
CO.  (>4-(57,  70-72,  70,  84,  86-88,  98,  101,  103,  104,  and  109  do  not  appear  in  the 
Brit.  ilus.  Nuttallian  collection. 

41.  Vo;/.  Venus. — Rev.  Zool.  and  Guer.  Mag. 
j4rcn  trnpczia  \^  =  A.tuhercul'isa']. 

Saxirava  Icf/innen  [  =  S.  pho/odis:  Pfrom  hole  oi  Lithophagus]. 
Pctricola  arcitdto  [=the  normal  state  of  P.  carditoirfe^  Conr.J. 
Pvtricoln  cylimlracea  [  =  a  .«hort  fomi  of  the  same  sp.,  developing  ridges  of  growth, 

like  Tn/M'S  nuivnita,  Desh.]. 
Veneriipis  (ligantca  [  =  Sd.cidfmim  sqi/alidits,  Desh.l. 
Cynricardia  Ihiperreyi  [_=C.  Guinaiaca,  Lam.,=  t'.  Calif nrnica,  Coax.    A  Sandwich 

Island  species,  twice  quoted,  hut  not  continued,  from  Cal.]. 
Cardium  Ldpernussii  [is  an  Aphrodite,  like  Gra'tdandicum,  but  more  transvers"^,  and 

with  lateral  teeth  less  developed.     This  verv"  rare  and  probably  boreal  shell  has 

just  been  identified  from  Adm.  SirE.  Belcher's  coll.]. 
Cardium  Californiense,  Desh.  [is  not  C.  Calif oruiamtm  (=Xi/ffalh'i),  Conr. :  1)ut=  C 

pneiuhfas-tilc,  live..  1844.     The  name  of  Desh.  is  unfortunate,  as  his  shell  is  the 

Kamtschatkan  form  with  strong  ribs.     The  Californian  form  is  smaller,  with 

fainter  ribs,=  C  hhindum,  Old.]. 
Purpura  Frei/cindii  [is  figured  from  a  very  extreme  form  of  the  Japanese  specie* 

P.  ostrina  pa.ssfs  into  similar  varieties]. 
Telutina  Miillrri  [probably  =  V.  Jatrignta,  which  reaches  Vancouver]. 
Lucina  m'stata  [=  Tellidora  luriulata,  Holmes;  described  from  the  Pleistocene  of  S. 

Carolina,  and  lately  dredged  alive  by  Dr.  Stimpson  ;  not  T.  Burneti\ 

The  following  may  be  added  to  Deshaycs'  list : — 

PI.  81.    TeUina  liifamentina,  Desh.,  1843.     Hab.  ? —  \^  =  Macoma  seda,  Conr.] 

Tellina  Japoiiica,  Desh.,  in  Mus.  Cum.  [also  appears  to  be  M.sfcta.  jun.]. 

In  Yalonciennes'  plates  to  the  Vo\-.  Vcn.  have  been  recognized  tlie  follow- 
ing West  Coa.st  species  and  synonyms,  in  addition  to  those  quoted  in  Hep. 
pp.  20.'i-204:— 

PUte.  Fig. 

3  2.    Trochtis  ditidmiafus,  Val.  [resembles  Pomnulnx  mulosux,  jun..  but  the  sur- 

face is  faintly  wrinkled  all  over;    umbilical  re<iion  not  chiseled:    and 
operc.  not  ridged.     It  is  irobably  intended  for  Pac/ij/ponia  yibberosuml^. 

4  1.    Trocfius  ruhiffiuosti,i,  Yfil.  [probably  =  F.  a«««//rt/Ms,  Mart.]. 

2.  Trochus  pel/ucidus,  \ii[.  [resembles  T.  lima,  Vanamnl. 
0    3.  Buccinii?n  Prerostii,  \a.\.  lTpTohiih\y  =  I'isii»iiipaffodus]. 

8  1.  Purpura  bufomdes,  Val.  [appears  one  of  the  many  vars.  of  P.  biserialis]. 

9  1.  Purjmra  i-uprstris,  YrI.  [j^Toh&h\\  =: 3f»noceros  luffubre,  mn.]. 

10     1.  Murex  acimliifer,  Val.  [^is  represented  with  labral  tooth  and  closed  canal ; 
but  resembles  C.  festtvus.  lids.]. 

3.  Mure.i'  tortum  (Brod.),  Val.  [resembles  Ph.  princeps,  with  a  very  poor 

operc.,  badly  drawn]. 

16  1.    Venu.$  Thmuirm,  Val.  [? =muUicostata,  Shy. ;   figured  with  very  broad, 

smooth,  close  ribs,  scarcely  indented,  except  in  the  middle]. 
3.    Venu-t  pcrfutindoides,  Val.  [is  probably  T.  grata,  not  histriontca]. 

17  2.   Cardiutn  svhelongatum  (live.),  Val.  [appearsssC.  ;>roccrj//n,  jun.]. 

18  2.  Pecten  comatus,  ^'al.  (may  he=ha}<tatu»,]\in. ;  but,  althoufrh  figured  with 

out  the  red  spot,  it  most  resembles  Hin.  gigattteus,  jun.]. 

19  1.  Pecten  rrcavatm,  Val.  l=Janira  dentata,  Sby.l. 
3.       „      jwmatia,  \'ii\.[nmy  he  =  P.ventricomt8,  jan.']. 


4. 
21 
22    1. 


„      rastellinnm,  Val.  [  =  P.  ha^atus,  \\xn.\ 
Ontrea  gallus,  Val.  ["  Acapulco,"  with  large  Y^d±es,=:0.megcdon,  Ilan!.]. 
Cardita  arcella,  Val.  [?=  Ven.  radiata,  Shy.]. 


2.  „       modulosa  (\j»m.),\fi\.  \^  =  Lazaria  ajfinis], 

3.  „      Umjida  (Lam.),  Val.  [=  Ven.  laticostuta], 
5.         „       Michelini,  \'al.  [=  V.  Cuvieri]. 

23  2,  Kimda  divaricatn,  \'al.  [probably  =  A^.  cantrengis], 

24  1.  Penitella  Couiadi,  Val.  lm&\  hn  =  Pholadidea  oioideal, 

u 


0\  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  529 

.  Plate.  Fig. 

2.  PmtteUa  xilophnga,  Yal.  [may  be  the  ndiilt  of  fipr.  4], 

3.  Penitel  a  tiihigera,  Val.  [may  possibly  be  intended  for  Ph.  penita], 

4.  Pholas  rostrata,  Val.  [is  probably = 3 etes^wno  Daminii,  8by.  jun.]. 

6.  Ungulina  hdicola,\ fA.  [may  be  an  extremely  bad  Petricola  robustaj. 
.    6.  Corhulu  luticola,  \.i\.  [is  \iTo\ia\AY  =  Sphceniafragilis]. 

7.  Bornia  luticola,  Val.  \  —  Kellia  Laperoussii], 

8.  Saricava  clava,  Val.  [  =  >S'.  legumen,  Uesh.,  =  S.pholadi«,  var.]. 

The  identification  of  these  species  ia  attended  with  great  uncertainty,  as 
the  types  have  not  been  seen,  and  the  artist  appears  to  have  studied  effect 
rather  than  accuracy. 

42.  Voyage  of  Sulphur. — The  tj^es  of  these  species  appear  to  have  been 
scattered.  Only  a  part  are  now  to  be  found  in  the  vcrj-  valuable  collection 
of  Admiral  Sir  E.  Belcher,  in  which  most  of  the  shells  are,  unfortunately, 
destitute  both  of  names  and  of  locality-marks. 

Mure.v  Belcheri  [belongs  to  Purpuridas,  and  may  be  considered  the  type  of 
the  genus  Chorus]. 

Ranella  Ccdifornica.  [After  comparing  a  series  with  the  Cumingian  speci- 
mens of  li.  ventricosa,  it  appears  that  the  diagnostic  characters  are  not  con- 
stant.] 

MarghulJa  snpotilla.  [The  type  in  Mus.  Cuming  is  much  smaller  than 
the  ordinary  condition  of  M.  p>>'unum=crerulescens.  Lam.,  to  which  species 
the  common  Panama  shells  were  referred  by  Mr.  Cuming.  In  his  collection, 
however,  they  stand  thus : — Ordinary  Panamic  type  "  sapotiUa,  Hds. :  5-13 
fras.,  sandy  mud,  Panama,  H.C."  Another  tablet  of  the  true  Panama  shells 
"  Manjinella,  n.  sp.,  Panama," — "  San  Domingo  "  having  been  crossed  out. 
The  small  West  Indian  form,  analogous  to  the  tj-pical  sapotiUa,  is  given  as 
*' qlnns,  Mke."  The  large  West  Indian  shells,  with  violet  tinge  behind  the 
labrnm,  are  "  ctrrulescens,  Lam.,  Panama,"  without  authoritj".  Another  series 
of  the  W.  Indian  type  is  given  as  "  ccprulescens,  var..  Lam.,  10  fms.,  sandy 
mud,  Panama,"  without  authority.  Either  habitat-errors  have  crept  into  the 
Cumingian  labels,  or  else  Mr.  lledpath's  observation  will  not  hold,  viz.  that 
the  Atlantic  shells  have  a  posterii  r  pinch  on  the  labrum,  which  is  not  seen 
in  the  Pacific.  All  the  authentic  series  examined  from  the  two  coasts  bear 
out  his  view.  There  wiU  be  two  opinions  as  to  whether  this  be  more  than 
a  mere  local  distinction.] 

Solarium  quadriceps.  [On  comparing  suites  of  S.  granuhsum  from  the 
Texan  coast  with  series  from  the  Gulf  of  California,  it  appeared  that  on  each 
side  of  the  Peninsula  the  shells  went  through  similar  changes  in  strength  of 
sculpture,  size  of  umbilicus,  number  of  spiral  granules,  &c. ;  nor  could  any 
clue  be  obtained  by  which  the  coasts  could  be  separated  in  a  mixed  collection. 
Hinds's  shell  stands  at  the  furthest  extreme  of  removal  from  S.  granulatum.'] 

43.  U.  S.  Exploring  E.vpedition. — The  shells  of  this  collection  M'ere  depo- 
sited in  the  Patent  Office  in  Washington,  D.C.,  where,  notwithstanding  the 
great  care  of  Mr.  Varden,  the  curat6r,  they  were  not  a  little  tampered-with. 
I)r.  Gould  laboured  under  great  difficulties  in  his  work  of  description  ;  he 
had  access  only  to  that  part  of  the  collection  which  happened  to  be  unpacked 
and  exposod  to  view  during  the  brief  period  that  his  professional  engagements 
allowed  of  his  visiting  the  capital ;  and  his  request  to  be  allowed  to  take 
doubtful  shells  to  Europe  for  identification  was  refused.  The  materials  also 
were  of  an  unsatisfactory  kind,  a  large  proportion  of  the  specimens  being 
much  weathered,  and  many  of  the  locality-marks  being  manifestly  erroneous. 
If  occasional  errors  have  been  detected  in  his  great  work,  they  may  fairly  be 
»et  down  to  causes  over  which  the  author  had  no  control.     Many  of  these 

18G3.  U  -.^ 


530  REPORT — 1863. 

have  been  corrected  by  Dr.  Gould  himself,  in  his  *  Otia  Conchologica,' 
Boston,  1862,  which  contains  the  various  papers  in  the  'Proceedings  of  tne 
Boston  Soc.  of  Xiit.  Hist.,'  with  an  appendix.  After  the  organization  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  all  the  natural-history  collections  belonging  to  the 
Federal  Government  were  transferred  to  its  keeping,  with  liberty  to  exchange 
duplicates.  The  shells  remained  unopened,  and  the  types  not  accessible,  till, 
at  the  request  of  Professor  Henry,  I  undertook  the  arrangement  of  the  col- 
lections. Fortunately,  a  considerable  part  of  the  shells  professing  to  be 
the  figured  tj-pes  of  the  new  species  were  found  together,  with  the  artist's 
marks  corresponding  with  the  plates  and  figures.  The  result  of  the  exami- 
nation, so  far  as  the  general  collection  is  concerned,  svUl  shortly  be  prepared 
for  the  press  ;  it  is  sufficient  here  to  tabulate  the  observations  on  the  N.W. 
American  species,  which  were,  as  it  happened,  the  most  satisfactorily  pre- 
served in  the  whole  series.  The  following  additional  particulars  include  the 
*'  Rectifications  "  in  the  '  Otia,'  the  paging  of  which  is  continued  from  the 
"  Expedition  Shells  "  quoted  in  Rep.  p.  209.  The  quarto  volume  quoted  ia 
p.  210  is  distinguished  as  "  E.  E.  Mollusca."  The  folio  atlas  of  plates  bears 
date  on  title  1856,  but  was  not  published  till  18G1,  teste  Binn.  Bibl.  vol.  i« 
p.  504.     The  comparisons  of  types  were  made  in  1860,  from  a  proof  copy. 

Otia,  Page. 

3.   Chiton  lignoxiis^-l^Mopalict]  3Ierckii,  Midd.,  test.  Gld.  E.  E.  Moll,  [from 
worn  specimens  :=  Ch.  3Iontereyensis,  Cpr.,  from  perfect  shells.] 
230.   Chiton  {ChfBtopleura)  vespertiims.     Perhaps  =CA.  liffnosus,  \ar.     [A  3/o- 
palia,  difiering  slightly  in  the  amount  of  posterior  wave.     The  fig.  in 
E.  E.  Moll,  is  made-up  from  broken  specimens.] 

6,  242,   Chiton  (Onithochiton)  dcntiens.     [The  shell  sent  as  t}"pe  of  this  species, 

and  all  the  others  seen  from  the  coast,  agree  in  belonging  to  Ischnochiton, 
and  are  not  dentate,  as  would  be  presumed  from  the  figures  and  dia<r- 
nosis.  As  Dr.  Gould's  toothed  Onithochiton  may  hereafter  be  foimd,  the 
Smithsonian  shells  have  been  named  Isch.  pseudodentienK.'\ 
♦,  242.  Chiton  (Chcftopleura)  miiscosus.  \^  =  Acanthoplvura  inuscosa,  II.  &  A.  Ad. 
Gen.,=  CA.  omafm,  Nutt.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  2S2,  + Mopalia  consiinilis, 
Nutt.  MS.  in  B.  M.  This  beautiful  species  is  a  true  Moj>alia.~\ 
230.  Chiton  (Leptorhiton)  interstindus.  Resembles  C.  Sit/'hmsis,  Midd.  [=Cal- 
lochiton  i.,  H.  &  A.  Ad.,  Gen.  It  is  a  true  Ischnochiton.  The  genera  of 
Chitonidae  cannot  always  be  ascertained  by  external  characters  alone,  as 
indicated  in  Messrs.  .Vdams's  genera.  All  the  species  in  the  Smithsonian 
Museum  have  been  dissected.] 

7,  242.  Patella  {T<'ctura)Jimhriata=P.  ctni    Rve.  [^=:Acmeea pelfa,  Each.]. 
9,  242.  Patella  (Nacella)  instahi/is.     [Varies  greatly  in  proportions.  I 

9,  242.  Lottia  (Tectura)  jnntadina.  [The  types  represent  the  normal  condition  of 
Acnuea  patina.  One  variety  is  A.  eribraria,  Gld.  MS.  The  speci- 
mens of  A.  fnesjkuca  intermixed  by  Dr.  G.  in  the  Mexican  War  collec- 
tions were,  no  doubt,  affiliated  by  an  oversight.] 

10,  243.  Patella  {Tectura)  teutilie  is  a  var.  of  T.  persona,  Esch.  [A  well-marked 
form  of  delicate  growth,  passing  from  A.  persona  into  A.  peltn,  var. ; 
from  the  young  of  which  some  specimens  can  hardly  be  distinguished, 
except  by  the  fretted  pattern.] 

10,  243.  Patella  ( Tectura^  scabra^spectntm  (Nutt.),  Rve.,  not  scabra  (Nutt.),  Rve. 
[The  type-specimens  belong  to  two  species,  f.  456,  466a,  being  A.  spec- 
trum, Xutt.,  while  450i  represents  the  flattened  variety  of  A.  persona, 
Escli.  (approaching  the  form  digitalis,  Esch.).  As  the  diagnosis  best 
accords  with  the  latter  shell,  P.  scabra,  Gld.,  may  stand  as  a  synonym  of 
persona,  var. ;  the  intermixed  specimen,  accidentallv  figured  as  belonging 
to  the  species,  being  removed  to  siwctrum,  Nutt.  Thus  the  name  scabra, 
not  beinsr  needed  as  first  described,  will  remain  for  Nuttall's  species, 
described  by  live.,  but  firet  named  in  print  by  Jay.] 

16 


ON  MOtLUSCA  OF  THE  WKST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  531 

Jt'«.  Page. 

1<3.  Crepidula  lituftdata.     [Described  from  a  worn  specimen.     Perfect  shells 

cannot  be  separated  from  C.  hilubata,  Kve.,=  C'.  ?  dorsata,  var.  bilubata, 
Miiz.  Cat.,  nor  from  the  siippos  d  C.  dormta  in  Mas.  Cnni.] 
is.  Crepidula  numtnaria.     [Descrioed  from  an  aberrant,  worn,  and  rounded 

specimen.     The  normal  state  is  C.  navicelloides,  Niitt.     "When  gvowii 
in  hollow  bivalves,  it  becomes  nummana :  the  contrary  extreme,  irrown 
in  crj'pts  of  borers,  with  another  shell  or  crab  over  it,  is  erphuiata, 
Gld.,  =  exuviata,  ^ utt., =perforans,  Val.      The  Les-ionoid  form   i.H    ('. 
fimhriata,  Rve.     The  young  appears  to  be  V.  minuta,  Midd.     But  the 
"  C.  numtnaria,  Old.,"  of  Mus.  Cum.,  is  quite  a  distinct  species,  not  known 
from  the  American  coast.] 
50,  244.  Katicu  (Lunatia)  caurina+  |   r      r        ii-j     t>     p   eu    t 
OO,  244.  Xafica  (Lunatia)  .oluta         \  ^  =  ^-  P""''^"'  ^'-  *  ^^y-^- 
50,  244.  Aatica  (Lunntia)  a/>/ida ;  "  R.  Negro,"  E.  E.  Shells ;  "  Oregon,"  E.  E.  Mo'l. 
[vere:=youngof  L.  Lew isii, did.,  July  1847,  =  7y.  herri)l(cu, y\kld.,  184'Jl. 
52.  Lacuna  carinata,  Old.,  Nov.  1848  \L.  soliduki,  Lov.,  184(?.     Finmark]. 

o2,24o.  Litorina  patula,  Gld.  [non  Jetfr.],  Mar.  \SVd,—L.p!anaxis  [Nutt.l,  Phil., 

1847. 
LH,    53.  Litorina  lepida,  scutulata,  et  2)lena  [are  shown  by  lai-ge  series  to  be  varietita 

of  one  species]. 
09.  Litorina  cincta,  Old.,  Aug.  1847,  Puget  Sd.  [  =  L.  Sifrhann,  Pliil.,  1845. 

This  species  appears  to  have  been  ovei-looked  in  the  K.  \L  Moll.] 
61.  Cerithium  irroratuni,  Gld.  [=  C.  ohesuni,  Shy.  sen.,  teste  II.  (Jiimiiig.     Tho 

type  proves  this  to  be  an  E.  I.  species,  and  not  the  Panamic  C  utercug- 
mu-scanim,  Val.,  as  supposed  bv  Dr.  (ild.  :  v.  C.  V'.  Ad.  in  loeo^. 
C2.  Cerithium  Jilomm,  Old.,  May  1840  [=  rurritel/a  Eschrirhtii,  Midd.,  1849, 

{Bittium).  Comp.  C.Jilosum,  V\n\.,  Z.  f.  M.  1848,  p.  84.     California]. 
04,  245.  Fusus  (liela)Jidicula. 

(H,  245.  Fubiis  {Troj)hnn)  Orphem  [(non  Raird.)  =  T.  Fabricii,  ^loll.,  in  T5r.  Mus.] 
(J7,  245.  Buccinum  {Nansa,  s.  g.  Tritia)  fo»<atunt.     Ctpsia  in  Ind.  p.  253.     [  =  3'. 

elegans,  Rve.,  1842,  non  Dujardin  :   =Zaphon  e.,  Add.1. 
70,245.  Kassn  (Tritia)  mendica=JV.  Wooilwardi,  Fbs.,  1850  [^from  types:-|-A"l 

Gibbesii,  Coop.]. 
71,  245.  Columbcllu  (Aha)  gaitmpafa.     [Belongs  to  the  Nassoid  group,  Ami/cln.] 
75.  ^-t!/"  pracisa  \_  =  M.  truncata.     Scarcely  even  a  variety  j  but  approaches 

the  fomi  Aldrovandi.] 
7G,  245.  Lutraria  (Tresus)  capax.     [Dr.  G.  re%'ives his  excellent  name;  L.  maxima, 
Jonas,  1844,  being  anterior  to  Midd.      Conrad's  name,  Miizot/icerus 
Kuttallii,  is,  however,  very  much  earlier.] 
77,  24G.   Ostvodesma  (Lyonsia)  hrartmtum  [+0.  nifidum,  Old.,  in  different  states 
of  preservation,  =  Z.  Californica,  Con'-    The  "golden  niiere  "  of  O.  brac- 
tcatunt  is  due  to  incipient  decay,  tis  t:<nerally  happens  in  .Anoniiads"!. 
£3,  24G.    Cardita  (Actinobolus)  ventricom.     [Appears  to  be  a  local  variety  of  the 
ancient  Miocene  species,  Venericardia  borealiis;+C.  occidentalis,  Conr., 
+  C.  subtenta,  Conr.  (fossil)  probably.] 
83.  Cardium  bfandum,  1850.    [A  finely  grown  ?vnr.  of  C  C(difornienxr,  Desh., 

18.'i0,  Midd.  (non  C.  Californianutn, Conr.,  1837,  =  coi-bis,  var. )  =  (\pset/dc>^ 
fossile,  Rve.,  1844.     The  name  is  so  like  the  preoccupied  Californianum 
that  it  may  advantageously  be  dropped.] 
8&  Venus  ritjida,  1850  [non  DiUw.  1817.     It  is  fortunate  that  the  name  is 

not  needed,  as  the  author  has  joined  two  verj-  different  species,  both 
of  which  have  other  names.  The  original  Latin  diagnosis  applies  to  the 
rough  northern  fonn  of  Tapes  staminea,  Conr.,  which  is  the  Sa.iidomi.s 
Petitii  of  Desh.,  and  includes  V.  rttderata,  Desh.  But  the  "  specimen, 
3^  in.  long,"  which  modified  the  description  in  the  E.  E.  Moll.,  &rd  is 
figured  at  f.  538,  proves  to  be  the  adult  form  of  Tapes  tcncrrima,  ».'nr.- 
P.  Z.  S.  July  1856.  which  is  a  Califomian  and  not  a  Panamic  species, 
as  had  been  supposed  from  Col.  Jewett's  label]. 
PT,  24G.  Anodonta  cognatn  —  A.  Oregonensis,  Lea  (prol)ably). 
87.  Aiwdonta  feminalis  [=..4.  anr/ulata,  var.,  teste  Lea]. 

2  n 


532  K^poBT— 18G3. 

Otia,  Page. 
83.  Mytihts  (Mo(1iola')JI(ihellafus.     [The  nortlipni  form  o^  ^ro(lio'nrerfn,Cmt, 

The  *'  specimens  from  the  Gnil"  of  California  "  must  have  been  M.  lira- 

zUii-nsis,  intermixed  by  accident.] 
94.  Mt/tiltis  trossu/us  [is  scarcely  a  variety  of  3/.  edidis,  whicli  is  very  abui.dnnt 

along  tlie  coast,  under  its  usual  modifications  of  forau  and  colour;  but 

generally  of  small  size]. 
9o.  Pecti'ti  hericms,  Gld.  [=P-  hasfntus,  Sby.  sen.]. 

07,  24G.    7'ercbrafiila  (  Wahlheimia)  pnlvinata. 
97,  241).   Terebratula  {Terebratella)  caurina. 
E.  E.  MolL 

Pagp. 

1 1.?.  Ph)wrhis  corpiilentm  is  of  Say. 

14-"<.  Melanin  plicifera  is  of  Lea. 

4^')l».  Aitodonta  wigulata  is  of  I^ea. 

2'JO.  iScalaria  Vnu-stralis  [is  abimdantly  confirmed  from  tht  Vancouver  district. 

It  should  be  called  Opulia  borealix,  Old.]. 
244.  Purjnira  ostrina,  Gld.,  'Otia,' p.  225  [is  an  aberrant  smooth  var.  of  P. 

lapillus,  Coop.,  non  Ln. ;  the  normal  state  boing  P.  saxicoht,  Val.]. 

The  following  species,  described  in  the  '  Otia '  and  '  E.  E.  Moll.'  as  from  *  IS. 
Zealand  '  and  an  unknown  locality,  are  really  from  Puget  Sound. 

Otia,  Page. 

60,  24o.   Trochm  pupillw),  Gld.,  M.areh  1849:  N.  Zealand  (Zizipln'nttx  in  Index)  :  = 
Miirtptrita  calodoma,  A.  Ad.,  1851.  Coiiip.  T.  iiiodesfus,  Midd.  [which 
is,  however,  = //(/«/»«,  Gld.,  =  ros/ff^Ms,  Mart.    Tliis  species  is  named  in 
the  B.  M.  Col.  ""  M.  costellala,  Sby.,"  but  is  distinct,  teste  A.  Ad.  & 
Mus.  Cum.]. 
64,  21.'>.  Ftmis    (^Xeptunted)   iticmis,   Gld.,   May   1840.    Iliib. ? —      [=Tn'tv7uitm 
(^Fusus)  Sitchense,  Midd.,  \%\^,  =  Bitccinum  dinim,  Kve.,  184(3.] 
B.  A.  Rep. 
I'age. 

210.  Veyitis  calcarea  Tis  correctly  described  by  Dr.  G.  as  from  N.  Zealand; 

although  quoted  by  him  as  the  (Jregon  analogue  of  V.  viercenariuj. 

211.  Tclliiia  Ctdifoniica,  Conr.  \_  =  3Iacoma  inconspicutt]. 

211.   Triton  tiffr'num  [is  from  Central  America,  nut]  Puget  Sd. 
211.  Pvcten  Fabricii,  Phil,  [is  the  young  of  Isl'tndicus  :  Dr.  G.'s  shells  are  the 
young  of  P.  ("  ritbidus,  ?var.")  Hindsii\ 

211.  Fustis cancellinus.    [Ur.  G.'s  shells  are  Ocimbra,  var.  aspera.'\ 

212.  Purpura  Uij/enn,  Gld.  [MS.,  is  probably  saricola,  var.]. 

213.  Pecten  Touiisendi  [has  not  been  identified]. 

213.    Venus  ampliata  [is  believed  by  Dr.  G.  to  have  been  first  designated  by  him 
as  a  species,  afterwards  proved  =  ri]y/rfa  (Petitii),  var.]. 

44.  Middendorff. — The  synonymy  given  in  Hep.  pp.  214-222  is  that  of 
the  author,  not  of  the  writer  of  the  Report,  who  is  by  no  moans  prepared  to 
accept  the  learned  doctor's  identification  of  species.  The  three  Chitons  quoted 
with  doubt  from  Tilesius  have  not  been  confirmed,  as  from  Kamtschatka,  by 
any  other  writer.  The  Ch.  (jifiantms  has  the  aspect  of  the  large  Ischnochiton 
Magdalensis  ;  the  Ch.  muricatits  belongs  to  the  Lophyrus  group,  which  is  not 
known  so  far  north  ;  and  the  Cli.  setosus  has  also  a  S.  American  aspect.  The 
treatise  "  De  Chitone  Gif/anteo  Camtschatico  atlditamentum  ad  Zoographiam 
llosso-Asiaticum,  auctore  Tilesio,"  was  read  March  19,  1S23,  and  published 
in  1824.  It  contains  a  verj-  vahiable  and  (for  that  period)  remarkable  account 
of  the  anatomy  of  Chitons,  but  it  docs  not  profess  to  name  and  describe  species 
in  the  modern  sense.  The  names,  therefore,  had  bettor  bo  dropped.  Midden- 
dorfTs  new  species  were  first  described  in  the  '  Bulletin  de  la  Classe  Physico- 
Mathematique  de  I'Academie  Imperiale  des  Sciences  de  St.  Petersbourg,'  a 
work  of  which  few  complete  copies  are  known  in  England,  under  the  follow- 
ing dates. 

April  20,  1847:  vol.  vi.  No.  8  (total  number  123). 

18 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  533 

Column. 

llti.   CJiifon  Steflcn'.  n.  9.,=  C.  amiculatits,  Sby.,  Rve.,  non  Pallas. 

117.   Chiton  Pa/lnsii,  n.  8. 

117.  Chiton  Brandtii,  n.  8. 

118.  Chiton  Mert4ntii,  n.  s.  [Igchnochitonl. 

118.  Chiton  Eschscholtzii,  n.  s. 

119.  Chiton  WosnessenskiifXi.a.     [A  typical  J/bw/w  :  mantle  indented  beliind.] 
ll'O.   Chiton  Merckii,  n.  s.  \_=Ch.  liynosas,  Uld.,  July  18Mi:  =  JIopiilia  Montcrci/en- 

sis,  Cpr.]. 

120.  Chiton  tivulm,  n.  s. 

121.  Chiton  scrobictilntus,  n.  8.,  California. 
121.    Chiton  Sitchensis,  n.  s. 

Nov.  1847  (read  April  28):  vol.  vi.  No.  20  (total  number  140). 

317.  Patella  (?Acmfpa)  ancyloides,  n.  a.     [Probably  a  delicately  gi'own  ymm<^ patitin  : 

the  diagnosis,  however,   suits   tt.vtifi.s.     Name  afterwards  altered  to  jnr- 
souoidfti,  to  distingnisli  from  Propilidiuin  nnri/loide,  ¥hs.\ 

318.  Pati'lla   (?Acmfpa)  (enxjinosa,  w.s.     [ Probably =<fjr<j7j«,  Gld.,  1846;  but  the 

fifrure  is  more  like  scabra,  Nutt.] 
318.  Patella  (?  AcmcBa) pileolus,  n.  a.    [Probably  the  joim;? of  A.pelta ;  but  assigned 
in  Mus.  Cum.  to  a  very  ditierent  shell,  =  .4.  rosacea,  Cpr.J 

318.  Patella  (?Acni(ea)  Asmi,  n.  s.     [A  specimen  of  A.  pelta,  in  Dr.  Cooper's  col- 

lection, began  life  as  A.  Asmt.] 
311).  Patella  {?Acma:a)  caca;  genuiua,  vertice  erecto,  Atlantic. 

319.  Patella  (?Acm^a)  ceeca,  var.  concentrica ;  vertice  subiuHexo ;  with  crowded 

lamellpe  of  growth. 
1849 ;  read  Oct.  U,  1848  :  vol.  vii.  No.  IGO.     "  Vorlaiifige  Anzeige  einiger  neuei 
Konchylien  aus  den  Gescblechtem  :  Litoriu  ',  &c.,  von  Dr.  A.  Th.  v.  MidJendortf." 
241no.  1.  Litorina  grandis.     [The  specimens  in  B.  M.  and  Mus.  Cum.  appear  to 

represent  a  large  var.  of  L.  litorea.l 
242       2.  Litorina  Kurila  (like  tenehrom). 

24.i      3.  Litorina  subtenebrosa.     [Probably  an  extreme  var.  of  i.  Sitchana.'\ 
24^i      4.   Tritonium  {  Vtisus)  antiquum,  Ln.,  var.  Behringiana. 
24^3       5.   Tritonium  (Fusus)  Behringii. 
24^3      6.   Tritonium  (Fusvs)  Baerii. 
244      7.  Tritonium  (Fusus)  Sitchcnse  [probably  =  CI%r.  </tV«?,  Rve.,  var. ;  but  stated 

to  be  "  e  livido  viridesceute ;  columella  sa?piu8  umbilicata"J. 
244      8.  Tritonium  (Fusus)  luridum  [=  Vituhiria  as^Kra,  Baird,  smooth  form]. 
244       9.   Tritimium  (Bucrinum)  simplex. 

244  10.   Tritonium  (Burcinum)  Ochotense. 

24.5     11.   Tritonium  (Buccinum)  vmlutum,  Linn.,  var.  Schantarica. 

245  12.    Tritonium  (Buccinum)  ooides. 

245  13.  Bullia  ampullacea  [is  the  genus  Volutharpa  of  Fi.«cher]. 

246  15.  Natica  hercuheu,  N  orth  California  [  =  i.  Leivisii,  Gld.,  .luly  1847]. 
240     16.  Margarita  arctica,  Leach,  var.  major. 

In  the  text  of  the  4to  volumes,  the  following  corrections  are  suggested,  the 
numbers  referring  to  the  page  in  the  B.  A.  Report  which  contains  the  abstract. 

Report,  215.  Aanaa  scutum,  D'Orb.  [is  quite  distinct  from  A.  persona,  Esch.  The 
latter,  as  figured  by  Midd.,  is. a  very  young  shell,  not  certainly  be- 
longing to  the  species]. 

216.  Turritella  Eschrichtii.  [=J5//^«wm.;?/os?OH,  Gld.,  May  1849.  Thera 
being  no  month-date  to  Midd. 's  species,  the  excellent  name  of  Gld., 
which  may  also  be  of  Phil.  1848,  should  be  retained.] 

216.  Trochus  ater  and  mcestus  [are  well-marked  South  American  species. 
Probably  the  shells  intended  are  Chlorostoma  funcbrah;  A.  Ad., 
and  its  congeners.] 

216.   Trochus  eurgomphalus  [  =  Phorrtts  pidligo,  Mart.,  teste  Dohml. 

216.   Trochus  modestus,  Md.  l=filosus,\\d.,  =  Calliostoma  costatum,  Martyn"'. 

21(».   Trochus  (  Turbo  ^  Fokkesii  [is  from  the  peninsula  of  Lower  Cal.]. 

216.  Natica  flava,  Gld.  ["  is  entirely  ditlereut  from  any  of  the  synonyms 
under  it,"  teste  Old.]. 

19 


534  REPORT — 18G3. 

ilypoit,  210.  Scalarta  Ochntenm's  [appears  an  aberrant  Opalla;  but  is  the  genus 
Aeirta  of  Morch,  closely  allied  to  Mcntilia,  teste  A.  Ad.]. 

21 G.  Crfjiidiila  ^^itchatia  [ia  figured  like  the  voud'T  of  i/ruudis ;  but  the 
specimens  in  Mus.  Cum.,  when  compared  with  the  similar  st.ige  of 
v.  excavittu,  display  no  dillierences  either  inside,  outside,  or  in  the 
nuclear  whorls]. 

SIT).   C)<indula  viinuta  [appears  the  young  of  C.  naricelhiiilvs,  Xutt.] 

210.  Cniuihila  f/randis  [fossil  at  Sta.  Barbai'a,  =  C.  priiict-jhi,  Com-.  Can 
hai-dly  be  distinguished  from  very  fine  specimens  oi  C  furnkuta, 
sent  from  Halifax,  Xova  Scotia,  by  Mr.  Willes]. 

217.   Trichotrojm  cancvUata,  lids,  [is  quite  distinct  from  T.  borealis']. 

217.  Purpura  decvmcostata,  Midd.  [  =  7*.  c«^/a/jCM/a<a,  Duel.  Var.  =P.  aN 
tenuata,  live.     Var.  =  P.  analoya,  Fbs.] 

217.  Tritonium  (Trnphon)  clathratum,  Ln.  [is  distinct  from  the  shouldered 
3/.  midticmfatus,  Esch.,=  6'M«/im,  Lov.]. 

217.  Triionitnn    {Fuhuh)  decemcostatum   [=C%r.  yiiddi-ndurffii,  Cooper= 

Chr.  liratus,  Martyn.] 

218.  Tritonium    (Buccinitni)  cancelhdum    [Midd.,   non]    Lam.    \_  =  l'riene 

Orcffonensis,  Kedf.     P.  cancilhda  is  the  Cape  Horn  species.     .Some 
specimens  in  alcohol  in  Sir  E.  Belcher's  collection,  however,  said 
to  be  from  Icy  Cape,  grestdy  resemble  the  southern  shelF. 
218.   Tritonium  (I'ollia)  scahrtah  [is  exclusively  a  S.  American  sliell.     Dr. 
M.'s  shell  may  have  been  Ocituhrn,  var.  asperal. 

218.  Pecten  rubiduSfllds.  [non  yi&vt\n,  =  P.  Islandicui,  Mull.    Midd."8pl.l.3. 

f.  1-3  are  marked  m  expl.  of  plates  "  Miindicus,  var.  IMu-imjiana ;  " 
they  are  probably  ('"  rnhidiis,  rvar.")  Iliiidsii.  But  the  fi^s.  4-G 
are  certainly  the  young  of  Hinnites  yiijanteus]. 

219.  Venertipis  f/if/antca.     [Decorticated  specimens  of  Sa.ridomus  squ(didus.'\ 
210.  Pf'frico/a  (jilhu.  [Elongated  iormoici/iindr<ice(i,D(iS>h.,=cardi(oidis,\ic:  J 

219.  MacJucru  costata.     [The  figures  represent  M.  pidula,  Dixon.] 

220.  Cinf/uhi  viinuta  ["  is  quite  distinct  from  Ilydrohia  ulcfe,"  teste  Gld.], 
220.    J'thdina  cri/ptospira.     [Probably  a  LrnncKuria.'] 

220.  Purpura  Frci/cincttii,  Desli.  [is  quite  distinct  from  attenuatn.  Bve.    It 

is  doubtful  wliether  Midd.'s  shells  belong  to  Desh.'s  species]. 

221.  Ttri-hratuhi  frontalis,  Midd.  1851,  named  in  1849,  [may  be  the  young 

of  Waldhiimia  Coreunica,  Ad.  &  live.,  ISoO,  =■  Terebratellu  miniatu, 
Old.,  1800,  teste  A.  Ad.,  Rve.]. 
221.  Antarte  lactva,  ( ild.  [is  distinct  from  A.  Scotica,  teste  Gld.]. 

221.  TiUina  fuscu.  Say  [is  distinct  from  T.  solidida,  though  it  niay=  T.  hnl- 

thica  ;  teste  (ild.  Macoma  inconsjncua,  Br.  &  Sbv.,  is  distinct  from 
both]. 

222.  Li/onsia  hyalina  [is  distinct  from  L.  Norre(jica\ 

222.  Macheera  costata,  Say.  [Dr.  Gould  does  not  believe  that  any  of  Midd.'s 
synonyms  belong  to  this  species.  iS ili-n  nn-diits,  in  Br.  Mus.,  appears 
=  6'.  unibiguus,  Lam.,  as  figured  by  Swains.     It  is  not  a  Macheera.'] 

45.  Samarancj. — Litonna  castanea,  Ad.  &  Rve.,  1850.  "  Eastern  Seas," 
p.  49,  pi.  11.  f.  8  [appears  identical  with  L.  SitcMna,  Phil.]. 

46.  E.  B.  PhUlppi. — CohimbeUn  tceniata,  Phil.,  1846  [is  prohably  identical 
with  Anachis  Guskuinei,  Cpr.  But  C  tceniata,  Ad.  »fe  Eve.,  1850,  is  perhaps 
a  yitidella]. 

47.  The  "  Mexican  War  Naturalists.'" — These  were  Major  Rich  and  Tiei;.t. 
(ireen.  Col.  E.  Jewctt  was  not  connected  with  the  war,  as  would  be  supposed 
from  the  introduction  to  Dr.  Gould's  pamphlet.  The  following  corrections 
apply  to  the  new  species  tabulated  in  Rep.,  pp.  226-228.  The  species  of  (iould 
bear  date  April  1852  (teste  Otia,  p.  184)  and  Nov.  1851  (Otia,  p.  210);  the 
others,  July  1856. 

No. 

3.  Corbuhi  poh/chroma  i  =  C.  hiradiafa,  var.]. 

7.  2'ellina  term  \_=  Mucouia  misuta,  jun.     Cal.,  not  Pan.]. 

20 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  Oi    NORTH  AMERICA.  533 

Vo. 
8.   TeUlna  piira  [sJf.  Mnzatlanica,  '^\m.  T)esh.,  Mus.  Cum.]. 

11.  iJoniu  Jlextiosm  [^  =  D.  Laniaickh,  Defh.,  in  B.  M.]. 

l.'{.   finathodon  metidicm  [_=i(i.  trit/ouuin,  Pet.,  May  1853]. 

15.  Iliiefa  unduhita  [is  distinct  from  Ilundla  clci/rim], 

liO.   Cordium  lufcotubriim  [=6'.  qriudragi'iiarimn,  Cour.]. 

L*l.   CanUum  crtientatum  l  =  Liocardiiun  mhstriatum,  Conr.]. 

"21.  MwUola  nitfus  [  =  A/.  suhjttirpiirviis,  >[u.->.  Cum.,  Hud  is  not  fromCal.]. 

28.  Auida  f(dc(dn.  [The  locality  of  ^Ir.  Cuming's  specimens  ha.s  nut  been  con- 
firmed.    For  "  .species,"  in  note,  read  "  spfcinien-i.'' j 

31.  Lhna  tetrica.  [The  specimens  from  the  Mediterranean,  VV.  Indies,  Gulf  Cal., 
and  Pacific  Islands  were  all  named  L.  squamosa  by  Mr.  Cuming.] 

3-3.  Balimus  vcsicalis  ( nom.  prcoc. )  =  5.  siiffltdiis,  '  Otia,'  p.  184. 

40.  Xdci'da pideacva.    [Col.  Jewett'.s  specinifn.s  appear  distinct  from  X.  dvpicta,\\A^.'\ 

41.  Tioc/iiis  murcidus.     [Thi.s  shell  was  called  Omphaliux  I'fiiffcri  by  Mr.  Ciiminy, 

from  the  resemblance  of  the  figure,  in  which  the  umlnliciis  appears  keeled  ; 
but  the  shell  marked  '  type,'  answering  to  the  diagnosis,  along  with  '  Chloro- 
stoma'  niaculoston,  A.  Ad.,  are  scarcely  varieties  of  Phorcus pulliyo,  Martyn. 
The  finest  series  is  in  the  li.  M.] 

43.  Lirnna  picoidea  [has  been  heard  of,  but  not  seen  since  the  explorations  of  Col.  J. 
Dr.  (tUL  still  considers  the  species  distinct :  among  the  very  div^imilar  varieties 
from  the  W.  Indies  (vide  suite  in  B.  M.)  it  woidd  probably  not  have  beea 
singled  out  as  a  species,  but  for  the  theory  of  the  author]. 

45.   Cmcihulum  Jeiccttii  [should  be  rdrrtupitum,  P.  Z.  !S.]. 

47.  Modulus  dorsiiosus.  [Col.  J.  now  thinks  that  the  supposed  Acapulco  specimens 
are  W.  Indian, =/t'«<(Vj//am,  Cheni.  When  dead,  the  forms  from  the  two 
oceans  can  hardly  be  distinguished ;  but  the  aspect  of  his  shells  is  Caribbean.] 

54.   Conus  ravus  [=C  Califoniicus,  lids.]. 

5(».   Coiim  jnmllns,  Gld.  [non  Chem.  ^=nux,  small  var.,  teste  Cuming]. 

57.   0/«'//.-«M  achates  [  =  0.  clavuhts,  A.  Ad.,  1854]. 

G5.  ColumheUa  Sta.-liarburoisis  [so  named  to  correct  the  statement  that  California 
was  above  the  limit  of  the  genus,  proves  to  be  a  Mexican  shell,  and  was 
probably  obtained  at  Acapulco.  Having  been  redescribed  by  IJeeve  from 
perfect  specimens,  it  may  stand  as  C.  Beerei\ 

60.  Xitidtllu  Gotddii.  [Not  to  be  confounded  with  Col.  Gouldiana,  Agass.,  -which 
is  probably  Aim/cla.^ 

67.  Fusus  ambustuH  [is  a  Califomian  species.  The  type  stands  in  Miis.  Cum.  as 
F.fragosus,  Rve.,  but  does  not  answer  to  the  diagnosis.  The  typical  frat/oaii.1 
is  marked  fragosus,  var.  F-  anibustm  appears  absolutely  identical  with  F. 
clavatits,  Brocchi,  Mediterr^vnean.  Some  of  the  diagnostic  marks  are  not  con- 
stant in  the  specimens]. 

Col.  Jewett  went  to  Panama,  as  a  private  collector,  in  January  1849, 
spcmling  ten  weeks  in  that  region,  including  Taboga.  This  was  two  years 
hefore  Prof.  Adams's  explorations.  Thence  he  sailed  to  San  Francisco, 
where  he  spent  four  months  in  exploring  the  shore  for  about  50  miles 
from  the  head  of  the  bay.  After  labouring  for  a  week  at  Monterey,  he 
spent  ten  weeks  at  Sta.  Barbara  and  the  neighbourhood,  thoroughly  exploring 
the  coast  for  fifteen  miles  as  far  as  Sta.  Bonadventura.  It  was  here,  at  the 
"  Ilincon,"  after  a  violent  southern  storm,  that  he  obtained  the  specimens  of 
Livona  picoides,  as  well  as  many  other  rare  species  that  have  not  been  obtained 
bj-  any  other  explorer.  *'  The  storm  tore  up  the  kelp  to  such  a  degree  that 
it  formed  a  bank  for  many  miles  on  the  beach,  from  10  to  20  feet  broad,  and 
at  least  4  feet  deep.  Jilany  of  the  plants  were  more  than  60  feet  long  and  5 
inches  in  diameter,  having  the  appearance  of  vast  cables.''  Before  his  return 
to  the  east,  he  also  collected  at  Mazatlan  (where  he  obtained  some  species 
not  included  in  the  B.  M.  Catalogue)  and  at  Acapulco.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  of  the  accuracy  of  the  Colonel's  observations  at  the  time  they  were 
made.    Unsurpassed  in  America  as  a  field-nala'oatolo2;ist.  possessed  of  accurate 

21 


i^ATj/;i'^^^. 


536  KEPORT— 18C3. 

discrimination,  abundant  carefulness,  and  unwearied  diligence  and  patience, 
no  one  Wiis  better  fitted  to  collect  materials  for  a  scientitie  survey  of  the  coast. 
Uut.unfortunatelyfor his  (as  for  the  Nuttallian)  .shells, he  did  not  describe  them 
at  the  time  himself.  They  were  subjected  to  all  the  derangements  caused  by 
frerpieiit  changes  of  residence,  and  transmission  to  various  naturalists  for 
identification.  As  we  know  what  errors  creep  into  the  collections  of  the 
most  learned  under  such  circumstances,  it  is  not  surprising  that  they  should 
now  have  lost  much  of  their  geographical  value.  After  several  days  sj)eiit 
in  a  verj-  searching  elimination  of  the  west-coast  shells  from  his  general  col- 
lection, I  was  driven  to  the  conclusion  that  several  labels  had  become  mis- 
placed. This  was  so  clearly  the  case  as  to  certain  Jf.  f]ngland  and  W.  Indian 
species  interchanged  with  Pacific  specimens,  that  it  might  also  affect  (V.  ;/.) 
Sta.  Barbara  and  Panama  specimens  as  com])ared  with  each  other.  The  kelp 
driven  up  by  the  great  storm  may  have  travelled  from  remote  localities ;  which 
will  account  for  tropical  shells  having  been  found  at  Sta.  Barbara,  as  W. 
Indians  occasionally  are  even  on  our  own  shores.  It  is  possible  also,  as  the 
Califomian  seas  have  as  yet  been  but  little  dredged,  that  deep-water  species 
live  there  which  as  yet  are  known  only  in  the  tropical  province.  Already 
some  Gulf  species  have  been  thus  obtained  .at  San  Diego  and  Catalina  Island 
by  Dr.  Cooper,  just  as  Mr.  M'Andrew  dredged  Mediterranean  species  on  the 
coast  of  Norway.  But  facts  of  such  importance  should  rest  on  better  evidence 
than  chance  shells  picked  on  a  beach,  and  subjected  to  dangers  of  altered 
labels  afterwards.  "What  was  regarded  by  Dr.  Gould  as  of  authority  is  cata- 
logued, according  to  his  determinations  of  species,  on  pp.  226-231  of  the  first 
Report.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  species  which  I  found  in  the  collection", 
divided  simply  into  the  temperate  and  the  tropical  faunas. 

Species  of  the  Temperate  Fauna,  collected  hy  Col.  Jeivett*. 


Pholadidea  penifa,  ovoidea. 

Saxicnva  pholadis. 

Schizotlieirus  NuttaMii. 

Cryptoniya  Califomica. 

Lyonsia  Califomica. 

Solen  Psicarius,  var.  rosaceua*t. 

Machfera  patula. 

Solecurtus  Califomianus,  subteres. 

Macoma  nasuta,  secta. 

Lutricola  alta. 

Semele  decisa,  nibrolineata. 

Donax  Califomicus,  Hexuosus*. 

Standella  PCalifornica. 

Trigona  crassatelloides. 

Psephis  tantilla*. 

Amiantis  callosa. 

Chione  succincta,  fluctifraga,  simillima. 

*  This  collection  belongs  to  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Boyce,  of  Utica,  N.Y.  The  Colonel's 
invaluable  collection  of  U.  S.  Palaeozoic  fossils  (probably  the  largest  made  by  any  iiiciivi- 
dual's  own  hand)  may  be  consulted  at  the  State  Museum  in  Albany,  and  will  probably 
find  its  ultimate  destination  at  one  of  the  principal  colleges.  A  large  number  oi  the 
fossils  described  by  Prof.  Hall  were  from  this  collection,  though  often  without  acknow- 
ledgment. Only  a  small  proportion  of  the  types  of  the  celebrated  '  Palaeontology '  are 
to  be  found  in  the  State  Collection,  which  was  subjected  to  disastrous  and  very  extensive 
curtailment  before  Col.  J.  entered  on  his  present  duties  as  curator. 

*  These  species  and  marked  varieties  were  first  found  by  Col.  J. 

t  Of  these  forms,  either  not  seen  or  not  distinguished  by  Dr.  Gould,  the  diagnoses  are 
•written,  and  will  probably  be  found  in  one  of  the  scientific  periodicals  for  1864. 

*  Cnless  otherwise  stated  in  the  list,  Report,  pp.  228-231,  it  may  be  presumed  that 
these  species  were  fi:om  the  neighbourhood  of  Sta.  Barbara. 

22 


Tapes  staminea,  tenerrima*. 

Saxidomus  squalidus. 

Petricola  earditoides. 

Riipellaria  lamellifera. 

Lazaria  subquadrata't- 

Chama  pellucida. 

Lucina  Califomica. 

Diplodonta  orbella. 

Mytilus  Californianup,  eduli.s. 

Modiola  modiolus,  recta,  fomicata'f.    * 

Leda  caelata. 

Pecten  hastatus,  latiauritus,  (Pventrico- 

8U3,  var.)    aequi.«ulcatxi8*t,    squairo- 

sus't,  paucicostatus*t. 
Amusium  caiiriuum,  jim. 
Hiniiites  giganteus. 
Bulla  nebulosa. 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


537 


Tumatina  cercalis*,  culriti'lla*. 

Cvlielina  (PcvInnlriutM,  var.)  attonsa't. 

Volvula  cylinilric'ii*+. 

Cryptochitou  Stelleri. 

Mopalia  imi.*c(»sa. 

Nacella  incp.-isa,  paleacea*. 

Acm.ea   patina,   pelta,  persona,  scabra, 

spectrum,  Asmi. 
Sciirria  mitra. 
Fissurella  volcano. 
Glyphis  densielathrata. 
IIali()tisCr€iclierodii,riife.«cen9,splendpn9. 
Plia9ianellu(!-'compta,vars.^puuctulata*t, 

pulloides't,  elatior't. 
Poniaiilax  iindosii-i. 
Trochiscus  NorriM..  convexus't. 
Calliostoraa  canaliculatum,  costatum. 
Jjivona  picoides  *. 
Homalopoma  sanrrnineum. 
Chlorostonm  funebrale,  I'feifferi. 
Cruuibulum  spinosum. 
Crepidiila  adunca,  doreata,  rugosa. 
Hipponyx  tiiuiens  *f. 
Serpulorbis  squamijrerus. 
Bittium  esuriens't,  fastigiatum 'f. 
Cerithidea  J^acrita. 
Litorina  planaxis,  sciitellata. 
Ampliithalanuis  inclusus  *t. 
l^acuua  unifasciata*. 
Radius  variabili- 

I^uponia  spadict     :  Trivia  Califomica. 
Erato  columbella,  vitellina. 


Drillia  inerniis,  nioi-ita't. 

Daphiiellafilosa't. 

Mangelia  varieirata't,  angulata'f. 

Myurella  simplex 'f. 

Conus  Calit'ornicus. 

Odostomia  gravida*,  inflata't. 

Chemnitzia  tenuicula  *,  torquntn  •  (ct 
?var.  styliua  't),  vir;.'o  't,  auraulia  '!» 
crebritilata  't,  tridi'utata  *j. 

Duiikeria  laininata  *f, 

Eulima  Thersites  "f. 

Opalia  bullata  *f. 

Lunatia  L(!wisii. 

Cerithiopsis  ?  tuberculata,  fortior  *f, 
purpurea  't. 

Mnrginella  .lewettii  *,  Ppolita,  regiila- 
ris  't.  subtrijrona't. 

(Volvarina  varia,  senata  ;  perhaps  im- 
ported, or  l.'ibel  cban<red.) 

Olivella  biplicata,  bfeticat  [  =  pet'olita, 
Gld.,+anazora,  (ild,  MS.  (uou  Duel.) 
=  rufifasciata,  teste  Cum.,  by  error]. 

Purpura  crispata,  saxicola. 

Nitidella  Gouldii  *. 

Ocinebra  Poulsoui. 

Pteronotus  fe.^tivus. 

Columbella  carinata,  Hindsii. 

Amycla  P  Californiana,  gausnpata,  tube- 
rosa  *t. 

Nas.«a  perpinguis,  mendica. 

PAiiachis  penicillata  *+. 

Siphonalia  fuscotincta  'f. 


Specks  of  the  Tropical  Fauna,  collected  by  Col.  Jetvett ' 


Pholas  crucigera  [  =  lanceolata]. 

Dactylina  laqueata. 

Corbula  bicariuata,  biradiata,  nasuta, 
tenuis,  ovulata  §,  nucitbrmi.s  §. 

Sanguinolaria  niiniata  *§. 

Psammobia  casta. 

Tellina  felix,  puella  *,  punicca,  "  ru- 
bella." 

Ileterodonax  bimaculatus  etvars.  §. 

Strigilla  carnaria  (white  and  red  var3.)§ 
pisiformi8§,  sincera. 

Semele  pulchra  §,  venusta  §. 

Iphigenia  altior. 

Douax  transversus,  navicula,  gracilis, 
carinatus,  rostratus  §,  puuctatoatvia- 
tus  §,  I'.  ciBlatus  §.  assimilis. 

Mulinia  angulata. 

Ilarvella  elegans. 

Trigona  planulata  ||,  Hindsii  §. 

Doiinia  Jjuiikeri. 


Callista  aurantia,  chionaea,  circinata  §, 
tortuosa,  lupinariajl,  rosea||,  i:  puella§. 

Chione  amatnusia,  sujrillala,  neglecta. 

Anomalocardia  subimbricuta,  subru<ro>a. 

Tapes  grata, + vara,  discors,  fuscolineata. 

Petricola  pholadiformis,  var. 

Crassatella  gibbosa. 

Venericardia  laticostata,  radiata. 

Lazaria  artinis. 

Ciiama  frondosa,  spinosa. 

Cardium  consors  §,  senticosum,  proce- 
rum,  obovale. 

Ileniicardiumbiangiilatum  §,  graniferum. 

Liocardium  apicinum  §. 

Codakia  tigerrina  |lf . 

Lucina  ebumea  §,  excavata  §,  pectiuata. 

Felania  tellinoides  §,  var. 

Modiola  Binisiliensis,  capax. 

Lithophagus  aristatus. 

Area  grandis,  tuberculosa. 


*  Unless  otherwise  8pecifi(»d,  either  by  §,  ||,  or  locality-marks  in  Rep.  pp.  228-231, 
th'.'se  species  may  be  presumed  to  have  come  from  the  Panama  district. 

§  These  species  were  probably  from  Aeapulco.  *'  ■  '         f      - 

II   Probably  from  Muzatlan. 

Tf  Anothur  specimen,  378  in.  across,  ia  marked  "Sta.  Barbara"  oa  the  shell,   tj-,  f-..^.' 

23 


ess 


HEP.lRT — 18G.3. 


Scnpharca  bifrons  *,  eniorglnata,  labiata, 

mix. 
Koi-tia  rever^a. 
lly^iiarf-a  Piu-ifica,  miitabi]i<). 
liarbiitia  alttTiiata,  a\  iculuides,  gradata, 

iilota,  solida. 
Peftiuiculus  in:T?qualis,  maculutus,  p»r- 

cipic-tus  §,  PpectiiioiJe;*  §. 
Leda  F'^leiiensis,  polita. 
Pinna  niauia,  tuberculosa. 
Avifula  sterna. 
Brvopbila  seto-a  *. 
Isofrnoinon  Cht-mnitzinnum. 
Per-teu  ventricosua,  8ubuoduHUS$. 
Lima  an<rulata  §. 
Spondvlus  ralcifer. 
O.itrea  palnuila. 
Anomia  lanipe. 
Bulla  Adanisi,  Quoyi  §. 
Siphonaria  pi^'■as,    lecanium  §    et  vars. 

maura,  palmata  §. 
Patella  ^'exicana. 

AcmiBi.     .e.«oleuca,  mitella,  vernicofla. 
Fis'^urella  rujjosa,  uigropunctala,  ?ma- 

crotrema  §. 
Glypbis  inffiqualis,  alta. 
Phasianella  perforata. 
Callopoma  saxosum. 
Senectu.s  squaniigerus  §. 
U vanilla  inemiis. 
Calliostonia  litna,  Leanum  §. 
Tegula  pellis-«erpenti3. 
Oiiiphalius    Panamensis,   coronulatu3  *, 

1  gulatiisjl,  viridulus. 
Nerita  Berahardi,  sc-abricorta. 
Neiitina  picta,  fiuayaquilensis,  interme- 
dia ["  =globosa,  J?rorf."]. 
Crucibulum  imbric-atum,  spinosum,  um- 

bnlla,  radiatum,  pectinatum*,  corru- 

gatum  *. 
Galeru8  conicus,  mamillaris. 
Crepidula  aculeata  §,  excavata,  incurva. 
Ilippouyx  barbatus,  Grayanua. 
Aletes  centiqiiadrus. 
Vermetus  ebumeus. 
Bivonia  contorta,  albida. 
I'etaloconcbus  macropln-agma. 
Tun-itella  goniostoma. 
Ceritbium  maculosum,  uncinatum,  me- 

diobeve,  interruptum,  alboliratum. 
Tlhinoclavis  gemmata. 
Cerithidea  Montagnei,  Tariro.<»a. 
]jitorina  aspera,  eonspersa,  Pbilippii. 
Modulus  catenulatus,  Pdisculus. 
llissoina  lirmata*,  fortis*,  expnn,sa*t||, 

stricta  §,  Janus  ♦,  Woodwardii  Ij. 
Planaxis  nigritella,  plauicostata. 
Radius  avena§,  similis. 
Carinea  emar<rinata,  jun. 
Arifia  punetulata. 
TrivLi  pustulata,  pulla,  Paci(ica§. 


Erato  !"oabriu«rula  5,  ^faiigprim. 

Stronibus  galeatus,  grat'ilior,  granulatnsi 

Ttrt'bra  robusta. 

Kuryta  fulgurata,  ariculata  J. 

I'lf  111    tonia  t'uniculata. 

Drilliii  albovallosa,  atenima,  ?t>xnrata§, 

incrassata,  nigerrinia,  rudis,  hexagona, 

?^Ta<;illinia,  var. 
Mangt'lia     subdiapb.ana  §,     hamata*!", 

ctMva*!,  i'puifliella. 
Pitbai-a  stroniboides§  [?=tritice8,Kien.]. 
Dapbnella  casta  §. 
Couus  gladiator,  mahogani,  nux,  pui-pu* 

rasot'ns,  ngulari*. 
Solarium  granulatum. 
Torinia  variegata. 
Obeliscus  ac'bales*||.     " 
Cbeninitz'a  celata  *t, 
Scalaria  IIind>ii*. 
Alora  Gouldii  *. 
Caucellaria  bulbulus,  clavatula,  dpru«- 

sata,  goniostonia,  tessellata,  initritbr- 

mis. 
Natica  marocoana  et  vara.,  Souleyetiana, 

zonaria  §.  cat»>nata  §. 
Po'.inices  otis,  uber. 
Nevirita  patula §. 
Ficula  ventricosa. 
Malea  ringen^. 
Bezoardica  abbreviata. 
Levenia  coarctata. 
Persona  ridens  [?  =  ]  constrlctus. 
Triton  lignarius,  tigriuus,  Ppilcare,  jun. 
Priene  nodosa. 
Ranella  caslata,  nitida,  triquetra.  pyra- 

niidalis   [like    aiiceps    and   proclmta, 

live.]. 
Fiisciolaria  granosa,  tulipa,  jun.  [?  im- 
ported]. 
Latirus  ca.staneu3,  ccratus,  rudis,  tuber- 

cubitus. 
T^ucozonia  cingulata. 
Mitra  lens,  tuniculata,  nucleola. 
Strigatella  tristis. 
Lvna  harpa. 

>farginena  caerulescens,  polita  f ?§). 
Persicubi  imbrieata  §. 
Volvarina  triticea  §,  varia§,  serrata§,  fus- 

ca  §  [some  of  tht  se  are  aoigned  to  Sta. 

Barbara.    West  Indian  speL-iniens  may 

have  been  intemii     d:  vide  Cape  St. 

Jjucas  list,  infn'i]. 
Oliva  angulata,  porpb\Tia. 
Olivflla  anazora,  gracilis  §,  inconspicua, 

semistriata,  tergina,  volut«lla,  zouajs, 

Zauoeti. 
Agaronia  testacea. 
Harpa  crenata. 
Purpura  bioerialis,  melo,  patula,  trian{ju» 

laris,  triserialis. 
Cuma  tectaj  kios(^uirormia. 
24 


ox  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XORTH  AMERICA. 


533 


P\  rula  patiila. 

Kii^ina  Ueeviaim,  rrnrostoniR. 

Aiiachis  Californica*^,  corDiiata.  rostfl- 

hita,  HiiftUHta,  lynita.  lli^rlil•aIl^',  jiarva, 

py^mia'a,  diiniiiuta*,  riif/osa,  vaiia. 
Stroinbina  bicauulitera,   gibberula,    re- 

curva. 
Pi.'<niiia    pommata,     insignia,    pag;()du8, 

riii;r''ns,  sanguiuoleutu. 
Nor; bin  pristis. 
f 'lavi'Ua  di-ttorta. 
Miirt'x    recurvirostris,  [?=]  nigrre<«cens 

(  Ctim.). 
Mmicidea  alvpata§,  dubia,  vibex,  "pin- 

uif^er,  Jirod." 


T^hizochcilus  mix. 

^'it^lltria  siilcbrosa. 

Ocinebr.i  erinaccoido^. 

^lonorcro-i  brevidfiitatura. 

SiHtnini  i-arbonariiuu  §. 

Kitidella  ciibraria. 

CcilumlK'lla     festiva,     fu^cata,     lnbio«a, 

ninjdr,  Iteevii  *§,  uuciuuia  §,  i'  milk— 

punttiita,  iY/r.§ 
rDiifUa  conifoinii.s. 
Tnincaria  modesta. 
Ka.i«a  c-oliaria*,  corpulenta,  crcbristri- 

ala,    hiteostonia,    pagodu-*,    scabrius- 

cula,  tfirula,   vei-sitolor.   coiuplauata, 

8tini]).s()iiiaiia  *,  nudiciucta. 
Phos  ^iiudens. 

This  list,  of  about  13.3  species  from  the  northern  and  328  from  the 
Bouthorn  fauna  (nearly  twice  as  large  as  that  sent  by  Dr.  (loiild  and  printed 
in  the  first  Report,  and  yet  not  cintaining  several  species  there  (juoted),  is  an 
instructive  instance  of  what  may  be  accomplished  in  about  three-ijuiirters  of 
a  year,  simply  by  picking  up  shore-shells.  It  contains  about  4^  species  in 
the  northern  and  22  in  the  southern  faunas  not  previously  described. 

Besides  the  recent  shells,  Col.  Jewett  brought  home  a  very  interesting 
series  of  Pliocene  fossils  from  the  neighbourhood  of  ISta.  Barbara.  Almost  all 
of  them  are  species  known  to  inhabit  neighbouring  seas,  and  are  chiefly 
northern  forms.  Of  some  no  recent  specimens  have  yet  been  found  in  such 
perfect  condition.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  species,  which  is  of  the  more 
value  as  they  have  not  been  intermixed  with  those  of  any  other  localitj',  and 
the  spot  does  not  seem  to  have  been  discovered  by  any  succeeding  geological 
explorer.     It  was  two  miles  from  the  coast,  and  150  feet  high. 


Schizotheirus  N'lttallii. 

Mactra  plainilat. . 

Chione  succincta  *. 

I'achydesnia  cra<-'atelloides. 

Psepfiis  tantilla.  .^salmonea. 

Rupellaria  lanicllifei-a. 

Cardiuni  gi-auit'erimi  ♦. 

Venericarilia  r.  ventricosaf. 

Lucina  Californica. 

Pecten  floridus  *. 

Ilinnites  giganteus. 

Planorbis,  sp. 

Calliostoma  costatum. 

Margarita  pupilla  f. 

Oniphalius  aureotinctus. 

(Jalerus  fastigiatus  t. 

Crepidiila  grandisf    [->!/»'(/</.,= princeps, 

Corn:,  .3-5  inches  long], 
Crepidula  adunca. 

„         navicelloide.^. 
Turritella  Jewettii,  n.  a. 
Bittium  rugatum,  n.  s. 
„       anniliatum,  n.  8. 
„       lilosiun  t. 
Lacuna  solidula  f. 


Chrvsallida,  sp.* 

Opalia  (i'crenatoides,  var.)  insculpta*, 

n.  s. 
Lunatia  Lewisii. 
Niitica  clausat- 
Prieue  Oregonensis  f. 
Olivella  biplicata. 
Colunibella  cai-inata. 
Amycla  gausapata. 

„       tubero.*a,  n.  s, 
PTruncaria  coreugata. 
Nasja  fossata. 

„      iii^ndica. 
Pui-pura  crispata. 
Ocinebra  liinda. 
Trophon    tenuisculptns  t,  ?n.  s.    [may 

prove   identical  with   T.  Jimbnatula, 

A.  Ad.,  Japan]. 
Trophon  Orpheus  f. 
Fusus  ambustus. 
Pisania  fortis  *,  n.  s. 
Chrvsodnmus   carinatus  t,    Brit.     Mua. 

[probably  =  </i's;;<'r^?M,  var.]. 
Chrysodomus  tabulatiis,  jun.f,  n.  s. 
„  dirus  t. 


*  These  species  are  of  a  sonthem  tvpff. 

t  These  forms  rauk  witJi  the  northern  series.  The  rest  belong  to  the  present  Cdlifornian 
fauna. 


540 


REPORT — 1863. 


The  followin;^  fo'sils  were  also  col- 
iech'd  by  Col.  Jewett : — 
ic'urpura  erispata  I  San  Francisco,  100  ft. 
„        ostiina  I      above  the  Bay. 


Tellina  conposta,  Canr.     ^lonterey. 
Scalaria  :   can  scarcely  be  di^tinjruished 

from  phiiiirosffitn,  Kien.,  in  Brit.  Mas. 

{?  !=  Grcelandica) :  Panama, 


The  collections  of  M  y'or  Rich,  having  been  tabulated  by  Dr.  Gould  simply 
AS  from  Upper  or  Lower  California,  I  had  expected  to  find  of  but  little  geo- 
graphical value.  Thej'  proved,  however,  to  he  of  peeiiliur  interest.  Major 
Kich  had  been  one  of  the  naturalists  in  the  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.,  and  his  warlike 
occupations  did  not  prevent  his  remaining  long  enough  at  particular  stations 
to  pay  close  attention  to  the  Molluscs.  Ilis  forte  lay  in  procuring  shells  in 
the  best  possible  condition  ;  and  a  study  of  them  was  very  sernceable  in 
explaining  the  dead  shore-shells  usually  obtained  from  other  sources.  For- 
tunately, he  was  quite  aware  of  the  importance  of  geographical  accuracy,  and 
arranged  those  obtained  at  different  places  in  separate  drawers.  The  "  Upper 
Californian  "  collections  were  made  at  Monterey,  San  Francisco,  San  Diego, 
and  San  Pedro ;  the  '*  Lower  Californian,"  in  the  Gulf,  principally  at  La 
Paz,  partly  at  San  Jose  and  Mazatlan.  At  the  latter  place  he  met  M. 
lleigen,  who  had  filled  his  house  with  decomposing  molluscs  to  such  an  ex- 
tent as  to  induce  the  neighbours  to  have  recourse  to  the  police.  From  him  he 
obtained  many  species  not  in  the  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.,  and  probably  sent  to  Europe 
in  the  Havre  collection.  Major  Rich's  beautiful  series  may  be  consulted  at 
his  residence,  opposite  the  British  Legation,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  and  are 
designed  ultimately  for  one  of  the  public  museums  in  the  neighbourhood. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  species : — 

Shells  collected  by  Major  liich,  from  the  Californian  Fauna. 


,  edulis', ; 


.  glome- 


Pholadidea  ovoidea '  -. 

Parapholas  Californica^    (The  young  is 

very  acuminate,  with  imbricated  cups, 

as  in  P.  calm. ) 
Netastonia  Darwinii  ^ 
Saxicava  pholadi*  '  ^. 
Platyodon  caucellatus*. 
Schizotheinis  Xuttalli*. 
Cryptomya  Calit'crnica  K 
Thracia  curta '. 
Ijvousia  Californica  ^. 
My tiliineria  Nuttalli '.    0''ery  fine,  with 

ossicle. ) 
Solen  sicarius '. 
Machaera  patnla  ^. 
Solecurtiis  Californianus*. 
Sanguinolaria  Nuttalli  *. 
Psannnobia  rubroradiata  *. 
Maconia  nasuta  ',  secta  '  *, 
Scrobicularia  alta  ■*. 
Senieie  decisa '. 
Cumingia  Californica  *> 
Donax  Califoraicus '. 
Mactra  Californica  *. 
Paehydesnia  crassatelloides '  *. 
Amiaulis  callosa  *. 
Chioue  succincta*. 

*  Monterey.    Fresh  gpecimens  of  seven  species  from  the  soutliern  fkuua  were  alao 
obtained  at  Monterey,  probably  from  coninierce. 


Tapes     staminea    et    vara. '  ^  ^,    lacini- 
ata '  *. 

Petricola  carditoides  ^. 

Rupellaria  laniellifera '. 

Chania  Buddiana  *. 

Cardium  Nuttalli  *. 

Lucina  Californica  *. 

Diplodonta  orbella  ^ 

Kellia  Laperousii '. 

Mytilus  Californianus' 
ratus  •*. 

Septifer  bifnrcatus". 

Modiola  modiolus '. 

Lithophagus  attenuatus '. 

Adula  falcata'*. 

Pecten  v.  requisulcatus  *,  monotimeris  *. 

Ilinnites  giganteus '. 

Placunanoniia  macroschisma '. 

Bulla  nebulosa  *. 

Katherina  tunicata  *. 

Mopalia  muscosa  ',  Hindsii ', 

Nacella  incessa  '■'. 

Acmaea  persona  '^,  pelta  ^,  spectrum^,  sea- 
bra  ^,  et  var.  liniatula  t". 

Lottia  gigantea '. 

Scurria  niitra^. 

Fissurella  ornata  * '. 


'■'  San  Dit'go. 

*  Tlit'se  species  \\. 


'  San  Francisco, 
re  Cr;t  found  by  Major  Rich. 

26 


^\>ar  San  Pedro. 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE   WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Gh-phis  densielathrata  ^. 

Lucapiaa  cremilata  '  (one  spec.  Catalina 

Is.). 
Ilaliotia     rufescens  '  *,     Cracherodii '  *, 

Knmt.schatkana '  *. 
Poiiiaiila.v  undosus '. 
Trocliiscus  Norri.sii'^  (and  Catalina  T?.), 
C'jtllio.-tonia 

tuni ',  co>t:itiuii '. 
Oniphaliu-*  fuscescens  *. 
Chli)rostoma    fuuebmle  *, 

Pfeitfcii '. 
Crucibulum  spinosum ''. 


caualiculatum ',     aiinula- 


brunneuni 


Crepidula  rugosa  ^,  adunca  ^,  explanata  \ 

Hippony.v  Pantiqiiatus^,  Ptuuifiid'. 

Serpulorbis  squaniigerus  *. 

Spirotrlyphus  lituella  ^  *. 

Litorina  planaxis '. 

Trivia  Californica '. 

Couus  Califomicus  *, 

Kauella  Californica  *, 

O.ivella  biplicata ',  bietica'. 

Purpura,  vars.  ostrina',  eniarginata  *. 

Cerosronia  Nuttalli^. 

Nas?a  meudica  ',  perpingius  ',  fossata'. 

Helix,  tbree  sp. 


Shells  collected  htj  Major  liich,  near  La  Paz  (west  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Cal.), 

(Thracia)  Cvathodonta  plicata, 
Sangiiindlaria  miiiiata. 
Tellina  Cumingii. 


Strigilla  carnaria. 

Heterodonax  biniaculatus. 

Iphigenia  altior. 

Douax  navicula,  punctato-str.,  rostratus. 

Standella  frajrilis  (common). 

Mulinia  antrulata. 

Trigona  argentina,  radiata,  planulata. 

Dosinia  ponderosa. 

Callista  concinna,  chionrea. 

Chione    succincta,    amathusia,    gnidifv, 

pulicaria,  var. 
AuomalocanUa  subimbricata. 
Tapi  8  grata,  histrionica. 
La'/aria  Californica. 
Cbaina  spi,;osa,  producti,  comigata. 
Cardium  consors,  biangulatum. 
Liocardium  elatum. 

Codakia  tigerrina  (two  tine  specimens). 
Cyrena  olivacea,  Mexici-V*^ 
Anodonta  glauea. 
Mytilus  multiformis. 
Modiola  capax. 
Area  niulticostata. 
Barbatia  Ueeviana,  solida. 
Pectuneulus  gigauteus. 
Pinna  rugosa.  ^ 

Mai-garitophora  fimbriata. 
Jsognomon  Cheninitziaiium. 
Pecten  ventricosus,  subuodosus. 
Lima  tetrica  *. 
Janira  dentata. 
Ostrea  aniava  (Maz.  Cat.  215.    Is.  Cres- 

tona,    entrance    of   Gulf),    Mrginica 

(more  pearly  than  the  Atlantic  shells, 

teste  liich). 
Anoniia  lanipe. 

Biilinius  sufflatus  *,  excelsus  *,  pallidior. 
Physa  elata  *,  aurantia. 
patella  Mexicana. 
Acniica  atrata,  mesoleuca. 
Fissiirella  rugosa,  virescena. 
Glvphis  alta,  iuiuijuulia. 

ai 


Haliotis  splendens  (three  fresh  specimens 
from  a  resident  at  San  JoseJ. 

Callopoma  fluctuosum. 

(j  vanilla  olivacea. 

Omphalius  rugosus,  coronulatus. 

Nerita  scabricosta,  Beruhardi. 

Neritina  picta. 

Crucibulum  spinosum,  imbricatum,  pec- 
tinatum,  umbrella. 

Galerus  mamillaris,  conicus. 

Crepidula  aculeata,  onyx,  uivea,  ungui- 
formis,  arenata. 

Hipponyx    Grayanus,     serratus,     anti- 
que tus. 

Aletes  centiqnadrus. 

Spiroglyphu.s  lituella  (on  Cr.  umbrella). 

Turriteila  goniostoma,  tigrina. 

Cerithium  maculosuni,stercus  muscarum. 

Cerithidea  Montagnei. 

Litorina  fasciata,  conspersa. 

Modulus  catenulatus,  discidus. 

Cypraja  exanthema. 

Aricia  arabieula. 

Luponia  Sowerbii,  albnginosa. 

Trivia  sanguiaea,  radians,  SJolandri,  pus- 
tulata,  Pacitica. 

Strombus  gi-anulatus,  gracilior. 

Euryta  fulgurata. 

Pleurotoma  funiculata,  maculosa. 

Drillia  Pinennis. 

Conus  puneticulatus,  gladiator,  purpu- 
rascens,  i-egtilaris,  arcuatus,  nux. 

Solarium  gi'anulatiim, r.  quadriieps. 

Cancellaria  obesa,  cassidiforuiis,  solida, 
goniostoma,  !-'candida. 

Natica  niai-occana,  zonaria. 

Polinices  Hecluziana,  bifasciala,  ctis. 

Neverita  patula. 
Sigaretus  debilis. 
Oniscia  tuberculosa. 

Levenia  coarctata. 

13ezoardica  abbreviata. 

Priene  nodosa. 

Turbinella  caestus.  ' 

Fasciolaria  priucepa. 


542  REPORT— 18G3. 

Ijeucozonia  cingrulata.  I  Nnssa  luteostoma,  scaLriusciila,  corpu- 

Mitra  lena.  lenta. 

Oliva  porphyria,   Melcliersi,   Cumingii,    Pyrula  patula. 

siibaii<jrulata.  I  J\isus  Dnpetithouarsii. 

Olivella  ter<ritia.  gracilis,  volutella  (seve- 
ral taken  alive). 

Afraronia  testacca. 

Purpura  patula,  biserialis,   triangularis, 
muricata,  planospira  J. 

Nitidella  cribmina. 

Columbella  fuscata,  var. 

Conella  cedo-nulli. 


Siphoiialia  pallida. 

Stronibina    (P  new,    deep    water,    S.in 

Jose). 
Pisania  sanguinolenta,  insipnis, 
Jlurex  plieatus,  recurvirostris. 
Phyllonotiis  nigritus,  brassica,  princeps, 

bicolor. 
iSIuricidea  dubia. 

Lieut.  Green  having  been  obliged  to  pack  up  his  collection  and  leave  homo 
on  professional  duty,  I  was  not  able  to  make  any  criticfil  examination  of  it. 
Capt.  DupoBt  also,  of  Delaware,  was  one  of  the  "  Mexican-war  naturalists," 
and  made  a  large  collection  of  La  Paz  shells  daring  his  campaign  ;  but  I  had 
no  opportunity  of  seeing  them. 

Dr.  Gould  notes  the  following  corrections  in  Lieut.  Green's  list,  pp.  231— 
234:— 
Scmvle  Jlavicans  should  he  Jlavescens.         |  Donax  abrupfus  should  be  obestts. 

50.  KeUett  and  Wood. — The  locality-marks,  on  further  study,  display  still 
greater  inaccuracies. 

Nussa  Woodicardii,  Fbs.,  Sandwich  Islands  [is  the  adolescent  state  of  a  very  abun- 
dant Vancou%'er  and  Californian  shell,  =  A".  mcmUcii,  (ild.]. 

2\ii>^a  Cooperi,  Fbs.,  Sandwich  Islands.  [The  type  is  immature  and  in  poor  con- 
dition ;  but  it  is  a  rare  Californian  species,  since  found  by  Ur.  Cooper.] 

Trochifa  spirata  [has  not  been  conttrmed  from  Gulf  Cal.,  but  appears  in  Brit.  M  is. 
from  St.  Vincent,  Cape  Verdls.,  on  the  excellent  authority  of  Macgillivray,  who 
did  not  visit  the  Wt  st  Coast.  The  Cumingian  specimens  were  from  K.  and  W. ; 
but  the  "  spirata,  var.,"  from  Magellan  and  Peru,  are  simply  turrited  forms  of  T, 
radians]. 

Chlorostnmn  aureotinda  [=C  nigerrima  (Gmel.),  Mua.  Cum.;  but  it  is  unlikely 
that  (imelin  knew  the  species.  It  is  not  quoted  by  Desh.  (Lam.  ix.  157)  :  but 
tlie  Trochus  infuuce  nigirrimus,  Chemn.  f.  1520,  =  T.  melanostoinus,  Gmel.,  is  a 
liise/la.] 

Mdr/pirifa  ptirpurata  et  HUlii  [are  South  American  shells]. 

Purpura  amdoga  [is  the  rough  in-egular  form  of  P.  cana1icitlafa=decemcnstata'^,. 
„        fuscata,  Fbs.  [of  which  one  brown  and  one  whitish  specimen  (immature) 
are  preserved  in  the  lirit.  Mus.  as  tj-jies,  is  the  large,  smooth,  rather  elevated  var. 
of  saxicula.     It  belongs  to  the  Vancouver  district]. 

Pirpura,  like  dfcem-costatus  and  Fregriiu'tii  [is  the  normal  state  of  sn.ricohi.  The 
banded  smooth  var.  is  named  in  Brit.  !Mus.  "  ?  Jiuc.  st.iatum,  Martyn,  Un. 
Conch,  no.  7,"'  but  does  not  agree  with  the  figure]. 

Tiifits  Kellvttii.  [This  Sipfionalia,  after  long  remaining  unique  in  the  Brit.  Mus. 
Col.,  has  been  twice  condrmed  from  the  San  Dierran  district  by  the  Smitlisonian 
collectors.  Dr.  Cooper's  living  specimen  is  ('y2')  in.  long ;  and  one  specimen 
was  dredged  by  A.  Ad.  in  the  seas  of  South  Japan.] 

51.  Jteif/en. — The  type  collection,  presented  to  the  Brit.  Mus.,  contains 
nbout  890U  specimens.  The  first  duplicate  series,  containing  about  6000 
shells,  was  presented  to  the  State  of  New  York  at  the  urgent  request  of 
Dr.  Xewcomb  (well  known  for  his  researches  in  Achatinelht,  made  during  his 
professional  residence  in  the  Sandwich  Islands),  and  is  arranged  in  the  Albany 
jMuseum.  Three  other  typical  series  were  prepared  for  the  Museums  of 
Paris,  Berlin,  and  St.  Petersburg,  and  offered  on  the  same  terms,  viz.  that 
they  should  be  arranged  bj'  the  author,  and  preserved  intact  for  the  free  use 

*  Doa'l  shells  at  La  Paz  J  two  fresh  specimens  in  deep  water  liom  SanJosej  ditto, 
Lieut.  Ureeiu 

28 


ON  MOTXUSCA  OF  THE  TTZST  COAST  OT  NORTH  AMERTCA.  543 

of  students  ;  but  the  donations  were  severally  declined  by  the  respective 
govcrnmon'.s.  They  have  since  been  offered  to  the  Museums  of  Harvard 
University,  Cambndj.e,  Mass. ;  il'Gill  University,  Montreal,  C.  E.  ;  and  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  and  accepted  on  the  same  con- 
ditions *.  The  writer  of  the  Brit.  Mus.  Catalogue  spared  no  pains  in  his 
endeavours  to  verify  the  previously  described  species  of  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams ; 
yet  a  subsequent  comparison  of  types  has  developed  very  unexpected  coinci- 
dences. Those  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  compare  the  two  diagnoses  in  the 
synonyms  now  given  will  add  one  to  the  many  proofs  of  the  uncertainty  of 
the  senses  in  observation,  and  the  inaccuracy  of  language  in  description.  The 
following  corrections  and  additions  should  be  made  to  the  list  in  the  British 
Association  Report,  pp.  243-264. 

18.   Paraplwlaa  acuminata  is  united  to  P.  calm  by  Tryon,  Mon.  Pliol. 

23.  The  spt'cimins  obta  iied  from  Madagascar  by  Sir  E.  Belcher  in  the  Voy.  Sa- 

niarang  appear  ab-oliitely  ideulical. 

24.  Petncida  robnsta.     The  West  Indian  form  of  this  species  is  the  Choristodon 

fi/pician  of  Jonas  ;  Mus.  Cum. 
35.  Sphcenia  fra;/ilis  is  perhaps  -S'.  luticola,  VaL 
38.  Solecurtus  politus  ?  =  <S'.  Vaiyenteri,  J)lir. 

40.  Should  be  Seinelejfarencetis,  (ild. 

41.  Se7)ieh'  ?renitsta  should  be  S.  bicolor,  C  B.  Ad.     Panama.    C.  S.  Lucas. 
40.  .Should  be  Sanf/uinolaria  niiniata,  Gld.,  as  in  first  Report. 

A^.  Should  be  TcUitta  jmrpurea,  Brod.  &  Sby.,  teste  type  in  Mus.  Hani. 

40.  =  T.  pura,  Gld.,  nom.  prior. 

.54.  Quite  distinct  from  Tviltna  altenwta,  Say. 

56.  Tel/ina  ?ebiir:iea  proves  to  be  tlie  type  of  a  new  generic  form,  probably 

belonging  to  Kciliadre,  viz.  Ciicladclla  papyracea.     \  perfect  spt'cinien,  siiice 

found,  is  in  Mr.  Ilanlev's  collection. 

65.  Tellidorn  Bitrneti  is  not  L.  cristata  :  t:  anteu,  p.  528. 

66.  =: Stn(/illa  fiicata,  Gld.  (not  mmiafa).      Specimens  received  from  different 

stations  on  the  Pacific  Coast  vjuy  very  greatly  in  colour  and  markings. 

68.  The  fragment  of  "  ??  Paammohla  "  is  perhaps  part  of  a  L(pas-\n\\e. 

71  and  72.  The  names  of  these  shells  have  bi'en  altered  and  re-alttred  in  Mus. 
Cuming,  as  will  be  seen  by  comparing  Brit.  Mus.  Maz.  Cat.,  p.  4-"?,  with  the 
note,  p.  548,  and  with  the  present  arrangement.  Mr.  Ilanley  states  that 
no.  72,  D.odminatits,  Cpr.,  is  his  true  carinatiis ;  therefore  71,  D.  carinatus, 
Cpr.,  and  of  most  collections,  nuist  stand  as  I),  rostratus,  C.B.Ad.,  te:<te  type- 
valve  in  Mus.  Amherst.  The  two  species  uniformly  retain  their  dis- 
tinctive characters. 

78.  Should  be  MacfrcUa  exolcta  =  Ltdrana  ventricosa,  Gld.,  from  type. 

81.  Should  be  Gnathodon  mettdicxs,  Gld. 

8'5.   T.  Hindsii  is  distmct,  teste  Haul. 

85.   T.  argentatn,  Sby.,  18:55,=  7.  cequilatcra,  Desh.,  1839. 

92-99.  The  generic  name  should  be  Callista. 

*  A  few  of  the  duplicate  sets  having  been  sent  in  excliange  to  one  of  the  principal 
Bcientific  dealers,  he  advertises  a  list  of  species  in  wliieli  he  not  merely  alters  the  iioiiien- 
clature,  giving  "  Monoceros"  cingtdatum,  "  Pallia"  insifltiis  (with  "  Pisania  "  gemmata), 
"  Trochus"  olivacetis  (witii  "■  Imperator"  ti)igui.i),  "  Cerilhium  "  monfafftii  (for  Cerithidea 
Montaffnei),  Cytherea  ^'dioite"  {I'or  Dioiie  liipinaria),  "  Astarte"  Diinkeri,  "  Cytk^rea" 
Caltimhiensis,  &c.,  but  inserts  Californian  species  ("  Zhiphinvs  Jllosus,"  "  Cardium 
Niifali  ")  as  though  from  the  Gulf,  and  adds  others  not  known  at  all  in  the  West  Coast 
faunas,  as  "  Columbella  Itrriqata"  " Patella  plumbea,"  and  "  Chiton  reticulata."  All 
these,  with  such  shells  as  Olica  Cumiiiyii,  which  belorig  to  other  regions  on  the  Mexi« 
can  coast,  would  be  accredited  by  the  reader  on  the  supiwsed  authority  of  "  Carpenter's 
Catalogue."  In  these  times  it  appears  that  naturalists  nmst  be  content  to  resemble  the 
dealers  in  patent  medicines,  and  guard  the  accuracy  of  their  works!  With  ri'gard  to  tiie 
Maziillan  colUftions  (now  scarce),  none  can  be  trusted  unless  they  present  au  uuLrol^a 
leal,  with  the  iuitiuk  of  the  author. 

29 


644  nEPoRT— 18G3. 

93.  Callisfa  alternata  has  a  very  different  aspect  from  the  ordinary  C.  circinata :  Tint 
several  of  the  Pacific  s'.k-Us  atiiliate  more  naturally  to  the  West  ludiantLTiu. 
99.    C.  affinis,  C.  tortuosa,  and  C.  cancinna  appear  to  be  one  species. 

100.  Sir  E.  Belcher  is  confident  that  he  dred^^ed  C.  pekchiulis,  in  deep  water,  ofi  S. 
Bla'9.  He  has  the  same  confidence  in  regard  to  some  of  the  East  Indian 
Circes.  At  this  distance  of  time,  a  written  locality-ticket  would  have  had 
more  authority. 

105.  The  hinge  proves  that  this  species  is  distinct  from  the  true  V.  a-enifera,  Sby. 
It  has  been  named  V.  siigilUda  by  Rve.,  Conch.  Ic.  sp.  43.  It  was  also 
brought  by  Kellett  and  Wood,  and  is  allied  to  V.  pulicaria. 

110.  Among  the  Panama  varieties  of  this  very  variable  species  is  Venus  fiiscnlineata. 
T.  grata  takes  the  place  of  the  Califomian  T.  staminea,  which  is  .sometimes 
erroneously  given  as  a  synonym,  and  is  not  stramuiea,  as  often  quoted. 

113.  It  appears  that  GoulJia  (^Thetis,  C.  B.  Ad.,  olim,  non  Sby.  nee  II.  &  A.  Ad.)  is 
congeneric  with  '■  Circe''  minimn,  not  with  the  Astartids.  Prof.  Adams's 
frush  specimens  of  his  G.  Pacifica  prove  to  have  the  Crassatelloid  internal 
ligament,  and  represent  one  of  the  many  remarkable  forms  of  that  group. 

117.  Fresh  specimens  of  G.  variam,  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  have  also  the  internal 
ligament,  and  must  rank  under  Crassatella  until  that  genus  has  been  natrntdly 
divided. 

lis.  Lazaria  CaUfortiica.     A  well-marked  group  of  species  from  the  West  Coast. 

\2l.  The  purple  and  orange  specimens,  here  treated  as  the  adolescent  state  of  Chuiua 
3fexCcana,  are  certainly  the  Ch.  echinata  of  collections,  and  may  pos.-iibly 
prove  a  distinct  species.  A  large  series  sent  from  Socoro  Is.  by  Mr.  Xantus 
confirms  this  view ;  but  all  the  specimens  seen  are  decorticated  or  incrusted. 

1216.  This  is  the  Chama  Baddiana  of  C.  B.  Ad.,  and  probably  distinct. 

1-34.  The  specimens  of  Cardium  (jnmiferum  in  Mus.  Cum.,  from  St.  Thomas,  W.  I., 
appear  exactly  identical. 

136.  The  specimens  from  the  Pacific  coast,  some  of  which  are  of  very  large  size, 

have  generally  a  red  tinge  round  the  inner  margin  ;  as  have  also  the  Fiji 
specimens  brought  by  the  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.  In  other  respects  they  exactly 
accord  with  the  W.  Indian.  The  Pacific  shells  are  generally  called  C. 
exasperata,  Rve.,  a  name  first  given  to  the  rough  Caribbean  variety  from 
Honduras,  &c. 

137.  Codaliia  punctata.  This  shell  also,  brought  by  the  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.  from  the 

Fiji  Is.,  is  found  sparingly  along  the  American  shores,  and  has  the  same 
coloured  margin. 

142.  May  possibly  prove  identical  with  L.  hella,  Conr.,  S.  Diego. 

150.  The  Lucina  orbella  of  Qio\AA,  =  Sphcerella  tumida,  Conr.,  MS.,  is  the  northern 
form ;  uniformly  larger  and  smoother  than  Diplodonta  semia.tpera.  This 
last  is  fully  confirmed  from  both  oceans. 

152.  "  Felania"  serricata  appears  congeneric  with  31iltha,  H.  Sc  A..  Ad.,  =  Jlittrea, 
Gray,  the  type  of  which  (3/.  CIdldrvni)  is  a  (iulf  species. 

154.  Lasea  rubra.  Mr.  J.  G.  Jeflrevs  does  not  consider  tne  Brit.  Mus.  specimen 
identical  with  the  British.  The  MediteiTanean  specimens  are  much  more 
unlike.  A  colony  of  fre.sh  shells  from  a  buiTow  at  Cape  St.  Luciis,  when 
examined,  under  the  microscope,  side  by  side  with  Ilfraconibe  .specimens,  did 
not  present  even  varietal  ditierence".  The  species  also  appears  on  the  Cali- 
fornian  and  Japan  coasts.  Similar  and  perhaps  conspecific  forms  are 
found  on  most  coa.sts  :  among  them  is  Poronia  Petitiana,  Chen.  Conch.  111. 
p.  2,  pi.  I.  f.  2  ;  Callao,  not  rare,  Petit. 

156.  For  this  species,  corbuloides,  and  other  angular  forms,  the  name  Bornia  may 

be  revived  in  a  restricted  sense.  (A.  Ad.) 

157,  158.  Mr.  A.  Adams,  who  is  about  to  make  the  Kelliads  a  special  study,  thinks 

that  these  intermediate  forms  would  rank  better  with  Montacuta  or  TvlUnnja 
166.  This  is  almost  certainly  =  -4«0f/oH^rt  glauca,  Val. 
168.  Dr.  Dunker  renamed  this  shell  M.  Aduniiianm,  P.  Zi  S.  Nov.  1856. 

177.  The  subgenus  Adula  may  be  enlarged  to  include  this  and  other  nestling 

? Lithophaf/i,  which  often  adhere  by  byssus,  like  Mmliofa. 

178.  Liosolemi*  u  amXii  dis  inct  from  Mi/filiiiieria,w\i'w]\  appears  simply  an  aber- 

rant form  of  Lyonsia.     Other  "  Lithophaiji"  probably  rank  with  it. 

30 


ON  MOLLrSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XORTH  AMERICA.  515 

l80.  Area  semfis  is  from  W.  Africa  ( not " E.  Indies ") :  oue  of  tlie  mauj  rejirestentativo 
species  between  the  two  West  Coasts. 

]f^5.  Noetia  reversa,  Gray. 

7  S(5.  Argina  hrcvifrons,  Sby. 

1*<S.  This  is  the  young  oi  Barhntia  alternata. 

liU-lOo  belong  to  the  group  liarhatia. 

\\Y?,.   =Barbatia  Taboijensis,  from  type. 

208.  The  young  of  this  shell  is  Avtcufa  liheUa,  Hve.  Pr.  ("lould  protests  ngainst 
some  of  the  interpretations  here  given  to  his  views. 

204.  The  \V.  American  pearl-oyster  should  stand  as  M.  Jimbriata,  Dkr.  It  has 
been  redescribed  as  M.  barbata,  live. 

212.  Dr.  frould  protests  against  the  Pacific  shells  being  regarded  as  O.  VirffiDi'rn. 
Mr.  Ilanley  adheres  to  his  original  opinion.  Fossils  sent  from  the  Sand- 
wich Is.  by  Mr.  Pease  (O.  Snndwichensis,  Pse.)  appear  scarcely  to  differ. 

214ft.  The  O.  pahmdn  appears  a  distinct  species. 

215.  This  species  is  identical  with  O.  no.  384  of  C.  B.  Ad.  It  may  take  the  name 
of  O.  amara  from  its  "  bitter  flavour." 

224.  Bulla  Adamsi=B.  punctulata,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  A.  Ad. 

22'.).  Haminea  ci/mbiforniis  is  closely  allied  to  JI.  virvsri'iis,  Sby. 

239.  Siphonaria  lecanium.  S.  mattra,  Sby.,  is  one  of  the  varieties  of  this  species. 
The  aS.  pa/mata  may  prove  distinct.  S.  ferniyinea,  live.,  is  probably  ae- 
scribed  from  the  intermediate  form. 

242.  lanthiiw  striulata.  Xame  given  in  ignorance  oi  striolaia.  Ad.  and  Rve. ;  anil 
not  needed,  teste  Rve. 

245.  The  Denialhnn  htfaUmtm  of  Phil,  is  probably  the  young  of  D.  semipoUtum  : 
this  species  is  distinct. 

217.  The  Dent,  pretiosum  of  Nutt.  is  a  northern  species  ;  this  is  most  likely  D.  laa- 
teiim,  Phil. 

248-250.  This  t\-pical  group  of  Chitonids  retains  the  Linnean  name  in  Dr.  Gray's 
arrangement ;  and  as  he  first  pointed  out  the  generic  distinctions  in  the 
family,  his  judgment  is  to  be  prefeiTed. 

252-254,  250.  These  species  belong  to  Ischnocht'fon,  Gray. 

2do.  Lepidnpleurus,  Risso,  has  sculptured  valves  and  scaly  margin,  and  is  probably 
synonj'uious  with  Lophtinis,  II.  and  A.  Ad.  The  nam(>  may  be  retained  for 
the  "  Lophyroid  "  Ischnochiton  here  described,  the  peculiarities  of  which  have 
been  confirmed  by  adult  specimens  in  Mus.  Cuming,  and  by  other  species. 

S')?.    Chiton,  II.  and  A.  Ad.,  =  Acanthoptetira  ((Juild.),  (4ray. 

2(i2.  =Nac('lhi  pdtoides,  n.  s.  (described  from  Cape  St.  Lucas  specimens). 

20.{.  The  true  Lottia  pintadina  of  Gld.  (teste  figured  types)  consists  entirely  of 
varieties  of  A.  patina. 

2C5.  The  "  large  flat  shell "  referred-to  is  TedureUa  grandis,  Gray,  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep. 
1861,  p.  137.  TvctnrvUa  is  preoccupied  by  Stimp«.  Gr.  Manan  Invert.  It 
being  needful  to  di%-ide  the  old  genus  Acnteen,  Lottia  may  be  used  for  this 
section.  By  reviving  sjiionyms  as  sectional  names,  when  a  oenus  is  divided, 
good  names  may  be  retained  in  a  restricted  sense,  and  the  burden  of  a  spu- 
rious nomenclature  lessened.      Tiie  species  is  Lottia  giyantea  (Sby.  Gen.}. 

200.  ScKtcllina  naviccUoides,  C]')T.,=  Crtpidulu  oscidan.%  C.  B.  Ad. 

280.  This  should  stand  as  Gadinia  stellata,  Sby.,  that  name  having  been  given  to 
the  normal  form,  Rep.  pi.  7.  f.  3a,  of  which  penteyoniostuma,  f.  3/',  is  only 
an  accidental  variety. 

282.  CuUopomn  Fol\kesii=tes,wUatinn,  Rve.,  is  the  Lower  Califomian  form,  and 
probably  distinct. 

^'^'^•b.  =  Tarbo  p/iasianr/ta,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  .\filaraplir  phasianr!/a,  Phil. 

281).  The  first  name  is  T.  eximiitu,  Rve.,  P.  Z.  S.  1842,  p.  185  ;  Mke.'s  shell  bearing 
date  18.50.  It  appears  identical  with  "  Javanicus,  Lam.,"  in  Mus.  Cum.,  and 
is  extremely  like  ''  speciosu,<i,  Japan."  Trochus  being  now  generally  retained 
for  the  Nilotieua  group,  which  contains  the  largest  forms,  it  is  best  to  revive 
Swainson's  excellent  name  Calliostoma  for  the  "  Ziziphinwi  "group.  A  specitic 
name  should  not  be  used  for  a  jjeuus,  where  a  distinctive  name  has  already 
been  accurately  described. 

81 


546  REPORT— 1863. 

290.   Callio^toma  M- Andrea  is  the  normal  state,  of  which  C.  Leanum  is  the  pale 

variety. 
292.  Mr.  Pease  considers  that  T.  Byronianns  represents  a  Pohjdonta  from  the  Paciilc 

Islands. 
31-'?-.'^l(5.  The  non-pearly  Liotite  are  Conradia,  A.  Ad. 
«i22,  323.  Mr.  A.  Adams  thinks  that  the   '' Ethalia^'  amplecfam  is  probably  the 

youiijr  of"  Ttinosfonia"  a.,  as  suggested  in  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  p.  253. 
3.38.   Crepidula  adunca,  Cpr.  (non  Sby.,=so/jV/a,  ild.s.,  =  ros.'/v/brwis,  Gld.).     The 

tropical  shell  is  C.  tincata,  Mi£e.,=  C  rostrnta,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Kve. 
341.  Should  stand  as  C.  squama  :  v.  note  on  C.  B.  Ad.  no.  351. 
So-L    Vermetus  ehuniem,  Rve  ,=  V.  ?fflomerntm,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  Lam.     The  note  to 

Cacum,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  p.  314.  should  read: — "  Of  a  fourth  group,  Meinrvras, 

three  species  are  known  from  the  Caribbean  Sea,  one  of  which  is  fos.'^il  at 

Grignon.     The  earliest  Ca?cid  is  the  Eocene  genus  Strebloceras."      Vide 

Mou.  C.-Bcidffi  in  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  pp.  41.3-444. 

387.  Cei-ithitnn  irrofatmn,  Gld.  (teste  type  sp.  in  Mus.  Smiths.),  is  a  very  distinct 

Ea^t  Indian  species,  =  C.  ohesum,  Shy.  sen. 

388.  This  is  not  tlie  C.  iutcrruptum  of  C.B.  Ad.,  Sby.,  and  Mus.  Cum.  (Jiodi'r), 

which  latter  is  the  roughened  form  of  C.  sterciis  muscanim,  Val.     C.  GaUa- 
paf/i'nis  is  the  rough  form  of  C.  inferriiptum,  Mke. 

389.  Vertaiiiis  should  be  changed  into  Rhinoclaxis,  Swains. ;  v.  note  to  289. 
301-393.  The   genus    Triforis  should  be    removed   to   Cerithiopsidce.      The    ti-ue 

"  TriforW''  infrequens  of  C.  B.  Ad.  is  a  dextral  shell,  =  CVriV/d'o/wis  tuher- 

ctdoidex,  no.  557.     The  shell  here  doubtfully  affiliated  is  probably  a  variety 

of  T.  inconspicmis. 
398.  Liturina  Ph'Up2ni=L.  ?panula,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  Phil.,  =  i.  dubiosa,  C.  B.  Ad., 

nom.  prov. 
309.   =  Litonna  pullata,  Cpr. ;  described  from  Cape  St.  Luca"*  sp  "imens. 
40i).  VrohdhXs  =  Rissoina  Jinnata,  C.  B.  Ad.,  +  i?.  scalarifonnii,  C.  B.  Ad. 

411.  "  Not  a  Barleeia,''  teste  Jeffr.  MS.     It  seems,  however,  too  clcsely  allied  tc 

B.  rubra  to  create  a  fresh  genus  for  it,  unless  the  animal  should  display  difl'er- 
ences. 

412,  413.  Belong  to  Fenella,  A.  Ad.*   F.  excurvata=? Missoa  incompicua,  C.  B.  Ad., 

non  Alder. 

417.  Fresh  specimens  prove  this  to  be  not  a  dead  II>/drobia  idva,  but  a  Burhua, 

It  appears  on  the  Californian  coast,  as  B.  siibteuuis. 

418,  421.     Are  very  similar,  and  possibly  conspecitic  forms  of  Cythna,  A.  Ad. 
422.  Is  a  GvmeUii,  "teste  A.  Ad. 

420,  427.  Belong  to  StyUferina,  A.  Ad. 

430 1'<  scq.  Some  of  these  forms  may  rank  with  Gottoina,  A.  Ad.,' and  thus  approach 
Fossarus. 

437.  Lupom'a  spvrca.     This  shell  is  quite  distinct  from  L.  aJbuymnsa,  to  which  it 

was  supposed  to  belong  by  Dr.  Newcomb.     It  is  probably  a  ballast  .specimen. 

438.  Quite  distinct  from  the  Panamic  A.  puncUdata. 

445,  410.    Cancellariadcp  should  be  removed  to  Proboscidifera,  teste  A.  Ad. 

450-452.  Mr.  Reeve  unites  all  these  spi  cies,  with  several  othei-s,  to  M.  varicyata ; 
which  is  certainly  the  easiest  way  of  meeting  the  dillicult}-. 

453.  Myurella  rufoeinerea  =  T.  ritdis,  Gray,  teste  live. 

477.  Cunus  reyahtatis=  V.  piirpurascens,  var.     Most  Cones  vary  in  the  snme  manner. 

484.  Tormia  varieyuta.  Mr.  Hanley  restores  to  this  shell  the  uncomfortable  name 
of  Cheran.  (perspectiviunctda),  and  unites  to  it  areola,  Desh.  A  careful  com- 
parison wath  shells  from  the  Pacific  Islands  (teste  Pease's  specimens)  proves 
them  to  be  completely  identical.  The  "specific"  names  of  Chemn.,  when 
simply  the  second  word  of  the  diagnosis,  can  hardly  claim  precedence. 

486.  The  genera  in  this  famil}'  have  lately  been  revised  by  Mr.  A.  Adams.  A 
large  number  of  his  Japanese  groups  are  here  represented.     This  species 

•  The  generic  names  here  given  were  assigned  by  Mr.  A.  Adams,  who  kindly  examined 
the  figures  of  the  minute  Mazatlau  shells,  aU  of  which  have  been  dj-awn  under  the  u.icro- 
scope. 

33 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMEF.ICA.  5i7 

fjarees  with  Pfirdmidella,  sp.  ind.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  no.  293  (not  294j,  and  mav  l.'fi 

quoted  as  OhvlUcua  Adumsii. 
4^7,  488.  Belong  to  l.vaka,  A.  Ad. 
4"0.  Is  a  St/nio/a,  A.  Ad. 
i'J'J.  Tlie  jiecidiar  appearance  of  the  apex  is  dne  to  dernllation,  as  proved  by  the 

discovery  of  an  adolescent  and  several  adult  specimens.    It  ;  robably  b.'^oii^jS 

to  Dmln,  A.  Ad.,  a.ni\=  Cinffula  jxaiptrcit/a,  C.  B.  Ad.,  no.  :i  ,.* 
403-500.  Belong  to  Miralda,  A.  Ad.     Parlhenia  quinqiu:ciHvta='t CinifiUu  Cu.rUii, 

C.  B.  Ad.,  + Pas-soa  notuhilis,  C.  B.  Ad. 
501,  .'»02.  Belong  toOsciUa,  A.  Ad.   Pwilunia  ernrata=? Cingula  tereh('llum,C.Ji.  Ad. 
.5(>.'i-o06.  The  "  Odostomoid  Ckn/sa/lidce  "  probably  rank  best  witli  Muinida,  A.  Ad. 
512.   ChnjHallida  oiuliim  =  ? Cinffula  incon»picua,  C.  B.  Ad. ;  non  ?Jimoa  incvmpicua, 

C.  B.  Ad.  nee  Alder. 
513-515.  Are  Pyrgtdina,  teste  A.  Ad.     The  Japanese  species,  however,  seem  more 

like  Parthenia,  no.  497. 
517.  Is  a  Styloptiffpna,  A.  Ad. 
5i.'0.  This  is  not  the  Chemnitzia  stmtlis  of  C.  B.  Ad. ;  and  is  probably  a  variety  of 

Ch.  Panamensis. 
,123.  =  ChenDiitzia  affinis,  C.  B.  Ad.,  pars  :  par8=  Ch.  undata,  no.  531. 
5l.'5.  I>!  perhaps  a  Monnula,  A.  Ad. 
645.  The  various  shells  grouped  under  Aclis  require  revision.   Comp.  Onoba,  A.  Ad., 

and  Ebala,  Gray,  which  is  figured  as  Aclis  in  Add.  Gen. 
540.  Ranks  best  with  Etdimelki. 
5.")0.  This  is  not  Leiostraca  recta,  C.  B.  Ad.,  and  maybe  called  Mtic  onalia  involuia. 

551.  This  is  not  L.  soli f aria,  C.  B.  Ad.,  and  may  be  called  L.  producta. 

552.  :=MucronaUa  solitaria,  C.  B.  Ad. 
5."i.3.  Ranlis  be.st  with  Eulima,  teste  A.  Ad. 
55.'5.  L.  refcra  ;  distinct  from  L.  iota,  C.  B.  Ad. 
550.  Should  be  Eulima,  teste  A.  Ad. 

557.   Vide  note  to  393. 

5(»3.  Belongs  to  the  subgenus  Seila,  A.  Ad. 

5(^>8.  Scalaria  rancosta  is  perhaps  the  young  of  S.  Elenensts. 

509.  S.  funictdata  and  S.  diadema,  Avith  their  congeners,  should  be  removed  from 
Cirsotreina  to  Opalia. 

670.  Dr.  Gould  dissents  from  the  affiliation  of  this  shell  to  the  "West  .Vfrican  species 
on  the  ground  that  "he  can  separate  the  African  from  the  Pacific  shells  us  fust 
as  we  can  hand  them  to  him."  So  easily  can  any  ordinary  natural  st  separate 
conspecific  British  and  McditeiTanean  specimens,  or  Mazatlan  and  Panama 
specimens.  It  is  not  found  in  the  West  Temperate  fauna ;  the  "var.  Ca!i- 
furnica  "  being  the  ordinary  type  from  the  Pacific  Islands,  which  is  much 
more  entitled  to  be  regarded  as  distinct  than  are  the  West  American  forms. 

572.  Is  shown  by  perfect  Cape  St.  Lucas  specimens  to  belong  to  a  natural  group 
of  species,  resembling  flattened,  perforated  Phasiunellce,  to  which  the  name 
Eucosmia  may  be  given. 

6S0.  Appears  under  genus  " Lagena,  Klein,"*  in  Mus.  Cuming;  the  Argobuccinit 
cancellatum,  Oregonense,  &c.,  having  received  a  new  name,  Pricne,  11.  &  A.Ad. 

CS9.  This  belongs  to  Closia,  Gray,  =  Voltdella,  Swains.,  non  D'Orb. 

*  The  names  of  Klein  in  his  'Tentamen'  and  '  Lucubratiuncula,'  1773,  are  not  entitled 
to  precedence  (according  to  the  Brit.  Assoc,  rules),  because  he  evidently  did  not  adopt  the 
Liiuiean  mode  of  binomial  nomenclature.  Wliat  he  calls  a  "  genus  "  answers  more  to  tlie 
modern  idea  of  chapter  or  section.  By  chance,  some  of  his  name*  are  allowable  ;  but,  if 
used,  the  genus  must  be  regarded  as  that  of  Adams,  Gray,  Mbrch,  or  other  writer  who 
di'fines  it.  The  following  will  serve  as  illustrations  of  Klein's  "  genera" — "  Sol,  Luna, 
Stella,  &c. ;  Auris,  Anas,  Tigris,  Pes-anserintis,  Tuha-phonurgica,  Coohlea-lunaris, 
Cochlea-eeelata,  &e. ;  Buccinum-lacerum,  Buccinunt-muricatun.  Thema-musicvm,  &c.; 
Ost reum-imbricatum,  Ostreum-muricatum,  &c. ;  Musculus-latus,  Musculus-mammarivs, 
&.C.;  Tellina-arcinata,  Tellina-virgata,  Ac.;  Concha- longa-bijar is,  Concha-longa-unijoris; 
Conrha-TpiXojio'i ;  "  and,  in  p.  167,  "  Musculus-polylepto-ginglgmus,"  under  which  re- 
markable .^ewer/c  name  is  given  as  the  first  species  "  Arca-No<B."  According  to  the  now 
fashionable  transformation  of  nialai'ologioal  nomenclature  into  a  branch  of  archteological 
rcieai'ch,  under  pretence  of  justicij  to  ancient  writers,  the  L'theito  uuivciially  understood 

3  33 


548  REPORT— 1803. 

C02.  Oliva  tnferHnrfa  is  very  close  to  the  rouig  of  O.  xuhantjvla'n,  but  differs  in  ih-i 

clie.-itnut  stiiin  on  tlie  columella.     I  have  not  beeu  able  to  coiupare  ii  wiia 

the  yt)iiii;<  of  O.  Cuminijii. 
594.  Is  nn  abundant  species  in  the  Eastern  Islands,  occasionally  seen  in  West 

Coast  collections. 
BO.j.  Belongs  to  Aimzola,  Gray.     The  remaining  Mazatlan  species  of  Olkella  ara 

now-  called  Olirina,  (iray. 
ens.   Ohrvlla  aunociiicta=  Olira pelliicidu,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  Kve. 
599.   Olivella  {nconspicua,  C.  B.  Ad.,  is  probably  the  younjr  of  the  rolonrless  rar.  of 

O.  gracilis,  which  mu~t  be  excluded  from  the  synonymy  of  O.  ddiiia,  no.  CiTK). 
006.  The  fiorure  of  Purpura  biserialis,  jun.,  lirit.  Mus.  tablet  '22'V2,  is  stated  by  Mr. 

A.  Ad.  to  represent  the  genus  Siniiiiiffera,D'Orh.,  =  Chelicrupis,  l*"bs.  ;  just  as 

Maci/iUivrayia  is  the  young  of  Dolium. 

611.  Ithizochvihis  ntir-\-R.  distnns,  Cpr. 

612.  Tli»'  young  of  Vitularia  s(tIehrosa  is  named  /';«?/.«  himcllosm,  lids.,  in  Brit.  Mus., 

and  is  also  the  "  Ranelln  triquetra  "  of  NuttuH's  collection. 

618.  Is  probably  C  baccata,  Gask.,  in  Mus.  Cum.,  though  Mr.  (Jaskoin  regarded  it 
as  new.     The  var.  ohsoleta,  6186,  is  probably  ('.  (/alaiias,  1{\  e. 

619-622.  These  shells  may  perhaps  be  better  studied  under  Daphnella. 

0."51.  Certainly  =  A'!  gemmulma,  C.  B.  Ad. 

6.3;3.  Nassa  crebristriata  ma}'  rank  as  a  var.  under  proxima,  C.  B.  Ad.,  which  is  pro- 
bably itself  a  var.  of  lersicolor. 

039.  This  aberrant  group  of  ft)rms  is  now  transferred  to  Canthanis  in  Mus.  Cuming. 
Perhaps  they  rank  better  with  Sit}hotialia,  A.  Ad. 

Gu.3.  A)iarhis  mfotincta  ("  new,"  teste  Gaskoin)  is  probnbly  =  Co?,  diminufa,  C.  B. 
Ad.,  in  Mus.  Cum.,  but  scarcely  agrees  with  the  diagnosis,  nor  was  the  ac- 
cordance noticed  in  the  Amherst  types. 

659.   =P.  elegans,  Gray,  in  Griti".  Cuv.  pi'  2o.  f.  2.  (1^34.) 

Tho  following  species,  since  found,  must  be  added  to  the  catalogue  of  the 
Reigen  Collection.  The  specimens  are  deposited  in  the  British  Mnseum; 
The  descriptions  of  nos.  693-695  appear  in  the  appendix  to  the  Brit.  Mus. 
Cat. ;  the  remainder  are  ready  for  the  press. 

704.  Ci'Uvpora  areolata,  Busk.     On  Oviphalius  ligttlatus. 

705.  Membranipora  ?Flemingii,  Busk.      „  „ 

707.  Dttdylina—G.  B.  Ad.,  Pan.  no.  516.    Obtained  from  M.  Reigen,  at  Mazatlan, 

by  Major  Rich. 
09.3.  Lyonsia,  sp.  ind.,  1  sp. 

694.  ?Monfacuta  chalcedonica,  1  sp. 

706.  ?Montacuta  obtiisa,  n.  s.,  2  sp.     Congeneric  with  157,  158. 

695.  Crenel/a,  sp.  ind.,  1  sp. 
69(5.  Pecftmcidm,  sp.  ind.,  1  sp. 

697.  Cglichna  Carpenteri,  Ilanl.,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  543,  1  sp.     P=  C.  luticola,  jun. 

698.  Scissurella  rimidoides,  n.  s.,  1  sp. 

699.  Vitritu'Ua  ornata,  n.  s.,  1  sp. 

700.  Vitrini'Ua  temiisculpta,  n.  8.,  1  sp, 

701.  ?  Vitrinella,  sp.  ind.,  fragment. 

702.  Mangilia  sulcata,  n.  s.,  1  sp. 
70.3.  ??Torinia,  sp.  ind.,  2  sp. 

708.  Malea  ringens.     Obtained  from  M.  Reigen,  at  Mazatlan,  by  Major  Rich. 

.5.3.  Jai/s  Catalogue. — ilr.  Hanley  states  that  after  the  return  of  Prof. 
NTittall,  his  duplicates  were  bought  by  the  elder  Sowerby,  who  sold  part  to 

designations  of  Lamarck,  &c.,  must  give  way  to  such  names  as  the  above ;  and  if  some 
_  other  '  Attempt '  or  '  Little  Lucubration '  of  a  year's  earlier  date  should  be  disinterred 
from  now-fortunate  concealment,  the  most  modern  'Guides'  and  'Books  of  Genera'  will  have 
to  be  re-written.  Klein's  idea  of  Argohucdnum  appears  to  have  been  that  of  a  "  Spotted 
Whelk,"  probably  Ranella  argvs.  Argobucciniim,  H.  and  A.  Ad.,  may  ftand  as  defini''!  in 
their  '  Genera'  for  the  thin  ventricose  Triton*.  'I'liey  have,  however,  divided  thefpecits 
between  I'riene  and  Lagena, 

34 


ON  MOLI.rsCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  549 

Dr.  Jay,  and  part  to  Mr.  Stainforth.  The  spocimons  in  Mns.  Cum.  wore  rr- 
ceived  from  Dr.  Jay  ;  those  in  Mas.  H;inloy  from  Mr.  Stainforth.  In  the 
third  edition  of  Dr.  Jay's  Catahtu;uc,  lS:i9,  appear  the  following  .species  whiuU 
have  not  been  identified,  and  localities  not  confirmed. 

14.  Tellina  rosea.  Lam.     California.     [Perhap'*  SauijuinolarUi  miniataJ\ 

;{.{.  Ptctt'n  tiiniifho.  lirod.        Upper  California. 

87.  Chiton  incarnaim,  Nutt.  „ 

„  Chiton  textilis,  Conr.  „ 

3i^.  Patella  plirata,  Xutt.  „ 

40.  FtJisiirel/a  pica,  ^ixtt.  „ 

41.  Crepidula  squamosa,  ^TcA.  „ 
.,  Bulla  Californica,  Nutt.  „ 

68.  Natica  variolaris.     California. 

70.   Tmchm  Californicus,  Nutt.     Upper  Cc  ifomia, 

72.  Monodtinta  fti-sca,  Nutt.  ,, 

73.  Marmorostnma  planospira,  Nutt.  „ 
„  Litorina  iostoma,  Nutt.  „ 
„    Litorina  mandata,  Nutt.  „ 

79.  Melongena  occidentalii,  Nutt.  „ 

80.  Murex  sexcostatus,  Bruu*.  „ 
8<>.  yionoceros  plumheum,  Kien.  „ 
87.  Bucnnum.  Boysii,  Nutt.  y^ 

.54.  C.  B.  Adams. — After  arranp:inw  the  duplicate  Keigen  Collection  in  the 
State  Museum  at  Albany,  New  York,  I  proceeded  to  Amherst,  Mass.,  to 
fctudy  the  type-collection  from  which  Prof.  Adams's  book  was  written.  The 
result  is  embodied  in  a  "  Review  of  Prof.  0.  B.  Adams's  '  Catalogue  of  the 
Shells  of  Panama,'  from  the  Type  Specimens,"  written  for  the  Zool.  Soo.  in 
Jan.,  and  published  in  the  Proceedings  for  July  1863,  pp.  339-369.  In  this 
paper  the  synonymy  between  the  Mazatlan  find  Panama  Catalogues  is  pointed 
out,  and  the  species  assigned  to  the  modern  genera.  The  following»are  the 
principal  corrections  needed  in  the  list.  Rep.  pp.  267-280.  The  results  in 
the  succeeding  paragraphs,  pp.  280,  281,  should  be  altered  accordingly. 
(M.=Brit.  Mus.  Maz.  Cat.) 

3.  Ovida  neglecta= arena,  var. 

8.  Cyprcca  punctidata ;  quite  distinct  from  C.  arahicula, 
11.  Ci/preea  rnbencens.  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  T.  sanguinea,  dead. 

15.  Marijinella  sapofilla,  C.  B.  Ad.,  is  perhaps  a  large  form  of  sapotilla,  Hds.      It 
is  destitute  of  the  sharp  posterior  labral  angle  seen  in  the  West  Indian 
specimens  of  c(Pndescens. 
S3.  Oliva  araneosa,  C.  B.  Ad.,=  0.  Melchersi,  M.  591. 
3.5.  Oliva  pellncida^  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  O.  aureocincta,  M.  598,  dead. 
40.  Oliva  venulata,  C.  B.  Ad.,s=  C'.  angidata,  jun. 
4.'{.  Xassa  canescens=iend  sp.  of  X.  pagodus. 

50.  Katsa  pagodu-t,  C.  B.  Ad., =dcctmsata,  Kien.  [  ?  non.  Lam.]=rt«//a,  M.  625. 

51.  Xaxsa  Pananiensis  has  the  operculum  of  Phos  and  Northia,  —  erilis,  Pws. 

52.  Na<sa  proxima  +  oi  X.  striata,  C.  B.  Ad.  [non  Mus.  Cum.  =  X.paupera,  Gld.], 

-I-  X.  crebristriata,  M.  63'},  are  probably  vars.  of  X.  versicolor. 

53.  Xassa  scabriuscula,  C.  B.  Ad., +66  N.  Wilsoni^X.  complanata,  Pws. 
70.  Piirpu.  -'/oi-eo/ato,  probably = worn  sp.  of  Cuma  costata,  M.  610. 

74.  Purpura  osculans+Eh.  Californicus +Ith.  distans,  are  probably  vars.  of  Iihiso~ 

cheiluji  mix. 
81.  Coliimhella  cosfellata,  CB.  Ai.,= Atiaehis  sealarina.  Shy.  ^^1 

98.  Coliimbella  parva,  C.  B.  Ad., = dead  sp.  ot  Anaehis  pygmeea. 

103.  CnhimMla  tessellata,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Ga8k.),  =  ^4.  Gnntrnialensix,  Rve. 

110.  Cassis  ahhreviata  can  scarcely  be  distinguished,  in  some  of  its  manv  varietiog 
from  the  Texan  Bezoardica  inflata. 

104.  Cancellaria  affinis  scai-cely  differs  from  C.  urceolata,  M.  445.  .  - 

35 


550  REPORT — 18G3. 

300    Cnvrfllnrin  pvflm/pn=  C  f^muostoma,  jun.,  no.  157,  =M.  440. 

lt>4.   I'll  III-:  tiihiu  utrior  =  l)riltia  v.  MfUher»i.  M.4('il. 

lO'J.  I'/iiirotoniu  discors,  C  B.  Ad.,  is  probably  a  finely  developed  var.  of  D, 

aifiriina. 
lf^2.  Phinotnttia  rusti'cn,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  worn  spefimen.s  of  Z).  Melchersi,  no.  1G4. 
I'.il.  JLiiij/f/ia  npglecta,  probably  =  3/.  ucuticwtata,  M.  47^. 
]'.'4,  11).").  201  belong  to  Cerithiopsis. 
lS)(i.   Cerithitim  fameliciim  must  stand  for  the  West  Coast  Uncinoids,  M.  380;  the 

Cuniiugian  shell,  and  two  out  of  ten  in  the  tvpe-series,  belong  to  C.  me- 

(Uolave,  M.  382. 
193,  W9,  200  are  various  forms  of  C.  sferctts  musranim,  Val. ;  quite  distinct  from 

C.  interniptum,  Mke.,  and  C.  irroratnm,  Cild. 
203.  Does  not  correspond  with  the  diagnosis,  and  must  stand  as  Chrysallida  pern- 

percida,  a  very  distinct  species. 

208.  Is  scarcely  a  variety  of  Triforis  alfernatus,  no.  207. 

20!).  lioth  the  specimens  are  dcxtTal,=i  CWilhiopfiig  titberculoides,  M.  «).')7. 
210.   Twritella  Banksii,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Itie.)  =  T.  t/onionfonia,  jun.,  M.  379. 
217.  A  dead,  stunted  specimen  of  Cacum  undatum,  M.  371. 

220.  Chtmnitzia  acuminata  is  a  very  broad  but  typical  .«pecies ;  not  Chn/sallida. 

221.  Chemnitzia  affinis,  Mus.  Cum.  and  M.  52.3,  has  sufficient  correspondence  with 

the  diagnosis;  but  the  type=C%.  tindufa,  M.  ry.]l. 

222.  Chomnitzia   clathrattda.      The   type-series   contains    Chrysallida   clathratida, 

M.  513  and  Mus.  Cum.,+ CAr.  communis -^-C'hr.  effusa,  M.  510,  + I>uHkeria 
subantfulafa,  M.  537. 

223.  Chemnitzia  communis,  the  tvpe  of  Chrysallida,  M.  .507,  Cpr.  (vix  A.  Ad.). 

The  type-series  also  contains  Chr.  effma-\-  Chr.  tclescopium,  M.  508,-h2>m»- 
keria  subanyulata, +  ?do.  var. 
225.   Chemrutzia  major  ranks  with  Dtmkeria. 

227.  Chtmnitzia  Panamensis  contains  also  Ch.  Adamsii,  M.  519, -fC%.  ?  graciUima, 

M.  5:50. 

228.  Chemnitzia  similis,  like  actdeus ;  differs  from  Ch.  ?similis,  M.  520,  which  per- 

l\fips=Prtnrtni«iSM,  var. 
230.    Chniinitzia  tui'rita=2ol,  "  Eissoa,  sp.  ind." 
2.31,  23."),  237,  2:i8.  These  species  of  "  fLitorina  "  belong  to  Fo*sarus. 
233.  Litnj-inaatrata-\-{tiA\\\t)  257,  fAdeorbis  ahjecta,  are  the  same  (variable)  species 

of  Fossarina,  A.  Ad. 
219.  Litorina  panula,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Phil.),  =  Z.  Philippii,  M.  398. 
244.  Hissoajirmata+C^wn.)  2.50,  R.  scaliformis= liissoina,  sp.  M.  409. 
246.  ?Ilis.<oa  inconspicua,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Aid.),  does  not  accord  with  the  diagnosis, 

but  is  identical  with  Aliania  tumida,  M.  414. 
249.  Rissna  notabilis-\-Cingula  ?ttirrita  belongs  (with  252  and  254}  to  another 

suborder,  =  iVo-^AfHirt  quinquerincta,  M.  498. 
2.")2.  ?Ci)ifiula  inconspicua=  Chrysallida  ovidttm,  M.  512. 
2.'^3.   Cinyula  patipercula  =  ?  Odostomia  mamillata,  M.  492,  =  JJiala. 
2-^4.   Ciiifftda  terebellum  =  Parthenia  exaruta,  M.  501. 
2(51.    VitrimUa  minuta.     The  original  type  accords  better  with  Ethalia, 
20(5.    Vitrinella  reyulans  is  also  an  Ethaha. 

209.  VitrimUa  valvatoides.     Probably  an  Ethalia. 
270,  271.  Are  appai'entlv  vars.  of  Solarium  granulatum. 

272.  May  be  distinguished  as  lorinia  rotundata,  from  its  great  superficial  resem- 
blance to  Helix  rotundata. 

275.  Trochufi  Leanus  is  a  pale  var.  of  CaUiostoma  ifAndrere. 

276.  Trochus  lima  can  scarcely  be  distinguished  from  C.  Antonii,  Mus.  Cum., 

dredged  in  the  .Japan  seas  bv  Mr.  A.  Adams. 

277.  Trochus  liridus,  C.  B.  Ad.,=.Modulu8  disculus.  M.  403. 

280.  Trochus  ret ictdatus=  Omphalius  viridulns,  M.  292. 

281.  Turbo  Buschii,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  Uvanilla  inermis,  M.  287,  =  T.  variegafus,  Gray,  MS. 

in  Brit.  Mus.     The  true  U.  Eu^chii  is  coloured  outside  like  U.  oticacea,  but 
with  a  white  base  like  U.  inermis.     St.  Elena,  lids,  in  Brit.  Mus. 

282.  Turbo  phasiaiiellUf  C.  B.  Ad.,  is  probably  the  perfect  form  of  Puasianella^  ?vai. 

36 


OS  MOLLTTSCV  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  VORTH  AMERICA.  551 

striulafn,  M.  SS^Ji.      Its  opemilura  proves  it  to  be  a  true  PhananeUa,  and 

ni)t  Mflnraphe  phanianilla,  Pliil.,  of  Add.  Gen. 
28-1.    Tnrhn  rtttilitu,  the  worn  remains  oi  what  purhaps  was  once  Poinaulax  widosua, 

hnmirht  in  baUa-it  tVom  Lower  Ciilitbnna. 
:?-f»    Sriilnria.  sp.  r,=  Opn/ia  funiculata.'yin.,  -M.  509. 
1»'.K).   KitUma  •Li-iodriicn]  iota  appeal's  di-ttinct  from  L.  retorta,  M.  555. 
•J.\y2.  Emima  \  Mucrona/ia]  .lo  i'tun'a  =  Leiostnica,  sp.  a,  M.  5.52. 
2!t{.   PjirumideUa,  8p.,  =  06^/j<r««  Adatmii,  M.  480. 
I'.Kj.  N'ltica  lurrla,  C.  li.  Ad., = pale  var.  of  iV!  maroccuna. 
■207.  ?>\tticfi  ntis,  C.  B.  Ad.  (aou  I3r.  and  Siby.J,  =  Poliiiices  "  Salangotiemis,''  C.  B.  Ad., 

no.  298. 
2(X).  Natica  SonJeyetiana,  C.  B.  Ad.,  closely  resembles  JV!  tnaroccana,  with  larger 

umbilifiis. 
.300.   Xiitira  viryinea,  C.  B.  Ad.,-f-.'',02,  N.,  sp.  ind.  b,  =  Poliruces  ubei;  M.  576. 
oOl.   Ka*ica,  sp.  a,  =  maroccnna,  var.  unifa^ciata. 
318.  frTruncahU'i  dithiim  is  probablv  a  Paludinella, 

321.  liuUa  punctu1ntn  =  It.  Aduimii,  M.  224. 

322.  Pul/u,  »'p.=2Torn(ifiiia  carinnfa,  M.  22."5. 

.')2.{.    Vermctim  'fi/lomendits.  V.  W.  Ad.,=  f'.  ehurnem,  Rve.,  M.  .354. 

324.    Vcniietus  Panamemiis,  C.  B.  Ad.,=.<4/t'<e^  ceiitiquadnis,  M.  352. 

32").   Sfomidetla  injlata  is  a  Lnmellaria. 

32(5.  Jlipponyx  Ymbrufa,  C.  B.  Ad.,=  //.  (?/-aya;H*s,  jun.,  M.  350,  +  ?ftar6rt<iM,  jun. 

327.  Hippomjx  '^bnrhata,  C.  B.  Ad.     The  type-series  contjiins  if.  barbatus,  M.  349, 

4-JEf.  Grayanus+  I)i<cina  Ctimitiyn,  M.  14  (valve). 
330.   Ca/yptro'a  aberrans  is  a  valve  of  Anomia. 
3^31.   Cah/ptrcpa  aspersa=  Gulerus  coMiCiw, broken,  worn,  and  young;  one  sp.  may  be 

mamilktri<. 
S33.   Calyptreca  conica.     Most  of  the  specimens  are  (?.  mamiHa ris,=  5i0,  G.  regit- 

Inris:  but  a  few  may  be  tlie  true  G.  conicus,  worn,  M.  332. 
338.    Calyptrrea  planulafa  is  a  young  flat  C.  cepacea. 
342.   Calyptraa  'f?unyim,  C.  B.  Ad., =  CructbidHm  s/nnosum,  jun. 
34^3.   Crepidula  cffithicda^C.  o«yx,  jun.,  M.  .'{40,4-6'.  incur ca.'^xxn.,  M.  3.39. 
349.  Crepidtda  squama.   Some  of  the  young  shells  belong  to  C  onyx ;  one  perhaps 

to  C.  inciirva. 
850.  Crepidula  unguiformis.    Some  of  the  specimens  belong  to  this  species ;  others 

to  C.  nicea. 
351.   Crepidida  nicea.     The  t_%'pe-specimens  are  small,  poor,  and  rough,  of  the  var. 

striolata,  passing  into  Lessonii.     Perhaps,  therefore,  the  first  name  squama 

should  be  retained  for  the  species  (nos.  348,  349,  350,  part,  and  351j,  leaving 

striolata  and  Less'mii  for  the  vars. 
S52.  Crepidula  osctduns  belongs  to  another  order,  =  SciUeUina  navicelloides,  M.  269. 
353.  Crepidula  rostrata,  C.  B.  Ad.,  llve.,=  C.  uncata,  Mke.,  M.  338  ;  and  is  perhaps 

distinct  from  C.  adunca,  i>hy.,  =solida,  lids. ,  =  ro.striformi8,  Gld. 

357.  Fissurelh  mierotretna.     Dead  shells,  of  which  part=  F.  rugosa,  var.  M.  273. 

358.  Fismrella  mm.     Intermediate  between   Glyphis  in&qualis,  M.  279,  and  var. 

pica. 
361.  FissurfUa  virescens.    Intermediate  between  F.  v.,  M.  271,  and  F.  nigropunctata, 
no.  359. 

366.  Siphonaria  ?pica,  C.  B.  Ad.     Young  dead  limpets  \?Acmaa']. 

367.  Lottia  fpatina,  C.  B.  .\d.  [non  Esch.],  may  stand,  until  more  specimens  have 

been  collated,  as  Acmaa  (?Jloceata,  xar.)  Jilosa. 

368.  Lottta,  sp.  ind.  a,  may  be  quoted  as  Acmaa  {?Jloccata,  var.)  subrotundata. 

369.  Lottia,  sp.  ind.  6,  may  rank,  for  the  present,  as  Acmaa  (?vegpertina,  var.) 

rernicosa. 
371.  fPatella,  sp.  ind.,  resembles  P.  ttdgata,  but  may  be  an  Aemeea. 
372-37G.  There  was  no  opportmiity  of  dissecting  the'  Amherst  Chitons  ;  but  among 

the  remaining  duplicates  o{  the  collection  (all  of  which  were  obtained  and 

brought  to  England)  were  the  following  : — 
C73.  Chiton  div^fir.  C.  B.  Ad.  {?  non  Sby.),  including  Zepidoplewus  Adamsii  and 

var.  and  L.  teiiuiscul^ius. 

37 


552  »EroRT— 18C3. 

.'<7.'.   Ctifm  piiJrhilluK,  nlon<r  with  Isrhnochitnn  Elennma,  and  ?var.  exjrressua. 

.".7(5.   Chiton  Stokeaii.     t^eiit  as  T. /Wm/jm  by  Mr.  ( 'uuiiiif,'. 

377— "^70.   Probably  vars.  of  An  miii  tenuia  (mm  iam/>e). 

IM),  'Ml.   Osfna,  j»p.  iml.  u  aud  i,  a  peculiar  corrugated  species,  which  may  stand 

as  O.  I'lintinifnsi/i. 
382.  O.^/zva,  3^>.   iud.  c,  resembles  O.  r«/a,  Gld.,  MS,  (not  Lam.  in  Deless.),  not 

( 'o/unihu-mti.t. 
38.3.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  d,  more  like  the  Gulf  Mex.  shells  than  O.  Vir</inica,  M.  212. 
384.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  i;  may  stand  as  O.  amara.     The  "  small  var."'  ia  O.  concha- 

phila,  M.  214. 
38(5.   Spoiuh/lm,  ^\\,  =  riicatula  peniciUata,  M.  210. 
393,  304.  A;v(a,  sp.  «,  6,=  /.  Chemnitzianum.     The  Jamaica  conspecific  shells  are 

labelled  "  birolor,  Ad." 
30(».  P(////«  tuhirculiKia,  C.  H.  Ad.,  probably = P.  maura,  jun. 

308.  Lithixhmm,  .«p.,  includes  Z.  aristatua,  M.   1713,  Z.  attenuatus,  M.  173,  and 

Z.  'fplamula,  j{m.,  M.  175. 

309.  Modiolti  Kvmifitsca,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  .V:  i?ra=j7»en«s,  M.  171.  More  like  the  Atlantic 

shells  than  are  those  from  Gulf  Cal.     A  specimen,  undoubtedly  from  N. 

Zealand,  is  pronounced  con.specific  by  Mr.  Cuminp. 
400-404.  M(>(fii>/a,  sp.  ind  ,  contains  M.  caj'jojc,  M.  170,  Mi/t.nmltifonnis[=:Adatn~ 

slaniiJi,  Dkr.l,  M.  KW,  several  vars.,  and  AduUi  cinnumomea,  var.  M.  177. 
405.   Chdnia    liuddiuna    (in    poor  condition j  =  C'A.    {'rfrondosa,    var.)   fomicata, 

M.  121  h. 
40ft.   Clutmu  ?corni!/at(i,  small  valve;  larjre  one  ?=  Ch.  Mexicana,  reversed. 
407.   Chama  ichinata,  C.  B.  Ad.,  'i  =  Mexicana,  j\in.,-\-Jiuddiana,  ^uu 
414.  Area  ?avicidoides,  C.  B.  Ad.,  appears  a  young  Scaphurca. 
410.  Area  phohidifornm=.  Barb)  it  ia  ijradata,  var. 
422.  Area  similis,  scarcely  a  variety  of  ^.  tuherndosa,  no.  425. 
432.   C'ardiuni  planicoMutum,  V.  B.  Ad.,  may  be  a  worn  valve  of  Hemicardia  hian- 

ffulata,  but  more  resembles  a  ballast  specimen  of  the  W.  Indian  7/.  media, 
435.    Venus  'famatfiwfia,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  Anomalocardia  suhimbricata,  M.  113 
43ft.    Venus  discors=  Tapes  f/rata,  ^I.  110,  var., +  71  histrionica,  M.  100. 
442.    Venus,  sp.  b,=  Chii>ne  suf/dlafa,  live.  (,=?crenifera,  M.  105). 

450.  Gmddia  Pacijica,  M.  110^  does  not  belong  to  the  Professor's  genus,  but  is  a 

form  of  Crassatella. 

451.  Cxfrena  maritima.     "  The  discoverv  of  Cyrente  in  brackish  water  is  a  fact  of 

some  importance  to  geologists,  wliich  was  duly  appreciated  by  D'Orb."  (T. 

Prime,  in  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  18(31,  p.  314.) 
457.  Donax  rostratus,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Gld.,  MS.,  and  from  it  Cpr.  in  M.  Appendix, 

p.  549),  teste  type-valve=Z>.  carinatm,  Mus.  Cum.  dim,  and  trom  it  M.  71 ; 

non  li.  carinatus,  Mus.  Cum.  hodie,  and  type,  teste  Hanl.,  =  Z>.  cidminaius, 

M.  72. 
459.   Telfina  coffnata  =  Psammobia  casta,  Rve.,  teste  Cuming. 
466.  Teliina  felix.  The  affiliation  of  this  shell  to  Striyilla  fucata,  Gld.,  ]\IS.,  was 

doubtless  due  to  an  accidental  eiTor  in  labelling.     No.  47(3  is  the  same 

species,  dead. 
468.  Teliina  pudla.     Resembles  T.  felix,  not  ??puella,  M.  59. 
471.  Teliina  simulans.     The  type  valve  exactly  accords  with  the  Professor's  W- 

Indian  specimens. 
473.  Teliina  vicina,  CR.  AA.,=versicolor,  C.  B.  Ad.,  MS.  on  label.    Larger  than 

most  W.  Indian  specimens,  which  exactly  accord  with  the  Acapulcans,  and 

are  varieties  of  lletcrodonax  bimaadatus.      The  Panamic  shells  resemble 

the  Lower  Califomian,  which  are  Psainviubia  Pacifica,  Conr. 

477.  Petricola  cognata.     Perfect  specimens  are  P.  pholadiformis,  teste  Cum. 

478.  Saxicara  tenuis,  Shy.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  H.  and  A.  Ad.,  =  'Petncola  tenuis,  H.  and  A. 

Ad.  Gen.  pp.  349-411,  and  better  accords  with  the  latter  genus. 
470,482.   Cundnyia  coarctata  =  lameUma,  var.  M.  42. 
480,  481.    Cumingia  triyonularis,  M.  43. 

483.  Cuminyia,  sp.  c,  =  M.  45,  and,  if  not  described,  may  stand  as  C.  Adamsiu 

484.  Cuminyia,  sp.  d,  =  ^.  tablet  107,  p.  31. 


ON  Moii.rsrA  or  the  west  toa'st  of  north  America.         5C3 

4^'').  AmpJiiilrsma  birolor^Stmtli'  ?ri'niisffi.  M.  41  fnoii  A.  Ad. \ 

4"^'.  Aniphiiltsittu  proxiiiiiiiii,  j)robiil)lv  =■<>'♦$.  vllipticum,  \ar. :  aot  Simele  projrima, 

M.  40.  =  .V/«(v,sr«/i.i.  (ild..  M.'p.  r;4S. 
4'"*!*.  Auiphitlmntn  strinmim,  roeiiiMcTi  Srfnrlr  piilrhrn,  no.  4)*8. 
4'Jl.  .Impfiulfftiiin  vvntriroMiiH.     Scurccly  p'rfcct  eiiouijh  to  distinguish  the  genus. 

The  valve  outside  ri'-itnd)lfs  Mncumii  suluhiln. 
4^7.  Analinu  alta.     A  valve  of  PtrliilnniH  ;  probably  one  of  the  Gulf  ppeeies. 

498.  I'antlora  coniuta,  iinnied  uiid  described  from  a  fractured  growth  ;  rcsi  niblos 

Vltditjphora  clnvirtdnta. 

499,  500  are  varieties  of  the  same  species  oi  Azara,  of  which  perhaps  no.  501  is  an 

extreme  form. 
60G.  Corbula  nibra=  C.  hinuliata,  jun.,  no.  503,  M.  31.     No.  509  are  dead  valves 

of  the  8ame,=  ('.  po/i/chroma,  Cpr. 
508.   Corbula,  sp.  a,  resenib.es  ('.  pustiilosa,  M.  .32. 

610.  iSiilentrtun  affinis,    probably  =&  Ciiribhfritn=.Sifiqiian'a  f/ibba,  Spengl.,   S.I. 

Check-List,  no.  222.  The  W.  African  specimens  are  attiiiuted  to  the  same 
species  by  Mr.  Cuming.  The  Mazatlun  shells,  M.  37,  have  a  ditilreut 
aspect,  but  closely  resemble  the  Ariquibo  specimens  in  Mus.  Amherst. 

611.  So/en  nulis  is  named  Saleiia  ohliqua,  Spengl.,  in  Mus.  Cum.     It  appears  iden- 

tical with  EitsuteUa  awhit/ua.  Lam.,  as  figured  by  Deless. ;  but  'S'.  amli>t;iia 
(I^m.),  Swains.,  is  slightly  difi'erent,  and  better  agrees  with  the  dead  vu.vcs 
of  *'  &  mediux,  Aliitska,"  in  Brit.  Mus.  These  may,  however,  be  only  bnlhist- 
valves.  As  <S'.  atttbiijna.  Lam.,  was  described  from  America,  and  the  form 
is  not  known  elsewliere,  it  probably  represents  the  I'anamic  shell. 

515.  Pholas,  sp.  a,  =  laqmaftt,  teste  Cum. 

610.  Pholas,  sp.  b,  closely  resembles  Dactylina  dactylus;  also  La  Paz,  teste  Kich. 

The  following  species  were  collected  by  Prof.  Adams,  but  do  not  iippo;  r 
in  his  Catalogue ;  they  were  found  either  mixed  with  others  in  the  Amherst 
lluseum  or  in  the  shell-washings  of  his  duplicates*. 


518.  Muniiola  ovata. 

519.  Chi-ysiillida  effusa. 

520.  Chrvsallida  telescopium. 

521.  Chrvsallida  fasciata, 

522.  Chrvsallida,  n.  s. 
525.  Leiostraca  retexta. 

524.  Eulima  yod. 

525.  Volutella  margaiitula. 
520.  Caecum  semilseve. 
527.  Caecum  subquadratum. 


528.  Caecum  clathratum. 

529.  Lepidopleurus  tenu  scnlptuai 

5.30.  Iscnnochiton  Eleueusis. 

5.31.  Cerithiop-sis,  n.  s. 

532.  Lucina  capMX. 

533.  Kellia  suborbicularia» 

534.  Sphoenla  fragilis. 

535.  Tellina  laminala. 

536.  Crenella  intlata. 


55.  Bnfish  Museum  Catalogues. — To  the  list  of  Deshaycs,  Cat.  VeneriJce, 
n-jy  be  added — 

7.  Dositiia  ponderosa,   GTaj,=  Ci/th,  gigantea,   Sby,,=  F<?nM5  cydoides,   DOrb. 

[Gulf]  California. 
135,  Cf^ione  callosa  [Desh.  et  auct.  Iint.,=  Ch.  Jluctt/raga,  var.,  quite  distinct  from 

Callista  (Atnian(is)  callosa^,  Conr. 
147.  CVitone  a*rfrt/-<(«W<'«,  Beck,  Greenland.      [1849.    =  Tapes  fitictuosa,  CAd.,  1841; 

teste  Gld.,  Otia,  p.  181.    Midd.'s  figures  more  resemble  V.  Keimefleyi,  juu.] 

The  authorities  are  rarely  given  for  localities  quoted  in  this  elaborate 
•work.     The  same  species  often  occur  under  different  names.     The  Veneridce 

*  With  regard  to  the  species  which  have  received  different  designations  in  the  Eeigen 
and  Adameiau  catalogues,  whether  those  names  be  retained  of  which  the  specimens  exist, 
and  liave  been  widely  distributed,  in  accordance  with  the  diagnoses,  or  whether  the  prior 
ones  be  adopted  of  wliich  the  unique  types  do  not  represent  the  descriptions,  is  a  matter 
of  little  moment  to  the  writer  of  the  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  He  spared  no  pains  in  makintr-out 
his  jiredecessor's  species  before  describmg  his  own,  and  has  offered  the  best  sttaiuabie 
hit  of  the  parallel  forms  in  the  review  here  quoted. 


r>54  urpoRT— 1SG3. 

in  the  Brit.  "Mns.  Coll.  have  received  Deshayes'  auto:»raph  names,  in  accord, 
anee  with  this  Catalogue,  generally  on  the  back  of  the  taiilets. 

In  the  Urit.  Mus.  Catalogue  of  Volutidce*,  1855,  Dr.  Gray  arranges  tha 
W.  Coast  species  thu.s  : — 

Page.   Ifo. 

17  7.  L>/nn  (Erxpfa)  H.irpn,  Adams.  167:  Gray,  P.  Z.  S.  1855.  p.  61 ;  Hnh.  Peru, 

=  Voluta  Hai-pa,  Harnes.  Sby.,  Conch." Thes.    [=  Valuta  liarnedi,  Gray, 
Zool.  .loiim.  vol.  i.  p.  51 1,  note.] 

18  10.  Lijria  (EiKsta)  C'umingii,  Brod.  (loc.ctt).     Central  America,  S.  Salvador, 

GulfFouseca. 

56.  Sailors  Coll. — Peden  Isenaforius  may  be  a  form  of  sericeus,  Hds. 

57.  GoiihVs  Collections. — "  Planorhis  ammott,  =  TrasIi'ei,  Lea.  P.  (jrnci- 
lentus  '?  =z  Liehmanni,  Dkr..  or  Huldemanni,"  teste  Gld.  MS.  The  collec- 
tions of  Mr.  Blake  and  others  will  be  found  under  the  "  Pacific  Railway 
Explorations,"  v.  posteci,  par.  98. 

58.  Brithjes. — Some  of  the  species  described  as  new  on  Mr.  Cuming's 
authority  appear,  on  further  comparison,  to  be  identical  with  those  before 
known. 

?Scrobicutan(i  pro(1urfa  =  Lutricola\  Domhei/i,  Lam. 

Strigilia  (Usjinicta  nppears  to  the  author  identical  with  S.  stncera,  Hani.  ["  Quite 
distinct.''  H.  Cuminj^.j 

LyoDsia  d{<iph(ina=iL.  injlata,  Conr. 

Callioittomn  M^Audrece^novmsX  state  of  C.  Lemwm,  C.  B.  Ad. 

Natica  erc'ivata  +  X.  Hiineti,  Reel.,  appear  varieties  of  N.  EletKP,  Reel.,  the 
analogue  oi  lincotn,  (  hemn. 

Add  Atom  ("  Tnchotropis")  Gotikiii,  II.  and  A.  Ad.,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  309;  1861, 
p.  272. 

59.  Pror.  Zool.  Soc. — The  following  additional  synonyms  have  been  ob- 
served in  the  list.  Rep.  pp.  285-288 : — 

Page. 

1835      43.   I'l mis  leucodon-\-  Califomien.«ts  [=Chione  succtncta,\a\.  1833]. 
„        110.   P<-rfen  circtd^iri.s  [?  =  venfricosii$,  mn.^. 

1850  24.  PI.  8.  f.  4.  (Add)  Vtanim/ia  similis,  A.  Ad.     N.W.  coast  of  America. 

„         37.  Gena  raria,  A.  Ad.     Mindoro,  9  fms.,  6'«»ij«.9;    Australia;  Acapulco, 
on  the  sands,  M<>ff<U.     [Clearly  imported.] 

1851  153.  Infnudibtdum  Californiann  [is  a  Pacific  8hell  =  J.  cJdoromphalus,  var.]. 
„        168.  Ziziphimis  CaUfornictts  [=  Culliostoma  eximitim,  Rve.]. 

„       190.  Man/arita  calustoma  [  =  31.  pupilla,  G\d.,  =costellat(t,  Brit,  Mus.  Col., 
non  Sbv.]. 

1853  185.  Pdi'udolii'a  KeUettii,  A.  Ad.  [  —  Marron  (Zemira)  Kellettit,  Mu«.  Cum. : 

=  Piisio  trochlea,  Gray,  MS.  in  Brit.  Mu.s.    Cerros  Is.,  Ay  res]. 

1854  316.  Chlorostoma  fmiebrale  [  =  2V.  marginatus,  Nutt.  (non  Rve.);  =  T. mocstus, 

aiict.  noiinul. ;  non  .Jonas]. 
„       359.   Tellina  Mazatlanica  [  =  T.  pura,  Gld.,  1851]. 

1855  231.   Chiton  Motdereyeusis  \^  =  Mopalia  llgnosa,  Gld.,  1840:  =  3/e»"cAj»^Midd., 

18471. 
„       231,  232.  Ch.  Hartioegii  and  regtdaris  belong  to  Ischnochiton. 

*  In  Donovan's  '  Naturalist's  Repository,'  vol.  ii.  1834,  p.  61,  appears  (without 
authority)  "  Voluta  Dufre.tnii,  Don.,  California,  S.  America." 

t  This  belongs  to  a  group  of  sjiecies  in  which  the  cartilago  is  semi-internal,  intermediate 
hot  ween  Scrohicvlaria  {  =  Lufrii  ola)  and  Macoma.  They  are  arranged  under  the  fornicp 
group  in  Add.  Gen.  ii.  409,  as  "  subgen.  Capua,  Bosc."  That  Lamarokian  name  being  in 
common  use  for  Iphigcnia,  Schum.,  and  being  also  employed  for  Afaphis  and  Gasfravo.  it 
adds  to  the  confusion  to  use  it  for  a  fourth  group.  The  bulk  of  Blainville's  old  gnius 
liaving  migi'ated  to  Lutraria  and  Scrobicuiaria,  his  name  may  be  revived  lor  this  grouu 
not  otherwise  provided-for.  The  S})ecie8  was  redescribed  in  cousti^ueuce  of  UumU^i  hmiu^ 
beeu  left  among  the  true  Ttlknn  in  Mus.  Cum. 

4d 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  oDJ? 

Pitgo. 

1855  214.   Callnpoma  drpressum  l_  =  SenecfusfumcuIatus,K\cn.:  not  American]. 
The  following  species  appear  in  later  numbers  of  the  Proceedings  : — 

1856  360.  Mi/tilm  A/lamnianui,  Dkr.  [  =  M.  multiformis].     Panama,  Cumin j, 
„       365.   Volsella  splendida,  Dkr.     California. 

Dr.  Gray,  in  his  elaborate  article  on  the  Olnidce,  1858,  pp.  38  et  seq., 
gives  0.  jidieta,  Duel.,  0.  araneosa,  Lam.,  and  0.  venulata.  Lam.,  as  syno- 
nyms of  Strephona  reticularis.  Lam. ;  and  quotes  as  "species  (?)  more  or  less 
allied  to  it,"  0.  polpasUi,  Duel.,  0.  splendiduhi.  Duel.,  "  O.jaspidia,  Ducl.,= 
0.  Dm-Iosii,  live."  [?],  0.  A:(//fOH^')ur,  Duel.  (Gallapagos),  0.  Cuuiinjii,  live., 
and  OUva  Schumacheriana,  Beck,  "  California :  front  of  pillar-lip  brown  " 
[?=0.  Cumingii,  var.]. 

For  0.  volutella,  Lam.  (including  0.  razamola,  DucL),  he  constitutes  tho 
genus  liamola. 

For  0.  undatella,  Lam.  (including  0.  ?hieroffJijphica,  Rve.,  0.  nodidina, 
Duel.,  and  0.  ozodlna,  Duel.),  and  similar  species,  he  forms  the  genus 
Anazola. 

The  restricted  genus  Olivella  is  altered  to  Oliviiui,  and  includes  (from  the 
"West  Coast)  0,  gracilis,  Shy.,  0.  aw/rora, Duel.,  0.  teryina,  Duel.,  0.  lineolata 
=dama,  Goodall* ;  and,  in  a  section,  0.  columellaris,  Sby.,  0.  semisidcata, 
Gray,  and  0.  zonalis.  Lam. 

The  Califomian  species,  0.  hiplicata,  Sby..=  0.  nu.T,  Goodall,  in  Wood,  is 
placed  in  the  genus  Scaplnda.  This  is  constituted  for  an  animal,  "  OlivannllA 
aitrictdaria,"  D'Orb.,  on  which,  in  his  work  on  S.  America,  he  figures  the 
shell  of  0.  hiplicata  (teste  Gray).  The  shell  might  in  some  way  have  become 
mixed  with  S.  American  specimens ;  but  as  D"Orb.  could  not  possibly  have 
there  observed  the  living  animal,  the  genus  should  be  restricted  to  the  latter. 
The  shell  of  0.  hiplicata  is  very  peculiar,  and  has  not  been  found  south  of 
San  Diego.     D'Orbigny's  genus  is  Olivancillaria. 

Page. 

1859    2aO.  Te/'eftra  s<n/7ff<rt,  Sbv..  Tank.  Cat.     Panama,  Real  Lejos.     =Biicp!num 
elongatum,  Gray,  Wood,  =  2'e/-f6;-a  zebra,  Kien.,=  Ttrebra  Jlu>)uiaj 
Less. 
287.  Terebra  Salleana,  Desh.     Mexico  [?ubi],  Salle. 

302.  Terebra  Petiveriana,  Desh.  (Pet.  Gaz.  pi.  75.  f.  5).  Panama.  >Iu^.  Cum. 

303.  Terebra  ■<pecill(Ua,  Hds.     "  Probably  two  species  here  tigul^'d."     l:*an 
Bias,  Mexico. 

303.   Terebra  larviformis,  lids.     "  Probably  two  species  here  figured."     St, 

Elena,  Monte  Cluisti. 
307.  Terebra  formosa,  Desh.    Panama.    Mas.  Cum. 

307.  Terebra  iucomparahilis,  Desh.  [  =  T.  flamtiiea,  Lam.,  teste  Rve.,  P.  Z.  S. 
]8<')0,  p.  4501.     Panama.     Mus.  Cum. 

308.  Terebra  insiynis,  Desh.     Panama.    Mus.  Cum. 

428.  Spundylm  IVrfonV/',  Sby.,  pi.  40.  fig.  8.    Gulf  of  Califoniia.  Mus.  Cum. 
428.  3/«//rx  ^<p«8«^M»,  Sby.,  pi.  4s».  fig.  3.     Gulf  of  California.     Mus.  Cum. 

1800    370.  Leda  Tai/lori,  Ilanl.'    Guatemala.     Mus.  Cum.,  Taylor. 
„       440.  Leda  Hiudsii,  Ilanl.     ?  Gulf  of  Nicoya.     Mus.  Cum.,  Ilanl.,  Mete. 
„        4(Q_iL->n    ]  Review  of  Deshayes'  '  Monograph  of  the  Terebridw,'  18o!t,  by  Mr. 
I      Reeve.     His  synonvms  are  quoted  under  par.  62,  '  Conch.  Ic' 
1862     239      5    Bursa  fmc.o-co!*tato,  Dkr.     Calitomia,  Mus.  Cum.      [No   autho- 
rity.]    Like  IS.  bitubercularis,  Lam. 

•  Many  of  the  names  given  to  the  shells  in  Wood's  Suppl.  vrcrc  arbitrarily  altered  by 
I)r.  Goodall,  as  the  work  passed  tlu'ougli  the  press  (ti-ste  Urtt\  j.  However,  il  the  lu'«t 
j)u6^*Ae(/,  they  will  be  allotted  the  right  of  preeecleuco, 

41 


» 


» 

»1 


Pago. 

Sp. 

1-i 

4. 

1-2 

lo3 

5.' 

556  REPORT — 18G3. 

In  the  P.  Z.  S.  18G1,  pp.  145-lSl,  is  the  first  part  of  the  lonp-expecfea 
*'  lie  view  of  the  VennetUUe,"^  by  Otto  A.  L.  iloieh.  The  species  of  the 
AVest  Coast  are  arranged  us  follows  : — 

Stcphopomn  peiinafum,  ^llkch,  pi.  25.  f.  P>~8.         |  Eealt  jo.  on  Callop-.via 
Stcphopoma p<-uiui(u)H,  !-'vsr.ii'.s/y//«w(/,pl.:?5.f.9,10.  |       and  ('nicihu/iiin. 
aiphiDiiiim  (Ih'udn poma)  mri/dniastuin,  Mcireh,  pi.  25.  f.  12,  1^.    "rCflli- 
foruia ;  burrowing  iu  Huliotis  nudosus,  live."     \)\{iX,  a  Califoruiim 
species.] 
,,    SiphoHiutn  {Dendropoma)  megamashnn,  var.  centiqi/adra,  Moroh. 

'■  =Aletes  ccHtiquddnis,  var.  inibn'cafiis.  !Muz.  Cat.  p.  oU2,"  Morch  fnon 
Cpr.].    California,  burrowing  in  ILdiotk  xplcndens  [a  strictly  Callfor- 
niau  species,  not  found  on  the  Me.xican  coa<t"j. 
154    6.     Siphonium  (Dcndn/poma)  litiieHa.  yiiJrch.     California;  deeply  imbedded 
in  Haliotia  splemhns;  Mus.  Ciini. 
?  =  .Stoa  ammonitiformis,  M.  de  SeiTes. 

ssS/)irotf/i/pftus,  sp.,  Cpr.,  B.  A.  Report,  p.  .124. .  [Found  on  shells  from 
AVashington  Ter.  to  Cape  St.  Lucas  (also  S(X'oro  Is.,  Xanfii^) :  but  it 
has  not  been  observed  on  the  Mexican  or  Central  American  coast.] 
1G4     20.  Siphonium  7)tfi)\t/anf(irinn,\ ill.     I'anama,  J'id.;  Mazatlan,  i?t'jV/^7(. 


177    36.   f 


"  =iAletes  mar<i(inturum,  Maz.  Cat.  p.  .30.'},"  [teste  Morch,  uon  Cpr.*], 
Wtiiicidus  pe/litridiif,  lirod.  and  Shy.,  pi.  25.  f.  17-20. 
Var.  a.  pUinorboides  =  fk-rpiita  reyuluris,  Chenu.    Huh.  ? — ^  on  fMarffuri- 
tifera.     Miis.  Cum. 
,,        \ax.  aa.  hiquearis.     W.  Columbia.  Oo/iw//. 
173     ..        Xar.  ^.  ciniKDiiomina.     W.  Cohunbia,  CtDning. 
,,       ,,        Var. -y.  vdluhilis,  Miinh,  pi.  25.  f.  18,  19.=  Veniiefus  ehurneus,  Iive.,= 

V.  lumhrirnlis.  Knight.  Hab.  ? — .  Mus.  Cum. 
ti  ••  Var.  S.  vohibilis  {iididtd)  picta,  Miirch,  =  Verm,  ebumriis,  Alaz.  Cat. 
p.  ;5()4.  W.  Columbia,  Vumiiig ;  Puntarenas,  Oersted,  Jourii. 
Conch,  viii.  p.  80. 
t«  It  Var.  (.  craMd,  Morch,  =  Ser]).  Pannmoisis,  Chen.  111.  pi.  10.  fijr.  5  = 
Vermicidus  ehurneus,  Miiivh,  Joiu'u.  Conch,  viii.  ."50.  I'uniareiuii, 
Oersted.     "  Fos-il  at  Newburn,  N.C.,"  Xuttall  |_te-te  Miirch]. 

179  ..        \&T.  ^.  ti(irina,yVovd\\.     W.  Columbia,  CwHfi"////. 

. .       t .        Var.  r).  castanea,  Miirch.     On  Murex  melanoleucus,  Morch. 
. ,      . .    Operculum  :  W.  Columbia,  Cumiiuj. 

..        Var.  1,  from  var.  h.=  Vermetus  Ilindsii,  Gray,  Add.  Gen.  fig.  ?8,  a,  h, 
Puntarenas,  Oer.ited. 

180  . .        Var.  2,  di^rifer,  from  var.  8.     Puntarenas,  Oersted. 
, ,      . ,        Var.  .'{,  from  var.  t.     PI.  25.  f.  17. 

Var.  4,  imbqrano^a,  from  var.  r).     Puntarenas,  Oersted. 

181  38.   Vermiculm  efusns,  Vid.,  =  "  Vit-metus  e.,  Val."  Chen.  111.  pl.  5.  fig.  4, 

ac.  =iiipho)iium  e.,  Chen.  Man.  fig.  2801.  "  Fig.  4  of  Chen,  t  is 
from  specimen  figured  in  Voy.  Ven.  as  V.  ceiitiqiiadrKS." 
In  the  second  part  of  Miirch's  "  lleview  of  the  Vermttidie,'^  lS(il,  pp. 
326-305,  occur  the  following.  A  portion  of  the  genus  Bivonia  is  united  to 
Spiroyhjphus.  Petaloconchiis,  AJetes,  and  part  of  Bivonia  are  united  to  V>-r- 
vietiis,  Mcirch  (non  auct.).  "  e  name  Aletes  appears  to  he  used  in  a  varietal 
sense,  in  no  respect  according  with  the  subgenus  as       jribed  by  the  author. 

*  I  was  perhaps  wrong  in  referring  the  Mazatlan  shells  to  Val.'s  species ;  but  if  Jlr. 
Morch  is  right  in  liis  own  determination,  the  Mazatlan  synonyniy  and  localitv  must  be 
expunged.  There  was  no  evidence  of  a  typical  Siphonium  whenttie  Reigen  Catalogue  was 
publislied,  nor  have  I  st>en  such  from  the  whole  coast,  unless  ^h'  minute  operculinn  h, 
Brit.  Mus.  Col.,  tablet  2537,  be  supposed  the  young.  M6rch  says,  "  the  lid  is  unknown.' 
The  operculum  of  tlie  similar  Mazatlan  species,  on  wliich  the  subgenus  Aletes  was 
founded,  is  deijcribed  in  Maz.  Cat.  p.  302. 

t  "  Cpr.'s  observations  n^specting  Chenu'g  plates  (Maz.  Cat.  p.  306.  hn.  IS)  are  in  part 
erroneous,  it  being  overlooked  that  Chenu  has  two  plates  marked  '  V.' ;"  note  *,  p.  ^w, . 

42 


ON  MOLLTTSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  J.'ORTH  AMERICA.  537 

P";e.  Sp. 

I,j2    8.     Sj)ir '</li/j)iiu^  (ilUdun,  ?C^T.     yiA7.At\a.n,  Eeigen.    Operculum  ^r  et  ?/,  Maz. 
Cat.  p.  •'>l\.=I}ii:niiut  alhifla.  Cpr.,  Maz.  Cat.  p.  ;307.    Operc.  y  is  with- 
out doubt  ijf  lS/)iruff'i/p/ius,  and  not  of  liivotiia,  var.  indentata.    Uperc.  / 
is  truly  coufrfne'.-ic,  and  perhaps  conspt'citic. 
344     4.   Vertni'fus  (^'I'/tj/luciKlii-:)  roiitortits,  Cpr*   Gulf  Calif.    Mus.  Cum. 
.,       ..        Var.  (1.  repfii<(Tn!ihicodii-i).  GulfCa'.if.,  on  Mar  i/arif  if  era,  ^lus.  Cum, 
"  This  .species  is  perliap.s  a  state  of  V.  (Petalocoiichus)  nutcrophray- 
mn."     [Morch  :  uon  Cpr.jt 
S45     .,        \&r.lii.  favosa  (Thylacoduf).     C?i\.\i.,  an  Ontcibidum.     Mus.  Cum. 
. ,       , ,        Var.  y.  coiitortidn  {  T/i;//acodui).     Gulf  of  California. 
,,      .,  Forniii  1.     'rT/ti/lucttdus  contortm,  var.  indent af a,  Cpr.       '•Corre- 

sponds to  forma  \,tli'ctriint.  of  Vermetus  cariaiis,  IVOrb." 

•  .      ••        Var.  8.  )'//f/<'w^<//«  (  rM-wjc^M*),  [Morch,non  Cpr.].    Sonsouate,  on  <^;on- 

dylus  limbntus,  live.,  iion  Sby.     Oersted. 
346     . .        Var.  *.  orrodens  ( Vermttus).     Is.  Sibo  (PQuibo),  Spengler,  on  Ptii' 

pura  Uneata. 
359  20.  Vermdm  (Yr Strehlnre^-as)  anelhim,  Morch.  California,  on  Haliotis  tuher- 
adatu^,  li\e.  [Not  a  Californian  JLdiotis.  The  diafj;nosi.s,  howevt"*, 
exactly  accords  with  a  Californian  shell,  which  is  perhaps  the  young  of 
S.  sqiiaviiz/erifs.  It  has  no  resemblance  to  Slrebloceras,  Cpr.,  P.  Z.  S, 
1858,  p.  440,  wliich  is  a  p^enuine  Ciecid.] 
860     21.    Vermetus  (Mucrophrai/nta)  maen>phragina.    Mazatlan,  Szc.=iPelaloconchi.8 

in.,  Cpr.      Itealejo,  Oersted. 
362    24.    Vermetus  (Ah-tes)   centiqitadrus,  Val.  Puntarenas,    Oersted -\-V.  effusus, 
Val.  (the  ."^ame  .specimen). 
,.     ,.        Var.  u.  miixima=\'.  l\inamensis,C\iexi.^\.?).i.\.    Panama,  C.  .B. -4rf. ; 
Mazat'an.  Melchers. 
,,         Var.  (i.  Piinctis  impressis  destiluta,s=V.  Peronii,\fi\.X 
303     ..        Var.  y.  siphonuta.     Puntarenas,  Oersted=V.  Peronii,  ..ouss. 

Var.  8.  tii'ipn.  tiulf  of  California,  on  piece  of  black  Pinna,  Mus.  Cum* 
[The  Pinna  niijrina  is  from  the  E.  !•]=  V.  ttdipa,  Kuuss. 
• .      . .        Var.  €.  liiidyesii.    Panama,  on  Margaritifera,  Mus.  Cum. 

The  conclusion  of  the  paper  is  in  P.  Z.  S.  1862,  pp.  54-83. 

58      4.     Bivoniu  suHlis,  Miirch.  Central  America,  on  Anomalocardia  subimhrirata, 

Mus.  Cum. 
,.        . .        Var.  at.  'miiijir.     On  Pinna,  probably  Central  America,  ^fu?.  Dunker. 
,.        ,.        Var.  /3.  triquetra.     Mazatlan,  on  valve  oi  Placuuunomia,  Mus.  Semper. 

Like  B.  triquetra,  "  var.  ti/pica." 
70      8.     Thyhtcodes  crueiformis,  Moi'ch.      California,   on    Crueihdum   ?  umbrella, 

Desh.,  var.  Mus.  Cum.     Analogue  of  7,  T.  Riisei,  Miirch,  from  the 

east  coast. 
, ,       , .        Var.  «.  lumbriceUa.     Voy.  Ven.  pi.  11.  f.  2.     California,  crowded  on 

Maryaritifera.     Mus.  Cum. 

•  •       ••        Var.  ji.   eryfhosclera.      Cal.,   on   young   Margaritifera.      IMus.  Cun\ 

^Vrv  like  Jiir.  Quoyi,  var.  variegata.    [This  species  is  on  shells  iron 
tiie  Mexican,  not  the  "Californian"  fauua.l 
76     16.   Thylaeixles  squnmiyera,  CpT.,=^Aletessq.,Q'pv.,V.Z.^.\^^,^.22fj.     Sta. 
Biu'bara,  Nutt.  [Serpulurbis,  not  Aletes,  teste  Cooperl. 

*  Mr.  Miirch  has  not  seen  any  lamince  inside,  but,  from  the  3-5  spiral  lirae  on  the 
cohunella,  believes  tliey  will  be  toimd.  The  opercula  supposed  to  belong  to  this  sipeci  s 
(Maz.  Cat.  p.  311)  Mr.  M.  thinks  more  probably  those  of  Spiroglyphus  allidwi.  lie 
staies  (erroneou:  ly)  that  the  shell  was  not  opened  by  the  describer. 

t  Miirch  supposes  that  Bivonia  contorta,  Cpr.,  may  be  the  adult  of  Petaloconclms 
fnaerophrayma,  and  that  both  may  be  forms  of  Aletes  ceniiquadrus.  The  nuclear  por- 
tions are,  however,  quite  distinct,  and  the  three  shells  appear,  from  beginning  to  end,  as 
far  removed  as  any  ordinary  Vernietids  can  be  from  eaeh  other. 

X  The  writer  doubts  respectunj  this  species,  and  thinks  tlie  shell  on  whieh  it  is  para- 
sitical to  be  a  Melo,  and  ujt  UliQiiibus  galea,  simply  bcuause  uaiued  after  J^erou,  wito 
did  not  ribit  this  distnul. 

43 


558  KtroKT— 18G3. 

P»Ke.      Sp.  .  .  ,  ' 

76  IG  Var.  a.  ponnnfa.=i  V.  mnrgarifanim,  Val.  Vcn.  pi.  11.  f.  2.  Cfic".  Tnin.\ 
Cal.  MiK^.  Cum.  [AiKliated  to  the  Calit'oniiaii  .'•pci.lt.-s  on  >uj)[iii.-i- 
titioiis  evidence,  and  probably  di-^tinot.  Tlie.se  appear  to  be  fmin  the 
tropical  fauna.]     Analogue  of  the  W.  Indian  T.  iivciissnfits,  (iiu  1. 

79  21.  ?Thiil(U(xIes  oryznta,  ^liirch.  Probably  W.  Central  America,  from  tii9 
adhesions;  but  "China:  "  Mus.  Cum. 

• .       . .        Var.  «.  annulatu.     Panama.     Mus.  Cum.* 

In  P.Z.S.1861,pp.  229-233,  is  pven  a  "Catalogue  of  a  Collection  of  Trtres- 
trial  and  Fluviatile  Molluscs,  made  by  0.  Salvin.  Esq.,  M.A..  in  Guatemala; 
oy  the  Ilev.  H.  B.  Tristram."  But  few  of  the  49  species  occur  in  Mexican 
collections  ;  none  are  identical  with  W.  Indian  species,  except  such  as 
are  of  universal  occurrence  in  tropical  America ;  and  the  IG  new  species 
show  close  gt  leric  affinities  with  the  shells  of  the  northern  regions  of  S. 
America.  The  shells  ha^  icen  identified  from  the  Cumingian  celiectioii. 
The  new  species  are  descnuod,  and  some  of  them  figured. 

Page.    No.  PL  Fig; 

230       1  . .  . .  Helix  Ghiesbrerjhti,  Nyst.   The  largest  Helve  in  the  New  World. 

2  . .  . .  Hiix  eximia,  Pfr. 

. .        3  . .  . .  Helix  La/liana,  Pfr.,  var. 

. .        4  . .  . .  Helix  euniomphala,  Pfr.     Closely  allied  to  the  S.  American 

H.  Icixata. 

. .        5  . .  . .  Helix  coactiliata,  F<?r. 

, .        G  . .  . .  liuUmtm  Pazianm,  D'Orb. 

, .        7  . .  . .  Uulimus  Morirandi.  Pfr. 

, .        8  . .  . .  Ihiliniua  Houdiiratiantis,  Pfr. 

9  .  .  .  .  Ihi/i»)us  Di/«)ni,  Pfr. 

10  2G  8.  IJ II limns  semipeUucidtts,  n.  s.     Allied  to  B.  discrepans,  Sby. 

, .       11  .  .  . .  Succinea  ?piUris,  Ln. 

,.       12  ..  ..  Ghindina  Ghieshreghti,Vh. 

, ,      1.3  . .  . .  Glandiiia  Carminensis,  Morelet.     Described  from  Costa  Rica. 

. .      14  . .  . .  Ach(dina,  sp.  ind. 

.,       l.'j  .,  ..  AcMtina  ocfona,'iATa.. 

16  . .  . .  Snnixis  lAittni,  Pfr. 

17  ..  ..  Sinraxis  Shi'lflewoiihii,  Vft. 
2-51     18  . .  . .  Sinraxis  Cobanensis,  n.  s. 

10  . .  . .  Spiraxis,  sp.  ind. 

20  . .  . .  Leptinaria  Emmclina,  n.  a. 

. .      21  . ,  . .  Lejitinaria  Elisa;  n.  s. 

. .       22  . .  . .  Ci/lindrella  Ghieshreghti,  Pfr 

. .       2.'{  . .  . .  Ci/lindrella  S(dpinx,  n.  s. 

, .      24  . .  . .  Plii/sa  Sotcerhyana ,  D'Orb. 

. .      2.')  . .  . .  I'hysa  purpiirostoma,  n.  s.     Lake  of  Duenas. 

2(j  . .  . .  Pliiiwrbis  corpuhtdus,  Say. 

2.]2    27  ..  ..  iY«;(o;-6M^«w»W(M,  Pfr.  'rComp.  P.  <H;n«w,  Maz.  Cat.  2.38.] 

28  . .  . .  Planorbis  Wyhli,  n.  sp.     Lake  of  Duenas. 

29  . .  . .  Planorbis  Duenasianus,  n.  s.     Lake  of  Duenas. 
. .      30  . ,  . .  Planorbis,  sp.  nov.,  in  Mus.  Cum. 

..      31     .,     ..     Seyrnentina  Donbilli,  n.  a.     Lake  of  Duenas. 

..      32     ..     ..     Melampm  fasciatiui,  Chem.     Salt-marshes  on  coast. 

, .      33     . .     . .     AdamsieUa  Osberti,  n.  s. 

•  The  present  posture  of  binomial  nomenclature  is  well  illustrated  in  this  most  rlabo* 
rnte  paper,  which  few  naturalists  have  professed  to  understand.  The  shell  of  which  th« 
0])iM-culura-spine  is  figured  in  plate  25.  f.  16,  is  quoted  as  "  Siphonium  (Sloa)  tt(bcre' 
natum,  V.  spinosa."  The  shell  described  in  Maz.  Cat.  p.  307  is  quoted  as  "  fermetun 
{Thylacodus)  contortus,  var.  y.  contortula  (Thyhi  odus),  forma  1,  Thylocodu*  (?)  com 
tortus,  var.  indentata,  Cpr."  Perhaps  the  sentences  of  Klein  and  the  early  writers  are 
more  easy  to  undert,*und  and  remember.  Xbe  Chduiiida  of  Middcjidorll'  (v.  i'irst  llcport, 
p.  214)  are  iimple  in  couiparisou* 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XORTH  AMERICA.  559 

Page.    No.  PI.  Fjg. 

34  . .  .  .  Cisfula  trnchlearu.  Pfr. 

, .      3P  .  ,  , .  Chtmdriipiimd  riihiooi'Iinn,  Morelet. 

3o  ..  ..  J'/''//rt/'»Jrt.«!^o;Hrt,si«iM/rtrrMm,Morelet.  DescribedfromCostaRica. 

37  ..  ..  C'l/c/uphorus  po>u/ero.sHs,  V(r. 

38  .  .  .  .  Ci/cloj)horus  transJncidun,  Sby. 
2^33     39  26  11.  Mncrocefumus  polt/streptus,  n.  3. 

40    20  9, 10.  Helicina  Sulrini,  n.  s.     Like  H.  turhinata,  Wiegm.     Mexico. 
, .      41      .  .      .  .     JJfh'ciiia  amaena,  Pfr. 

42     . .      . .      HelicDia  Oireinana,  Pfr. 
. ,      4-'J     . .      . .     Hfiicina  merdiffera,  Salle.     Described  from  Nicaragua. 
, .      44     , .      . .     Hfiicina  Lindeni,  Pfr. 

45     . .     . .     Helicina  chn/seis,  n.  8.     Mountain  forests  of  Vera  Paz. 
,.46,47,48. .     ..     Paludinella,  3  species  apparently  undescribed. 
. .      49     . .      . .     Fachycheiliis  corvinus,  Morelet.      Lai'ger  than  in   previously 
noted  habitats. 

The  vol.  for  1863  contains  Dr.  Baird's  descriptions  of  now  species  from 
the  Vancouver  collections  of  Lord  and  Lyall,  which  will  be  tabulated,  injrii, 
par.  103  ;  and  the  Review  of  Prof.  Adams's  Panama  shells,  which  has  already 
been  quoted. 

60.  Sowerhy,  '  Conchological  Jlltistratiom,'  1841. — The  following  are  addi- 
tional localities  or  synonyms : — 

Ko.  Fig. 

2  46.   Cardittm  Indictim  [is  exotic  ;  closely  allied  to  C.  cosiattiml. 

56  18.   Cardium  niaculattim,  Sby.     Cal.,  &c.     =  C.  maculosum,  Sby.  (preoc  ). 

90  ..   Murex  imperiaiis,  Sw&ms.    Cal.    =3/.  ;}o»jw?«,  var.  Gmel.    [Peiliaps  dis- 

tinct ;  may  be  the  W.  I.  analogue  of  bicolor.] 

91  38.  Murex  erythrostoma,  Swains.     Acapulco.     \y  =  bicolor,  var.] 

45    102.   Cypraa  albxiginosa,  Gray.     Mexico,  Ceylon.     [The  Ceylon  shell  is  pro- 
bably/JornnVi,  sp.  44.] 
1      45.  Erato  scabriasnda,GT&\.     Acapulco.   =Marfftnella  cyprfpola,  Shy. 

62  40.  Fissurella  Liucolni,  Gray,  MS.  [An  extremely  tine  specimen  i  supposed 
"  unique  ")  of  Gli/phis  aspera,  Escb.  Mr.  Lincoln  is  also  quoted  for 
the  "  finest  of  the  four  known  specimens  "  of  Lucapiua  cretudata,  sp.  19, 
f.  31,38:  "Monterey."] 

54  [Erase  this  line  in  the  former  Report,  and  substitute  as  follows : — ] 

55  Bulimm  unifasciatus,  Sby.     Galapagos. 

*  Thesaurus  Conch ifliorum,'  G.  B.  Sowerby,  &c.  To  the  list  in  Rep.  pp. 
288,  289,  may  be  added  :— 

Page.      PI.        Fig. 
61      12  23.  Pecten  circularis,  Sby.     Cal.,  St.  Vincents.     [The  name  may 

stand  for  the  W.  Indian  shell,  the  Califomian  being  P.  len- 

tricostis,  ^ua.] 
r>7       12     20,21.  Pecteti  laiiatiritm,  Conr.    Cal.    +"  P.  viesotimo-is,  Conr." 
261       59         144.   Tcllifia  sincera,  llenA.     N.W.  Coast  America.    [  =  Panama."] 
769    165     36-38.    Vencrupiscylindracea,  Dtsh.   CaI.,  =  Pcfricoia  Califuniiea,Co'^r,f 

+  P.  arcuata,  Uesh.,  +  P.  sulylubosa,  Sbv. 
865    179    bQ-77.  Cerithiumocellatmn,\\ru^.     (Ju'.f  Cal,  &c.     =C.  irroratmn[C. 

B.  Ad.  (Gld.  MS.)  ;  non]  Gld.  E.  E.,=  C.  interrujdum  [C.  B. 

Ad. :  non  Mke,  nee]  Gld. 

Bp.  Fig. 

47        43,44.  Conus*  interruptm,  Mawe,  Wood.     [Slender,  coronated  sp.]  non 
Br.  and  Sby.     Hab.  ?— 

*  Mr.  Sowerby  remarks,  "  As  the  collector's  great  object  is  to  know  the  shells,  I  have 
preferred,  in  most  cases,  giving  the  species  as  they  stand,  stating  the  alleged  differences, 
and  leaving  the  final  decision  to  individual  taste."  He  further  state?,  with  regard  to  some 
groups,  that  "the  characters  of  the  shells  are  very  imcertain,  and  the  intentions  of  the 
authors  still  moi-e  so."  The  names,  references,  and  locahties  are  given  on  lists  to  face  the 
plates,  and  the  diagnoses  separately,  with  a  copious  index.    An  attempt  also  u  itiade  to 

45 


SCO  EEPORT — 18C3. 

8p.        Fig. 

G4  80.  Conns  (I'arahts,  Brod.     Galapaeos. 

79     128,129.   Conm  punrtirnlntus,  Jirug.     .Salango,  St.  Elena,  W.  Col.,  Ct<»<rt9« 
•  «  130.    Conns  puncticulatus,  \M..=p<ipill(>sus,\\.i^n. 

..  301.   Conus  puncticulattis.     [Mazatlan.] 

..  392.   Conus  puncdculatus,  yaT.,=piistn/'jncs,  "Kien.  :?+3finerifianus,  T.atn. 

h33  190.   Coniis  riryatns,  I{\e.,=zebra,  Sbj\,  non  Lam.  [Resembles  nyularU 

var.]     Salango,  W.  Col.,  Cuming. 
, .         Conus  virgntus,  \».r.,=Lorenziamis,  Rve.,  non  Chem. 
193.   Coiitis  firgatus,\&T.,=  Cumtngii. 
106  192.  Conus  scalark,  Val.,  =gra(fatus,  Rve.     Salango,  W.  Col.,  Cuming. 

127  194.  Cowws  incMri'Ms,  Brod.   [Resembles  specimens  from  La  Paz.  j   Mouta 

Christi,  W.  Col.,  Cuming. 
180     285, 402.  Conns  Ximenes,  Gray,  =  intemtptus,  Brod.,  non  Mawe.  [Like  puncti- 

culutus,  var.]     Mazatlan,  W.  Columbia,  Cuming. 
157  324.   Conus  perplexus,  Shy.     Gulf  Cal.,  W.  Col.,  t'KWiiw^r. 

84  384.  Conns  arcuatns,  Br.  and  Shy.     Mazatlan,  I'acitic  [?]. 

15        26-28.  Fissurella  Mexicana,  Sbv.     Real  Llejos,  Mexico.  |   rT>  ^i.    i      v^- 
78.  FissureUa  Mexicana,  Sbv.     Porto  Praya.  }  L^"^^  localities 

are  probably  incorrect ;  it  belongs  to  the  Chilian  fauna.] 

41  46,  47.  FissureUa  rtigosa,  Sby.     W.  Indies  [  =  W.  Mexico]. 
S-2        88,  89.  Fissurella  alba,  Cpr. '  [Gulf  ofl  California. 

65  64, 65.  Fissurella  nigrocincta,  Cpr.     [Gulf  of]  California. 

66  67.  J'/ssM/r/Za /cweftrosff,  Sbv.,  jun.  [PGulf  of]  California.  Like  the  last. 
54  80.  FissureUa  obscura,  Sbv. 'Real  Llejos,  Cum.  ["  Gal."  in  P.Z.S.  l8.!4.] 
68     154-156.  Fissurella  excelsa,  Rve.,  +  F.  alta,  C.  B.  Ad. 

8tJ  123.  Fissurella  Panamensit,  Sbv.     "  In  Conch.    111.,  this  very  distinci' 

shell  is  united  to  that  since  named  F.  excelsa,  Rve." 
115     187-189.  FissureUa  cancellata,  Soland.    St.  Vincent's,  Honduras  Bay,  Guada- 
loup,  California.     [No  authority  for  the  latter.] 

7  12,13.  Ha)-pa  Hivoliana,  hesB.,  =  II.  crenata,Sv;a,m9.    Acapulco. 
1860. 

2  57.  Dentalium  pretiosmn,  Nutt.  "  =striolatnm,  Stn.      Massachusetts. 

Less  curved  and  tapering  near  apex  than  D.  enfale,  more  cylin- 
drical throughout,  but  a  doubtful  species."      [The  type-speci- 
mens are  not  striated.]     Califoniia. 
43  10.  Dentalium  hexagonum,  iWA.     N.  America:  China,  Singapore. 

42  34.  Dentaliu7n    pseudosexagonum,   Desh.     Masbate,   Philippines :   W« 

Columbia. 

8  41.  Dentalium.  splendidum,  Sby.     Xipi  W.  Col. 

29  32.  Dentalium  liratum,  C^Y.   '"  Ma'g.iti.       '     [Maz.  Cat.  244] 

48  31.  Dentalintn  quadrangulare,  Sby.     Xipixapi,  \V.  Col.     [Like  tetra- 

gonum,  but  striated,  and  much  smaller.J 

49  21,  22.  Dentalium  tetragomim,  Sby.     W.  Col.    [Young  shell  square,  adult 

round  ] 

In  the  very  elaborate  monograph  of  the  Nucididie,  by  S.  Hanlcy,  Esq.,  tha 
following  species,  quoted  as  from  the  W.  Coast,  are  minutely  described : — 

2  33.  Leda  SoicerUana,  D'Orb.    Xipixapi. 

=  N.  elongata,  Val. 

=N.  laneeolata,  G.  Sbv.,  non  J.  Sby.,  nee  Lam. 
7  85.  Zeda  Taylori,  Hani.,  =  A''.  Imiceolata,  Lam.,  non  G.  nee  J.   Sby. 

Guatemala.    (P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  370.) 
29        70-72.  Leda  Elenensis,  Sby.    Panama. 
33  90.  Leda  eburnea,Shy.,=lyrata,\\diS.    Panama:  Bay  of  Caraccas. 

classify  the  forms  according  to  their  natural  afTinities.  It  is  rarely  tliat  monographers 
ind  artists  take  such  laudable  pains  to  supply  the  wants  of  students.  In  the  monograph 
of  Oaleomma  and  Scintilla,  however,  the  locality-marks  have  not  been  observed  to  a 
single  species,  except  the  "  British  O.  Turtoni "  and  its  "  Philippine  analogue,  O.  macro' 
tcliiima,  Desh."  This  is  the  more  remarkable,  as  most  of  the  species  we-  lescribed  by 
Desh.,  with  localities,  in  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  pp.  167-181. 

46 


ON*  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5G1 

In  the  '  Malacological  and  Conchological  Magazine,'  hy  G.  B.  Sf>wf>rV>y, 
London,  1S38,  is  a  monograph  of  Leach's  genus  Mdnjnritti.  The  fdlowiug 
probably  belong  to  the  N.  W.  Coast,  and  are  figured  iu  the  Conch.  111. : — 

i?").  Margarita  striata,  Brod.  and  Sby.     Boreid  Ocean. 

i!l).  Marr/arita  undulata,  Sby.     Arctic  Ocean. 

2'>.  Mitnjarita  costelMa,  Sby.     [Non  Brit.  Mu«.  Cn\.  =  M.  pupilla,  Old.;  differs  in 

liaving;  the  interspaces  of  the  spiral  ribs  decussated.    Arctic  Oceau.  J 
2(1.  Maryarita  acuminata,  Sby.     Arctic  Ocean. 
iJO.  Aphrodite  columba,  Lea,  =  Cardium  Granlandicum. 

Several  West  Coast  species  were  named  and  figured  in  the  elder  Sovrerby's 
'Genera  of  Recent  and  Fossil  Shells,'  London,  1820-1824  ;  a  work  of  singular 
merit  for  its  time,  but  left  unfinished*.  The  stock  was  j^nrchased  by  a  dealer. 
With  a  view  to  completion  ;  but  newer  works  have  occupied  its  place,  and 
the  valuable  plates  and  text  remain  useless  in  his  hands.  As  no  dates  appear 
ill  the  bound  copy  of  the  work,  it  cannot  be  stated  whether  the  species  here 
named  bj-  Mr.  Sowerby  had  been  before  published.  The  loss  of  the  original 
work  has  been  in  some  respects  supplied  by  the  completion  of  the  extremely 
similar  '  Conchologia  Systematica,'  by  L.  lleevc,  vol.  i.  1S41,  vol.  ii.  1842. 
It  might  almost  be  considered  a  second  edition  of  the  '  Genera,'  of  which 
some  of  the  plates  occur  in  the  quarto  form.  References  are  here  given  to 
the  species  reproduced  from  Sowerby's  unfinished  work,  which  is  often  quctcd 
by  Mr.  Reeve  according  to  the  "  Numbers  "  in  which  it  appeared : — 

Bve.  I  Sby. 

Fig.  '  Fig.  Sowerby's  Genera. 

2.  I    2.    Cumiiif/ia  trigomdaris. 

3.  3.    Cumingia  lanwllosa. 

4.  :    4.    Cumingia  cnardata. 

L  I  1.   Tellina  opercu1uri'i\'^-T.omrr^ihta,Gm(A.,=  T.  ruf('xcens,Cheva,,-''V,,\-&.\ 

1.  I  \.  Luciua punctata  \lAmi.,^^=TjeTiiilaria p.,  ^dinm.''' li\ti.C.^.']. 

2.  i  2,5.    V  mis  suhrugosa, 

5.  I  7.    Vt    v.s'  gnidia. 

2.     I    2.   Cgt/wrea  planulata. 
3.    Cgtherea  aurantiacn. 

4  [non  3].  Lithodomus  caudigerta  [LAm,,=aristatus,  Dillw.]. 
3.  [.\ppears  to  represent  attcmiaius,  Dt'sh.l 
6.  Modiola  semifusca  [inside  view ;    exactly  accords  with  Braziliensis,  Maz, 

Cat.,  but  is  not  Lamarck's  species,  teste  Ilanl.]. 
2.  Lima  squainosa  [Lam.]. 

2.  Ostrea  Virginica  [Lam.]. 
1.  Placunannmin   Cumingii.      "Brought  by  Mr.  Henry  Cuming  from  the 

Gulf  of  Dulce,  in  Costa  Rico." 

1.  Lottia  gigantea,  Gray.  Genus  named  in  Phil.  Tmns.  =  Pafclloidcs,  Quoy 
and  Gaim.  ? South  America.  [The  U.  S.  E.  E.  specimens  were  la- 
belled "  Valparaiso.''  It  comes  to  us  from  many  parts  of  the  world, 
but  is  only  known  to  live  in  Middle  and  Lower  California.  =  TvcturtUa 
grandis,  Cpr.,  B.  A.  Re^).  1861,  p.  137. 

3.  Siphonaria  Trisfen.sii.  [The  figure  is  singularly  like  the  Vancouver 
species,  S.  thersites.'] 

2.  Cnpidula  omji. 

4.  Crcpidula  acuknta  :  "=P.  auricula,  Gmel." 

3.  Calgptrcea  ?  extinctorium.  [Sby.,  non  Lam.  Tlie  non-pitted  form  of 
imhricata.'\ 

I    4.   Cahjptrcca  gpinosa, 

•  The  laet  Part  (no.  34)  appeared  "  March  31,  1831,"  many  years  after  the  prcTioui 
issues ;  teste  Uanl. 

1803.  Am 


a 
4. 


562  REPORT— 18G3. 


Bve. 


4. 

4. 
5. 
9. 
1. 


1. 

T. 

c. 
n.« 

4. 


Kig.  Bowi-rby's  Oenera. 

5.  Cuhfittrmi  imhrivata.     [The  pitted  fonn.     Appears  in  C.  S.,  f.  1,  us  ••'*  C, 

nifjma,  Less."] 
7.  Citlyptrcfa  ?8pinosa,  var.     [The  flat,  smooth  form  of  itpinosa.   Appears  in 

C'.  S.,  tiff.  4,  as  "  C.  cinrrea,  live.,  T.  Z.  S.  l84:J,"'  p.  50.      On  a  log  of 

•wood  floatinjj  oil"  Cape  Horn.] 
2.  Bulla  viresccns. 

1.  Nerita  ornata  [=scabrirosta,  Lam.]. 

2,  3.  Litnrina  pulchra,=:  Turbo  p.,  .'^waing. 

4.  Litorina  I'un'a.     Panama. 

5.  Verithium  vnricosinn. 

9.   Verithium  I'aci/icuin.    [Clof^ely  resembles  Pofnmi.i  ebeninffs."] 

1.  Fasciolaria  aurantiaca  [with  operc.  (non  \^am.)  =  F.  priiicipx.\jKm.,VvXc.\ 

6.  Murex  phyllopterm  and  operc.      rAppeais=  C'wo«<o«<a  Joliatutn.     The 

operc.  seems  to  have  been  rubbea  outside.] 

1.  Columhella  strombiformix.  Lam. 

2.  Columbella  labiosa.     "  California"  [t.  c,  Panani.i.  &c.l. 

1.  Purpura  pafula  [Linn.  "=  Pirdlcea  nodosa,  I'etiver,  =  Ci,'Vibium  tuberosum 

pafulum,  Martini."     live.  C.  S.]. 
6.  Puipuru  plauospirata. 
9.  Pupura  callosa  [=Cuma  tectum^. 

3.  Mitnoceros  luyubre  \_-=c}jnHitmn,  Tank.  Cat.]. 


4.  3Ionoceros  ciiit/ulafum  [Lam.:  Leucozonia^. 

1.   Trichotropi.1  bicarinata,  and  [Na>soid]  operculum 

y 

•] 


1.   Olioa porphyria  [Linn.,  "=  Ci/linder  porphi/reticus,  D'Arg.,=  Castra  Tur- 
cica.  Martini.'      live.  C.  S.]. 


5.  Cyprcea pustulata  [Lam.]. 


The  following  additional  West  Coast  species,  figured  in  the  'Conch.  Sjst.,' 
mny  be  quoted  for  their  synon^'my.  The  authoiilies  for  all  the  species  are 
given,  but  no  localities  : — 

?\    Fis. 

2<»     1.    Solfcurtm  Dombeyt,  Lam.   [appears  intermediate   between  S.  Dombeyi, 
Mus.  Cum.,  and  S.  (t»ihit/iais,  Lani.l. 

£23  7.  Twrfco  S9?/rtw»>r,  live.  !».■  Z.  8.  I84i'^  p.  180  [whhout  locality.  'Gab.- 
pagos,  i'uminy,'  in  Conch.  Ic.    Also  Acapuico,  Jcwrff,  Sec.]. 

270     2.    TurbinvUus  ocuminatus,  Wood,  Kien.  [closely  re-senibles  Latirus  caatamus]. 

iiui  3.  liuccinum  eleyans,  live.,  P.  Z.  S.  l^*42,  from  Hinds's  Col.  [is  the  southtrn, 
highlv  developed  form  of /i. /(mwi^mwj,  Gld.  The  name  is  preocciipii  d 
by  a  ^fouraiue  fossil,  li.  eltyans,  Duj.,  in  Desh.  An.  s.  Vert.  x.  p.  219, 
no.  22.  As  live.'s  species  is  a  Aw w?,  and  there  is  another  Ihn:  eJcijav.; 
Kien.,  Coq.  Viv.  p.  oO,  pi.  24.  f.  Q~,=  Nassa  e.,  live.  Conch.  Ic,  i;  will 
save  confusion  to  allow  Gld.'s  later  name  to  stand]. 

CC*?  5,0.  Burcinum  serratum,  Dufr.,  =  A'i3Si'a  NorthicB,  Gray  \_  =  Northia  pristis, 
Desh.]. 

62.  Reeve,  '  Concholorjia  Iconicn.' — The  following  corrections  should  be 
irade  in  the  abstract,  Rep.  pp.  289-293. 

20.  \_Semele  flavieans  should  be  flavescens,  et  passim.l 

33.  Siphonaria  amara  [is  a  Sandwich  Is.  species,  quite  distinct  from  C.  lecamuin]. 

38.  Patella  clypeastcr  Tis  a  S.  American  species,  having  no  connexion  with  A, 

patina,  or  with  Monterey]. 
60.  Patella  cinis  [  =  vl.  pelta,  not  patina,  var.]. 

07.  Patella  vespertina.     [P.  stipulafa,  sp.  117,  is  probably  a  var.  of  this  species.] 
C9    Patella  toreuma  ["var."  in  Mus.  Cum.,  "Mazatlan,'^  probably =/jic,scc;(.s'.    No 

shell  of  this  (N.  Zealand^  type  haa  been  found  on  the  coast  by  any  of  the 

American  collectors]. 

*  Sowerby's  (corr'-'^t')  name  appears  on  Eeeve's  plate  j  but  in  the  text  of  C.  S.,  f.  9  is 
CallcU  "a  species  ot  Tuiliiielliu  iuseiU'd  iiiadrertentiy." 

48 


ox  MOLLirSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMEUICA.  ijGj 

81.  PiiMla  Xutfalliana.     [Mus.  Cum., =-4.  ^e/<a,  typical.     The  figure  looks  more 

like  patina.l 
l40.  Patella  mamiilata,  Nutt.  [non  Esch.,  ia  an  elevated,  stunted  form  of  the  black 
?  var.  of  scabra,  Nutt.     The  name  being  preoccupied,  this  distiuct  form  majr 
stand  as  limatula], 

64.  Fissurella  dimichithrata  [is  distinct  from  G.  aspera.    Sta.  Barbara,  Jeicetf\. 

57.  Turbo  man/hmtus  [Rve.,  no"''  "Nutt."  [is  a  PaciHc species,  quoted  by  Messrs. 
Adams  as  the  Cullonia  ni  inata  of  Gray ;  but  that  is  a  Grlpnon  fo.-i.sil,  olim 
Delphiiiula  (testa  type  ii  it.  Mus.).  The  Nuttallian  slieil,  published  in 
Jay's  Cat.,  was  described  i  .  A.  Ad.  a-i  Chlorostoma  funebrale=L'hl.  mastum, 
auct.  (non  Jonas,  the  true  T.  mcestus  being  S.  American,  tcs.e  A.  Ad.  ami 
Mus.  Cum.)]. 
.    89.  Cyprcea  onyx  [is  the  E.  Indian,  C.  spadicea  the  similar  S.  Diegan  species]. 

The  following  species,  either  quoted  from  the  W.  Coast,  or  known  to  in- 
habit it,  or  connected  with  it  by  synonymy,  have  been  observed  in  Kceve's 
'Conch.  Ic'  since  the  date  of  the  last  Report.  The  number  of  the  .species  also 
refers  to  the  figure.  For  the  remarks  eiicl>sed  in  [  ]  the  writer  of  this  Re- 
port, here  as  elsewhere,  is  alone  resiicnsibie. 

50.  Fumx  turbineUoidex,  Rve.,  Jan.  1848.  ?.\frica,  Mus.  Cum.  \^  =  Siphotuilia 
pallida,  Br.  and  Sby. ;  spines  somewhat  angulnr]. 

02.  Ftisu^  canceUatus,  Lam.  "  Unalaska,  Kanitschatkn,  Mus.  Cum."  [Doubtless 
the  origin  of  the  prevalent  locality-error]. 

'/o.  Fuiim  Xovce-Holhtiulia,  Rve.,  Jan."l84.S.  "S.YIqX.,  Metcalfe.  [As  Mr.  Met- 
calfe gave  numerous  West  Coast  shells  to  Brit.  Mus.  und  t  locality  "  N.H.," 
this  shell  also  was  probably  from  W.  Mexico, =  /•'.  Dunetifhaitarfiii,  Kien.] 

91.  Fii.im  Gunneri,  \jO\. ,  {Tritoniiim),lnA.  Suec.  p.  12.  Greenland.  \^=Tro' 
phon  midticostattf^,  Esch.     The  tig.  should  be  90,  b  ;  f.  01  =  l{ninffiuj<.] 

52.  Cardium  pseudofomle,  Rve.  "  P.  Z.  S.  1844."  Hab.  ?—  [Not  found  in 
P.  Z.  S.,=  C.  Californiense,  Desh.,  18."}0,  non  C.  Calif ornianum,  Conr., 
1837.    This  is  the  Eastern  form;  the  Ca!ifornian  ?var.=  C.  blundnm^Gldk.'] 

67.  Buccinum  modificatuin,  live.,  Dec.  184o.  Hub.  ? —  [Agrees  sufficiently  we!l 
with  worn  specimens  from  La  Paz,  Mus.  Smiths.,  =  <Si/>Ao««/f«,  closely 
allied  to  pallida.'] 

62.  Buccinum  dinitn,  Rve.,  Dec.  1846.     Hab.  ? —  Mm.  Cum.     [Worn  specimen 

of  Chrysodomus  Sitchenti^,  Midd.,  1849,=  P.  incims,  (rid..  May  1849.] 
110.  Buccinum  cornigatum,  Rve.,  Feb.  1847.     Hab.  ? —    ["  Inmcnna,"  Cuming, 
MS.     "  Pisania,''  H.  Adams.     Vancouver,  most  abundant.] 
2.  Sanguindaria  oralis,  Rve.,  March  18o7.      Cent.  Am.      [?  =  iS'.  mimnta,  jim. 
3.  S.  tellinoides,  A.  Ad.,  is  the  same,  adole.scent;  5.  S.  purpurea.  Desh.,  adult.] 
4.  Psammobia  maxima,  ]3esh.,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  317.     Panama.    [Closely  resem- 
bling Ps.  rubroradiuta,  Nutt.     Puget  Sound.] 

19.  Mytilus  palliopunctatus,  Dkr.     Cal.  and  Mazatlan.     [No  authority  for  Cal.] 

41.  Mytilus  bifurcatus.  Conr.,  J.A.N.  S.  Phil.  Hab.  '^  [Conr.  assigns  his  Nuttallian 
species  to  Califoruia ;  but  it  is  the  common  bandw.  Is.  species,  teste  Pse. 
The  Califomian  shell,  with  the  same  sculpture,  is  a  &ptifer,  and  is  the 
S.  bifurcatus  of  Mus.  Cum.] 

44.  Mytilus  Sallei  (Dreissina),  Reel.     Central  America.     [?  On  which  slope.] 

52.  Mytilus  Cumingiamis,  Reel.     Panama.     \_Se}rtifer.'\ 

60.  Mytilus  glonuratus,  GId.  Hab.  ? — *  [Gould's  species  is  from  California,  but 
the  name  is  attiiched  to  a  very  diifeient  shell  in  Mus.  Cum.] 

*  Several  species  occur  in  the  recent  monographs  without  locality,  which  are  well 
linown  to  inhabit  the  W.  Coast.  This  is  partly  due  to  the  writer  not  thinking  it  neces- 
sary to  refer  to  published  books  for  information,  and  partly  to  the  changes  which  have  of 
late  years  been  made  in  the  principal  authority,  viz.  the  Cumingian  collection.  By  the 
redistribution  of  species  into  the  modern  genera,  the  student  is  greatly  aided  in  his  search 
for  special  forms  ;  but,  for  the  sake  of  uniformity,  the  autograph  labels  of  collectors  or 
tlescribers  of  species  are  generally  rejected,  the  names  being  either  in  tlie  handwriting  of 
the  clerk  or  from  the  printed  index  in  the  monograph,  and  representing  only  the  judg- 
uient  of  the  latest  v^orker,  wluch  may  or  may  not  be  correct,    isynunyuis,  whether  real 

4  49  *  . 


0^4  REPUKT — 18C3. 


r. 


11.  Modiola  capax,   Conr.      Galapagos,    Cuming.     [Lower]   California,  NuffaV. 

MazatliUi,  Carpenier.     [^lieiytn  is  the  authority  fur  the  shells  described 

in  the  Maz.  Cat.,  not  Cpr.] 
17.  Modiohi  BrazilienKis,  Chem.     "  Brazil."     [At  f.  31,  which  appears  the  true 

Brazilian  sh-ll,  we  are  informed  that  this  specimen  is  a  "  variety  troa 

Guayaquil."] 
..     Modiola  nUenx,  "Cpr.  Cat.  Reifren  Col.  Brit.  Mus.     California."     [The  .'•hell 

was  erroneously  de.<»cribed  as  from  "  California  "  in  P.  Z.  8.,  and  does  not 

Spear  in  the  Keip^en  Mazatlan  Cat.  :  =  •!/.  subjmrpunus,  Mus.  Cum.J 
>mus  cinnamominus,  Chem.  Philippine  Is.  and  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.   \_  =  L. 
cintuimomeus,  Maz.  Cat.  177.     Probably  an  AdiiJa.'] 

8.  Lithodomm  Cumingianus,  Ukr.,  MS.   "  North  Australia  and  Mazatlan."   [The 

species  is  Jiytired  from  the  Mazatlan  specimen,  which  may  probably  be 
the  adult  form  of  L.  calycidutus,  Cpr.*  The  cup  is  not  distinct,  but  ' 
shows  a  tendency  to  the  peculiar  formal  ion  described  in  Maz.  Cat.  no.  174. 
Rve.'s  diaj^nosis,  however,  appears  written  from  Dkr.'s  Australian  fipeci- 
mens,  so  labelled  in  Mus.  Cum. — a  very  distinct  species,  without  incrus- 
tations. The  name  wa«  riven  bv  Mr.  Cuming  to  a  large  Chilian  species 
brought  by  the  U.  S.  Expl.  E.\n.  j 
13.  Lithodomm  Gruneri,  Phil.  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.  "N.  Zealand."  [The  species 
=i L.  falcatus,  Gld.,  and  is  certainly  from  California,  where  ii  is  found  in 
the  rocks  with  Pholadidea  petiUaA 

13.  Lithodomvs  teres,  Phil.     "Mazatlan.       [The  specimens  in  Mus.  Cum.  are 

labelled  "  Cagayan,  PhU."] 

14.  Lith()doinuscoarctata,\ykr.   Galapa<ros,  Cwwi'x.^.  [=0"«'h*'//«  c.,Maz.  Cat.  172.] 
IG.  Lithodomus  caudigerus,  Lam.     "  West  Indies  "  [without  authority].     "  Tiie 

calcareous  incrustation  produced  beyond  the  ant.  extremity  is  no  specific 
characteristic."  [^Vide  reasons  for  contrary  opinion,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  170: 
=  L.  aristatiis.  Dr.  Stimpson  has  seen  Lithophagus  arranging  its  peculiar 
incrustation  with  its  foot.] 

24.  Lithodomus  pessulatm,  Rve.  (Oct.  1857).  Hab.  ? —  [The  unique  sp.  figured  is 
labelled  "  Mazatlan  "  in  Mus.  Cum.  It  resembles  plumulu,  with  ventral 
transverse  rugae.] 

26.  Lithodomus  sttbula,  Rve.    Hab.  ? —  [=L.  plumuJa,  var.J 

6.  Avicula    Cumingii,   Rve.,   March    1857.      "  Ld.   Hood's  Is.,  Pacific   Ocean, 

attached  to  rocks,  10  fms.,  Cuming."  \j=Maryaritipho)a  Jimbriata, 
Dkr.,  var.] 

9.  Avicida  barbata,  Rve.     Panama,  under  stones  at  low  water,  Cuming.     [=3/. 

Jimbriata,  J)\iT.,=: 3L  Mazatlanica,  Hani.]  "  DiHers  from  Ctimimjii  iu 
regular  sequence  of  scales,  developed  only  at  margin,  and  yellowish  tone 
of  colour." 
67.  Avicula  heteroptera,  Lam.  N.  Holland.  "  =:A.  sterna,  Gld."  [Gould's  species 
is  from  Gulf  Cal. ;  but  in  Mus.  Cum.  it  is  marked  inside  "  semisugitfn. '] 
4.  PlacH iHinotnia  foliata,  Brod.  Is.  Muerte,  Bay  Guayaquil.  "  May  =  ec/«'«a<a, 
AV.  I.,  but  has  very  much  larger  orifice." 

7.  Flucuiianomia  niacroschisnta,  Desh.     "  Onalaska,   Cuming"  [who  never  was 

there].     Kamtschatka,  Desh,     [Vancouver  district,  abundant.] 
7.  thracia  pUcata,  Desh.     "  Mr.  Cuming  has  specimens  from  California  and  St. 
Thomas,  W.  I."     [Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus.] 
Melimia.    [Various  species  are  described  from  "  Central  America,"  &c.,  which 

or  supposed,  are  rejected  altogether.  Thus  shells  sent  to  Mr.  Cuming,  with  authentic 
name  and  locality  attached,  may  appear  soon  after  ■without  any,  or  ^vifh  erroneous, 
quotation.  The  error  is  rendered  graver  by  appearing  with  the  weighty  authority  of 
"  Mus.  Cum." 

*  The  specie?  dejcribed  in  the  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  seldom  appear  in  the  monographs, 
unless  there  happen  to  be  a  specimen  in  Mu.s.  Cum.  Some  of  the  monographers  often 
content  themselves  with  figuring  the  shells  that  come  most  easily  to  hand  ;  and  do  not 
eeem  to  consider  it  a  part  of  their  work  to  pas?  juds^nient  on  previously  described 
Bpeoies,  or  to  concern  themselves  tilth,  what  are  imall  or  difCcult. 

50 


ON  MOLLtJSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5Gj 

may  or  may  not  belong  to  the  Pacific  slope.     They  .ahonld  be  studied 

in  connexion  with  U.  S.  forms,  but  are  not  liere  tabulated. 1 
60.  Melania  Buschiana,  live.      "California."      [No  authority.     Very  like  the 

young  of  M.  scipio,  Gld.] 
S67.  Melania  nigrina,  Lea,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.     "  Shaofa,  California." 
68.  Cnncellaria  funicvlata,  Hd9.,=  C.  lyrata.  Ad.  and  Kve.    (Julf  Mafrdalena. 
60.  Litorina  irrorata,  Say.     "Sitcha."     [The  "Sitcha"  shell  ia  L.  mwlesta,  Phil. 

Say's  species  is  the  well-known  form  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.] 

5.  Terebra  strigata,  Shy. ,  +  efon(;a(ii,Wood.,=flammea,  I>e.s9.,=:<7jrfl,  Kien.  "Pa- 

nama, Galapagos,  and  Philippines,  Cuming;  Moluccas,  &c."  [Painting 
in  stripes.] 

10.  Terebra  robttsta,  Hds.  Panama,  &c.  [  =  T.  Loroisi,  Guer.,  teste  Rve.  P.  Z.  S. 
18C0,  p.  450.    Painting  splashed.  J 

12.  Terebra  rariegata,  Gray.  "  Mouth  of  the  Gambia,  Senegal,  Mazatlan.  Co- 
lumbia. It  is  well  known  to  those  who  have  studied  the  geu^^iapliical 
distribution  of  animal  life,  that  the  fauna  of  the  West  African  seas, 
north  of  Sierra  Leone,  is  in  part  identical  with  the  fauna  of  the  seas  of 
California  and  the  W.  Indies ;  and  geologists,  among  whom  was  the  late 
Prof.  E.  Forbes,  have  laboured,  not  unsuccessfully,  to  account  for  this 
phenomenon."  [  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  p.  157,  B.  A.  Rep.  p.  305.  In  the  pre- 
sent instance,  however,  there  will  be  more  than  one  opinion  as  to  the 
identity  of  the  species  here  quoted.]  +  T.  africana,  Gray,  +  T.  Hupci,  Lorois, 
-f-  T.  intertincta,  Hds.,+  T.  marginata,  Desh.,  +  T.  albocincta,  Cpr.,  +  T. 
llindm,  Cpr.,-1-  T.  subnodosa,  Cpr. 

72.  Terebra  armillata,  Hds.  "  Panama,  Galapagos.  Somewhat  doubtful  whether 
this  is  not  a  var.  of  T.  variegata."  [If  the  others  are,  probably  this  is. 
Those  species  of  Hinds,  which  Mr.  Keeve  has  not  altered,  are  not  here 
repeated.] 

82.  Terebra  dislocata  [as  CeritJiiuni],  Say.  "  Southern  U.  S.  and  California."  [No 
authority  given  for  Cal.] 

84.  Terebra  rtidis,  Gray,  "  =  M.  rufocinerca,  Cpr.     S.  Carolina,  Jay.     Somewhat 

doubtful  whether  this  is  not  a  var.  of  dislocata."  [The  T.  rufocinerva  is 
one  of  the  difficult  Mazatlan  shells,  and  should  share  the  fate  of  T.  Hindsii 
and  T.  subnodosa.'] 

85.  Terebra  cinerea,  Bom.      "  W.  Africa,  Hennah ;   Japan,  Hds. ;   Philippines, 

Cuming;  W.  I.,  C.  B.  Adams;  Mazatlan,  Cpr."  [i.  e.  Beigen.     The  same 
remarks  apply  to  this  group  as  to  rariegata,  &c.]+  T.  castanea,  Kien.,  non 
Hds.,+  T.  laurina,  Hds.,+  T.  /Mc<Mosa,Hds.,+  T.  stylata,  Hds.,+ 1\  Jamai- 
censis,  C.  B.  Ad. 
40.  Teiebra  aspera,  Hds.,+  7*.  Petiveriana, Desh.   Panama,  S.  A.,  Cumittg,  Bridges* 

2.  Caiyptreea  torttlis,  Rve.     Galapagos,  Cuming. 

8.  Calyptrcpa  alveolata,  A.  Ad.,  MS.     Galapagos,  Cuming. 

4.  Crepidula  excavata,  Brod.     Chilif?],  Cuming. 

6.  Crepidula  nautiloides* ,  Less.,  MS.  in   Mus.  Cum.     "New  York."     [=Ci 

dilatata.'] 
8.  Crepidula  marginalis,  Brod.     Panama,   Cuming.     [V.  Maz.  Cat.  p.  202,  note.] 

10.  Crepidula  rugosa,   Nutt.     Upper  Cal.     [An  accidentally  ribbed  specimen, 

figured  from  Mus.  Taylor.j 

11.  Crepidula  Jimbriata,  Rve.  (June  1860).     Vancouver's  Straits.     [This  is  to 

navicelloides,  Nutt.,  no.  97,  as  Lessonii  is  to  squama ;  simply  an  accidentally 
frilled  var.  ] 

12.  Crepidula  adnnca,  Sby.      [Not]  Panama.      =C.  solida,Y{Aa.,=:rostinformis, 

Gld.  [This  is  the  northern  species  from  Vancouver  and  Cal.,  and  is  not] 
=uncata,  Mke. 

13.  Crepidula  arenata,  Brod.     St.  Elena  (not  Helena,  Desh.),  Cuming. 

22.  Crepidula  aadeata,  Gmel.  Lobos  le.,  Peru,  Cvming;  Califoniia,  iVi/?^.,  Cpr, 
[t.  e.  Mazatlan,  Beigen] ;  Honduras,  Dyson ;  Sandw.  Is.,  Austr.,  Kur- 

•  Several  S.  American  forms  are  here  quoted  for  the  synonymy ;  because  in  Calyptraidm 
the  speeies  often  have  a  wide  range,  and  should  be  studied  in  conneiion  with,  tlieir 
neighbours. 


566  REPORT— 1803. 

raohee,  mouth  of  Indus.  +  C  hystryz,  Brod.,4-  C.  wAj/jms,  Bn  id  ,+  C.  CaU- 
/(iriitca,  Xiitt. 
24  Crrpiilit/ti  rostrata,  C.B.  Ad.   Panama.    [=C  t«ica<«,  Mke.,  noin.  prior.  Thi« 
tropical  form  presents  distinetive  marks.] 

28.  Cicpiduia  exuviata,  Niitt.     Monterey.     [=0.  ejplanata,  G\d.,=  C.  perfnrarUf 

\h\.  An  abnormal  form  of  C.  tutvicelloides,  Nutt. :  C.  numviaria,  tild.,  is 
the  opposite  extreme.] 

29.  Crepidula  bihhata.  Gray  [i.e.  Cpr.],  MS.  in  Miis.  Cum.  r=C  dorsata,  Brod. 

Vide  Ma/..  Cat.  no.  '>:50,  where  the  origin  of  the  M!§.  name  would  have 
been  found  explniiit-d.  It  .appears  to  be  principally  a  northern  species 
=-C.  lingtdata,  GId.] 

30.  Crepidula  lirata,  Rve.     [Gulf  of]  California.     [Intermediate  form  between 

C.  inciirva  and  C,  oni/x,  described  in  Maz.  Cat.  p.  277.] 
2.  Crucibidum  sadellatiim,  Gray.     "=C  rugosa,  I>e83.,=  C.  imhricata,  Sby.,  non 
Brod."  Payta,  Le»8. ;  Punta  St.  Elena,  Ciimiug.    [  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  no.  .'{43.] 

4.  Crucibulum  ruffomm,"  Desh.,  non  Less.,  =  C. /iV//mm/,  Brod.,  ?  \a,r.  =  C.  yem- 

macea,  Val."     Island  of  Chiloe,  Cuming.     [  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  p.  290.] 

5.  Crucibidum  fernigineum,  Rve.     Bay  of  Conception.  Chili,  Cuming.     [=C. 

quiriquina,  Less..  D'Orb.,  =  C.  Bgronensis,  Gray,  in  Brit.  Mus.  Like  a 
rough  degraded  form  of  C.  spinosum.] 

6.  Crucibulum  umbrella,  De8h.=  C  rudis,  Brod.     Panama  and  Real  Llejos. 

8.  „  corrugatum,  Ct^t.    "  Cal."   [Mazatlan,  JeHv^/,  P.Z.  S.  18')(;,p.204.] 
0.            „          tmorica^Mwi,  Brod.     Panama.     [=C.  imbricatum,  Sby.,  =  Cse««- 

tellatum,  Gray,  no.  2,  varj 

10.  Crucibidum  spinomm,  Sby.     Seas  of  Central  America.     [E.xtends  northwards 

to  California;  southwards  it  degenerates  into  C.  quiriquina.'\=C.  pi-zizti, 
Gray,+  C.  hisjnda,  Brod.,+ 1*.  wjacw/a^a,  ^rod..,-\- C.  tubifera,  Less., +  6'. 
cinerea,  Rve. 

11.  Crucibulum  pectiruitum,  Cpr.,  P.  Z.  S.  18.56,0.  168.    Peru.    [TtinsimR,  Jetrett.l 
17.  „  «Mn<»/w,  Rve.,=  C  «<riato,  Broa.,  nonSay.     Valparaiso,  CMw//«y. 

[Passes  into  Galerus.'] 

21.  Crucibulum   serratum,   Brod.      Real   Llejos  and  Muerte,    Cuming.      [Tike 

young  of  C.  pectinafinn ;  nearly  transpareut;  white,  with  pui-ple  ray.] 

22.  Crucibidum  sordidiim,  Brod.,+  C.  unguis,  Brod.  Valparaiso  and  Pauanm,  Cum» 

ing.     [  =  Galerus ;  v.  Maz.  Cat.  p.  292,  note.     The  author  distributes  tho 
species  of  this  genus  between  Trochita  and  Crucibulum.^ 
4.  Trochita  aspera  [Rve.  as  of]  C.  B.  Ad.     Panama.     [The  small  var.  of  Galerua 
conicus.    Probably  =  C.  aspersa,  C.  B.  Ad.,  no.  .331.] 

7.  Trochita  subrejlexa,  C^T.j'SlS.  in^lxis.  Cum.     Gulf  of  California.     [=  Galerua 

mbrejlexits,  Cpr.  in  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  233.] 

9.  Trochita  corrvgata  [Pcujus.  Comp.  Calyptrtea  corrugata,  Brod.].  Callao,  Cuming, 

8.  Trochita  spirata,  Fhs.     "?=:P.trochi/ormis,Cheni."    Gulf  California.     [J7</« 

anfea,  p.  542.1 

10.  Trochita  solida  [?Rve.'\.     Conchngua,  Mus.  Cum.     \?  =  Galerus  fnattiillaris.] 

11.  Perna  anomioides,  Rve.     March  1858.     California,  Mus.  Cum.     [No  autho- 

rity; appears=P.  costellata,  Conr.,  Sandwich  Islands.] 
13.  Perna  Californica  [Rve.,  non]  Conr.  California,  Conr.  [i.  e.  Nutt.']  Honduras, 

Dyson.      "  Distinguished  by  the  Pedum-\\\ie   form  and  clouded,  livid 

purple  colouring.    [This  is  the  well-known  large  Hat  West  Indian  species ; 

not  known  in  California.] 
8.   Umbrella  oralis,  Cpr.    Mouth  of  Chiriqui  River,  Bay  of  Panama,  [not]  Cuming 

[but  Bridges.       The  species  was  also  found  at    Cape    St.  Lucas  by 

Jiantus.] 
6.  lanthina  fragilis,  I^m.,  =  J.  striulata,  Cpr.  West  Indies,  Mazatlan,  California. 

[  Vitte  Maz.  Cat.  no.  242  :  non  /.  striolata,  Ad.  and  Rve.] 
19.  lanthina  decollata,  Cpr.     Probably  =  7.  globosa,  var.  [Maz.  Cat.  no.  243.     Of 

the  two  Maz.  forms,  provisionally  named,  this  appears  the  least  entitled 

to  specific  rank.] 
40.   Columbella  Brilgesii,  Rve.     April  1858.     Panama,  Bridges.     [Appears  the 

small  var.  of  C.  major.] 
43.  Columbella  Boivini  [^—Boivimi,  Kien.].     Gulf  Nicoyia,  Iliudt, 

m 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  507 

4Ct.  Colniiihella  aciculn,  Rve.     California.     [No  authority.! 

56.  CohtniMlit  ettcfiintirn,  Itve.     (iiill"  ("alitoniia,  Luiit.  Shipley,  Mii.9.  Cum. 

57.  Colninlifl/arexi/lum,  live.     fJiiU"  California.     [No  »iu  liority.] 


i.  e.  Lam.]  =  ( '.  ;/uUuf(t,  Sby.  Panatn.i, 
No  other  localities  iriveu.      V.  yili- 


C2.   CoiumMla  cribrarxa,  Qiioy  and  (Juiui. 
common  under  stones,  Vuniing. 
lUlla  crihrarin,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  til3.] 
72.   ColnmhfUii  electriiide^,  Kve.     Hay  of  (luayaquil. 
74.   Coluinhi-Ua  Pacifica,  (.task.     (taiiipiif.'os. 
lOU.   Columbelia  ptmlla.  Sby.     Island  of  St.  Vincent,  W.  T.     "=K{tideUa  Gouldii, 

Cpr."     [The  Xitidilla  is  a  distinct  I'pper  Califominn  species."! 
120.   Culumhella  Uidea,  live.     Gulf  Calif.,  Mr.  Ituhh,  R.N.     [A  Mtidella,  so  tnji- 
sparent  that  the  axis  can  be  seen  throu<rhout.] 

122.  Coluuibella  Sta-Iiarbarensk,  Cpr.    Sta.  liarbara.    "  Not  merely  faintly  striated, 

teste  Cpr.,  but  unusually  irrooved."  [Described  from  a  worn  specimen 
in  Jewett's  Col.,  and  named  to  mark  a  more  northtni  limit  to  the  jrenus 
than  had  been  as.sifrned  by  Forbes.  The  labi'l  was  probably  incorrect,  as  the 
shell  livts  in  the  tropical  fauna,  C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantwi:  Acapulco,  New- 
berry; Guacomayo,  Mus.  Smiths.  The  name  (as  expressing  error)  should 
tlierefore  be  altered  to  C.  Reevei,  Cpr] 

123.  Columbelia  spadicea,  Phil.,   MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.      Mazatlan.     [Described  by 

Phil,  in  Zeit.  f.  Mai.  1«4(; :  B.  A.  Uep.  p.  225.] 
130.   Columbelia   venmfa,  Rve.     [Mazatlan,  £.  Philippi.]   =  C.  teeniata,  Phil,  [in 

Zeit.  f.  Mai.  lf<40],  not  Ad.  and  Rve.,  [Voy.  Samar.  1850;  therefore  Phil. 

has  precedence.     ?  =  Aiiachis  Gaskoinei,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  652.     The  Sama- 

rang  shell  is  probably  a  Nitidel/a.~\ 
132.   Colambflla  .vdcosa,  Sby.     Annaa  and  Ld.  Hood's  Islands  *.     Cuming. 
135.   Columbelia  Gouldii,  Agass.,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.,  Nov.  1858.    [  =  Atnycla  Gmd- 

diana,  Agass.,  Atlantic ;  non  Nitidella  Gouldii,  Cpr.] 
142.   Columbelia  uneinata,  Sby.     Is.  Muerte,  Ray  Guayaquil.     [Acapulco,  Jeicett.'\ 
105.   Columbelia    Califoniica,  Rve.      April    1859.      California.      [No  authority. 

Like  Anachis  lirata.^ 
17G.   Columbelia   rorida,   Rve.       Lord  Hood's  Inland*,   Cuming.      [Tran.sparent, 

glossy,  with  necklace  of  opake  white  dots.] 
Genua  J/e/rt[  =  Cwee//fl,  Swains,  eliminated  by  Rve.  from  Columbelia;  hwi  Anachis, 

Slrombina,  Amycia  (pars),  and  Nitidella,  which  do  not  even  belong  to 

the  same  family,  if  the  opercula  are  to  be  trusted,  are  left  in  the  old  place. 

Of  the  six  species,  the  autnor  only  knew  the  locality  for  one],  M.  Ihipontice, 

Kien. — Ichaboe,  South  Africa;    [but  that  of]  M.  omdoides,  "  C.  B.  Ad., 

MS."  [is  shown  by  his  published  works  to  be  Jamaica;  and  the  following 

are  from  the  West  Coast]. 
8.  Mcta  cedonuUi,  Rve.  [La  Paz,  Mus.  Smiths. ;  C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantua ;  Panama, 

Jetcett.^ 
4.  Meta  coniformis,  Sby.     [?  Panama,  Jewett.'\ 

24.  Z?":t)>Ai"w«s /MnVfjw,  Nutt.,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.    California.  [Is  not  known  from 

the  American  coast;  comp.  Sandwich  Islands.] 

25.  Ziziphinus  eximius,   Rve.,   P.  Z.  S.   1842.     Panama,   sandy  mud,  10  fms. 

\=T.  versicolor,  Mke.,  1850,  =  Z.  Californicus,  A.  Ad.,  1851.  Scarcely 
aift'ers  from  "  Javanicus,  Lam.,"  in  Mus.  Cum.  The  form  was  dredged  by 
Mr.  A.  Adams  in  the  eastei'u  seas.] 
31.  Ziziphinus  AtUonii,  Koch,  in  Phil.  Abbild.  pi.  1.  f.  4.  Australia.  [Scarcely 
differs  from  the  shouldered  var.  of  Calliostoma  lima  (Phil.)  C-.  D.  Ad., 
which  is  called  eximiu-,  live.,  in  Brit.  Mus.  Col.] 

23.  Trochus  Jnponicus,  Dkr.,  [represents  Pomatdax  undosus  on  the  east  side]. 

24.  Trochus  digitatus,  Desh.      Distinct   from  unguis,  with  base  like  gibbeioms. 

Central  America.  [Mr.  Reeve's  distinct  shell  is  perhaps  not  that  of  Df-eh.. 
and  not  from  the  West  Coast.] 

26.  Trochus  ttndosus,  \yood.=  T.  gigas,  Anton.     California  f. 

•  Fide  Report,  1856,  p.  168,  note  §§. 

t  Mr.  Kwve  states  that,  aUhooifh  thin  species  is  most  like gibheraivs,  "Messrs.  Grsv  unj 
A.daias  contrive  to  place  the:         diflcicut  gener«."   It  i»  still  moi-e  remarkable  that,  wiule 

d3 


5C8  REPORT— 18C3. 

39.  Jrochvs  nuripiffmeiifiim,  Jonas.  Panama.  [Probably  not  from  W,  America.] 
17.  FhaaiatieUa  iH'rforata,Vh\\.  Mazatlan,  Panama +7%.  ronjy^^a,  Gld.*  Kather 
out  of  place  t ;  has  neither  form  nor  texture  of  Phadanella.  [The  aberrant 
form  is  due  to  the  figured  specimen  being  quite  young;  the  adults  in 
Brit.  Mus.  Col.  prove  the  texture,  colouring,  and  operc.  to  be  normal.] 
Genus  Simpiefopm.  This  group,  intermediate  between  Vitrina  and  Siicciiiea,  ia 
stated  to  be  peculiar  to  Brazil  and  Mexico,  where  Vitrina  is  not  known. 

In  the  Monograph  of  TerehratuUdce,  which  is  prepared  with  unusual  care, 
and  tlie  general  introduction  to  which  is  well  worth  attentive  perusal  by  all 
students,  occur  the  following  species  which  bear  upon  the  West  Coast  fauna 
or  synonymy : — 

2.  Terehraiiila  (T'uldlieitnia)  dilatata,  Lam. ,=  71  Gaudichaudi,  Blainv.  "Str. 
Magellan,"  teste  Gray,  in  Brit.  Mus.  Cat,  without  authority.  [The  E.  E. 
specimens  varied  considerably  in  outline  ;  and  according  to  Darwin,  and 
what  we  know  of  the  variations  of  fossil  species,  it  is  quite  possible  to 
believe  that  this  and  the  next  species  had  a  common  origin.  The  great 
development  of  this  most  interesting  form  in  the  cold  regions  of  South 
America  is  extraordinary.] 

S.  Terebrafiila  (  Wuldheiinia)  t/lobo^a  (\'al.).  Lam.,  from  type.  =  T.  Californica, 
Koch.  "California,  Coquimbo.  Califomian  form  well  known;  small 
specimen  in  Mus.  Taylor,  marked  '  de  Coquimbo.'  "  [There  appears  no 
authority  for  the  general  belief  that  this  line  species  is  Califomian.  It  was 
taken  in  abundance  by  the  naturalists  of  the  XT.  S.  E.  E.  at  Orange  Bay, 
Magellan.  The  Califomian  shell,  which  is  probably  the  original  (V/A- 
foniica,  Koch,  (not  of  authors)  is  a  distinct  species,  teste  Rve.  from  Dr. 
Cooper's  specimens.] 

7.   Ttrchratula  {TerchnituUna)  radiata,  live.,  Mus.  Cum.      ?  Straits  of  Corea, 

Belcher.     [Very  like  the  adult  of  T.  caurina,  Old.] 

11.  Terehratiila  tiva,  Brod.     Bay  of  Tehuautepec,  Guatemala;  10-12  fms.  sandy 

mud,  on  dead  bi\alve,   Copt.  Dare.     Mus.  Cum.  and  De  Burgh.     [The 

analogue  of  T.  vitrea,  Med.] 

16.  Ttrebratida  {T(rebratuUna)  Jtiponica,  Sby.,  =  T.  angusta,  Ad.  and  live.    Corea, 

Japan.     "Represents  T. capid-serpentis,  and  probably  the  same." 
23.   Tertbrutida  physe»ia,  Val.,  MS.  (unique),    Coquimbo.      Gaudichitud,  1S33. 
May  be  a  colossal,  broadly  inflated  var.  oi  ylobosa. 

C.  Orbimla  Cumitigii,  Brod.  [Besides  information  in  Kep.  pp.  183,  244,  is  given] 
Is.  Cana,  Guatemala  ;  sometimes  6-18  fms.,  Cumittif.  O.  strii/(d(i,iinnl., 
is  a  less-worn  state  of  this  species.  [The  type-specimens  of  JJiscinu  stri- 
gata  in  Brit.  Mus.,  on  Pecten  ventricosus,  appear  very  distinct,  and  aie 
unusually  shell}-  for  the  genus.] 

excluding  Ziziphinus  {=CalHostoma),Mr.'ReeYe"contTiveBto\t\&ce"  in  TVoc^m*  animals 
shown  by  the  opercula  to  belong  to  different  subfamilies,  as  though  we  knew  no  more  tliuu 
ill  Lamarck's  days  j  his  motley  group  containing  Imperator  {  =  Stella,  H.  and  A.  Ad.)4- 
Lithopoma  -\-  Gnildfordia  +  Chri/soxtoma  -\-  Bolma  -f-  Modelia  -}-  Polydonta  -\-  Tectut-\- 
Pomatdax-\-Astralium-\-Pachifpoma-\-  Uvanilla.  Also  in  a  family  the  genera  and  species 
of  which  are  mainly  recognized  by  the  base  and  mouth,  most  of  the  shells  are  only  figured 
on  the  back.  Very  often  the  characters  of  the  aperture  are  not  even  stated.  Remarkable 
liberties  are,  moreover,  sometimes  taken  with  geographical  facts,  to  the  great  astonishment 
of'  Americans,  who  expect  even  their  schoolboys  to  avoid  such  statements  as  at  sp.  57,  Tr. 
diminidiviis,  Rve.,  "  Oahu  Islands;"  and  at  sp.  1,  Lingula  ovalis,  Rve.,  "from  W.  II. 
pease,  Esq.,  residing  at  Honolulu,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands." 

*  P.  conipta  is  a  distinct  Califomian  species  ;  its  Pvarieties  pass  into  pulla.  If  Mr. 
Reeve  cau  be  followed  in  uniting  topulla,  ptdchella.  Reel.  •,-\-affinis-\-tesseUata-\-pulchena 
-^concinna,  C.  B.  Ad.  ;-l-/ei»uV*,  ¥h\\.  ;  + intermedia,  9iCHCc\n;-\-Capensis,  Dkr.  ;4-«'/o«- 
gata,  Krauss,  Gould's  species  should  join  this  goodly  company,  rather  than  perforata. 
The  same  standard  of  union  followed  among  the  large  shells  would  greatly  lessen  the  size 
of  this  costly  work. 

t  So  is  Phasianella  rubra.  Pease  MS.,  sp.  18,  which  belongs  to  Alcyra,  A.  Ad. ;  allied 
to  Euvliclutt 

54 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5C9 

7.  Orhktda  osfreuides,  Lain.,=  O.  Norvegica,  Sby.  (non  Lam. )+  O.  striata,  Sby.+  • 
Crania  radiosa,  Gld.  +  O.  \^Discina]  Evansii,  Dav.    F  N. W.  Africa.    "  The 
locality, '  Budeiras,  Cal.,'  given  by  Mr.  D.  with  O.  Evamii,  on  Mr.  Cuniiujr's 
authority,  nuist,  I  think,  l)e  a  mistake."     [The  genus  has  not  been  found 
on  the  Califomian  coast  by  any  American  collector.] 

8  Vetim*  grata,  Sby.,+ 'xWor,  Sby.  Gulf  of  Mexico,  Mus.  Cum.  [=Tapea 
grata.  Say,  Panama.  The  locality-labels  have  probably  been  misplactd. 
These  sprcimens  are  undoubtedly  from  the  W  est  Coast,  nor  has  any 
authority  appeared  for  the  species  in  the  Atlantic.  The  Gulf  of  Mexican 
"  analogue  '  is  T.  granulata.  \  he  forms  are  intermediate  between  Chione 
and  Tit  pes. ~\ 

9.  Venus  multirostnta.  Sby.  Bay  of  Panama,  in  coarse  sand  at  low  water,  Cuming. 
"Probably=  T''.Z*'s/('/-/.var.,with  ribs  more  tumidly  thickenod  androundtd." 
[The  West  Coast  shells  are  distinguished  by  the  very  slight  ci-enulation 
of  the  ribs  at  the  sides.] 
19.  Venus  asperrima,  Sby.  Guacomayo,  Centr.  Am.,  sandy  mud,  1.3  fms.,  Cuming. 
"A  form  oi  pi'ciorina  ;  shAl  of  lighter  substance,  broader  and  more  de- 
pressed ;  scidpture  more  elevately  and  definitely  latticed."  [This  is  the 
shell  named  by  Mr.  Cuming  V.  cardioidcs,  Lan\,  and  should  take  that 
name,  as  prior  to  Sby."s,  if  really  distinct  from  pectorina.  Also  from 
I'anama.  Mus.  Smiths.] 
22.  Venus  du<cors,  Sby..  jun.  St.  Elena  and  Guacomayo,  Centr.  Am.,  sandy  mud, 
6-9  fms.,  Cuming.  "Concentric  decussating  ridge.s  cease  abruptly  at  the 
posterior  third."  [Character  very  variable,  even  in  the  type-.speciniens ; 
=  T.  grata,  Say,  var.] 

25.  Venus  pectorina,  Lam.,  p.  344,+  V.  cardioides.  Lam.     Centr.  Am.,  Mus.  Cum, 

[Probably  Atlantic  :  much  heavier  and  stumpy ;  sculpture  coarser ;  tetth 
more  like  casina,  whereas  cardioides,  no.  19,  has  a  long  anterior  tooth 
like  sugillata  f.] 

26.  Venus  cingu/ata,   ].am.,=pulicaria,  Brod.      W.  Columbia,   Cuming.     [=V. 

Pinaciifensis,  Sloat,  MS.  in  Mus.  Smiths.  Guaymas.  The  peculiar 
smoothing-otl"  of  the  central  sculpture  in  the  adidt  may  be  varietal.  It 
is  iuiprobnble  that  Lam.  was  acquainted  with  the  species.] 

33.  Venus  crenuhda,  Ch^'va.,■=crennta,  (Jmel.  W.  L  =  V.  eximia,'V\\\[.,-^  V.  ere- 
nifera,  i^hy.,+ J'.  Portesiana,  D'Orb.  [\ot  to  be  confounded  with  the 
P".  creniferu,  Maz.  Cat. :  has  a  small  Cyprinoid  lateral  tooth,  but  no 
radiating  ribs  near  lutiule,  nor  long  anterior  tootht.] 

85.  Venus  CulifurHien4s,  Brod.,=  V.  h-ucodon,  Sby.  Guavnia.s,  Gulf  Cal.,  sandy 
mud,  low  water,  [teste]  Cuming.  Mus.  Cum.  [=  V.  crassa,  Sloat,  MS.  in 
Mus.  Smiths.  Not  V.  Califontitma,  Conr.,=  V.  simillitna.  Sby.  This 
species,  with  V.  neglecta,  compta,  &c.,  having  the  mantle-bend  nearly 
ODSolete,  approach  Annmalorardia  subimhricata,  and  with  that  species 
form  a  natural  group,  ditiering  from  the  typical  Vemts  as  Lioconcha  dots 
from  CuUista  :  =  V.  suvcincta,  \'al.] 

41.  Venus  Kennerleyi,  Cpr.,  MS.  %  in  Mus.  Cum.  Hob. — ?  [Puget  Sound, 
Kennerh'y.~\ 

43.  Venus  sugillata,  Rve.  California,  Mu.s.  Cum.  Characterized  by  the  shining 
purple  umbos,  finely  latticed  sculpture,  dark-stained  hmu'e  and  liga- 
mentary  aria.  [  =  "  V.  crenifera,  Sby.,  teste  Rve.,"  Maz.  Cat.  no.  I't.'i, 
in  all  essential  characteis.     jjiliers  in  the  long  anterior  tooth  being  still 

•  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Eeeve,  with  a  view  to  the  complrtion  of  this  Eeport, 
I  was  enabled  to  compare  the  figui-ed  specimens  in  this  genus  with  the  text,  and  witli 
the  shells  of  the  vSuiithsonian  coUectioji,  before  they  were  distributed.  The  bracketed  notes 
in  the  text  are  based  on  this  cxaniination.  They  are  given  with  miusual  detail,  because 
of  the  unique  opportunity  of  throwing  some  light  on  a  confessedly  difficult  family. 

+  The  characters  of  the  teeth  and  pallial  line  frequently  aflford  satisfactory  daagnostio 
marks  between  critical  species,  which  are  often  oTerlooked  by  monographers. 

X  The  descriptions  of  Dr.  Kennerley's  shells  had  long  bct>n  written,  and  would  hare 
boon  ))ublished  but  for  the  Anierinan  war.  The  localities  of  all  the  West  Coast  shells  sent 
from  the  SmitLs.  Col.  to  All'.  Cuming  nere  dul^  mai'kcd  in  the  accompanying  catalogues, 

6&-' 


070  REPORT— 1863. 

loncrer,  and  in  the  purple  colour.  This,  however,  in  the  firriired  speci- 
men, has  been  broiipit-out  by  the  free  use  of  acid,  and  the  markings  have 
been  considerably  obliterated  by  the  "  beautifying'- "  proces." 
4^  Venm  simillima,  Sby.  San  Dieoro,  Cal.  "Resembles  I.  cornpta  in  detail  of 
sculpture "  [but  perfectly  distinct,  belongiuir  to  the  amathmia  proup. 
It  shows  the  evil  of  the  very  brief  diafrnoses  of  tl;e  earlier  conch()log-i>t3 
that  so  discriminatin<r  an  author  as  Mr.  Conrad  should  have  taken  this 
shell  for  the  V.  Cal!fornien!<i<.  Brod. ;  and,  quoting  it  {lapsu)  as  V.  Culi- 
forniana,  redescribed  the  true  V.  Californieiuiis  aa  V,  NuttuUii.  It  is 
known  by  the  great  closeness  of  the  tine  sharp  ribs.] 

46.  F(?/!M.«  =  c/w»//rt^?,  no.  .'W,  very  distinct  var.     GulfCJal. ;  more  globose,  interior 

purple  rose.  [This  was  sent  as  "  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xanttu.'^  It  appeal's 
truly  distinct  from  the  W.  I.  cnnulata,  and  to  be  the  normal  t'onu 
of  which  pulicaiia,  no.  20,  is  an  extreme  var.  Inside,  and  outride  in 
the  adolescent  state,  they  agree  exactly ;  ditleiing  out>iide,  in  the  adult, 
in  snioothed-ott' ribs  and  more  distinct  V-markings.  Mr.  Reeve, however, 
still  thinks  it  more  like  creuifera.     It  may  stand  a^  "  ?  vaj*.  lilaciita."] 

47.  Venm  gihbosuhi,  Desh.,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cmn.     Hah.  ? —  [Guaymfls  :=  V.  Cortezij 

Sloat.  This  is  the  more  rounded  and  porcellanous  form  of  V.Jlndifraga, 
=  V.  Ntittiilli  of  Jirit.  Assoc.  Report,  and  Nuttallian  paper  in  P.  Z.  S. 
1850,  p.  21  ;  but  not  the  true  V.  NuttalU,  Conr.,  v.  infra,  no.  49.  Interior 
margin  very  finely  crenated  on  both  sides  of  the  liinee.] 

48.  Vetiti^  compta,  Brod.     Bay  of  Sechura,  Peru,  coarse  sa:id  and  mud,  7  fnis., 

Cinniiiy.  [This  rare  species  seems  to  represent  V.  Ciilifornitttsts  in  ihe 
South  American  fauna.  It  is  well  distinguished  by  its  shouldered  form, 
prixiuced  ventrally,  and  by  the  Circoid  pallial  line,  far  removed  fri>iii  the 
margin.     Guacomayo,  Mus.  Smiths.] 

49.  Venus  Nidtalli,  Conr.     California.      [Named  from  type,  teste  Conr.  ip«.,  v. 

antea,-^.  52().     This  is  the  northern  form  of   V.  succiiicfa,  as  ////c^'- 

fraga  is  o(  gibbosula,  the  sp  appearing  nearly  in  the  same  parnllt'ls  in 

the  Gulf  and  on  the  Pacihc  i  ist,  but  not  found  in  the  '.ivirpool  Riigeu 
Col. ;  nor  at  Cape  St.  Lucas.  In  all  essential  characteis,  X«//(;//m  though 
pointed)  and  Ca/ifonne/isls  (though  rounded)  appear  the  same  ;  but  Mr. 
Reeve  still  thinks  otherwise.  The  figured  specimen  has  been  altertd  with 
acid.     The  V.  ercavata  is  not  noticed  by  Mr.  R.  j 

51.  Venus  mtnuhilus,  Rve.  Hah.  ? —  [This  shell  was  obtained  by  Dr.  Stimpson 
in  the  N.  P.  Expl.  Exp.,  and  bears  the  Smiths.  Cat.  number  "  1845.  San 
Franci.sco,  very  conmion  at  low  water,"  =  Jfyx's  r/jVpr.sff,  Sby.  jim.  This 
is  the  highly  painted,  finely  sculptured  state  of  T.  staminen,  Conr.  (not 
"  T.  straminea,  Conr."  Sby.,=  T.  grata,  var.)  The  abnormally  ridged  form 
is  V.  ruderafn,  Desh.  Conch.  Ic.  sp.  130.  By  its  large  pallial  sinus  and 
bifid  teeth  it  is  a  true  Tapt's.'\ 

£2.  Venus  intcrseota,  Sby.  Puerto  Puero  [FPortrero],  Centr.  Am.,  Cuming. 
[The  shell 'S  exactly  identical  with  no.  19,  asperrima=.cardioides  ;  but  the 
figure  might  mislead,  the  colour-lines  appearing  as  ribs.] 

M.  Venm  subrostrata.  Lfini.*  vi.  p.  ;{4-"^,  =  V.  ne^flecta,  [Gray]  Sby.  Hah.^l&zntlun 
and  West  Indies.  "  Lam.  having  cited  a  figure  of  the  China  species,  F.  irt- 
tnarckit,  the  species  was  lost  sight  of  till  Sby.  renamed  it,"  [TheLamarck- 
inn  species  was  probably  West  Indian.  V.  neylecta  closely  resembles 
the  young  of  V.  Califtirnicnsis,  but  has  the  ligamental  area  smooth  only 
on  one  valve,  instead  of  both.] 

69.  Venm  Stutchburgi  (Gray),  Wood,  Sandwich  Is.  Comes  very  near  to  the 
Californian  V.  callosa,  [Sby.,  non]  Conr.,  of  which  specimens  have  been 
found  also  at  the  Sandwich  Is.  [V.  Stutehhurgi  is  the  New  Zealand 
species,  which  may  easily  be  confounded  with  the  Californian.  Althougli 
both  may  be  obtained  at  the  Sandwich  Is.,  there  is  no  evidence  that  eitlier 

•  In  critical  species,  when  it  is  impossible  to  be  positive  which  of  two  or  mo-P  was 
intended  by  an  old  author,  it  ai)pe8rs  best  to  retain  the  name  of  the  first  (ii»<'riinitia/or. 
The  old  uHnie  bt-longs  to  the  general  form:  the  discriminator  ought  to  relaiii  it  lor  k 
pui'ti  but  if  that  lias  not  bcuu  douu,  it  avoids  confusioa  to  drop  it. 

66 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  571 

lives  there.  The  shell  here  fiorured  is  beaked  like  NuttuUi,  no.  49 ;  In- 
nule  very  faint :  conceutrie  ridf^es  very  laint,  but  sharp;  radiating'  ribs 
very  coai-se.  Inside  deeply  stained ;  margin  not  creriated  on  the  sharp 
anterior  edge,  thougli  faintly  on  the  luniile  ;  hinge-teeth  stumpy.] 

60.  Venus  muscaria,  live.  Ilab.  ? —  [Has  the  aspect  of  a  West  Coast  species, 
between  cardioides  and  hne  var.  of  staminea ;  sinus  large ;  teeth  strong, 
not  bitid  ;  lunule  with  radiating  ribs.] 

68.  Vemis  utuluteUa,  Sby.  Gulf  Calif.  [Not  a  satisfactory  species,  the  type 
having  the  a-»pect  of  a  poor  specimen  altered  for  cabinet.  The  "  sculpture 
much  changing  in  its  development  towards  the  margin  "  is  an  accident 
often  seen  in  the  cancellated  species.  Similar  "pecimens  of  V.  neylneta, 
no.  54,  collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas  by  Mr.  Xantus,  agree  ■v\-ith  undati-l/a 
in  all  respects,  except  that  this  is  violet  \vithin,  tuj/Ucta  being  white. 
Ligament-area  (a.s  in  twglecta)  smooth  in  one  valve  only.] 

77.  Venus  Adamsii,  live.  Japan.  [Closely  related  to  Tapes  laci'niata,  San  Diego, 
in  size,  aspect,  hinge,  &c.  Differs  in  mantle-bend  being  not  so  long  or 
pointed,  and  the  radiating  sculpture  much  finer  :=  V.  rigida,  Gld.,  MS.,  in 
Stimpson's  list;  non  Gld.  in  '  Otia.'] 

80.  V&ms  ornatkswm,  livoA.  Panama,  sandy  mud,  10  fms.,  0/»iwy.  Still  unique. 
[Like  F.  .9««/t«,  jun.,  but  radiating  ribs  coarser  and  more  distant;  con- 
centric frills  not  palmated ;  lunule  pale,  laminated.] 

87.  Venus  cullosa  [Sby.,  non]  Conr.  Sandwich  Is.  and  Calif.  [  f'*<^e  note  to  no. 
51).  This  IS  the  V.  XuttaUii  of  the  Brit.  Assoc.  Report.  Those  who  regard 
it  as  distinct  from  Jluctifraga,  of  which  gUtbomln,  no.  47,  is  the  extreme 
form,  may  retain  the  name  callosa  of  Sby.,  but  nut  of  Conr.  Conrad's 
species  =t'.  nohi/h,  live.;  diflering  from  the  true  Callista,  w^  Mercrnaria 
does  from  Venus,  in  having  the  ligament-plate  rugose.]  =  V.Jiuctifraga, 
Sby.,  teste  Rve.  in  errata. 
105.  Venus  biliiwata,  live.  Gulf  Calif  Partakes  of  the  characters  of  c&tnpta 
and  subimbricata:  all  three  may  indeed  be  ditferent  states  of  one  and  the 
same  species.  [The  shell  figured  at  1056  has  all  the  peculiar  featiu-es  of 
compta,  which  are  clearly  marked  within ;  only  the  concentric  waves  are 
closer  than  usual.  The  shell  Kgured  at  105rt  appeal's  to  be  the  true  un- 
datella,  only  in  fine  condition,  the  type  being  rubbed.  It  has  exactly  the 
same  internal  characters,  including  colour ;  only  the  colour-lines  outside 
are  arranged  in  rays  instead  of  V  s.  Mr.  Reeve,  however,  retains  his  dill'er- 
ent  opinion.] 
IIG.  Venus  Ci/pria,  Sby.,  P.  Z.  S.  1852.  Is.  Plata,  West  Columbia.  [From  same 
district,  teste  Schott  in  JIus.  Smiths.]  Has  all  the  appearance  of  bfiug 
an  attenuately  produced  fonn  of  the  West  Indian  V.  paphia  [which  is 
also  from  Cape  \'erd  Is.,  teste  Macgillivray  in  Brit.  Mas.]. 

11.  Dione*  macuhif a,  List.  West  Indies  ;  Brazil ;  Pacific  Ocean.  Wii'ly  distri- 
buted in  both  hemispheres.  [No  authority  for  the  Old  World ;  i'  e  Pacific 
shells  are  Cullixfa  chioneea,  var.] 

15.  Dione  nobilis,  Rve  1H4U.  Cal.  \_=C.  callosa,  Conr.,  18-37.  The  original 
name,  from  type,  had  been  communicated  to  Mr.  11.,  but  is  not  quotid.] 

20.  Dione  semilamellosa  ■f,(im\d.,  =  C.  lu/mnaria,  Less.  Centr.  Am.   [=/upiiiiiria, 

Maz.  Cat.,  no.  95.  Vide  Deless.  llec.  Coq.  pi.  19.  f.  2 :  "  China  Seas,"  no 
authority.] 

21.  Dione  breviymnfa,  Hve.,  =  brevispiua,  Shy.     [Gulf  of  ]  California.     [Scarcely 

differs  from  C.  ivwtrt,  jun.] 

22.  Dione  inuUispinosa,  Sby.     I'eru.     Concentric  ridges  thinly  laminated ;  spines 

slender  and  numerous.     [An  extreme  form  of  the  Pacific  C.  Dione  (teste 
Hani.) ;  distinct  from  semilamellosa.^ 
21.  Dione  Veneris,  D'Arg.  Concii.  pi.  21.  f.  1,=  V.  Dione,  Ln.     West  Ind.  and 

*  The  figured  types  of  this  genus  had  been  accidentally  mislaid  ;  and  might  alter  ihe 
jiuli;ment8  given  in  tlie  text. 

t  "  Foe  obvious  reasons,  I  tliink  it  b^st  to  abandon  the  foul  name  given  to  this  lovely 
epoeies  hy  Lesson,"  Rve.  ( fide  Maz.  Ciit.  p.  70,  note.)  ?  W'c  uld  not  the  same  reaeona 
lead  to  tile  alteration  of  meretrix,  im^udira,  &c'. 

57 


573  REPORT— 1863. 

Ccntr.  Am.     [The  Pacific  shells  should  rank  with  species  22,  if  sup- 
posed distinct.     The  Hg.  is  24,  not  23.] 

24.  JDione  exspiuata,  Rve.    Ceutr.  Am.     Distinct,  if  the  others  are  ;   like  semilu- 

nif'llosH,  without  spines.     [Appears  to  be  C.  rosea,  jun.     The  tig.  is  23, 
not  24.] 

25.  I  Diotie  circinata,  Bom.     Mazatlan,  Mus.  Cum.  [without  authority.]  =  V. 


28,  a,  b.  I       rubra,  Gniel.,+  V.  Guineensis,  Gmel.,+  C.  alternata,  Brod.  [f.  28  repre 
sents  alternata;  the  other  figrures  appear  to  be  from  West  Indian  spe- 
cimen.", thoujrh  that  ancient  locality  is  not  mentioned.    Several  of  the 
reputed  West  Coast  shells  are,  however,  of  the  typical  form  and  colour.] 
33.  Dione  univolor,  Sby.,  =  Chione  badiu,  Gray,  =  Cyth.  lii/iila,  Anton.  ^V.  Columbia. 
38.  Dione   prora,   Conr.      "Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xautus,  California;    Carpenter.' 
[A  ^ery  distinct  form  among:  the  thin  inflated  species ;  only  yet  found  at 
the  Sandwich  Is.,  v.  no.  45.] 

45.  "(Mus.   Smithsonian  Institute  of  N.  America.)     This  shell,  from  Cape  St. 

Lucas,  Xantus,  California,  proves  to  be  the  Dione  prora  (Ci/therea  prora, 
Conr.)  of  our  preceding:  plate."  [Mr.  Sowerby's  ligure  well  represents 
the  unique  specimen  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  which  was  taken  alive  by  Mr, 
Xantus.  The  quotations  in  Conch.  Ic.  would  lead  to  the  inference  that 
"  Xantus  "  wius  regarded  as  that  part  of  "  California  "  in  which  Cape  St. 
Lucas  is  situated.  Both  the  external  and  internal  character  require 
that  a  separate  name  be  given  to  the  shell,  which  stands  as  Callista  pol- 
licaris,  Annals  Xat.  Hist.  vol.  xiii.  p.  312.] 

46.  Cytherea  consaiu/iiinea,  C.  B.  Ad.     Mus.  Cum.     Apparently  a  small  spe- 

cimen of  a  variety  of  C.  Iceta.  [Panama.  Diffei-s  from  C.  Iceta  in  inter- 
nal chiiracters.J 

62.  Dione  pannosa,  iihy.,=  Cytherea  Mea,  'Koch,+ Callista  pucHa,  Cpr.  Chili, 
Peru,  Mazatlan.  [No  authoiityfor  Mazatlan.  The  name  puvHa  girt  a 
to  the  Cape  St.  Luca.s  specimens  was  intended  as  varietal ;  although 
Mr.  Cuming  regards  tlu?  Peruvian  and  Peninsular  forms  as  dstinct.  It 
is  not  known  along  the  Central  American  coast.] 

25.  Circe  nummiilina.  Lam.  "  Central  America."  [Probably  not  from  the 
American  seas.  Admiral  Sir  E.  Belcher  is,  however,  conlident  tliat  he 
dredged  many  well-known  E.  Indian  forms  in  deep  water,  oil' San  Bia-^.] 

27.  Cytherea.   In  this  genus  are  grouped  the  Triyonee ;  besides  the  typical  species, 
=  Meretr{x,  (iray. 
3.  Cytherea  crassatvVoides,  Conr.     "  Bay  of  California."     [Not  known  geogra- 
phically.    The  shell  is  not  found  in  the  Gulf,  bein^  a  most  characteristic 
Californian  species.     San  Francisco,  S.  Diego,  i.*cc.] 

27.  Cytherea  radiata,  Sby.,  +  C.  yrnrilior,  Sby.,=  V.  Salanyensis,  D'Orb.  =  T.  By- 
ronensis,  (iray.     Salango  and  Xipixapi,  9  fms.  sandy  mud,  Cinniny. 

45.    Cytherea  nitidula,  Lam.     Mediterranean.     [The  figures  and  descriptions  of 
Sby.  and  IJve.  well  represent  specimens  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xatdm. 
Perhaps  not  identical  with  Lam.'s  species.] 
9.  Tapes  ynitu,  Desh.      I'hilippines.    [May  stand  as  T.  Deshayesii,  if  it  be  con- 
ceded that  Say's  F.  yrata  ranks  best  with  Ta}yes.'\ 

7.  Solarium  yraindatum,  Lam.     Mexico. 

8.  ISotarium  rerrueosum.VhW.     W.  Indies.     ?z=S.  gramdattnn,\RT. 

13.   Solarium  pforenfida,  [live.  z=  phwentaleAHds.  Bay  Magdalena,  7  this.,  Belrhrr. 

19.  Solarium  qundrir(ps,lli:*.  Panama.  Young  state  of  same  type  an  sp.  7  and  8, 
"  from  same  locality  (Pan.,  Mex.,  W.  I.),"  but  grows  much  larger.  [Tlie 
Texan  shells  in  Mus.  Smiths,  are  as  large  as  those  from  Cape  St.  Lucas : 
the  variations  on  each  coaat  are  coordinate.] 

63.  Klener.- — Tlie  following  species  may  be  added  to  the  list  quoted  from 
«  Coquilles  Vivuntes,"  in  Hep.  pp.  293,  294:— 

Pige.  PI.      FiR. 

13     2  1 
15.      <-V     />  Con»M  re<7J»M,  Chem.,=sC  pnWqM,  Ln.,  W.  Mexico. 

100    1  1*  I  ^"""'  Laryilliertiy  Kien.   Mexico.    [Coast  not  stated.] 

58 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  573 


Page. 

PI.    Fig. 

213. 

98.    2. 

65. 

27.    3. 

ContiJi  Phlltppii,  Kien.  Mexico.  [Coast  not  stated.] 

Pleurotomu  triticea,  Kien.     Indian  Ocean.      [Probably  Cithara 
stvomhoides,  Val. ;  Cupe  St.  Lucas.] 

45.  9.     2.     Culumbella  suturalis,  (jmy  {Gn«.  ^\.  A\.i.  2)=  C.costata,'D\xc\. 

Mon.  pi.  12.  f.  1,  2.    Pacitic,  Coasts  of  Peru  \_  =  Anachis  Jluc- 
tiiata,  ahy.^. 

46.  16.     4.     Cvlumbiiln  bicolor,  Kien.     Hah,  ? —  [  =  -4.  rtiyosa.'] 

64,  65.  {German  Authors.)  Pfeiffer. — Everj'thing  relating  to  the  land- 
shells  of  North  America  will  bo  found  so  thoroughly  collated  in  the  wurks 
of  Mr.  liinuey  (v.  infra),  that  it  is  only  judged  needful  to  present  here  tlie 
most  important  references  to  the  writings  of  the  great  authority  on  tho 
Pahnonata.  The  student  must  necessarily  consult  the  '  Symbolic  ad  Histo- 
riam  Heliceoruih,  Cassel,  1841 '  et  scj.,  which  contains  the  following  ori- 
ginal authorities  : — 

1840.  p.  89.  Achatina  CaUfnrnica,  Pfr.     Monterey,  Cal. 

91.  Achatina  (  Ghtndina)  furri.-.,  I'fr.    ILih.  ? —  [Genus  altered  to  Olcacinn, 
Mon.  llel.  iv.  p.  U40.     Maz.  Cat.  2;}1.] 

In  the  same  author's  great  woi'k,  '  Monographia  Heliceorum  Vivcntium,' 
lipsiaD,  1847-8,  occur — 

PiiSe. 

Vol.  I,        1847.     324.  Helix  Sagrainna,  D'Orb.     Cuba,  California.      [Sowerby's 

error,  copit'd  by  succeeding  writers.     The  specits  is  ei- 
cliisivelv  Cuban.] 
3.18.  Hvlix Jid'lis,  (Iray.      Oregon.  =  ^.  Nuttalliana,  Lea. 
33'J.  Helix  Califo  niensis,  Lea.      California.  +  H.  Xirh/iniana, 
Lea.     [Quoted  as  a  distinct  species  in  Vol.  IV.  p.  209.] 
(Vol.3.       229.      =H.arboretonnn,\&\.) 

341.  Helix  Townsendiana,  Lea.     Califrtmia, 
(Vol.  3.        220.       =  H  pedesfris,  GU.,  +  ruida,  Gld.) 

428.  Helix  Oref/onenm,  Lea.     Oreirou. 
('Vol.4.        227.       =H.  Jjiuiiefitkouursii,  testa  Vt'r.) 
Vol.  II.       1848.     101.  Bidinuis  Mexicanus,  Lam.     Tabasco,  Me.xico.  =  if.  (CocA/o- 

yena)  rittata,  Fer. 
(Vol.  4.       4'^2.      =  (hthnlicus  M.,  Cpr.) 

143.  Uulimiis  zebra,  Miill.*     Mexico,  &c  =  Zebra  MiiUeri,  Cheni. 
=  liulinam   undatus,  Uru^.  *  =  Orthaliciis  livena,  Beck', 
+  li.  priiirepit,  UroA.  +  B.  melanocheilas,  Val. 
231.  Bidimas  {Cochhxjena)  melania,  Fer.      California.  =  3/t-/(///ta 
striata,  VevT\  =  B.  borinus,  Briior. 
Vol.  nr.     18.53.     127.  Helix  Paadorep,  Fbs.     St.  Juau  del  Fuaco. 
(Vol.  4.        347.       =//.  JJamaKPenus,  Old.) 

415.  Biilinufi  Hinnboldti,  Rve.  =  .B.  Mexicanus,  Val.  [?  nor;  Lam.] 

Me.xico. 
422.  Biiliinas  Califnrnicus,  Rve.     Califomia. 
Vol.  IV.     1859.       89.  Helix  Mazatlanica,¥h.,n.s.  (Mai.  Blatt.,  Apr.  1850, ^». 43.) 

Mazatliin. 
208.  Helix  exarata.  Pfr.,  n.  s.     California. 
270.  Helix  re'ieidnta,  Pfr.  (Mai.  151att.  May  1857.  p.  87).    Cal. 
270.  Helix  Jllonnomim,  Pfr.     Mormon  Island,  California. 
347.  Hilix  cidtellata,  Thomson.     Contra  Costa  Co.,  C^alif<nTiia. 
3.")0.  Helix  arrnsa,( ihl.     Hab.? —  [California.]4-fi"'"'"/''«'>«',<  ^M. 
420.  Bidima,s  chordatm,.  Pfr.  (Mai.   Blatt.,  April  ISoG,  p.  40.) 

Miizatlaii. 
472.  Bulimas  Zieijleri.  Pfr.     (INIal.  Bltitt.,  Dec.  1856,   p.  232.) 
Mexico.     =  Orthalictts  Z.,  Cpr. 

•  These  appear  as  three  rli-Hnct  species  in  Vol.  IV.  p.  588-9,  with  the  addition  of  U* 
longus,  Pfr.  (=  Orthalkas  I.,  AlaL  Bliilt.,  Oct.  1856,  p.  187.)  ( 

59 


574.  EEPORT— 1863. 

In  the  '  Monographia  Pnenmonopomorum  Tiventinm,  itc,  CassrlUs,  1352/ 
by  the  same  learned  author,  the  following  is  the  onlj-  species  wliich  occurs  :-- • 
Suppl.  1858,  Vol.  II.  p.  7.  Truncatella  Californica,  Pfr.     San  Diego. 

In  Wiegmann's  *  Archives  fiir  Nat.,'  1837,  vol.  i.  p.  285,  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing species,  also  without  authority  : — 

Perna  qttadrata,  Anton.     California. 

In  Troschel's  '  Archives  fiir  "Natur '  are  quoted  the  following : — 

184.3.  Vol.  II.  p.  140.  FuBciolarin  sulcnfn.  Less.     Acapulco. 
1849.        „        p.    90.    Terebratula  Californica,  Linsley. 

In  the  'Abbildungen  und  Beschreibungcn  neuer  oder  wenig  gekanntor 
Conchylien,  herausgegeben  von  Dr.  R.  A.  Philippi,'  C'assel,  1H45-51,  are 
figured  the  following,  which  must  be  quoted  as  being  original  descriptions,  or 
for  the  synonymy: — 

[Et. 

Cyrena  solida,  Phil.     California,  &c. 

TeUitut  pisiformis,  Ln.  Mazatlan,  tS:c.=i.  pulchella,  Ad. 
?  =  Cardium  discors,  Mont. 

Ojfherea  Dioikcri,  Phil.  W.  C.  Mexico.  =  C  Paci/ica, 
Mus.  Berol.,  non  Dilhv. 

Cytherea  (Artetnii)  ijit/antea,  Sby.  California.  ?= Ar- 
temis ponderosa.  Gray. 

Murex  niifvitus,  I'hil.     ?  W.  C.  Mexico. 

Ilaliotis  ftdijens,  Phil.    ?  California.  =  H.  splendem,  Rve. 

Tttrbo  Fokkesii,  Jonas.     Gulf  of  California. 

Trochtis  strigilatm,  Ant.  California.  =  T.  pellis-serpentis, 
Wood. 

Patella  (Acmtea)  discors,  Phil.     Mexico. 

Lucina  obliqua,  Phil.     ?  \V.  C.  America. 

Lticinu  pisum,  Phil.     Mazatlan. 

Pecten  tunica,  Phil.  "  Sandwich  Islands  *.  E.  B. 
Philippi."'  Jan.  1844.  [=i*.  latiauritus,  Conr.,  teste 
Hani.     S.  Diego,  &c.] 

Pecten  Fabricii,  Phil.  Greenland.  [  =  P-  Islcindictis, 
jun.     Non  P.  Fabricii,  Gld.,  =  P.  Hiiidsii,  jnn.] 

Litorina  aberrans,  Phil.,  P.  Z.  S.  1845,  p.  142.  Pa- 
nama, on  rocks.     [  =  Tall  var.  of  Z.  conspersa.~\ 

In  Dr.  L.  Pfeiffer's  '  Xovitates  Conchologica;,'  Series  II.,  Marine  Shells,  by 
Dr.  W.  Danker,  Cassel,  1858,  occur  the  folloAving  species  from  Sitka : — 

Page.  PI.      Fig. 

1.     1.     3,  4.  Tritonium  carinatum,  Dkr.         Sitka.     [Should  be  pi.  2.  f  3,  4.] 
[  =  7".  angulosiim,  Morch,  on  plate.] 


Feb. 

Aug. 

1846. 
184G. 

Page 

4. 
24. 

.  PL 
1. 

4. 

7. 

Oct. 

1844. 

4. 

•  • 

•  ■ 

Apr. 

1847. 

33. 

7. 

1. 

Jan. 

April 

Oct. 

1845. 

1847. 
1846. 

1. 

11. 

5. 

8. 

1. 

7,8 

2. 

2. 

1. 
.  1. 
1,10 

9. 

Julv  1844. 
April  1850. 

7. 
9. 
9. 
2, 

2. 
2. 

2. 
l! 

5. 
8. 
9. 
3. 

6. 

1. 

5. 

11. 

6. 

9. 

2. 

1. 

s! 

2. 

4. 

1. 

2. 

2. 

7. 

2. 

35. 

10 

89. 

12 

Should  be  pi.  2.  f.  1,  2. 

Should  be  pi.  1.  I  5,  6. 
'Should  be  pi.  2.  i.  5,  6. 
"Should  be  pi.  1.  f.  3,  4 
"Should  be  pi.  1.  f.  1,  2.] 


1,  2.   Tritonium  Mnrchianum,  Dkr.    Sitka. 

5,  6.   Tritmiium  rtitilum,  Miirch.  „ 

6,  6.  Tritonium  Pombcrr/i,  Dkr.  „ 
3,  4.  Neptvnea  harpa,  Mcirch.  „ 
1,  2.  Nepttmea  ca«tanea,  Morch.  „ 

\_=zN.  badia,  on  plate.] 
6,  7.  Murex  (  Hemifusm)  Bel^heri,  Ilds.,  var.    ? —  [=  Chorus  B.,  L.  Cal.] 
7-9.   Cytherea  (Tivela)  argtita,  Rom.     Isthmas  of  Panama.     Resembles 

C.  {Trigona)  mactroides,  Rom.     [Probably  Caribbean.] 

66.  British  Museum   Collection. — "  Lutmtia  ravida,   Souleyet,  Panama," 

•  A  large  number  of  Califomiau  ghells  hare  been  assigned  to  the  Sandwich  Is.,  in  con* 
Bequence  of  the  abundant  trade  between  the  two  localities.  They  may  often  have  beet 
obtained  at  Honolulu  by  naturalists,  who  had  no  reason  to  doubt  their  having  livi-d  ther» 
All  that  is  known  of  the  genuine  Hawaian  faoua  Will  shortly  be  jfubiisbed  by  Mr.  Sow- 
erbv,  for  W.  H.  Tease.  Esq.,  of  Hoaoiuiu. 

60 


» 

>» 

rt 

&c 

ff 

&c 

N. 

America. 

ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5"^ 

is  given  without  authority;  and  the  locality  is  probably  erroneous.  Various 
other  shells  are  scattered  in  the  national  collection,  assigned  either  generally 
to  the  West  Coast  or  to  special  localities,  which  it  has  not  been  considered 
needful  to  tabulate  without  confirmation. 

68.  Various  sources. — Under  this  head  may  he  firrangcd  gleanings  from 
European  authors  not  consulted  in  preparing  the  first  llei)ort. 

In  the  '  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Cocjuilles,'  by  L.  A.  G.  Bosc,  Paris,  1830, 
the  following  species,  not  previously  quoted,  are  assigned  to  the  "NVest  Coast, 
but  without  authority  : — 

Tol.      Page. 

in.       44.  Vemis  pophia.    W.  America. 

280.  Nerita  fiLynram,  Bosc.     W.  C.  America. 

290.  Natica  nit/osa,  Chem. 

IV.        60.  Helix  ^    I  iijrina.    Island  on 

152.  Trnchus  solarix. 

156.  Trochus  radiatus. 

219.  Murex  lima.  W.  C. 

In  Lesson's  '  Illustrations  de  Zoologie,'  Paris,  1831-2,  appear — 

Plate. 

2.  Cah/p<enpsis  tuhifera,  Less.  \_=:Crucihulum  s]7!)iosiim\ 

41.  (1832.)   Trirhotropus  Soicerbien^is,  Lesson.     .Seas  of  New  World.  =  Trichotri/ptt 

bicarinnta,  Br.  &  Shy. =  Turbo  bicnrinatui,  Sby. 
48.  Terebra  Jlammea,  Less.  [?=  T.  striffom],  Antilles  ;  Isth.  Panama. 

5L  Tegula  eleyans,  Less.  l^=  T.  pellis-serpentis].     Isth.  Panama. 

The  following  West  Coast  shells  are  named  and  figured  by  Dr.  Gray  in 
•Griffith's  Edition  of  Cuvier's  Animal  Kingdom,'  London,  1834.  In  some 
instances  there  are  also  a  few  words  of  description : — 

Plate.  Fig. 

1.  3.  Litorina  pulchra. 
41.  5.    TnrbeneUa  ceratus  [?  Turhinelltt.i']. 
41.  6.   Volumbella  siduralis  [Kiener  figures  this  shell  for  Anachisjluctuata,  Sby.| 

18;32.     The  original  might  stand  for  many  species]. 
36.  2.  Nas<a  Nortkia  \_  =  Xorthio  serrata,  Kien.]. 

36.  3.   Turbinella  tubercularis  [  =  La  finis  tubcrculatus  (  =  ceratus,  C.  B.  Ad.)]. 
23.  5.    Terebra  Africana.     [The  (tuIF  Cal.  shell,  =  i'rtriVY/rt^a.l 

25.  2.   Triton  (Puaio)  elegam  [^  =  Pisania  iiisit/nis.  IJvo.,  1846]. 

37.  2.   Columbella  harpaformis  l=harpiformis,  Sbv.]. 

37.6.  Clavatula  Griffifhii.  [VTohahh  =  PI.  funiciilata.  The  shells  in  this  plato 
are  reversed,  but  are  repeated  correctly  in  pi.  37  *.] 

19.  1.  Cytherea  Dronea,  var.  \_=  C.  semilamellosa,  ija\xi. ;  perhaps  intended  fcr 
C.  dione,  var.]. 

In  Woodward's  most  valuable'  ^fanual  of  the  Molhisca,'  London,  1851-6, 
the  following  species  are  quoted  as  from  "  California  "  : — 

P»ge.      PI.    Fig. 

108.      5.     5.   Cancellaria  retindata,  Dillw.     [?W.  Indies.] 
171.  Phifsa  Mauqera.     [?  Ecuador.] 

329.     23.  22.  Paraphola^himlcata,  Conr.  [r.  Rep.  p.  265.     Not  laiown  from  the 
Califomian  or  AV.  Mexican  coasts.     Resembles  P.  caha]. 

In  the  very  valuable  handbook  of  bivalves,  '  Recent  Shells,  by  S.  Hanley, 
London,  1842-56,'  will  be  found  either  quoted  or  original  diagnoses  of  all 
West  Coast  species  known  to  the  learned,  patient,  and  minutely  exact  com- 
piler. As  the  locality-marks  are  simply  transcripts,  they  are  not  here  repeated, 
especially  as  "  CaUfomia "  is  used  for  both  the  temperate  and  the  tropical 
faunas.     The  following  synonyms  will  be  serviceable  to  the  student ; — 

PilRe. 

16.  Solen  sttbteres,  Com.,?  =S.  Dombe%,?+Caltfomia7ius.     Upper  Cal. 
28.  Lftti-aria  Uneata  Sfi^ ,— {Cryptodon)  Xttttallii [teste  Hani,  non]  Conr, 


07Q  REPOBT— 1  SG**. 

72.   TelUna  inronspicva,  Br.  and  Sby.,  ?  =  Sanffuinolaria  [^Califvmiana,  Conr.,  nonl 
fmca,  Conr.  [=the  Eastern  species]. 

In  the  Appendix  are  the  following  species,  of  which  small  figures  are  ^ivco 
t.i  correspond  with  those  in  Wood's  Ind.  Test: — 

Page.      PI.      Fie. 

.'vS'.t.     13.     60.  Periphma  obtiisa,  Ilanl.     W.  America. 

.*!41.     12.       b.  Amphidesma  irroximum,  CR.  AA.,  =  A.  corruffatiim,  KA^.     Mexico. 

373.     18,    51.  Area  Meett ana,  D'Orh.     W.  America.  =  .1.  syfwwosa,  var.,  DOrb. 

=  A.  Helbitif/ii,  live. 
SS8.     24.     ^.  Meleagi-ina  Mazatlanicn,l\»xA,     Mazatlan  [  =  3/.  ^wfirta/a,  Dkr.]. 

The  following  are  extracted  from  the  •  Journal  de  Conchyliologie,'  Paris, 
1850:— 

Page.         PI.     Fig. 
No.  1.  Feb.  18.50.  67.         3.    4.  Cohmhella  Hancti,  Petit.     ?  Mazatlan. 

4.  Uec.  1850.  410.  Obsenations  on  Xerita  scabricosta,  Lam.,  by 

Petit.     West  Coast  of  N.  America. 
Vol.  3.  18.52.  57.  2.     11.        Mitm  Ilnneti,  Petit.     Mazatlan. 

4.  18.5:?.  53.  2.     11,12.  Kutica  Taslei,  Reel.     Mazatlan. 

4.  1853.84,160.0.     l^\b.  GnathodonM(jonum,VQt\t.   Mazatlan  [  =  3/. 

metidica,  Old.,  1851]. 
4.  1863.  119.       6.     12.        Eecluzi'a   Rolhmdiana,   Reel.      [Genus  de- 

scribed.]    Mazatlan. 
4.  1863.  154.       5.    9,10.     Natica  Moquitiiana,  Reel.     PWest  Coast  of 

America. 
Paries  II. 

Vol.2.  Oct.  1857.  171.  AdeorbisVe7-rauTit\Tbcher.)  f^^^.^^^^^ 

285.         6.  Skenca  Verraiixii,  Fischer,    f 

292.  Review  of  the  IJrit.  Assoc.  Report  and  Brit. 

Mus.  Reifren  Catalojrue,  by  Fischer. 
Vol.  9.  209.  Review  of  the  Smithsonian  Check  Lists,  by 

Fischer. 
The  following  species  are  figured  in  Chenu's  '  Illustrations  Conchyliolo- 
giques ' ;  but  no  authority  is  given  for  the  localities,  nor  etymology  for  the 
remarkable  names : — 

Olira  selwiia,  Dud.     Acapulco. 
Oliva  caldania,  Uucl.     California. 
Oliva  razamola,  Dud.     California. 

Olivia  azevnda,  Duel.     California. 

Oliva  mantichora,  Duel.     California. 

Oliva  pindarina,  Duel.     California. 

Oliva  todosina,  Duel.     California. 

An  excellent  commentary  on  the  above  species,  and  on  the  difficult  genns 
to  which  they  belong,  is  supplied  in  the  '  llevue  Critique  du  genre  OHva,'  by 
M.  Ducros  de  St.  Germain,  Clermont,  1857.  It  was  written,  not  from  the 
well-known  London  collections,  but  from  a  very  large  series  containing  all 
the  types  figured  by  Duclos.  The  following  is  the  author's  arrangement  of 
the  West  Coast  forms,  excluding  citations  of  weU-known  species. 

Iso.     Page. 

25,     49.  Oliva  angnlafa  does  not  include  azemula,  Duel.,  as  Rve.  says ;  that  being 

a  var.  ot ponderosa-\-erf/throsto7tia. 
2G.     50.  Oliva  Maria,  n.s.,  pi.  2.  f.  26,  a,  b  ;  intermediate  between  Juliftta  and  an- 

gidain.     California,  teste  Duclos.     [Appears  to  be  one  of  the  vars.  of 

Cuminqii.'] 
28.     52.  Olira  retiadarix.     To  the  tj-pical  W.  Indian  shells  are  united  those  from 

California,  Panama,  Madagascar,  Japan,  N.  Holland,  K.  Zealand,  &c. 

62 


Page. 

PL 

Fig. 

8. 

2. 

19,  20. 

1.3. 

7. 

3,  4,  21,  22. 

13. 

7. 

5,  9,  2.3,  24 

1  ■* 

114. 
15. 

7. 

1/. 

1,  2, 10, 11 

19. 

16. 

7,8. 

19. 

112. 
17. 

10,  11. 1 

7,8.     ( 

28. 

27. 

9,10, 

ox  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  CO.KSf   OF  \ORTH  AMKRICA.     577 

The  synonymy  includes  venulafn-^-rtrfini'Ofa-^-Cunn'iif/n-i-rTtoh  rPiul. 

nnn  Lam.)  +  pindarina  -{-fu.siformi-  -\-  timnrla  +  obr-iinn  4-  tisiphima  + 

viemmmia-\-aldinia-\-oni<ka-\-cal<Iaiiin-\-har!nilaria-\-caHdidii-\-ustiilata. 
01     83.    0/»Va  Steerup,  Rve.     Mazatlan,  iW.  Vvrreaiu:  =  ^te  Uwa,  var.  ] 
Ur.    80.  Oliva  Deshayesiana,  n.  s.     Atlixa,  pi.  •'>.  f.  07,  a,  h  :    iiiteriiUMliate  betweou 

BrazUienxis  and  auriculaiia,     Califoruia.  teste  Duclod.    [Certainly  not 

from  the  West  Coast.] 
0^.    87.   Olira  volntella,  ham. +razamnla,  Duel. 
71.    89.    Oliva  tmdatella,  haim.-\-nedulina,  Duel. ;  but  not  ozodona,  Duel.,  ai  Rve. 

say3. 
7-3.    89.  Olica  Uncolata,  Gray  in  Wood's  Tnd.  Test.  =/»wrp?/rff'rt.  Swain s.=r7rt/Mrt, 

Duel.    [i.  e.  dama,  Goodall  in  Wood,  =  Uneolata,  Gray  MS.  in  B.  M., 

Zool.  Beech.  Voy.] 
I'y.    91.   Olim  selasi'a,  Duel.     Acapulco ;  teste  Duel.     "  We  know  nothing  of  this 

remnrkaljle  shell  but  the  specimen  fiij:iired  by  the  autlior." 
8-5.    90.  Olira  mntica,  Say -\-ritJifasciata,  Rve.  [assigned  by  eiTor  to  the  Califoraian 

0.  batica,  var.]+^'«6'"*«te,  Rve. 

In  the  most  recent  and  among  the  most  valuable  of  the  contributions  to 
onr  knowledge  of  local  faunas,  '  ilollusques  de  Tile  de  la  Reunion,  par  M. 
G.  P.  Deshayes,'  Paris,  1803,  occur  very  unexpectedly  the  following  species 
cmnccted  with  the  West  Coast,  either  by  name  or  by  identity.  The  list  of 
o'iO  species  from  this  little  island,  which  the  researches  of  M.  ^tiiillard  has 
brouilht  to  light,  contains  several  West  Indian  forms  and  a  large  number 
tnown  in  the  Central  Pacific  and  even  t  le  Sandwich  Islands. 


>'o. 

38.       10.  Chama  imbricata,  Brod. 

47.       19.  Liicina  tiqeritm,  Ln.    "  Common  on  sands,  with  Capm  drjlorata,  as  at 

the  Antilles." 
65.      2:1.  Modiola  cinnainomea,  Chem.  [Bntula,  Miirch,  teste  A.  Ad.] 
110.       40.   Chiton  sanguineus,  Desh.  pi.  0.  f.  4-7.     [Xon  Ch.  sanr/uinem.  Eve.     As 

the  West  Coast  %\\&\\=  Ischiwchiton  timacifornm,  Sby.,  the  Bourbon 

species  may  retain  its  name,  especially  if,  as  is  pi'obable,  it  belongs  to 

another  genus.] 
107.       03.  Solarium  [Torinial  ran'eqatum,  Lam. 
210.       74.   Turhn  phanianellu-s,  Desh.      Minute  edition  of  T.  petholatus  ;  nacreous. 

[Not  congeneric  with  T.  phasiamlla  (Phil.),  C.  B.  Ad.,  Panama  .shells, 

no.  282.] 
203.      79.  Natica  Marocchiensis,  Lam.,  Q.  and  G.  Astr.  pi.  GO.  f.  10-19.  \?=ma- 

roccana,  Chem.] 
307.      95.  Cvrithium  tmciiiatum,  Gmel.  Thes.  Conch,  pi.  180.  f.  78,  79.  [?=  C.  un- 

cinatum  (Gmel.),  Sby.] 
303.     114.  Purpura  patida.  Lam.  [Lmn.]. 
403.     115.  Pur)yura?ochrostoma  (\M.),\i\e.  \^SiMntm']. 
405.     115.  Purpura  (Coralliophila)  madirpurartim,  ^hy.  [?  Rhizocheilus.   =Lepto- 

conchus  monodonfa,  Quoy,  teste  Gld.  Otia,  p.  215.] 
440.     132.   Terefn-a  luctuosa,  lids. 
600.     140.  Cerithium  fiallfipaiiiiii    (X.  Ad.),  Sby.  Thes.      [Sbv.'s  species  =  inter" 

ruptum,  Mke.,  non  C.  B.  Ad.,  no.  198,  rough  var.]  * 

93.  Smithsonian  Institution. — At  the  time  of  the  first  Report,  the  tempe- 
rate fauna  of  the  West  Coast  was  only  known  through  sources  liable  to  error, 
the  collectors  having  visited  other  regions  besides  Oregon  and  California,  and 
the  species  described  by  American  authors  being  but  imperfectly  understood 
in  this  country.  The  large  accession  to  the  number  of  authentic  species,  the 
important  elimination  of  synonyms?,  and  the  assignment  of  ascertained  loca- 

*  The  review  of  the  remainder  of  the  first  Report,  nos.  00-02.  will  be  postponed  till  after 
the  production  of  the  new  materials,  wliich  are  almost  entirely  from  Americau  sources. 
IS03. 

DO 


5r3  BtPQRT— 1863. 

lities,  which  are  placed  on  record  in  Uiis  Keport,  are  due  almost  entirely  to 
the  stimulus  atForded  to  science  in  general,  and  to  this  branch  especially,  hy 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  at  Washington,  B.C.  The  fund  bcijiieathed  \j 
Mr.  Smithson,  "  for  the  increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge  among  men, ' 
having  been  declined  by  the  Universities  to  which  it  was  offered  in  the  Old 
World,  is  held  (in  tnist  only)  by  the  U.  S.  Government  *.  It  is  administered 
by  a  permanent  body  of  Regents,  according  to  a  constitution  drawn-out  at 
their  instance  by  the  Secretary,  Prof.  J.  Heniy,  LL.D.  It  may  be  safely 
stated  that  to  his  unswerving  consistency,  cautious  judgment,  and  catholic 
impartiality  it  is  mainly  owing  that,  during  various  political  and  social 
changes,  the  Institution  has  not  only  steered  clear  of  all  party  bias  in  the 
United  States,  but  has  distributed  its  advantages  with  e(iual  hand  on  both 
sides  of  the  Atlantic.  The  Natural  History  department  is  under  the  special 
superintendence  of  the  Assistant-Secretarj-,  Prof.  Spencer  Baird,  M.D.,  whose 
indefatigable  zeal,  fertility  of  resource,  and  thorough  knowltdge  of  the  re- 
quirements of  the  science  have  enabled  the  Institution,  by  a  comparatively 
small  outlay,  not  only  to  amass  in  a  few  years  an  enormous  store  of  accurate 
materials,  but  also  to  eliminate  from  them  a  series  of  publications  on  various 
important  branches  cf  American  zoology.  The  contributions  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  to  our  knowledge  of  the  West  Coast  fauna  may  be  consi- 
dered under  [A]  its  collections  and  [Bj  its  publications. 

[A]  SmitJisoiiian  Colhdions. — According  to  the  present  law,  all  collections 
made  in  expeditions  fitted  out  by  the  Government  become  the  property  of  the 
Smiths.  Inst.,  with  liberty  to  exchange  duplicates.  Its  museum,  therefore, 
is  rich  in  types ;  and  its  liberal  policy  allows  of  all  duplicates  being  trans- 
mitted to  public  collections,  to  schools  of  science,  or  to  individuals  engaged 
in  special  departments  of  study.  Not  being  forced  into  an  unalterable  plan 
of  operations,  like  many  leading  museums  of  the  Old  World,  permission  was 
given  to  send  nearly  the  whole  of  the  moUnscs  to  this  country,  that  they 
might  be  compared  with  the  Ciimingian,  the  Brit.  Mus.,  and  other  leading 
collections t.  The  importance  of  thus  establishing  a  harmony  of  nomencla- 
ture for  species  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic  can  scarcely  be  over-estimated. 
The  previous  want  of  it  can  be  abundantly  seen  by  comparing  paragraphs 
39,  43,  54,  &c.,  in  the  first  and  in  this  Report.  The  West  Coast  collections 
belonging  to  the  Smiths.  Inst,  are  mainly  from  the  following  sources : 
a.  The  United  States  Exploring  Expedition,  under  Capt.  (afterwards  Admiral) 

Wilkes,  1837-1840,  v.  par.  43. 
6.  The  North  Pacific  Exploring  Expedition,  iinder  Capt.  Rogers,  1853-1855. 

Collector,  Dr.  Stimpson. 
9.  The  Pacific  Railroad  Expedition,  49th  parallel,  under  Governor  ,T.  J. 

Stevens,  1853-54.     Collections  made  in  Puget  Sound  by  Dr.  Suckley, 

and  at  Columbia  River  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper.     Dr.  Suckley  also  collected 

at  Panama, 

*  The  war  has  but  to  a  limited  extent  curtailed  the  funds  and  interfered  with  the 
operations  of  the  Institution. 

t  1  le  Cunard  Steamship  Company  hare  most  liberally  conveyed  these  stores  across 
the  Atlantic,  free  of  cost.  The  British  and  American  Governments  have  allowed  siieeial 
facilities  for  passing  the  Custom  Houses  without  derangement.  Similar  acts  of  lilicrality 
and  courtesy  are  continually  aflbrded  to  the  Smiths.  Inst. — The  materials  for  tliis  Rejiort 
have  been  placed  unreservedly  in  the  hands  of  the  writer,  although  he  went  to  Wasliinj;- 
ton  as  a  complete  stranger,  and  with  no  other  introduction  than  his  published  writings. 

64 


OV  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  NORTH  AMERICA.  579 

d.  The  Pacific  Railroad  Survey,  under  Lieutenant  R.  S.  Williamson,  1853. 

Collector,  Dr.  A.  L.  Heermann. 
«.  The  Pacific  Railroad  Survey,  under  Lieutenant  R.  S.  Williamson,  1855, 

Collector,  Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry. 

f.  Unitt'd  States  and  Mexican  Boundary  Survey,  under  Major  W.  H.  Emory, 

lSo2.     Collector,  Arthur  Schott. 

g.  Colorado  Expeditioa,  under  Lieutenant  J.  C.  Ives.     Collector,  Dr.  J.  S. 

Newberry. 
h.  The  United  States  North-West  Boundary  Survey,  under  Com.  A.  Camp- 
boll.     Collectors,  Dr.  Kcnnerley  and  Mr.  (Jeorge  Gibl)S. 
Besides  the  above  official  explorations  on  the  American  side,  dnrinp  a 
period  in  which  the  British  Government  only  fitted  out  a  sinj^le  expedition 
coordinate  with  h,  the  Smiths.  Inst,  has  received  a  large  number  of  pri- 
vate collections  from  their  correspondents,  of  which  the  following  are  the 
principal : — 
I.   Mr.  Jas.  G.  Swan,  from  Port  Townsend,  Cape  Flattery,  Neeah  Bay,  and  the 

neighbouring  shores  of  Vancouver ;  at  intervals,  during  many  years. 
j.   Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper,  early  private  collections  from  Shoalwuter  B;iy  and  various 

stations  in  California  and  from  Panama;  and  lately  the  dredged  collections 

of  the  California  State  Geological  Survey,  of  which  a  portion  were  sent 

in  advance  by  Dr.  Palmer, 
i-.  California  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  duplicates  of  their  collection, 

with  the  privilege  of  inspecting  unique  specimens. 
J.  Dr.  E.  Vollum,  U.S.A.,  from  Fort  Umpqua. 

m.  Lieutenant  W.  P.  Trowbridge,  from  coast  of  Oregon  and  California, 
n.  Dr.  J.  A.  Veatch,  from  the  peninsula  of  Lower  California,  and  especially" 

from  Cerros  Island. 
0.  Mr.  A.  S.  Taylor,  from  Monterey. 
IK  Mr.  Andrew  Cassidy,  from  S.  Diego. 
<{.  Rev.  J.  Rowell,  now  of  San  Francisco,  from  ^  irious  stations  in  both  faunas, 

and  especially  from  Sta.  Crux,  and  the  Fai  illones  Is. 
r.  Mr.  John  Xantus,  of  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  from  Cape  St.  Lucas.     Sptci- 

mens  were  received  through  him  from  Socorro  Island  (one  of  the  Revilla- 

gigedo  group),  Tres  Marias  and  Margarita  Island, 
s.  Cai)tain  C.  P.  Stone,  from  Guaymas  and  the  northern  part  of  the  Gulf  of 

Califorria. 
t.  Captain  C.  M.  Dow,  from  the  coast  of  Central  America. 
?(   Dr.  J.  H.  Sternberg,  from  Panama. 

V.  Dr.  J.  H.  I'rick,  Mr.  James  Hepburn,  and  others,  from  San  Francisco. 
VI  Mr.  C.  N.  Piotte,  U.  S.  Minister  to  Costa  Rica,  from  Puntas  Arenas. 
A'.  Mr.  W.  H.  Pease,  of  Honolulu,  collections  made  by  his  agents  at  various 

stations  on  the  coast,  particularly  at  Margarita  Baj'. 
Collections  ha'-e  also  been  received  from  various  expeditions  already  tabu- 
luted  in  the  first  Report ;  and  from  stray  quarters  not  here  included  because 
their  accuracy  mxy  admit  of  doubt.  The  species  received  from  the  most  im- 
jiortant  of  these  sources  will  be  enumerated  in  their  order  ;  of  the  remainder, 
exact  lists  may  be  consulted  by  the  student  in  the  Smithsonian  Catalogues, 
and  the  combined  results  will  be  found  tabulated  as  '  Pacific  Railroad  Expe- 
ditions '  or  '  Smithsonian  Collections.' 

[BJ  Smithsonian  Puhlications. — These  may  be  classed  under  three  heads. 
(1.)  Works  published  by  the  U.  S.  Government,  with  more  or  less  of  assist- 
ance derived  from  and  through  the  Smiths.  Inst.     (2.)  The  '  Smithsonian 
Contril)utions  to  Knowledge,'  printed  in  4to,  and  answering  to  the  '  Trans- 
5  65 


/SO  KrpoRT— 18G3. 

•etions'  of  English  learned  societies;  and  (3.)  The  '^isrennneons  Collec* 
tion«,'  in  Svo,  answering  to  the  '  ProceedingH  '  ot"  the  sot  ieties  : — 

(1.)  The  series  of  ten  4to  volumes,  called  '  Pa(  itic  Railroad  Reports,'  con- 
tains a  complete  rentntie  of  the  natural  historj'  of  the  western  slope  of  North 
America.  The  Recent  and  Tertiurj-  Fos^il  MoUusca  will  he  analyzed  in  the 
following  pages.  Accounts  have  also  heen  published  of  the  natural  history 
of  other  expeditions.— The  annual  volumes  of  '  Reports  of  the  Regents  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,'  pvihlished  hy  the  U.  S.  (Jovenmient,  contain  exact 
accoimts  of  the  assistance  rendered  to  the  expeditions  hy  the  Smiths.  Inst., 
as  well  as  lectures  and  articles  on  special  sulijects.  In  these  will  he  found 
full  particulars  of  the  priuciples  which  regulate  the  natural-history  workings 
of  the  Institution*. 

{2.)  The  only  paper  hearing  on  our  present  inquiry  as  yet  published  in 
the  '  Contributions '  is  on  the  "  Invertcbrata  jf  the  Grand  Manan,"  hy  Dr.  W. 
Stimpson,  which  should  be  consulted  by  ail  who  desire  to  institute  a  compa- 
rison between  the  sub-boreal  faunas  on  the  two  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 

(3.)  The  'Miscellaneous  Collections'  are  all  stereotyped,  and  very  freely 
circulated.  Among  them  vriW  be  found  "  Directions  "'  for  collecting  specimens 
of  natural  history-,  with  special  instnictions  concerning  the  desiderata  on  the 
Pacific  coasts.  These  have  been  widely  distributed  among  the  various  go- 
vernment officials,  the  emploi/e.s-  of  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  and  the  variously 
ramified  circulating  media  at  the  command  of  the  Smiths.  Inst. ;  and  have 
already  borne  a  fair  share  of  important  results,  although  the  war  has 
greatly  impeded  the  expected  prosecution  of  natural -histoiy  labours.  "  Check 
Lists  ■'  have  been  published  "  of  the  Shells  of  North  America,  by  I.  Lea, 
P.  P.  Carpenter.  AY-  Stimpson,  W.  G.  Binney,  and  T.  Prime."  June  lf<hO.  No. 
1  contains  the  Marine  Shells  of  the  "  Oregonian  and  Cnlifornian  ^ro^^IK•e,'* 
and  No.  2  of  the  "  Mexican  and  Panaraic  Pro\-ince."  They  arc  chietly  com- 
piled from  the  first  British  Association  Report,  with  such  elimination  of  .sy- 
nonyms and  doubtful  spemes,  and  addition  of  fresh  materials,  as  had  become 
available  up  to  the  date  of  publication.  They  were  not  intended  to  be  quoted 
as  authorities ;  and  so  rapid  has  been  the  accumulation  of  fresh  infornuition 
that  no.  1  is  already  out  of  date.  In  the  *'  Terrestrial  Gasteropoda,"  by  W. 
G.  Binney,  list  no.  1  contains  the  "  species  of  the  Pacific  coast,  from  the  ex- 
treme north  to  Mazatlan,"  to  which  many  additions  have  since  been  made. 
In  the  list  f  "  Fluviatile  Gasteropoda,"  also  by  W.  G.  Binney,  "  the  letter  W 
distingui>hes  those  confined  to  the  Pacific  coast,  WE  is  affixed  to  those 
found  in  both  sections  of  the  continent,  and  M  designates  the  Mexican 
sjtecics.  From  the  starting-point  of  this  list  considerable  progress  has 
already  been  mjide.  In  the  brief  list  of  "  Cyclades,  by  Temple  Prime,"  the 
Mexican  and  Central  American  species  are  similarly  designated ;  but  the 
western  species  and  those  common  to  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  United  States 
are  not  distinguished.  In  the  Ust  of  "  Unionida;,"  by  Dr.  I.  Lea,  whose  life- 
long devotion  to  the  elucidation  of  that  family  is  everywhere  gratefully 
acknowledged,  the  Pacific  species  are  designated  by  a  P.     The  large  series 

•  The  '  Lectures  on  Mollusca,'  in  the  Vol.  for  1860,  pp.  151-283,  will  perhaps  be  found 
nsefiil  as  a  digest  of  classical  forms.  It  was  to  have  been  illustrated  with  copies  of  woodcuts, 
kindly  promised  by  Dr.  Gray,  and  since  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Smiths.  Inst,  by  the 
courtesy  of  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  ;  but,  unfortunately,  the  blocks  were  not 
to  be  found  at  the  time.  They  will  appear,  however,  in  forthcoming  Smithsonian  publi- 
cations. The  'Lecture  on  the  Shells  of  the  Gulf  of  California,'  in  the  Vol.  for  1S.")9, 
pp.  195-219,  contains  in  a  popular  form  much  of  the  information  distributed  througli  the 
Brit.  Mus.  Mas:.  Cat. 

66 


ON  MOLI.rsCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XOBTII  AMERICA.  581 

of  9pociincn!»,  representin";  varieties  and  ages,  in  Dr.  Lea's  private  colleftion 
tire  well  deserving  of  close  study.  Their  owner  shares  the  liljoiality  of  Mr. 
Cuming  in  making  them  available  for  all  purposes  of  seientitic  in(juiry. 

The  Smiths.   Inst,  has  just  issued  from  the  press  the  first  jKirt  of  the 
•liihliography  of  North  American  Conchology,  previous  to  the  year  ISCO,'  bv 
W.  G.   Binney,   containing   references  to  all  printed  information  on  North 
American  shells  by  native  writers.    It  is  divided  into  "  §  A.  American  dcsci  iji- 
tions  of  North  American  moUascs ;    §  B.  American  descriptions  of  forei<in 
molluscs ;  §  C.  Descriptions  of  foreign  species  by  American  authors  in  foieign 
^vorks."'     The  work  is  prepared  with  unusual  cure  and  completeness,  and 
with  the  accurate  judgment  which  characterizes  aU  Mr.  Hinucy's  writings. 
It  contains,  under  every  separate  work  or  paper,  "  a  list  of  species  therein 
described  or  in  any  important  manner  referred-to,  together  \vith  their  syno- 
nymy, locality,  and  the  volume,  page,  plate,  and  figure  relating  to  them." 
The  second  part,  containing  similar  references  to  American  species  described 
by  European  writers,  is  now  passing  through  the  press.     Mr.  liinney  has 
most  kindly  sent  the  proofs  to  the  writer  (as  far  as  p.  :i87),  which  have  been 
freely  used  in  preparing  this  Report,  and  have  supplied  various  important 
Bourccs  of  information.  It  undertakes  to  pronde  for  the  whole  North  American 
continent  what  has  been  here  attempted  for  the  West  Coast ;  and  in  much 
greater  detail,  as  not  only  the  first  description,  hut  all  subsequent  quotations 
are  duly  catalogued.     It  may  be  regarded  as  a  complete  index  of  references 
to  all  works  on  North  American  malacology.     The  student,  in  making  use 
of  it,  will  remember  that  it  is  only  with  the  Pulraonates  that  Mr.  Kinney 
professes  an  intimate  acquaintance.     For  these  the  work  may  be  regarded  as 
complete.     But,  in  other  departments  of  the  science,  only  those  shells  which 
are  assigned  by  the  authors  to  North  America  are  quoted ;  consecjuently  a 
large  number  of  species  are  passed-over  which  are  truly  American,  but  are 
assigned  to  other  places,  or  described  without  locality.     Also,  si)ecies  really 
belonging  to  other  faunas,  but  falsely  attributed  to  North  America,  duly 
appear  as  though  genuine ;  and  the  additional  localities  frequently  assigned 
by  the  authors  (which  are  often  the  real  habitats)  are  seldom  quoted.    More- 
over the  citations  stop  at  Mazatlan;  consequent!}-,  the  tropical  fauna  of  the 
West  Coast  is  but  imperfectly  represented.     Lastly,  the  authors  are  not  pre- 
sented in  chronological  or  indeed  in  any  other  ostensible  order  ;  but  it  Ls  pro- 
mised that  the  necessary  information  will  be  given  in  the  index  on  the  com- 
pletion of  the  work.     The  student  will  furtlier  bear  in  mind  that  for  many 
reasons  no  second-hand  reference  can  serve  the  same  purpose  as  a  consultation 
of  the  original  book.     With  these  cautions  the  work  will  be  found  invaluable 
by  all  who  are  engaged  in  working-out  American  species ;  and  great  thanks 
are  due  to  Mr.  Binney  for  undertaking  the  extreme  labour  of  its  com])ilaticn, 
and  to  the  Smiths.  Inst,  for  supplying  the  expense  of  its  publication,    rroljably 
no  such  work  has  yet  been  printed  on  the  malacology  of  any  other  couiitiy. 

Lastly,  there  is  now  in  preparation  a  complete  series  of  hand-books  on 
North  American  malacology,  copiously  illustrated  Avith  wood  engravings,  and 
containing  a  digest  of  all  that  is  known  in  each  department.  The  marine 
shells  of  the  Atlantic  are  being  described  by  Dr.  Stimpson,  who  is  now  also 
engaged  in  the  dissection  of  the  Freshwater  Rostrifers ;  the  marine  shells  of 
the  Pacific  are  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  writer ;  the  Pulmonates  will  be 
thoroughly  worked-out  by  Mr.  Binney,  the  Melaniada?  by  Mr.  Tryon,  and 

67 


583  EEPORT — 18G3. 

the  Cycladidae  by  Mr.  Prime.  Thus  it  appears  that  the  malacologists  have 
been  unusually  zealous  in  advancing  their  before  somewhat  slumbering  study; 
and  that  the  Smiths.  lust,  has  displayed  unexpected  liberality  in  preparing 
and  issuing  from  the  press  works  of  a  comprehensive  characier,  for  the  "  in- 
crease and  diffusion  of"  what  will  herealter  be  regarded  as  an  important 
branch  of  "knowledge  among  men." 

94.  Korth  Pacific  Exploring  Expedition. — In  the  year  1853,  Dr.  W. 
Stimpson,  well  known  in  very  early  life  for  his  drodging-researches  and  ob- 
servations on  the  marine  apimals  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  accompanied  Captain 
liingold  as  naturalist  to  the  U.  S.  '*  Xorth  Pacific  Exi)loring  Expedition."'  Its 
principal  object  was  to  obtain  more  correct  information  with  regaid  to  the 
J.ipan  seas  and  the  extreme  north  of  the  Pacific,  and  it  was  only  incidentally 
that  it  %dsitcd  the  Californian  province.  However,  Dr.  Stimpson's  extensive 
djedgings  in  the  fiords  of  Japan  developed  the  interesting  fact,  that  w hile  tke 
Boutheni  shores  presented  a  fauna  essentially  Indo-Pacific  in  its  character, 
and  abounding  in  the  \isual  Cones,  Cowries,  Olives,  «fec.,  the  northern  slopes 
of  the  same  islands  presented  an  assemblage  of  forms  far  more  analogous  to 
the  fauna  of  the  Sitka  and  Vancouver  region,  and  containing  many  species 
common  to  the  American  coast.  Dui'ing  the  course  of  the  voyage  dredgiiig- 
collectionst  were  made  by  Dr.  Stimpson  at  Madeira,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Sydney 
Harbour,  Coral  Seas,  Port  Jackson,  Hong  Kong  (also  by  Mr.  Wright;  New  Ire- 
land, Lieut.  Van  Wycke;  Gasper  Straits,  Squires  ;  vicinity  of  Canton,  presented 
by  Mr.  Bowring  ;  interior  of  Hong  Kong,  Wright) ;  China  Sea  ;  Whamjwa  ; 
Bonin  Island;  Loo  Choo  Island;  Ousima;  Katonasima  Straits;  Kikaia; 
Kikaisima  ;  Kagosima  [alas  I]  ;  Hakodadi  ;  Taniogesima  (also  Wright,  Kent, 
Kern,  Boggs,  Carter);  Simoda;  Niphon  (also  Brook);  Arvatska  Bay,  Kamt- 
schatka;  Aminchechc  Island,  Avikamcheche  Island,  Behring  Straits;  Senia- 
^•ine  Straits,  Arctic  Ocean  (also  Captain  Ilogers);  San  Francisco;  (Puget  Sound 
and  Shoalwater  Bay,  Dr.  Coojwr,  Cat.  no.  1849-1856);  Tahiti  (also  Captain 
Stephens,  Kern),  Hawaii  (also  Garrett;  Sea  of  Ouhotsk,  Captain  Stevens).  ll 
these  were  duly  catalogued,  with  stations,  dci)ths,  and  other  particulars,  and 
living  animals  preserAcd  in  spirits  after  being  drawn.  The  expedition  api)ear3 
to  have  rctui-ned  in  1856.  Although  Dr.  Stimpson  devoted  his  chief  attention 
to  articulate  anipaals,  and  molluscs  occupied  but  a  subordinate  share  of  his 
attention,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  in  this  short  period  he  collected  more  trust- 
worthy species  of  shells,  with  localities,  than  were  received  at  the  Smiths. 
Inst,  from  the  united  labours  of  the  naturalists  of  Captain  Wilkes's  celebrated 
expechtion.  Through  some  unaccountable  cause,  certain  of  the  most  valuable 
boxes  were  "  lost  "  between  Xew  York  and  Washington  ;  the  remainder  were 
placed  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Gould  for  description,  with  the  MS.  catalogue,  a 
copy  of  which  forms  the  "  MoUusca,  Vol.  I.,"  nos.  1-2003,  of  the  Smiths. 
Mus.  Fortunately,  Dr.  Gould  embraced  the  opportunity  to  bring  the  un- 
certain shells  to  London,  and  compare  them  with  the  Cumingian  Collection. 

t  A  fuller  account  of  this  expedition  is  here  given  than  is  justified  from  its  contributions 
to  the  W.  American  fauna,  because  no  other  int'oruiation  respecting  it  is  as  yet  available 
to  the  malacological  student. 

68 


ON  MOLLtJSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  583 

iTins  a  large  body  of  species,  named  from  t>/pes,  was  prepared  for  the  New 
World  ;  but,  unfortunately,  through  imperfect  packing  and  the  practice  of 
marking  by  numbers  only,  much  of  the  value  of  this  identification  was  lost. 
The  new  species  were  described  by  Dr.  Gould  in  the  '  Boston  rroe.  Soc.  Jsat. 
Hist.,'  1859-18(51 ;  and  on  completion  of  the  series,  the  author  collected 
the  papers  embodying  the  new  species  of  the  two  great  scientific  expeditions, 
as  well  as  his  other  scattered  publications,  and  issued  them  in  a  most  valuable 
book,  entitled  'Otia  Conchologica:  Descriptions  of  Shells  and  Molluscs,  from 
1839-18G2,'  Boston,  1SC2  ;  with  ''llectitications,"  embodying  such  changes  of 
nomenclature  and  synonyms  as  he  desired  to  represent  his  matured  views. 
In  quoting  Dr.  Gould's  writings,  therefore,  this  table  should  always  be  con- 
sulted. A  considerable  portion  of  the  siwcimens  have  been  returned  to  the 
Smiths.  Inst.,  of  which  the  larger  species  are  mounted  in  the  collection,  and 
the  smaller  ones  have  been  sent  to  the  writer  to  compare  with  those  collected 
by  Mr.  A.  Adams, which  were  unfortunately  being  described  in  the  Londoa 
journals  almost  simultaneously.  The  war  has  unhappily  postponed  the  in- 
tention of  publishing  the  complete  lists  of  species  collected  and  identified  with 
80  mach  accurate  care.  The  following,  however,  have  already  been  deter- 
mined by  Dr.  Gould  from  the  region  in  which  American  species  occur.  The 
list  is  given  entire  (so  far  as  identified),  because  species  as  j-et  known  only 
on  one  coast  of  the  North  Pacific  may  hereafter  be  found  on  the  other.  It 
contains  (as  in  the  comparison  of  the  Caribbean  and  West  Mexican  fauna) 
(«)  species  certainly  identical,  {/>)  probably  identical,  (c)  '-interesting  ana- 
gues,"  and  (d)  representative  forms. 

B.I.Cat.  no. 

1203.  Crepidtda  hystryx,  \nr,   Kagosima  Bav,  Japan.   Dead  on  shore.    [^  =  acideata, 

Maz.  Cat.  no.  3:U.] 
1319.  Poronia  rubra,  Mont.     Kagc-.ima  Bay,  Japan.     [  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  no.  154.] 

Among  sea-weeds  and  baraacles  in  2nd  and  ;5i'd  leve's;  rocky  sliore. 
1339.  Natica  marochiensis  [y  maroccauu ;  v.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  570].     Kagosima  Bay, 

Japan.     Dead  on  shore. 
1344.  Acnttea  ? Sieboldi ;  vi^ry  avnr  patina.     Kagosima  Bay,  .Tapan.     Rocks  at  l.w. 
1351.  Toririia  varieijata,  Lam.    Kagosima  Bay,  Japan.     [  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  no.  484.] 

Dead  on  shore. 
1414.  NasKa  ffctnnwlata,  Lam.  [non  C.  B.  Ad.l     Kagosima  Bay,  Japan.     5  fm.  sd. 
1470.  Acar  \_Barbatia'\  f/radata,  Brod.  and  Sby.     Taaiogesiuia,  Kagosima  Bay, 

Japan.     [  Vitie  Maz.  Cat.  no.  194.]     Dead  in  ten  fm. ;  sand  and  shells. 
407,470.  Acar  [liarbatiu'\  gradata,  Brod.  and  Sby.     l*ort  Jackson. 
1502.  Lima  squamosa,  Lam.     Tanicgesima,  Japan.    [  =  Z.  tetrica,  Gld.,  teste  Cuni.'^ 

The  remaining  species  from  tliese  localities  are  either  local  or  belong  to  the 
Philippine  and  Polpiesian  fauna.  At  Simi  da  j?nd  Hakodadi  we  enter  on  a 
mixed  fauna. 

1574.  IlaUotis  discus^  Rve.  Simoda  and  Hakodadi.  Rocks  at  low  water,  four 
fra.  "  Kamtschafhina  seems  to  be  the  small  growth  of  the  same."  [It  is 
locally  abundant,  liowever,  on  the  West  Coast;  while  discus  has  never 
been  found  theve,  and  is  much  Hatter.] 

1577.  Lutraria  [Schizot/Kfinis  Nutta'li'  '^'onr.]     Hakodadi  Bay.     Eight  fm.  sand. 

1579.  Cythereapetechialis,  i jam.    Ilakoaadi  Bay.     8and,  4th  level. 

1582.  Tritonium  l^Chrifsodomuii]  antiquum,\jn.  Hakodadi  Bay  (also  Okhotsk  and 
Arctic  Oc,  1779).    Low-water  mark  and  laminarian  zone,  on  weedy  rocks. 

1585.  Tritonium  \_Prien(''\  Orryoneme,  Red^".  Hakodadi  Bay.  Dead  on  shore, 
and  in  twenty  fm.     Also  no.  1955. 

158R.   Ti'Uina  liodfijensis,  lids.     Hakodadi  Bay.     Dead  on  shore. 

15S!).  Mt/a  aretuiria,  Ln.     Hakodadi  Bay. 

1692.  Mercenaria  orienfa/is,  Gld.  [A  West  Atlantic  type,  probably  =iZ.  /S.'tmj)- 
toni,  Otia;  p.  109.]     Hakodadi  Bay.    Six  fm.  saud. 

69 


584  REPORT— 18G3. 

8.1. Cat.  no. 

1590.    Vema  riaidn,  Old.  [MS.  non  Old.,  Otia,  p.  85,=  Tapes,  rar.  Petitii.    The 

Japanese  .shell  is  Adavisii,  Rve.,  from  type].    Hakodadi  Bay.     Fom-  to 

ten  fni.  sand. 

The  above  occur  in  connexion  with  local  and  with  diffused  tropical  species. 

1601.  Euthn'a  ferrea,  Hve.  Simoda.  Among' stones  and  pebbles,  3rd  level.  [Al- 
most identical  with  the  Cape  Horn  species,  JE.  phtmhva,  I'hil.] 

1030.  Tritonium  [Chrysodomits']  cassidarueformi.i,  Rve.  East  Coast  of  Japan,  lat. 
37°,  and  Hakodadi.     Twenty  fm.,  black  coarse  sand. 

1632.  Ckit'm  "largest"  [? Cryptochiton  Stelkri].  Hakodadi.  On  large  stones 
and  under  shelving  rocks,  low-water  mark. 

1634.  Pecten,  like  {  =  ']  Islandictis.    Hakodadi.     Ten  fm.  shell-sand. 

1035.  Sanguindaria  Nuttallii,CouT.,  =  decora,  llAs.  Hakodadi.  "  Possibly  = -So/c- 
tellina  obscurata,  Desh."     Sand,  low-water  mark. 

1637.  Macoma  lata,  "  Gmel.  in  Mu?.  C\\\\\.,=  calcarea,  Chem. ,=prori>na.  Brown, = 
sordida,  Co\ith.,=  Suensoni,  Mtirch."    Hakodadi.     4th  level,  sandy  mud. 

1639.  Litorina  Grwrdandica,  Chem.     Hakodadi.     liocks,  1st  level. 

1648.  Cardium  pseudofossde,  J{ve.,  =  blandum,  Gld.,  perhaps  =  C'a/t/b>7Ji«JSJj<,  Desh. 
Hakodadi.     Twenty  fm.  sand. 

16.">1.  Tfrebratulal^Waldheimia]  Grayi,  Desh.   Hakodadi.    Shelly  gravel,  8-15  fm. 

1005.  Leda  arctica,  Brod.  [=:1'.  laiiceolata,  J.  Shy.^.  Hakodadi.  Sandy  mud,  4-12 
fm.     Seniavine  Str.,  10-30  fm. 

1674.  DriUia  inermis,  Hds.     Hakodadi.     Shelly  sand,  4-10  fm. 

1700.  PectenYensoensui,  Jay.  [Probably  a  var.  of  .4wi««JM»t  cawnwMwi.]  Hakodadi. 
Weedy  mud,  4  fm. 

1702.  Cardium  (^Serripe^)    Grwnlandicum.     Awatska  Bay,  Kamtschatka.     Mud, 

12  fm.     Also  Avikamcheehe  I.*.,  Behring  Str.,  and  Arctic  Ocean. 

1703.  Yoldia  thracHefortnis,  Storer.     Hakodadi.     Mud,  12  fm. 

1704.  Mytihis  edulis.     Hakodadi.     Also   Avikamcheehe   Is.,   Behring  Str.,  and 

Arctic  Ocean.     Low-water  mark,  and  in  3rd  and  4th  levol. 

1705.  Cardium  Calif ornietise,  Desh.     Hakodadi.     Mud,  12  fm.     [=  no.  1048.] 
1700.  Mya  truncata.    Hakodadi ;  also  Avikamcheehe  Is.     Mud,  0-15  fm.     Also 

Arctic  Ocean,  in  mud,  .30  fm. 
1708.  Buccinum  ylaciule.     Hakodadi,  and  Straits  of  Seniavine,  at  Amincheche 
Is.,  Behring  Str. 

1710.  Tritonium  \^Chrysodomus]  antiqmim-\-deformis,  Kve.,  and  vars.     Hakodadi 

and  Avikamcheehe  Is.     Gravel,  4  fm. 

1711.  Buccinum  tortuosum,  Jive.,  = ''calarif(/r7ne-\-\&TS.    Straits  of  Seniavine. 

1714.  3Iya  ?arenaria.    Hakodadi  and  Avikamcheehe  Is. 

1715.  Bullia  [Voluiharpa^,;»pullacea,  Midd.     Hakodadi.     Gravel,  5-6  fm. 
1710.  Lanistes  Icfviyata,  (iiay  (  =  discnrs,  Ln.,  teste  Dkr.  in  Mus.  Cum.).     Mud, 

20  fm.    Hakodadi  and  Arctic  Ocean  ;  common,  in  nests,  30  fm. ;  no.  17.">'.). 

1717.  Trichotropis  multicaudaf a  [y=Tr.  coronata,  Otia,  p-  121:  related  to  insiynit^ 

Midd.,  teste  A.  Ad.].     Ilakodadi.     Gnivelly  nuid,  15  fni. 

1718.  [ip/jrfa]  C(eca,  var.  concfufrica,  Midd.     Hakodadi  and  Arctic  Ocean. 

1719.  Trichotropiii  bicarinata,  Sby.   Hakodadi.    Not  uucouimou  iu  laminarian  zone. 

Arctic  Ocean ;  common. 

1720.  Macoma  proxima,  Brown.      Hakodadi;    mud,  5-25   fm.     Awatska  Bay. 

Arctic  Gcean;  common,  no.  1727. 

1721.  Macoma  cdcntuln,  Brixi.  and  Sbv.     Hakodadi.     Avikamcheehe  Is. 

1722.  Crvpidula  yraiuii,i,  Mii'd.     Hakodadi.     Ojthotsk,  15  fm.  ;  no.  2002. 

1723.  VenunJluctuoKa,(i\d.,\f^A\.  ?  =  attartoidcx,  Btii:k,  ISiU.  Hakodadi  and  Arctic 

Ocean  ;  not  uncommon.     Mud,  5-10  fm. 

1725.  Carditn  ( Actinobolus)  borcalin,  Conr.     Avikamcheehe  Is.,  Behring  Straits; 

nnid,  5-30  fm.     Awatska  Bay  ;  10  fm.  mud.     Arctic  Ocean  ;  common. 

1726.  Saricnva  pholadin,  lj.,  =  ruff(>.ia  +  distorta.  Avikamcheehe  Is.,  Arctic  Ocean. 

Awatska  Bay;  on  shells,  &c.     Lam.  zone  ;  no.  1729. 
1728.  Margarita  ob*curn,  Couth.     Awatska  Bav,  Kamtschatiia.     Mud,  10  fm. 
1732.  Beln  furrinda.,  Mont.    Awatska  Bay  ;  mud,  6-15  fin.    Also  beuia\  iiio  Str^  j 

BO.  17b2. 

70 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  585 

S.T.Cat.  no. 

17;W.  Yoidia  Ihnatiila,  S&j.   Awat'ka  Ray  and  Arctic  Oc.    Mud,  common,  5-20  fm. 

1734.  Natica  clausa,  13rod.     Awatska  Bay.     Mud,  5-15  fm. 

17;5").    Yoldia  mi/alis  (or  hi/perborea).     Awatska  Bay.     Mud,  10  fm. 

173(5.  Leda  ndnuta.  Heniavine  Str. ;  Arctic  Oc,  near  Behr.  iStr.     Mud  and  pebbly 

sand,  15--j0  fm.,  coarse  striae. 
1737.  Leda  minuta,  var.     Ditto.     Mud  and  pebbly  sand,  5-20  fin.,  fine  atriae. 

1740.  Modidaria  corruyata.     Ditto.     Mud,  m  nests,  30  fm. 

1741.  Rhynchouella  psittacea.     Ditto.     Gravel  and  sponges,  20-.?0  fm. 

1742.  Manjarita  striata,  Leach.     Ditto.     Shelly  f^ravel,  coranioii,  15-30  fm. 

1744.  Admete  arctica,  Midd.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1745.  Admete  liridida,  Couth.     Ditto.     Gravel,  4  fm. ;  mud,  10-30  fm. 

1747.  J'elidina  haliotuidea.     Ditto.     Gravel,  10-25  fni. 

1748.  Margarita  aryentata  [Gld.  In  v.  Mass.].    Ditto.     Mu^,  30  fn-. ;  Aolly,  15- 

25  fm. 

1749.  Turritella  (sp.),  Mijjh.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. ;  clean  gravel,  4-20  fin. 

1750.  Trichutropis  bicaritiata.     Ditto.     Pebbly  mud,  5-G  fm. 

1751.  Lunatia pallida,  Brod.     Ditto.     Mud,  10-30  fm. 

1752.  Cylichna  triticea,  Couth.     Ditto.     Mud,  15-30  fm. 

1753.  Vehdina  \_Moriilia]  zonata  [Gld.  Inv.  Mass.].     Ditto.    On  stones,  T>  fm. 

1754.  Nucida  tenuis,  Mont.     Ditto.     Mud,  common,  20-30  fm. ;  pebbly  mud,  5-20 

fm.    Also  Hakodadi ;  sandv  mud.  10  fm. ;  no.  1687. 
1750.   Trophan  clathratus,  lAun.     '      o.     Mud,  20-30  fm.;  gravel,  4  fm. 

1757.  LuHidia  septentrionalis,  Be*  Ditto.      Gravellji  mud,  common,  20  fm. ; 

gravel,  4  fin. 

1758.  Aminda  lestita,  Sby.     Ditto.     Gravel,  common,  10-40  fm. 

1759.  Scalaria  Grcpidandica,  Chemn.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1700.  Lunatia  pallidoides.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1701.  Chrysodomus  Islandicwi,  Chemn.     Ditto.     3Iud,  .30  fm. 

1702.  Patella  [Lepefa]  Candida,  Couth.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. 
17''<3.   Chiton  albus,  Lmu.     Ditto.     On  shells  in  mud,  30  fm. 
1705.   ChryMidoinui  Sv/iantariois,  Midd.    Ditto.     Mud,  20-30  fm. 

1770.  Asfurte  luctea,  Br.  and  t^by.     Arctic  Oc.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1771.  Pecten  IslandicKs,  Cht'inu.,  VAT.     Arctic  Oc.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1773.  Huccinum  ?undatiim  ( probably  bicarinate  var.  of  ylaciaie).     i\jctic  Ocean, 

1774.  liuccinum  Ytindatum,  var.  pelayica.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1775.  Buccintim  ?Oehoteiise,  Midd.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1770.  Buccinum  anyidoiuni.  Gray  (=:ylaciale,  var.).     Arctic  Ocean. 

1777.  Piwcimon  '■!  tenue.  Gray.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1778.  Mnnyelia,  like  --implex,  Midd.     ^Vi-ctic  Ocean. 

1781.  liela  riifa,  Mont.     Seniavine  Str.     Pebbly  mud,  common,  5  fm. 

1783.  Turritella  erom.     Seniavine  Str.     Mud,  iO-20  fm. 

1784.  Lj/onsia  Xorveyica,  (Miem.     Seniavine  Str.     Pebbly  mud,  5  fm. 

1785.  Trichotropis  imiynis,  Midd.     Seniavine  Str.     Gravel,  10  fm. 

Vi^'d.  Beladecussata,CAmi\i..    Seniavine  Str.   Sandy  mud,  10-20  fm.    Also  Awatska 
Bay  ;  no.  1730. 

1790.  Yoldia  mtialit,  Couth.    Seniavine  Str.     Mud,  10-20  fm. ;  pebbly  mud,  5  fm. 

1791.  Belli  harpularia,  Ct)uth.     !'•  bbly  mud,  5  fm. 

1793.  Muryarita  helirina,  Fabr.     Behring  Str.     Clean  gravel  and  algte,  5  fin. 
17iHj.   Turtonia  [?  minut(t,  Fabr.].    Behring  Str.     Common  on  sponges,  20-40  fm. 
17!'8.  Ijiinatia  [Acrybia]  apcrta,  Lov.     Kanitschatka. 
17'.)9.  Modiolarin  niyra,  Gray.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1821.  Chama  l^bata  [  =  exoi/i/ra,  Jay,  non  Cour.].     China  Sea,  west  of  Formosa, 
Shell- gravel,  30  fin. 

1836.  Purpura  eviaryinata,  Desh.     San  Francisco.     On  rocks  in  4th  level. 

1837.  Litorinu  plena,  Gld.     San  Francisco.     On  rocks  in  3r<l  and  4th  levels. 
18.'$8.  Acnuea  textilis,  Gld.     San  Francisco.     On  piles  and  rocks  between  tides. 

1 8.386.  Aemmi  patina,  Esch.     San  Francisco.     On  piles  and  rocks  between  tides. 

1839.  Cryptomya  Californica,  Conr.    San  Francisco.     On  sandv  beaches. 

1840.  Mucimia  nusida,  Conr.    »:>»ui  Francisco.     Conmion  in  saniJy  mud,  1.  w.  10  fm. 
Is41.  Caraium Xuttalliiy  Cour.  Haa  Francis  ,o.   Common  in  sandy  mud,  L  w.  10  fm. 

71 


586  REPORT— 1863. 

S.I.Cat.  no. 

1S43.  Ml/film  edulis,  var.     San  Francisro.     On  rocks  and  gravel,  4th  level. 

1844.  Mytilus  Calif ormantis,  Conr.     Near  entrance  to  San  Francisco.     Ou  rocks 

and  prravel,  4th  level. 

1845.  Tapes  diversa,  Sby.      San  Francisco  Bay.      Very  common,  low-water  mark 

[=  V,  stamiiwa,  Conr.,  var.,  =  V.  mundulus,  Rve. ;  v.  antea,  p.  570]. 

1846.  Chiton  [3Io])cdia~\  mmco'^us,  Gld.      Entrance  of  San  Francisco  Eay.      Not 

uncommon  on  rocks  at  low-water  mark. 

1847.  Cri/pfodon  [Schizotfieenui~\  NuttalUi,  Conr.,  jun.     San  Franci.«co.     One  .<p. 

1848.  Macheera  lucida,  CoiiT.    Sau  Francisco.     Common.     [  =  iV/. /;«<«/«,  I'ortl.] 

The  shells  brought  back  by  the  Expedition  from  Puget  Sound  and  Shoal- 
water  Bay  were  collected  by  Dr.  Cooper,  whom  Dr.  Stimpsoii  met  at  Saa 
Francisco,  and  are  not  here  catalogued,  as  they  appear  again  in  his  own 
collections,  v.  infra,  par.  101. 

1860.  Lithophagiis  cinnamomeus.     China  coast,  lat.  2.3^°.     Dead,  25  fm.,  sand. 
l!t24.  Ilelis  tudiculata,  Fin.  Petal'mia,  Cal.;  under  stems  in  open  grove  of  scrub  oak. 
1D.56.  Mi/tilus  spkmdens,  (ild.     Ilai  odadi  Bay.     Ro(  '.s  below  tide-marks,  com. 

1957.  Anomia  olivacea,  Old.     Ilakod    '.i  Bay.     On  sliells  or  gravelly  sand,  lO  fm. 

1958.  Cerastoma  foUatmn,  var.  Bunuiai,  Ad.  and  live.     Hakodadi  Bay  and  N.  E, 

part  of  Niphon.     Low-water  mark,  on  rocks  and  boulders. 

1959.  Haliotig  Kaintschafkniiu,  .Tona*.     X.  E.  shore  of  Niphon.     See  no.  1574. 
1!M30.  Purpttra  Freyciiu'ttii,  Desh.     X.  E.  shore  of  Niphon.     Common  on  rocks. 
1961.  Purpura  Fret/cinettiipvar.  with  muriciform  lanu'llns.     N.  E.  shore  of  Xiphon. 
1967.  Phiciinanomia  macroschimna,  Desh.     West  Coast  of  Josso.     Gravel,  30  fm. 
li)68.   Tcrehratida  pidvinata,  Gld.     Arctic  Ocean.     Gravel,  .30  fm. 

2'000.  PunctureUa  noachinu,  Linn.     Sea  of  Okhotsk.     Gravel,  20  fm. 
2l>")l.  Antarte  lactea,Broii.  mA^hy.     Sea  of  Okhotsk.     Gravel,  20  fm. 
2003.   Tercbrafida  f/lobosa,  ham.    Sea  of  Okhotsk.     Gravel,  36  fm.    [Perhaps  Ca/e- 
fornica,  Koch.] 

The  following,  from  among  the  new  species  described  by  Dr.  Gould  in  his 
'  Otia  Couch.,'  belong  to  the  same  province,  and  to  forms  which  may  be  ex- 
pected to  appear  on  the  northern  shores  of  West  America.  Tliey  were  first 
published  in  the  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  under  the  dates  quoted : — 

Otia.p.  Boat.  Proc.S.N.H. 

109.     1859.  June.  Xatica  severa,  Gld.,  like  heros,  but  with  mnbilicus  resembling 
umfnsciata.    Hakodadi,  W.  S. 
Xatica  riis:<a,  Gld.,  like  claiisa.     Arctic  Ocean,  W.  S. 
Patella  pallida,  Gld.     Hakodadi.     On  stones  and  gravel,  10  fm. 
Patella  grata,  Gld.     N.  E.  shore  of  Niphon. 
Acnifca  dormosa,  Gld.,  like  pafiiia,  var.  monticida  [vionficolal, 
Nutt.    Hakodadi,  on  rocks  of  2nd  and  3rd  lamin.  zone.  \\'.  S. 
Chiton  ( Lcptoehiton)  cn7icinnus,  Gld.,  like  albus,  but  with  lines  of 

punctures.     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 
Chiton  (Acaufhochates)  achates,  Gld.     Kikaia,  Hakodadi,  AV.  S. 
Chiton  (Mnlpalia)  Stimpnoni,  (Md.,  like  Blainiillvi,  without  an- 
terior radiating  lines.     ["  On  stones,  clean  bottom.  25  fm., 
and  under  stones  and  rocks,  low- water  mark." — Smiths.  Cat. 
no.  1646.     Not  to  be  confounded  with  M.  Simpsoni,  Gray.] 
Hakodadi,  W.  S. 
120.     1800.  Sept.    Terebratula  [?  JValdheiinia']  tratmwrsa,  Gld.,  like  Griyi,  with 
shorter  internal  supports  :  [==Grayi,  teste  A.  Ad.]  Hakodadi, 
W.  S. 
120t        „  II      Terebrntella  miniata,  Gld.,  like  Zelandica.     Apophyses  united 

to  central  crest.      [=  Waldheiinia  Koreanica,  Ad.  and  live., 
teste  Kve.  from  type.     "  On  pebbles,  clean  bottom,  30  fm." 
Smiths.  Cat.  1597.]     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 
12JJ,        J,  I,      iWywcAo/M'Wa /w«V/rt,  Gld. ;  in  aspect  like  7'.  riVrprt.  jur. 

YSi»        n  n       Tricliotropi'i  (I))hinoe)  eoronata,  Gld. ;    like  T.  ciliata,  Kri!g«r. 

Straits  of  Semiaviue,  Arctic  Ocean,  20  fm.  mud.     W.  S. 

72 


109, 
115. 
115. 
115. 

„       Dec, 
n           » 
»           ft 

117. 

»           » 

118. 
118. 

1859.  Dec. 

123. 
125. 

lU. 

t» 

Oot. 

l.-i3. 

1861. 

Mar. 

154. 

» 

» 

154 

J} 

yf 

159. 

}} 

jj 

162. 

» 

» 

162. 

» 

» 

162. 

;) 

» 

163. 

n 

» 

163. 

» 

» 

164. 

)f 

)> 

165. 
165. 
165. 

ft 
)) 

165. 
167, 

» 

ON  MOLIXSCA  OP  THE  TVKST  COAST  OP  XORTH  AMERICA.  587 

Otia.p.  Bost.  Proc.  S.X.H. 

122.  1800.  8ept.  lincciiium  Stimmoni,  Old. ;  like  undatHtn,  but  quite  distinct. 
Avikaiucheclie  Is.,  Behrinjjr  Str.,  W.  S.  Arctic  Ocean,  Rod- 
ffcrs.    [  Not  i?.  Stimjuonuimnn,  C.  B.  Ad.] 

Ncptunea  (Sipho)  tcrehralis,  Gld. ;  like  Icclandica.     Arctic  Oc 

Trophon  ineomptm,  Ctld. ;  like  crassuj<.     Hakodadi,  AV.  S. 

Bcla  ttn-f/ida,  (ild.     Kamtschatka,  W.  S. 

Murf/arifit  I'unt/tina,  (ild. ;  like  Schantan'ca.     Arctic  Ocean. 

Mart/arita  ulbula,  Old. ;  like  an  overgi'own  arttiva.  ^Vrctic 
Ocean.,  AV.  S. 

3Iiin/nritti  nm«telina,  Gld.     Hakodadi ;  low  water,  AV.  S. 

(iibbula  rcclimita,  Old.;  like  nivom,  A.  Ad.     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

Ljiomia  veiitricom,  Gld. ;  shorter  than  Xorayira.  I  lakodadi, 
2-0  fui.,  sandy  mud,  W.  8.   \J' 2  =  xaviciila,  jiin."  A.  Ad.] 

Liioiiiiiti  ( Pandorimi)  Jlabellata,  Gld. ;  like  arenosa.  Arctic 
Ocean,  W.  S. 

Theora  lubricu,  Gld.    Hakodadi ;  common  in  mud,  G  fm.,  AV.  S. 

Ptinopcea  fniffilii,  Cild.     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

Panopcea  ?(/enerosa,  var.  sayrinata.  Awatska  Bav,  Kamts- 
chatka, W.  S.  ["  Epidermis  projects  ^  in.,  aa  in  (Hycimeriu 
Mud,  12  fm."    Smiths.  Cat.  1701.] 

Corbula  vemista,  Gld.     Hakodadi,  5-8  fm.,  shellv  sand,  W.  S. 

Solen  strictus,  Gld. ;  like  cwtunts.     Hakodadi,  W.  8. 

Solen  gracilis,  (ild.  [non  Phil.]    Hakodadi,  sandy  beaches,  "W.  S. 

Macha-ra  sodalis,  Old. ;  like  contata.     Hakodadi,  W.  8. 

ISolemyaptmUa,  Old.;  like  velum.     Hakodadi,  5  fm.,  nmd,  W.S. 

Tellina  lubrica,  Old. ;  like/e/ix  aMil  fubayella .  Hakodadi,  6  fm., 
s.andy  mud,  W.  S. 

168.  „        „       Saxidomus  anitiis,  Gld. ;  like  V.  maxima,  Phil.    San  T'rancisco. 

[  Described  as  4-5  in.  lonfr,  yet]  smaller  than  Xuttollii.  ["  Opea 
bays  at  Sir  F.  Dra]^e"s  ;  f.  w.,  sand."     Smiths.  Oat.  1842.] 

169.  ff         „        Venus  {Mercenari(i)   ISfiJiipsoni,  Gld. ;    like  the  Atlantic  forms. 

Hakodadi.  0  fm.,  W.  S. 

170.  „        „       Mi/m'u  (lyii/iia)  u.if a,  Gld. ;  Yike  a.n  A-sf arte.     Hakodadi,  8  fm., 

sandy  mud,  W.  S. 
173.        „      Apr.    Montarata  diran'rata.  Old.  Hakodadi,  on  .S)w/r.,-.»7v<t-spines.'\V.  S. 
175,        ff         y       Ntieula  {Aci/a)  imit/nis,  Old.;  like  mirabiUs:  [idcnticHl,  tfste 

A.  Ad.]     E.  .Japan,  lat.  87°,  and  Hakodadi,  W.  S.    ["  20  fm. 

black  coarse  sand." — Smiths.  Cat.  1028.] 
177.        ,)        „       3Iytilux  corttxciix.  Old.*     Hakodadi ;  common  on  rocks  between 

tide-marks,  W.  S.     [?=M.  .•^plendeiis.,  no.  li'oO.] 
177.        „         „       Pecten  Itetiis,  Old.;  resembles  generally  P.  .vtudoriiis,  is  still  more 

like  P.  [Anumum'l  c<mri»»s.     Hakodadi,  sludlv  uiud,  10  tin., 

W.  S.      [Non  P.  hftus.  Old.,  in  U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.  Shells, 

Otia,  p.  Oo,  =  P.  Dit'ffenbachii,  Gray,  teste  Cmnin<r.] 
95.  The  United  States  Expedition  to  Japan,  under  Commodore  M.  C.  Perry, 
1852-4,  was  not  undertaken  for  scientific  purposes  ;  and  no  special  provir.ioa 
wa-s  made  either  for  collecting  or  describing  objects  of  natural  histoiy.  A 
large  number  of  shells,  however,  were  obtained,  and  identified  by  Dr.  Jay  of 
New  York.  In  Vol,  II.  of  the  '  Narrative  of  the  Expedition,  itc'  ( Washing- 
ton, 1856,  pp.  289-297)  is  given  a  list  of  Japanese  shells,  with  descriptions  and 
figures  of  the  (siipposed)  new  species.  The  following  are  related  to  the  mol- 
luscs of  the  West  Coast  t.  Specimens  of  the  most  important  may  be  seen 
in  the  Cumingian  Collection. 

*  The  M.  mufabilis,  dopcribod  on  the  same  page  from  Kagosima,  ia  a  Sepiifer;  it  is  pre- 
Bumcd  that  the  learned  author  did  not  open  a  specimen. 

t  The  student  should  al?o  coiipidt,  for  related  forms,  tho  '  Mollusea  Japonica  '  by  Dr. 
\V.  Dunker,  Stuttgart,  1861  ; — like  all  the  other  works  of  the  same  author,  most  ruhinbU 
for  the  pati.'ut  care,  accurate  judgment,  and  enlui'gcd  experience  displayed ;  but  relating 
chiefly  to  the  subliopical  iJortieu  of  the  fauna. 

73 


Page. 

21>2. 

PI. 
1. 

Fir. 

7,10. 

292. 

1. 

8,9. 

293. 

295. 
295. 

It 

5. 
6. 

1,2. 

3,4. 
10,17. 
13,15. 

296. 
296. 
296. 

296. 
296. 
29ft 

583  REPORT— 1863. 

Mya  Japonica,  n.  s.     Volcano  Bay,  Is.  Yedo.      Closelv  related 

to  3/.  arenaria  :  [identical,  teste  A.  Ad.]. 
Psmntuohia  olirarm,  n.  8.     Bay  of  Yedo.      [Nearly  allied  to 

Hiatida  Nuttalli.'] 
Pectin    Yessoensis,   n.   8.      Hakodadi.      [Resembles  Amvuium 

caunnum,  Gld.] 
Purjmra  scptcntrionalis,  Rve.   [=-?*■  cri^pata,  var.]     ?  Japan. 
?Iiul/ia  Ptrri/i,  n.  s.     Bay  of  \edo,  one  sp.  dredjred.     [=  Volut- 

harpa  ampulUicva,  Midd.l 
Venentpis  Nuttalli,  Conr.   {^Saxidonms].     Japan. 
Tellina  secta,  Conr.     Japan. 
Tapes  decmsata,  Ln.      [Probably   T,  Petitii,  var.  or  Adanisiu 

Japan.] 
Ostrea  borealis,  Ln.     Japan. 
lanthina  commidds,  Lam.     Japan. 
lanthiiia  pruloiiyuta,  Blainv.     Japan. 

96.  At  the  time  that  Dr.  Gould  was  describing  Dr.  Stimpson's  Japanese 
eheUs  in  the  Boston  Proc.  Ac.  X.  S.,  Mr.  A.  Adams,  ll.X.,  one  of  the  leainod 
authors  of  the  *  Genera  of  Recent  Mollusca,'  was  making  extensive  and  accu- 
rate dredgings  in  the  same  seas.  The  new  genera  and  species  have  been  and 
are  being  published,  in  a  series  of  papers,  in  the  Ann.  »!k  Mag.  Nat.  Hist,  and 
in  the  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  preparatoiy  to  an  intended  complete  work  on  the 
mollusc-fauna  of  the  Eastern  Xorth  Pacific.  The  collections  of  Mr.  Adams 
have  already  displayed  the  Japanese  existence  of  several  species,  astSiphoiuilia 
Ki'Uettii,  Solen  fiicariiis,  IlomdJopinna  sdiiijuimaitt,  &e.,  before  supposed  to  be 
peculiar  to  the  West  coast.  Unfortunately  for  our  present  purpose,  while 
the  comparison  of  specimens  was  going  on,  Mr.  Adams  was  unexpectedly 
called  to  service  on  board  H.M.S.  '  Majestic,'  and  was  obliged  to  pack  up  his 
collections.  Enough  has  been  ascertained,  however,  to  prove  that  it  will  be 
unsafe  henceforth  to  describe  species  from  either  coast  AWthout  compaiisou 
with  those  of  the  opposite  shores. 

97.  Fadjic  Hail  road  liejiorts. — As  it  is  necessary,  in  studying  any  fauna, 
to  make  comparisons  far  round  in  space,  so  it  is  essential  to  travel  far  back 
in  time.  The  fullest  aecoimt  of  the  fossils  of  the  AVest  Coast  of  America  is 
to  be  found  in  the  '  Explorations  and  Surveys  for  a  Railroad  Route  from  the 
Mississippi  River  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,'  which  form  ten  thick  quiirto  volumes, 
copiously  illustrated  with  plates,  and  published  by  the  U.S.  Senate,  Wash- 
ington, 1856  *.  The  natural-history  department  was  conducted  under  the 
superintendence  and  with  the  aid  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  ;  and  science 
is  under  special  obligations  to  Prof.  Spencer  S.  Baird,  the  Assistant  Secre- 
tary, for  his  Reports  on  the  Vertebrate  Animals.  It  would  hardly  be  ex- 
pected in  Europe  that  the  best  resume  of  the  zoologj-,  the  botany,  and  the 
geology  of  the  vast  region  between  the  Great  American  desert  and  the  Pacihc 
should  be  found  in  a  railroad  survey.  Unfortunately,  it  has  not  been  the 
custom  to  advertize  and  sell  the  valuable  documents  piinted  at  the  cxi>en.so 
of  the  U.  S.  Government,  in  the  ordinary  channels  of  trade.  Thej*  often  become 
the  perquisites  of  the  members  of  Congress,  and  through  them  of  the  various 
em/>loi/es,  by  whom  they  are  transferred  to  the  booksellers'  shelves.  The 
fifth  volume  of  the  series  is  devoted  to  the  explorations  of  Lieut.  Williamson  ; 
the  second  Part  contains  the  Report  by  W.  P.  Blake,  geologist  and  minoro- 
logist  of  the  expedition.  In  the  A])pendix,  Art.  II.,  are  found  "  Dosciip- 
tious  of  the  Fossil  Shells,"  by  T.  A.  Conrad.    They  were  first  pubhshed  in  the 

•  This  extremely  costly  and  valuable  assemblage  of  documents  was  selling  ia  Wailuiig* 
■on,  in  186U,  at  i;5  sterling  the  set. 


PUte. 

"f: 

No. 

JI. 

1. 

» 

2. 

2. 

» 

3. 

3. 

l> 

4. 

4. 

W 

6. 

6. 

»» 

10. 

7. 

u 

ti. 

8. 

>» 

7. 

9. 

*> 

7. 

10. 

tt 

8. 

11. 

» 

12. 

1± 

» 

9. 

l.J. 

» 

13. 

14. 

M 

11. 

15. 

ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  589 

'Appendix  to  the  Preliminary  Geological  Report,'  8vo,  "Washinnrton,  1855. 
They  are  divided  into,  1.  "  Eocene,"  and  II.  "  Miocene  and  Recent  Forma- 
tions." 

I.  Eocene  (all  from  Canada  de  las  Uvas  *). 

Cardinm  linfcum,  Conr.,  n.s.     Allied  to  C.  NicoUeti,  Cour. 

Jtiisiiiiii  a/ffi,  Conr.,  n.s. 

Meretnx  Urnsiiiui,  Conr.,  n.s. 

Mt-retiix  Cnlit'oniittiia,  Conr.,  n.s.    Allied  to  M.  Poulsoni,  Conr. 

Cra^xafcHa  Vitt<aim,  Conr.,  n.s. 

Cra^snlrlffi  (il'n,  Conr.,  n.s.  In  small  fragments,  but  abundant, 
a-i  lit  Claiborne.  Al. 

Mjiiihis  /iiiiticrin,  Conr.,  n.s. 

Civditn  planic'Ktn,  Lam.,  =  Venerirardia  ascta,  Rogers.  First 
disnnvereil  in  .Maryland  in  1829,  by  Conr. ;  occurs  abundantly 
in  Md.,  Va.,  AL,  and  i«  quite  as  characteristic  of  the  Ameri- 
can as  of  tlip  European  Eocene  period. 

Kt'ticd  rofifts.  Conr.,  18-"{3. 

N(('irii'tiiihJ,osii,  htia.,  l6S'S, or  N.  seniilunata,  Lea;  also  found  at 
Claibornt',  Al. 

Xiifira  nlrciifii,  ( 'onr.,  n.s. 

l^Kfritdid  l'.(i<an(i.  Conr.,  n.  s.  Allied  to  T.  ohruta,  Conr., =  7'. 
Uncatd,  L<'a.  from  Claiborne,  Al. 

Volutatithe-i  \^'rl'iili(tilit/ies]  Californiana,  Com.,  n.s.  Resembles 
r.  Say  ana,  Conr. 

?Biisi/ri»i  li'alci,  Conr.,  n.s. 

Clavdtiihi  Va!i  ornica,  Conr.,  n.s.  Allied  to  C.  prontta,  Conr.,  of 
Claiborne  Eocene. 

II.  Miocene  awl  Recent  Formations  (from  various  localities). 

in.    15.     10.     Cardium  mo  Minn,  Conr.,  n.s.     San  Diego.     [May  be  Ilemicar- 
iliiiin  hiatKjuhtum,  jun.] 
„      19.     17.     Nucitlu  (ii'cisa,  Conr.,  n.s.     Resembles  K.  dtvaricata  of  the  Ore- 
gon Miocene.  [Closely  allied  to  N.  castreum,  Sec,  but  too  im- 
perfect to  determine.]     San  Diego. 
111.    16.     18.     Corbula  Dii-i/oaiia,  Conr.,  U.S.     San  Diego. 

Merdrix  laiiotneris,  Conr.,  n.s.     Morterey  Co. 
3Ieretrix  dirisn,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 

Mvretrix   Tula  rtia,    Conr.,  n.s.,  [in  list,  "Tiihrann^^   in  text]. 
Erom  ft  bou'.uer  in  Tulare  Valley.  [Comp.  Tapes  t/racilis,  (Ud-I 
Trlfimt  l)i>f/i>(i)in,  Conr.,  n.s.,  San  Diego. 

TvUiiia  niHj/c-tfa.  Conr.,  n.s.  [Appeitrs  a  TIeterodonax,  allied  to 
bimaeulata,  Lam.]  Abundant  at  Monterey,  Carmello,  and  San 
Diego. 
Telfina  Pedroana,  Conr.,  n.s.  [?=  T.  gemma,  Gld.]  Recent 
f<irmation.  San  Pedro. 
,,  29.  25.  Arc'i  mlrrodimtn,  Conr.,  n.s.  Resembles  A.  arata,  Say,  of  the 
Maryland  Miocene.     Miocene,  ?  Tulare  Valley. 

•  The  existence  of  Eocene  strata  on  the  Pacific  slope  is  ascertained  by  a  single  boulder 
of  very  hard  sandstone,  wliich,  tliouj;h  very  small,  furnished  fifteen  species.  Of  tliese, 
three  correspond  with  forms  from  Claiborne,  Alabama ;  and  the  "  finger-post  of  the 
Eocene "  appears  in  its  usual  abundance.  Mr.  Conrad  characterizes  the  specimens  as 
"  beaut ifulU'  perfect ;"  wliieli  would  not  have  been  supposed  from  his  descripticns  and 
figures.  They  "  seem  to  indicate  a  connexion  of  tlie  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans  during 
the  Eocene  period  ;"  and  tl'.e  author  ex])ects  tiiat  "  wlien  the  rock  sliall  have  been  disco- 
vered and  invi'stifrate.l  in  situ,  fresh  forma  will  be  obtained,  with  which  we  :  i  ah'cady 
fawihur  iu  ea;!U.'ru  localities." 

76 


690  REPORT— 18G3. 

Plnte   Fie.     No 

IV.  .'U.  20.  Tapes  dirersum,  Sbv.  [=T<ippx  sfamiiun,  Conr.,  TJir.  Pififti, 
(III.  intext).  Desh.]     Kftent  formation.     San  I'edru. 

III.  25.     27.     'Saxicara  afini/iia,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Probably  the  shortened  farm  of 

Pcfrico/d  ranfitoidcs,  Conr.]     Ilecent  formation.     San  I'imIvo. 
ff      24.     28.     I'etricula  PednHiua,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Allied  to  P.  vetUricosa,  1)l's1i.J 
lifcent  formation     .Sau  Pedro. 

IV.  33.     29.     Schizothcenis  yiit1(dli,Com.,''n.a:'^Tresiiscapax,G\&.     Recent 

formation.     San  Pedro. 
III.     23.     30.     fLufran'a   Traskci,  Conr.,  n.s.       [Not  improbably  =  Saxidomiis 
Xidfallii,  {.'out.,  ^UQ.^      !-'Miocene.     Cannello. 

V.  45.     31.     Muctra  DicyiHina,  Conr.,  n.s.      Like   M.  allniria,  of  the  Oregon 

Miocene.      [Resembles  MuUntu  an(julata,ijrAy.~\     J"  Miocene. 
San  Diego. 

„     35.     ,32.     3Iodio/a  coidracf a,  Conr.,  n.s.    [Very  like  Jf.  rec^a,  ^onr.]    ?Mio- 
eene.     Monterey  Co.     Recent  formation. 

„     40.     33.     Mytilus   Pcdrvanus,  Conr.,  n.s.       [Probably  =  3/.   edulis,   jun.] 
Recent  formation.     San  Pedro. 

,,      41.     34.     Pecten  Desciii,  Conr.,  n.s.       [I{e.«embles    P.    circularis.']      Mio- 
cene.    Cjirrizo  Creek,  Colorado  Desert. 

f,      34.     3'5.     Anoiuia  .mhcjutafa,  C<>r)r.,n.>*.     \y  =  Placunanomia  m(croschisma.'\ 
Miocene.     Coloratlo  Desert.     Allied  to  A.  Ptiflim. 

ff  30-38.  30.     Odrea  venpeiiitia,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Resembles  O.  lurida,  var.]    Mio- 
cene.    Colorado  l>esert.     Like  O.  suhfulcata,  Conr. 
37.     Odrea  Ileeniiuiini,  Conr.,  n.s.     Colorado  Desert. 

„      43.     3S.     Priiittlla  spvlmi,  Conr.,  n.s.*     Recent  formation.    San  Pedro. 

„      44.     39.     Fmurclla  crenidaki,  Sby.     \_  =  Lucuj)iiia  c]     Recent  formation. 
San  Pedro. 
VI.     52.     40.     CrepuUda  princepg,  Conr.,  n.s.    [=  C.  grandis,  Midd.]     Recent 
formation.     Santa  Barbara. 

V.    39.     41.     Xarica  IJieyoann,  Ccmr.,  n.s.     ?  Miocene.     San  Diego. 

„      42.     42.     Tntrhifu  Diet/oaufi,  Voni:,  n.s.      [Like  T.  vetitncosa  ;  but  may  be 
Go  ferns  contort  Hs.]     •'Miocene.     San  Diego. 

„      40.     43.     CrKcibidK?n  .'ipinnstim,  Conr.,  n.a.f   Recent  fonnation.   San  Diego. 
VI.     49.     44.     Xa.ssa  iHterstriata,   Conr.,  n.s.   [=iV".   meudica,  Gld.J.      Recent 
fomiation.     San  Pedro. 

„      48.     45.     NaxHi  Pedroana,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Comp.  Amycla  gmisapata  and  it3 
congeners.]  J     Recent  fornia<^ion.     San  Pedro. 

„      51.     40.     Strephona  Pedroana,  Com.,  n.s.    [Comi^.  Olivelia  beetica.']    Recent 
formation.     San  Pedro. 

„      50.     47.     Litorhia  Pedroana,  Com.,  n.s.    [  =  i.  ^)fc/ja,  Gld.]    Recent  forma- 
tion.    San  Pedro. 

f,     47.     48.     Stramonita  pefrosa,  Conr.,  n.8.      [Is  perhaps  Monoceros  lugubre.'\ 
? — .    Tulare  Valley. 

*  Mr.  Conrad  regards  the  "  coriaceous  cup  as  chBracteristic  of  the  genus."  It  appears 
a  subgenus  of  Pho  I  ad  idea,  diffLTing  m  the  form  ot  the  plate.  Mr.  Tryou,  "Men.  Pho- 
lad.,"  p.  66,  restricts  it  to  the  Penitella  penita,  wliich  (according  to  liis  di&gnosis)  has 
one  central  and  two  anterior  dorsal  plates.  The  closely  related  P.  m^oidea  he  leaves  in 
the  original  genus,  as  having  "  two  dorsal  accessory  valves,"  although  he  allows  that  "  its 
position  cannot  be  accu;  itely  determined  on  account  of  the  loss  of  its  dorsal  valves." 
Conrad's  fossil  has  the  shape  of  P.  ovoidea ;  but  although  he  says  that  it  is  "  widely  dis- 
tinct" from  P.  penita,  I  am  unable  to  separate  it  from  the  ovoid  form  of  that  species, 
which  will  be  found  in  the  Smitlisonian  series. 

t  This  is  certainly  Sowerby's  species,  to  which  Conrad  gives  a  doubting  reference.  In 
Uie  text  he  gives  it  as  "  fpinosum,  Conr.,"  in  his  table  marking  it  as  "  nov.  sp." 

*  Conrad  compares  A*,  intemtriata  to  N.  trivittata,S&y,  and  N. Pedroana  toN.  lunata, 
Say.and  states  that  the  two  Atlantic  species  ai-e  "associated  with  each  other  both  in  the  sea 
and  in  the  Miocene  deposits  of  Virgima  and  Maryland."  As  the  two  correlative  speciea 
are  fo'ind  tot^ether,  hving  and  fossil,  on  the  Pacific  iide,  tliere  is  presiunptive  evidence  for 
their  Imvmg  desceudeu  from  a  cuuimon  atocii. 

76 


>> 

63. 

61. 

vu 

57. 

62. 

}f 

67. 

63. 

Jf 

62. 

64. 

w 

69. 

55. 

50. 

JJ 

72. 

57. 

viir. 

73. 

58. 

)} 

76. 

6S. 

}} 

75. 

60. 

}j 

77. 

61. 

ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  591 

P.»t««    Fig.    No. 

VI.     64.     41).     fGrnti'lupia  mactrn/m's,  Cnnr.,  n.s.     [?  =  D(>nax  ptmctatnxtn'atun.l 

i'Mioceue.    Isthmus  of  Darien.     Itesembles  G.  JJydeana,CoixT. 

P^ocene. 
u      55.     50.     Mcretru:  Darienn,  Conr.,  n.s.      [Comp.    CycUna  subquadrata.'\ 

I' .Miocene.     Isihimis  of  Darien. 
Tellina  Dnru'na,  Conr.,  n.s.     PMiocene.     Isthmus  of  Darien. 
Natica  Ori>i/nna,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Marked  51  on  plate  :  err.]     Ocora 

or  I'ose  Cri't'k. 
Natica   (/enivulafa,   Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek.      Resembles   iV. 

aireata. 
Jinlldjuffularis,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 
rUurototna  tran^moiitana,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Marked  60  on  plate  :  err. 

Closely  resembles  Chrysodumus  dims,  Kve.J     Ocoya  Creek. 
rL'urotoma  Ocoyana,  Conr.,  n.s.  [Omitted  in  the  text.]  Oco^a  Cr. 
Syrtopus  [Ficula  ]  Ocoynnm,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 
Turritella  Ocoyana,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 
i'ohts  arctatits,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 
Tilliiia  Ocoyana,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 
Pecteti  Xeradanwi,  Cour.,  n.s.     Very  like  iV.  IIumphrey4iy  5lA»y- 

land,  Miocene.     Ocoya  Creek. 
TX.    S3.     62.     Pecteii  caldliforniis,  Conr.,  n.s.     Very  like  P.  Madisonius,  Say, 

\'irgiuia,  Miocene.     Ocoya  Creek. 

The  follo\nng  species  are  not  described  in  the  text,  but  quoted  in  the  list. 
ride  p.  '&20  :— 

Cardiiim,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

Area,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

t>olen,  .sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

Dosinia,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

Venu<,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

Cythiyea  rdccisa,  Conr.     Ocoya  Creelc 

Ostrea,  sp.  ind.     San  f^emando. 

Pectcit,  sp.  ind.     San  Fernando. 

Turritdla  biseriata,  Conr.,  Pn.s.     San  Fernando. 

Trochus,  sp.  ind.     Benicia. 

Tiirn'h'/la,  sp.  ind.     Benicia. 

liuccinum  ^interxtn'atum.     San  PedrO: 

Aiiodonta  Calif ornie)ms,  Lea.     Colorado  Desert. 

Mr.  Conrad,  than  whom  there  is  no  higher  authority  for  American  Tertiary 
fossils,  considers  the  age  of  the  Eocene  boulder  ascertained ;  and  that  "  the 
deposits  of  Santa  Barbara  and  San  Pedro  represent  a  recent  formation,  in 
which  {teste  Blake)  the  remains  of  the  Mammoth  occur:  and  the  shells  indi- 
cate little,  if  any,  change  of  temperature  since  their  deposition."  But  he 
acknowledges  that  the  intermediate  beds  are  of  uncertain  age.  Those  on 
Carrizo  Creek  he  refers  to  the  Miocene,  some  characteristic  sjMJcies  being 
either  identical  with  the  Eastern  Miocene  or  of  closely  relpted  forms.  In 
addition  to  the  species  tabulated  in  this  Report,  he  quotes,  as  ha^^ng  been 
collected  in  California  by  Dr.  Heermann,  "  Mereenaria  perlaminosa,  Conr., 
scarcely  differing  from  M.  DucateUi,  Conr. ;  and  a  Cemoria,  Pandora,  and 
Cardita  of  extinct  species,  closely  analogous  to  Miocene  forms."  The  casta 
from  Ocoya  Creek  were  too  friable  to  be  preserved,  and  are  figured  and  de- 
scribed from  Mr.  Blake's  drawings  ;  these  also  are  regarded  as  Mio(:;ene.  The 
San  Diegan  specimens  are  too  imperfect  for  identification ;  they  are  referred 
to  the  Miocene  by  Conrad,  but  may  perhaps  be  found  to  belong  to  a  lat«r 

•  Several  fossils  are  figured  in  plates  vii.  and  viii.,  to  which  no  reference  is  made  in  the 
text.  It  is  unsafe  to  conjecture  the  genus  to  which  many  of  them  belong,  but  it  i»  pro- 
turned  that  they  relate  to  the  indeterminate  species  here  quoted. 

77 


u. 

?78. 

63. 
64. 

t* 

?80. 

65. 

ff 

r8l. 

66. 

}y 

P79. 

67. 
68. 
60. 
70. 
71. 

n. 

?58. 

72. 

» 

?o!). 

73. 

» 

?7I. 

74. 

• 

75. 

893  iiEPORT — 18G3. 

a^c.  The  typos  of  these  spoHes  in  the  Smithsonian  Museum  a,  ^'•n,  t.^o  im- 
perfect to  determine  specitically  with  any  confidence  ;  and  by  no  nleaIl^  ii.  « 
suitable  condition  to  allow  of  important  conclusions  being  drawn  from  them. 
98.  The  third  article  in  the  Appendix  to  the  same  volume  of  Kejiorts 
contains  a  "  Catalogue  of  the  Recent  Shells,  with  Descriptions  of  the  New 
Pjiecics,"  by  Dr.  A.  A.  Gould.  The  specimens  were  (apparently)  in  the  hands 
of  Dr.  Gould  for  examination  when  he  prepared  the  MS.  for  the  first  Report; 
and  some  of  them  were  included  in  the  "Mexican  War  Collections,"  B.  A. 
Report,  pp.  227,  228.  "  The  freshwater  shells  were  collected  in  the  Colorado 
desert  and  other  localities ;  the  land  and  marine  shells  between  San  Francisco 
and  San  Diego."  The  following  is  the  hst  of  specie?  as  determined  by  Dr. 
(.'ould,  pp.  ;330-33().  The  specimens  belong  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
where  a  large  portion  of  thcTu  were  fortunately  fh'scovered  and  verified. 
They  were  collected  by  W.  P.  Blake,  Esq.,  and  Dr.  T.  H.  Webb. 

Plate.       Fig.         No. 

1.  0.<frfa,  sp.  ind.     Parasitic  on  twigs ;  thin,  radiately  lineated  with 

brown.    [  =  0.  cmwhanfii'la,  CTpr.'\    Another  species,  elongated, 
solid,  allied  to  Viri/inica  [rar.  rufoidei].     San  Diego. 

2.  Pecten  motiotinien'g,  C'onr.     San  Diego. 

8.  Pecten  veidricosm,  Shy. ,+tumi(his,  Sby.     [Dead  valves,  of  the 
form  (eqiiisulcatiis.!     San  Diego. 

4.  Mf/iilmiedulU  [  =  M.  trosulu^,  Gldi.y  ante(l\.     San  Francisco. 

5.  Modiola  rapajr,  Conr.     San  Die<ro. 

G.    Venus  Xuttullii,  Conr.  \_=V.  guccincta,  Val.]     San  Pedro. 

7.  Venus  fliictifriif/a,  Sby.     San  Diego. 

8.  Ta/)es  ffrata,  Say,=  t.  discors,  Sby.,  "zsstraminea,  Conr."*     San 

Pedro. 

XL  19,20.  Q.  Tape i  ffracilis,  Cxld.,  U.S.  Prel.  Hep.  1855.  [Quite  distinct  from 
every  other  7'«;>«s  known  from  the  coast.  It  is  supposed  by 
Dr.  Cooper  to  be  the  young  of  Saxidomm  aratu<,  wliich  in 
shape  and  pattern  exactly  accord  with  the  figure  nnd  diagnosis. 
But  the  "  Tapis"  is  figured  without  sculpture.  The  shell  was 
not  found  at  the  Smiths.  Inst.]  San  Pedro,  Blake. 
10.  Cyclas,  sp.  ind.     Colorado  Desert. 

XT     21,22.      11.  Cardimn  cncentahnn,  Gld.,  n.s.    I'rel.  Rep.  1855.  [P.  Z.  S.  18.-)G, 

S201,=  C'.  substriatum,  Conr.]     San  Diego.      [San  Pedr-.-, 
lake,  in  text.] 

12.  Lucina  orbella,  Gld.  [  =  "  Mi/sia  (^Spkarella)  ttimida"  Conr.]    ShE 

Pedro. 

13.  Lucina  Nidtalln,  Conr.     San  Pedro. 

14.  Mewdesma  frubrotincfa,  Sby.t     San  Pedro. 

15.  Tellina  ricina,  C.  B.  Ad.      [Dead  specimens  of  =  Heterodotiax 

("  Psnmmobia,'^  var.)  Pacifica,  Conr.]     San  Diego. 

16.  Tellina  secta,  Conr.     San  Pedro. 

17.  S!)fi(sniti  \_C'ryi)tomya'\Californica,  Conr.     San  Diego. 

18.  Petricola  carclitoides,ConT.,=ci/lindracea,Desh.    Monterey;  San 

Pedro. 

19.  Solcairtus  Califomiensis,  Conr.     San  Diego. 

20.  Gnnthodon  lA'contii, Conr., =  G.  tnffotMm,Vetit.  Colorado  Desert. 

[Leconiei  is  probably  the  large  Texan  species:  trt</omts=meH' 
dicus  is  a  very  distinct  shell  from  Mazatlan.] 

*  Neither  Dr.  Gould,  nor  Conrad  himself,  in  his  later  geological  writings,  appears  to 
have  called  to  mind  the  true  T.  staminea,  to  which  the  Smithsonian  shells  belong.     It  is 
the  northern  representative  of  T.  grata,  but  quite  distinct :  v.  synonymy  under  Ven%t 
Petitii=:riffida,  pars. 

f-  No  "  Mesodesma  "  was  found  among  the  shells  returned  to  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, nor  has  any  been  heard-ot  from  the  coast.  Dr.  Gould's  shell  may  have  been  Semel4 
pulchra,  which  was  in  the  collection. 

78 


OV  MOLLl'SCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5D3 

fUte.      Fig.         No. 

21.  Loltia  scahra, Gld.  [non Nutt.,  V\.\e.:iBspectrutn,  Xutt.,  Rve.]  San 

Francisco. 

22.  Lottia  patina,  Esch.     San  Pedro. 

23.  Scurtia  pallida,  (Jirsi\,=  Lottia  mitra,  Brod.   [=  Scitn-ia  mitra, 

Eflch.,=  Z.  cimica,  (ild.,  aiitea.]^     San  I'edro. 

24.  Cali/ptrtea  hispida,  lirod.   1=  Cnicibitlum  spinomm,  Sb}'.]      San 

Pedro ;  San  Diego. 

25.  Crepidula  i'«CT«na,  lirod."     San  Pedro. 
20.  Bulla  nehulom,  Gld.     San  Dij<ro. 

27.  Bulla  (^Uaminea)  virescem, Shy.    Sr.n  Diogo. 
XI.      29.      28.  Bulla  {Ilamima)  vesicula,  Gld\,  n.t*.     IVel.  Ptep.  IS.").').   [P.  Z.  S. 

1850,  p.  20.3.]     San  Diejro,  Blake. 
XI.    27,28.  29.  ^j<//a(ror/jfl<i«a)  tncMfta,  Gld.,  n.s.    Prel.  Rep.  18.-).5.    S.Diego. 
[P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  203.     Appears  to  be  a  I'triculKs.] 
30.  Trochus  mcedus,  Jonaa  [=C'hlorostoma  funebralf,  A.  Ad.,=  wffr- 
ginatum,  Nutt.     Jonas's  species  is  .S.  American.]    San  Diego. 
XI.   25,26.  31.  Phasianella  compta,  Gld.,  n.s.    I'rel.  Kep.  1855.    [P.  Z.  S.  1856, 
•  p.  204.]     San  Diego,  Webb,  Blake. 

32.  Litorina,  sp.  ind.  [var.  plena,  Gld.]     San  Diego. 

33.  Melampus,  sp.  ind.  [olivaceus,  Cpr.]     San  Diego. 

34.  Oliva  biplicata,  Sby.     San  Pedro. 

XI.  23,24.  35.  Po<rtwM;M«//a<(«,  Gld., n.s.    Prel. Rep.  185.5.    [=  (Witlndcn  fm- 

cata,  Gld.,  n.s.     P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  200.    =  C.  sacrata,  var.,  teste 

Nuttall,  Cooper.]     San  l)iego,  Jf^'ebb,  Blake. 
XL      6-9.    30.  Amnicola  protea,G\d.,  n.s.    Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  X.  II.,  March  1855. 

Colorado  Desert  (Gran  JornadaJ,  Webb,  Blake. 
XI.    10,11.  37.  Amnicola  longinqua,  Gld.,  n.s.      Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  II.,  March 

1855.     Colorado  Desert  (Cienaga  (trande),  Blake. 
XI.    12-18,  38.  Planorbis  amnion,  Gld.,  n.s.     Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  Feb.  [Dtia, 

Mar.  in  text]  1855.    A  very  variable  species.    Colorado  Desert 

and  Ocoya  Creek,  Webb,  Blake. 
XI.      1-5.    39.  Bhf/sa  fiumerosa,  Gld.,  n.s.      I'roc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  II.,  Feb.  1855. 

Colorado  Desert,  Blake  ;  Pecos  River,  Webb. 

40.  Succinea,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

41.  Helix  Vancouverensis,  Lea.     San  Francisco. 

42.  Helix  San-Diegoensis,  Lea.      Point  Reyes.     [Xo   such  species, 

teste  Binnev.] 
4-3.  Helix  infumaia,G\di.  [Otia,  p.  215.]     Point  Reyes. 
44.  Helix  Oreyonensis,  Lea.     Cypress  Point. 

99.  The  fossils  of  the  various  Western  expeditions  were  being  arranged  in 
1800  in  the  Smithsonian  Museum  by  Prof.  J.  S.  Newberry,  M.D..  a  natu- 
ralist of  rare  experience  and  accomplishments,  and  author  of  "  lu  ports  on 
the  Geology,  Botany,  and  Zoology  of  Northern  California  and  Oregon."  Wash- 
ington, 18.57.  They  are  embodied  in  vol.  vi.  of  the  '  Pacific  Railroad  Re- 
ports.' The  following  is  a  list  of  the  fossils,  which  were  described  by 
Mr.  Conrad  in  pp.  69-73,  having  first  appeared  in  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  Dec.  1856,  to  which  page-refer- 
ences are  added. 

Dr.  Newberry's  Californian  Fossils. 

Pnge.     Plate.        Fig. 

Oy.        IL         1.    Schizopi/ga    Califnmiana,  Conr.,  Phil.  Proc.  Dec.  1856,  p.  31.5. 

[Partaking  of  the  characters  of  Cancellaria  and  Pyramidella.'] 

Santa  Clara,  Cal. 
„         „  2.     Cry/><owya  om/iis,  Conr.,  p.  314.    [Closely  approaching  the  recent 

species,  C.  Californica.']     Monterey  Co. 
J,         „  3.    Thracia  viadropsis,  Conr.,  p.  313.     Monterey  Co. 

*  The  Crepidulce  returned  in  this  collection  were  adunca  and  irvgosa,  var. 

1803.  ^, 


591.  EE?oiiT— 18C3. 

Mtja  Moniereymm.  Conr.,  p.  313.     [Figure  resembles  Periploma 

arf/enturia.l     Monterey  Co. 
?Mi/a  siilm/itiafa,  Conr.    [Conip.  Macoma  inquinata.']  Monterey  Co. 
Arcopaf/ia  nwdialu,  Conr.,  p.  314.      Like  A.  hip/icufa,  Conr..  of 

the  Maryland  Miocene.    [Closely  resembles  Lutricola  alia,  Cour.] 

Monterey  Co. 
Tapes  liuteattwi,  Conr.,  p.  314.     California. 
Area  rinalis,  Conr.,  p.  314.     Santa  Barbnra. 
Area  triliiuata,  Conr;,  p.  314.     S;inta  Barbai"a. 
Area  congesta,  Conr.,  p.  314.     California. 

Axincea  Barbarensis,  Conr.    [Clos-ely  resembles  Tect.  tHtermriliii.i.'] 
Mulinia  denmta,  Conr.,  p.  313.     ?  tianta  Barbara  and  sLoies  ot 

Pablo  Bay. 
Dosinia  lmi(pda,  Conr.,  p.  315.     Monterey. 
Dosinta  alia,  Conr..  p.  .315.     Monterey. 
Peeten  Pahioeitsis,  Conr.     San  Pablo  Bfiv. 
Pallium  Egtrellnnum,  Conr.,  p.  313.     Estrella  Valley. 
Janira  hella,  Conr.,  p.  312.     Santa  Barbara.  • 

I-  Ostrea  Titan,  Conr.,  Phil.  Proc.  1855.     San  Luis  Obi?po. 

Pandora  bilirata,  Conr.,  p.  267.      [Closely  resembles  Kmnerlia 

bicarinata.]     Santa  Barbara. 
Cardita  oeeidentalis,  Conr.,  1855,  p.  2G7.     [?=  C.  ventrteosa,  Gld.l 

Santa  Bai'bara. 
Diadora  enicibidiformis,  Conr.,  1855,  p.  207.      {?  =  Pmiciurella 

cueullata,  Gld.]     Santa  Barbara. 

Fossils  of  Gatun,  Isthmiis  of  JDarien. 

Malea  ringens,  Swains.     Gatun. 
TiirriteUa  aUilira,  Conr.     Gatun. 
Turritella  Gatunensis,  Conr.     Gatun. 
Triton,  sp.  ind.     Gatun. 

?  Cytherea  Dariena,  Conr.     [The  fipur«  does  not  appear  conspe- 
cilic  with  that  in  the  Blake  collection,  no.  50.]     Ualun. 

The  northern  fossils  are  supposed  by  Mr.  Conrad  to  be  of  the  Miocene  period, 
and  not  to  be  referable  to  existing  species.  Those  from  Sta.  Barbara,  however, 
are  clearly  of  a  very  recent  age,  and  probably  belong  to  the  beds  searched  by 
Col.  Jewett.  But  by  far  the  most  interesting  result  of  Dr.  Newberry's  ex- 
plorations was  the  discovery  of  the  very  typical  Pacific  shell,  Mnlea  r'niijcnx, 
in  the  Tertiary  strata  on  the  Atlantic  slope  of  the  Isthmus  of  Darieu,  not 
many  miles  from  the  Caribbean  Sea.  The  characters  of  this  shell  beiig  such 
as  to  be  easily  recognized,  and  not  even  the  genus  api)earing  in  the  Atlantic, 
it  is  fair  to  conclude  that  it  had  migrated  from  its  head  waters  in  the  Paciilo 
during  a  period  when  the  oceans  were  connected.  AVe  have  a  right,  there- 
fore, to  infer  that  during  the  lifetime  of  existing  species  there  was  a  period 
when  the  present  se})aration  between  the  two  oceans  did  not  exist.  T\'o 
may  conclude  that  species  as  old  in  creation  as  Malea  riiu/ens  may  be  found 
still  living  in  each  ocean ;  and  there  is,  therefore,  no  necessity  for  creating 
"  representative  species,"  simply  because,  according  to  the  present  configu- 
ration of  our  oceans,  we  do  not  see  how  the  molluscs  could  have  travelled  to 
unexpected  grounds. 

100.  In  vol.  vii.  of  the  Pacific  Uailroad  Reports,  part  2,  is  the  Geological 
Keport,  presented  to  the  Hon.  Jeft'erson  Davis,  then  Secretary  of  War,  by 
Thos.  Antisell,  M.D.  He  states  reasons  for  believing  that  during  the  Eocene 
period  the  Sierra  Nevada  only  existed  as  a  group  of  i.slands;  that  its  final 
Uplifting  wad  after  t?ie  Miocene  jif'iod ;  aud  that  during  the  whole  of  that 

80 


Page. 

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2L 

ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  59; 

period  the  coast-range  was  entirely  under  water.  The  Miocene  beds  ar< 
above  2000  feet  in  thickness,  and  abound  in  fossils  generalh-  distinct  fronj 
those  of  the  eastern  strata.  There  is  nothing  in  California  answering  to  the 
Northern  Drift  of  the  countries  bordering  on  the  Atlantic.  The  molluscs  of 
Dr.  Antisell's  Survey  were  described  by  Mr.  Conrad,  pp.  18!)-15)().  He 
remarks  that  "  the  fossils  of  the  Estrella  Valley  and  Sta.  Inez  Mountains  are 
quite  distinct  from  those  of  the  Sta.  Barbara  beds,  and  bear  a  strong  resem- 
blance to  the  existing  Pacific  fauna.  The  Miocene  period  is  noted,  both  in 
t;ie  eastern  and  western  beds,  for  the  extraordinarj-  development  of  Fecti- 
ni'fcf,  both  in  number,  in  size,  and  in  the  exemplification  of  typical  ideas." 
It  also  appears  to  be  peculiarly  rich  in  Arcadce,  which  are  now  almost 
banished  from  that  region,  while  they  flourish  further  south.  The  laige 
Ainusium  cuurinum  and  the  delicate  PecUn  hastatiis  of  the  Vancouver  district, 
as  well  as  the  remarkable  Junira  dentata  of  the  Gulf,  may  be  regarded  as  a 
L'gacy  to  existiig  seas  from  the  Miocene  idea;  otherwise  the  very  few 
Pectinids  which  occur  in  collections  along  the  whole  West  Coast  of  North 
America  is  a  fact  worthy  of  note.  Mr.  Conrad  has  "  no  doubt  but  that  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans  were  connected  at  the  Eocene  period;"  and  the 
fossils  here  described  afford  strong  evidence  that  the  connexion  existed  during 
the  Miocene  epoch.  All  the  species  here  enumerated  (except  Pecten  deserti 
and  "  Anomia  suhcostata  ")  were  believed  to  be  distinct  from  those  collected 
by  the  preceding  naturalists. 

Dr.  AntiselVs  CaJifornian  Fossils. 

Hinnite^  crassa,  Conr.     [?=II.  yif/aidea,  Gray.]     Sta.  Mar- 

fravita. 
Fcefen  Meekii,  Conr.     San  Raphael  Hills. 
Prden  (h-serti,  Conr.     lUake's  Col.,  p.  \b.     Corrizo  Creek. 
Pcctfn  di:*cus.  Conr.     Near  Sta.  Inez. 

Pvcten  nuiijndlia,  Conr.     [Probably  =  P.  Jcffersonim,  Say,  Vir- 
ginia.]    Near  Sta.  Inez. 
Pecten  a'tiplicatiis,  Conr.     San  Raphael  Hills. 
Pidlium  Estrellanum,  Conr.     [Janira.^     Estrella. 
Spondylus  Edrellanus,  Conr.     \?Janira.^     Estrella. 
Tapes  moiifaiia,  Conr.     San  Buenaventura. 
Tapes  Inezensis,  Conr.     Sta.  Inez. 
Veniis  Pa/arofina,  Conr.     Pajaro  River. 
Armpnyhi  vnda,  Conr.     Shore  of  Sta.  Barbara  and  Estrella, 

[Closely  resembles  A.  biidicata  ;  ?  =  Lutricola  alfu.] 
Cyclas  permacra,  Conr.     SieiTa  Monica.     Resembles  C.  ;>««- 

diita,  Vom:,=  Luciita  conipre  sa,  Lea, 
Ci/clas  EstreUana,  Conr.     Estrella. 
Area  Obispoana,  Conr.     San  Luis  Obispo. 
Pdohtiiii.^rtta  Iiiezaiia,  Conr.     [Like   P.  crassatelloides.']     Sta. 

Inez  Mts. 
Crassattiia  eollina,  Conr.     S+a.  Inez  Mts. 
Oitrea  stib/'ecta,  Conr.     "  May  be  the  young  of  O.  Panzana." 

Sierra  Monica. 
Osfrea  Panzana,  Conr.     Panza,  Estrella,  and  Gaviote  Pass. 
Dosinia  alia,  Conr.     Salinas  River. 
Dostnia  lonyula,  Conr.     Salinas  River. 
Dosinia  montana,  Conr.     Salinas  River. 
Dosinia  suhobliqua,  Conr.    Salinas  River.    Also  a  small  !««>«, 

a  Natica,  and  a  Pecten. 
Mytibis  Inezensis,  Conr.     Sta.  Inez. 
Lutraria   transmonfana,  Coin-.      Allied  to  L.  pnpyria,  Conr. 

Los  Anjeles ;  also  San  LuLa. 

6  81 


Page. 

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2,3. 

n 

V. 

6. 

3f 

VII. 

3. 

}} 

VIII. 

4. 

)f 

VIII. 

5. 

r 

X. 

5,G. 

C3G  REPORT— 18G3. 

Pa:;e.       Plate.    Fig. 

lUi.         V^I.     3.         Arinea  Barbarensis,  Conr.     Los  Angeles.     \?=i)i'erme<h'm.'] 
ff  \il.     3.         {"  Mitctra   Gabioti-nsis,  Cour.     Gaviote  I'ass.     May  be  a  Sc!n 

zode.'tina.     Associated  with  Mytilm  sp.   and  Infundibunni 
Gabiutensis. 
„  VII,     5.         Gli/cimeris  Estrdlaniis,  Conr.      Panza  and  Estrella  Va'.leya 

Allied  to  Panopeen  rrjiixa,  Say.     [y  =■  P.  yeiwrusa,  Gld.^ 
105.  Penia  montana,  Com:    S. Buenaventura.  Aihtd  lol'.iua.iiUuia 

Trochita  coatelluia^  Conr.     (Javiote  I'as-s. 
TurritclUi  Itiezana,  Cour.     iita.  Inez  Mts. 
Turritella  cariuta,  Conr.     Sta.  Inez  Mts. 
Natica  Inezana,  Conr.     [?Luiiatia  Leicisii.']     Sta.  Inez  Mts. 

As  before,  the  fossils  appear  to  be  in  very  bad  condition.  The  succeeding 
palieontologists  who  have  to  identity  from  them  are  not  to  be  envied.  Theii 
principal  value  is  to  show  what  remains  in  store  for  future  explorers.  Tlit 
extreme  beauty  of  preservation  in  the  fossils  collected  by  Col.  Jewett,  rivalling 
those  of  ihe  Paris  Basin,  and  sometimes  surpassing  the  conspecitic  living 
shells,  makes  us  astonished  that  so  large  a  statf  of  eminent  men,  employed 
by  the  Government,  made  such  poor  instalments  of  contribution  to  malacolo- 
gical  science.  The  plan,  too  often  followed,  of  remunerating  naturalists,  not 
according  to  the  skilled  labour  thc^y  bestow,  but  according  to  the  number  ot 
♦'  new  species  "  they  describe,  is  greatly  to  be  deprecated.  Further  knowledge 
concerning  the  old  species  maj^  be  more  important  in  scientific  inquiries  than 
the  laere  naming  of  new  forms.  It  is  generally  a  much  harder  tasK  to  per- 
form, and,  therefore,  more  deserving  of  substantial  as  well  as  of  honourable 
acknowledgment. 

101.  The  shells  collected  on  the  North  Pacific  Railroad  Survey  were  in- 
trusted to  W.  Cooper,  Esq.,  of  Hoboken,  New  Jersey,  for  description :  Dr. 
Gould  being  occupied  with  preparing  the  diagnoses  of  the  N.  Pacific  E.  E. 
species.  Judge  Cooper  Avas  at  that  time  the  only  naturalist  in  America  known 
to  be  actively  c  igaged  in  studying  the  marine  shells  of  the  West  Coast,  of 
which  he  has  a  remarkably  valuable  collection.  He  had  rendered  veiy  valu- 
able service  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  by  naming  their  specimens.  Un- 
fortunately, there  is  such  great  difficulty  even  in  New  York  city  (of  wliich 
Hoboken  is  a  suburb)  in  obtaining  access  to  typically  named  shells,  as  well  as 
to  many  necessary  books  *,  that,  notwithstanding  the  greatest  care,  errors  of 
determination  are  almost  sure  to  arise. 

Tile  "  Report  upon  the  ilollusca  collected  on  the  Survey,  by  Wm.  Cooper," 
forms  No.  6  of  the  Appendix,  pp.  369-38(3,  and  errata.     (Unfortunately  the 

*  Both  Judge  Cooper  and  Dr.  Lea  informed  me  (1800)  that  they  had  not  been  able 
even  to  see  a  copy  of  the  plates  to  the  U.  S.  Expl.  lisped.  MoUuscu.  Through  special 
favour,  1  was  enabled  to  obtain  a  series  of  the  proofs  to  work  by.  The  Smithsonian 
Institution,  though  intrusted  with  the  keeping  of  the  collections,  was  not  favoured 
with  a  copy  until  after  the  war  began,  when  the  whole  series  was  granted  by  Congress. 
Judge  Cooper  had  derived  great  assistance  from  the  llritish  Association  Report,  and 
has  coiumunicated  many  corrections  in  it.  lu  the  alterations  of  synonymy,  and  in 
defining  the  limits  of  specific  variation,  I  have  had  the  benefit  of  his  counsel  and  ex- 
perience; and  have  rarely  felt  compelled  to  ditfer  from  him.  liaving  himself  collected 
extensively  in  the  West  Indies,  he  had  excellent  opportunities  of  comparing  fresh 
specimens  from  the  now  separated  oceans.  1  was  fortunate  enough  to  meet  his  son, 
Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper,  at  the  Suiithsoniau  Institution,  and  to  examine  the  types  of  the 
species  he  collected  (which  are  here  enumerated)  with  the  advantage  of  his  memory 
and  knowledge.  His  later  contributions  to  the  malacology  of  \V.  America  will  be 
afterwards  enumerated :  his  valuable  Treatise  on  the  Forests  and  Trees  of  North 
America  will  be  found  in  the  Smithsonian  Reports,  lb.J8,  pp.  :i40--80. 

»2 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XORTH  AMERICA.  597 

work  had  been  carelessly  printed.)     It  contains  the  following;  species,  tho 
localities  quoted  in  the  text  ironi  other  sources  being  here  omitted  : — 

Page. 

3Uy.  Murex  foliatm,  Gme\.,  =  M.  monodon,  Each.  (Cerostoma).    San  Diego,  ? fossil, 
Cassidy. 
„      Miirex  festiims,  Hds.     Dead.     San  Diejro,  Cassidy. 

„  Triton  Oref/nnensis,  Redfield  (non  Jay,  nee  Say)  =  T.  cancrlhdum,  ^lidd., 
Rve.,  non  Lam.     Straits  of  De  Fuca,  Siwk/cy,  Oibbs,  J.  (i.  Coopt'-. 

870.  Clirysudomus  antiquutt,  var.  Bvhrinyiann,  Midd.,  one  specinieu.     Straits  of  Da 

Fuca,  Suckley.  [Conip.  Chr.  tahidattts.] 
„  Chrysodomus  Middendorffii,  Coop.,  n.  a.,—  Tritonium  decemcosfafmn,  Midd. 
One  specimen  on  the  shore  of  Wbidby".s  Island.  Straits  of  De  Fuca,  J.  G. 
Cooper.  [  =  Btic.  liratum,  Mart.  Tliis  being:  a  remarkable  instance  of  a 
"  representative  species,"  it  requires  to  be  minutely  criticized.  Judtie 
Cooper  compared  his  specimen  -wnth  1.30  eastern  shells,  and  noted  the  dirt'er- 
ences  with  great  fulness  and  accuracy.  A  series  of  Middendorll's  I'acilic 
shells  having  been  brought  to  Enirland  by  Mr.  T)anion,  and  sold  at  high 
prices,  I  made  a  searching  coT>i])av''i'->n  of  one  of  them  with  the  eastern 
specimens  furnished  me  bv  Judge  Cooper  and  other  uio.st  trusty  naturalists. 
According  to  the  diagnosis  of  .Middnidorffii,  it  should  be  referred  to  C.  de- 
cemcmtitusj  Say,  and  not  to  the  De  Fuca  species,  as  it  agrees  in  all  re.^pecta 
with  the  eastern  peculiarities  quoted,  except  that  the  riblets  near  the  canal 
are  rather  more  numerous  and  deiined.  As  it  might  be  suspected  that 
Mr.  Damon's  shells  were  mixed,  I  have  made  a  similar  comparison  with  a 
shell  from  the  N.  W.  coast,  sent  to  the  Snuths.  Inst,  by  Mr.  Pease,  and  with 
the  same  result.  On  examining  the  specimens  in  the  Cuniingian  C'dllection, 
in  company  with  A.  Adams,  Esq.,  we  were  both  convinced  that  the  eastern 
and  western  forms  could  not  be  separated.  In  the  similar  shells  collected 
by  Mr.  Adams  in  the  Japan  seas  there  are  remarkable  variations  in  the  de- 
tails of  sculpture.] 

871.  Chrysodomus  Sitchensis,  Midd.  '\_  =  incisits,  Gld.,  =  rf<Vi/s,  live.].     Str.  De  Fuca, 

Suckley,  Gibhs. 

„      Nassa  ynendica,  Gld.     Puget  Sound,  Surlley. 

„  Xassn  Gibbsii,  Coop.,  n.  s.  "  Resembles  X.  trivitfata  more  than  N.  jnmdica.^^ 
Port  Townsend,  I'uget  Sound.  [In  a  large  series,  neither  Dr.  Stimpson  nor 
I  were  able  to  separate  tins  species  from  N.  mtndica.  Similar  variatiims 
are  common  in  British  Xassce.  Picked  individuals  trom  the  Neeah  Day 
series  would  probably  be  named  trivitf<d<i,  if  mixed  with  eastern  shells.] 

I,  Purpura  lactuca,  ¥.sch.,  +  M.  fep^ugineus,K9i:}i.,  =  1'. septciitridnali.i.  I've.  Puget 
Sound,  Suck/ey,  Gibhs;  Shoalwater  Bay,  Str.  de  Fuca,  J.  G.  Conprr. 
"  Abounds  on  rocks  and  oyster-beds  in  Shoalwater  Bay,  the  form  and 
amount  of  rugosity  depending  on  station.  The  oyster-eaters  are  smooth 
even  when  yountr.^' — J.  G.  C. 
372.  Purpura  osfrina,  Gld.,  =  P.  Freycinetii,Widd.,  non  Desh.     -{- P.  decemcosfafa 

tCoop.,  non]  Midd.  Rocks  above  low-water  mark  :  from  mouth  of  llood'a 
'anal  to  Str.  Fuca ;  Puget  Sound,  common,  J.  G.  Conner. 

f,  Pirpwa  lajnllus  [Coop.,  non]  Linn.  \_  =  P-  saricohi,\A\.^  Str.  De  Fuca, 
Puget  Sound,/.  G.  Coojier.  "Found  with  /'.  uxtrina,  and  equally  common."' 
[Some  varieties  run  into  the  New  England  form  of  P.  lapillus,  sulHcientlv 
nearly  to  justify  the  identification;  but  the  bulk  of  the  specimens  are  easily 
distinguished  by  the  excavated  columella.  They  pass  bv  insensible  graila- 
tions  to  P.  o«^nwff,  Gld.,  which  is  a  rare  and  extreme  variety.  Many  of  the 
shells  called  P.  Freycinetii  by  Midd.  are  certainly  referable  to  this  sjwcies. 
Some  forms  pass  towards  the  true  P.  Freycinetii.  D(>sh.,  while  others  are 
equally  close  to  the  very  different  P.  emaryiitata,  Desh.] 

„  Purpura  emaryinata,  Desh.,  =  P.  Conradi,  Nutt.  MS.  "  Upp'^r  California,'' 
Trusk;  San  Diego,  Trowbridge.  [This  appears  to  be  exclusively  a  southern 
form  =  sajrieola,  var.] 

„  Monoceros  enyonatum,  Conr.,  =  Jlf.  ttnicarinntvm.  Sby.  San  Pedro.  Dr.  Trn^k 
S73.  Momcwoi,  layiUuidvs,  Cijut.,^Jl.  ^unctatum,  Giaj-.     fcan  I'tdio,  iJr.  Tra^k. 

83 


:;98  REPORT— 18C3. 

oi";5.    Cohirnhflln  paunnpnfa,  Old.     Str.  de  Fiica,  SticJ^Iet/. 
f,      Cnhnuhflla  ra/i/u  i^CV)oper,  non]  Gld.  l  =  Iiuccintnn  cornti/afutn,  Rve.]     StJ. 

d"  Fuca,  Siuhlry. 
J,      Natku  Leu-isii,  (jld.,  =  3'''.  herrufia,  Midd.      Puget  Sound,  J.  G.  Coo/mt,  Sitck- 

ley.     "Shell  sometimes  remarkably  globose,  nometiiiies  with  spire  iimch 

tirodiiced."   W.  C.     "Abundant  throii^'hoiit   the   N.W.  sounds,  aud  col- 
eeted  in  great  numbers  by  the  Iiidiau-*  for  food.     In  summer  it  cravls 
above  high-water  mark  to  lieposit  its  eggs"  in  the  well-known  sand-ooils, 
which  are  "beautifullv  symmetrical,  smooth,  and  perfect  on  both  sides."— 
J.  G.  C. 
„      Potamis  pullatus,  Gld.     A  variable  species.     U.  Cal.,  Trusk. 
G74.  Melanin  plicif era,  Lea.     Veiy  common  in  rivers,  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooftr 
f,      Jlc/aiii'a  siliciila,  Gld.  [  =  one  of  the  many  vnrs.  of  3/.  plicif  era,  teste  Lea], 

In  rivers,  W.  T.,  Nisquallv  and  Oregon,  J.  G.  Coojter. 
f,      Melania  Shortaensis,  Lea,  MS.  \_  =  lihagtaetms,  Lea].     Williipah  River,  J.  O. 

Cooper. 
„      Amuicola  Nuttalliana,  Lea,  Phil.  Trans,  pi.  2G.  f.  89.     Columbia  River,  J.  G, 

Cooper. 
„      Amnieola  seminalis,  lids.     U.  Cal.,  Trask.      [Belongs  to  Dr.  Stinipson's  new 

genus,  Fhnmuieola.] 
„      Turritella  Eschrichtii,yWA^.  \_=Bittium  Jilosion,  Gld.].     Puget  Sound,  Sud> 

ley,  Gibbs. 
„  "  Litorina  rudis,  Gld.,  Stn."  [Cooper,  non  Mont.].  Shoalwater  Bay,  De 
Fuca,  J.  G.  Coojyer,  Siickley,  Gihhu.  "  Very  abundant  on  the  X.W.  coiist, 
where  it  presents  the  same  varied  appearances  as  our  ea.^teni  shell." —  W.  C. 
[To  an  English  eye,  it  appears  quite  distinct.  L.  rudis,  Coop.,  with  xub~ 
tenebrosa,  Midd.,  and  tnodesta,  Phil.,  are  probably  vars.  of  i.  Hitkana,  Phil., 
=Z.  sulcata,  Gld.] 
„      Litorina  scutulata,  Gld.    On  rocks,  from  the  head  of  Puget  Sound  to  De  Fuca, 

J.  G.  Cooper. 
„      Litorina  planaxis,  Nutt.  [=i.  patula,  Gld.].     San  Luis  Obispo,  Dr.  Anfisell 
375.  lyrehu-s  Jilosiis,  Wood, =  7!  ligatus,  Gld. ,=  7.  niodexfus,  Midd.     Str.  de  Fuca, 
J.  G.  Cooper;  U.  Cal.,  Trask.     [=T.  costatus,  Mart.] 
„       Irochus  Schantarictis  [Coop.,  nonj   Midd.  [  =  3Iurff.  pupilla,  Gld.,  =  3/.  calo- 
stoma,  A.  Ad.]     Str.  de  Fuca,  J.  G.  Cooper,  abundant. 
Haliotis  Kamtschatkana ,  .lonas.     Nootka  Sound,  Capt.  Russell,  teste  Trask. 
Haliotis  corrutjata.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 
Haliotis  splendens.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 
Haliotis  rufescens.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 

Haliotis  Cracherodii.  ( None  of  the  rare  var.  Cnlifoniiensii.)    S.DIp^o,  Ca-mdy. 

FissiireUa  nigrofninctata,  Sby.     Two  specimens  sent  by  Dr.  Trask  as  coming 

from  Cataiina  Is.,  U.  Cal.  [Fimportedl. 

„      Fi-'surellu  nspera,  Y^sith.,?  =  criditia,  Gld!.,  ?  =  densiclathrafa,  Rve.  \_  =  Lincohi{, 

Gray.     This  is  certainly  Gould's  species  from  type;   but  Reeve's  shell  is 

southern,  and  appears  distinct.]     U.  Cal.,  Lieut.  Troicbridye. 

)76.  Nare.lla  iiistahilis. 


)> 

V 

» 


„      Acm(ea  pelt  a. 
„      Acmati  persona. 

Acmtfa  spectrum. 

Acmmt  seabra. 


The  few  shells  collected  of  this  family  are  mostly  imper- 
fect, but  appear  to  belong  to  the  species  quoted :  for 
the  synouyniv  of  which,  reference  is  made  to  the  Bii- 

.  „  tish  Association  Report. 

Acmeea  arugmosa.  ^ 

Scurriu  tnitra. 

Chiton  tnuscosus.  J  Still  fewer  materials,  among  which  the  quoted  species 

Chiton  subma-moreus.  I      were  identified.      [The    "  submarniorem,''  both  of 

Chiton  tunicatus.  t      Midd.  and  Coop.,  may  prove  to  be  Tonicia  iineata, 

Chiton  lignosus.  )      var.]     Chiefly  from  Oregon. 

,,     Helix  fidelia,  Gt&v,= Nuttalliana,  Lea.    Forests  W.  of  Cascade  Mountain. 

AV.  *r.,  J.  G.  Ciojyer. 

„      Helix  lowmendiann,  Ijea.     "  Common  in  open  prairies  near  the  sea,  but  not 

neax  Puget  Sound/'  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper, 

84 


V 


» 

» 

V 

f» 

» 


ON  MOLLXJSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XORTII  AMERICA.  599 

Tnge. 

«J76.  Ililix  Columhiana,  Iji^a,=labio^a,  Hid.     "  In  wet  mpadows  from  Vancouver 
to  the  coast,  not  nesir  Pii;.'et  Sound,"  VV.  T.,  J.  G.  Vinrpvr. 

877.  Hn^ijr   VancotiVfreims,  Lea  l-j-sporfclla,  Gld.,  ti  ste   I>lii!id\     "  We-^t  of  Cn-- 

cade  Mountain;    most   abundant  under   alder-'TOves;    also    on  Wliidbv"3 
Island."  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Coop^^r. 

„      IlcUr  deria,  (ild.,=  Tia<f:''rn'lfii,  Pfr.     Two  sp.  in  damp  wood*!,  near  Van- 
couver, W.  T.,  J.  G.  C'liopi'i: 

„     Jlefix  tmlicii/'i f II.  Blnn.     Hare,  with  the  last,  Vancouver ;   also  Washington 
Territory.  J.  //.  Cooper. 
Siirciiied  NiithiUiana,  Lea.     Rare  and  dead,  at  Vancouver,  J.  G.  Cooper. 
J^imax  ColuinfiHDtus,  Gld.     "  Ab;indant  in  dense,  daiup  spruce-forests,  near 
Pacific  coast ;  gi-ows  to  6  inches,  and  is  smooth,  not  rugose,  when  living," 
J.  G.  Cooper. 

878.  Limiuea  umhrosa,  Gld.     Lake  Oyosa,  Okanagan  River,  ,7.  G.  Cooper. 

,,      LimiKea  emarffinata,  Say.     Lake  Oyosa,  Okanajjan  River,  J.  G.  Cooper, 
„      Limnaa  jujpiliiriii,  Say.     Lake  Oyosa.  Okanajrau  River,  J.  G.  Cooper. 
P/ii/sa  elonijafn,  Say.     Near  Pu^et  Soimd.  J.  G.  Cooper. 
P/ii/sa  heterostropha,  Say.     Ponds  in  W.  T..  J.  G.  Cooper. 
Phi/sa  bullata,  Gld.  MS.     Lake  Oyosa,  \V.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 
Anqilns  caurinus,  Coop.,  hi.s.  ["r'  =  ^.  Nuttulli,  Ilald.,"  Coop.  MS.]     Black 

River,  near  Puget  Sound,  J.  G.  Cooper. 
Pftinorbis  corptdentim,  Siiy.     Lake  Oyosa,  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 
Pldttorbis  trirolcis.  Say.     Exceedingly  abundant  in  shallow  lakes  near  Van- 
couver, W.T.,  iT!  G.  Cooper. 
„     PIdiiorbis  p//tiiiil(itu.<i,  Coo]i. ,11.  !>.     "  A  small  carinated  species,  found  onlv  in 
lakes  on  Whidbv's  Island."  J.  G.  Cooper.     [Comp.  P.  operciduris,  Gld.] 
379.  Bulla  lu'bidosa,  Gld.     Bav  of  S.  Pedro.  Trash: 
„     Bulla  tvnella,  A.  Ad.,  in  Sby.  Thes.  pi.  1;54.  f.  104  [?].     Puget  Sound,  one  sp,, 

Suckle;/.     [?  =  Ha/m)iea  hi/da(is.^ 
ff      Odrea  edulis,  Coop,  [non  Linn.  :  =  0.  lurida,  Cpr.].      De  Fuca  and  Puget 
Sound,  Gihbs;  Shoalwater  Bay,  Cooiier.    "Small  in  Puget  Sound:  finer  in 
Shoalwater  Bciy,  which  supplies  S.  Francisco  market;  large  at  Vancouver's 
Island  ;  very  large  near  mouth  of  Hood's  Canal." 
M      {I^anufanomia  macroschisma,  \)ti%h,     De  Fuca,  Gibbs;  Xootka  Sound,  Capt. 

Russell. 
„     Perfett  caurinus,  Gld.     De  Fuca,  Su^klet/.     One  of  the  specimens  measures 
2.}  inches  in  circumference  and  8  in.  a*'ross. 

830.  Pecten  rcntricosus,  Shy.,+tumiduji,  Sby.  [=  ?var.  (equisulcatus,  Cpr.].     L'pper 

Cal.,  Trask  ;  San  Diego,  Cassidi/. 
ff      3Iytilus  edulis.  Ln.     Shoalwater  liay.  Cooper.     "As  abundant  as  in  Europe 

and  N.  England,  with  the  same  variations,  and  when  eaten  occasionally 

causing  urticaria." — J.  G.  Cooper. 
ff     Mtftilu*  Californianus,  Conr.     Puget  Sound,  Port  Townsend,  Suckley,  Gibbs ; 

Upper  Cal.,  Trask.     One  specimen  is  Oi^  inches  long. 
„     Mo(liola  capax  [Cooper,  non]  Conr.  [  =  J/,  modiolus,  Ln.].    Not  common.    Str. 

de  Fuca,  Gibbs,  Cooper. 
„      Modiol'jflabellafa,G]<l.     Puget  S.  and  Str.  de  Fuca,  ti'j'&fts.   [  =  M.  recta,  ruT.I 
„      Lithophagus,  sp.  ind.,  like  falcatuK     [Probably  Adula  stylina,  Cpr.]     Rocks 

near  mouth  of  Umpqua  I^iver,  Oi-egon,  Dr.  Volhtm. 

831.  Area  grandis,  Coop,  [non  Hrod.  and  Sby.,=  A.  midticostata,  Sby.].     One  sp. 

living.  San  Diego,  Cusmdy. 
ff  Margarifana  margaritifera,  hefi.  =  Al<tsmodontafalcafa,  Gld.  River  Chehalis, 
&c..  W.  T..  Cooper;  Shasta  River,  Or.,  Trask.  After  careful  comparison 
with  eastern  U.  S.  specimens,  and  those  from  Xewfoimdland  and  Europe, 
Judge  Cooper  agrees  with  Dr.  Lea  that  the  N.W.  shells  are  at  most  a  slight 
variety.  "  The  most  abundant  of  the  freshwater  bivalves,  and  the  only  one 
vet  found  in  the  Chehalis,  the  streams  nmnino  into  Puget  Soimd,  and  most 
branches  of  the  Columbia.  No  species  is  found  in  the  streams  running  uito 
Shoalwater  Bay.  Eaten  bv  the  Indians  E.  of  the  Cascade  Mountains," 
J.  O.  C. 


600  KEPORT— 18G3. 

Page. 

HSl.  Anotfonfa  nngnhfa,  Lea,-)-^.    femtnalis,  Gld.     Plentiful  in  Yaliima  River, 
\V.  T.,  C'oopfii:     A  series  of  spccMniens  of  various  ages  leads  Judge  Cooper 
to  indorse  Dr.  Lea's  ojiinion  of  the  identity  of  the  two  species. 
„     Anodoiifit  Orpf/(  nensis.  Lea.     Rivers  of  W.  T.,  Conper. 
„     Auodonta  Wnhlamaftnsi.s,  Lea.     Lagoons  in  Sacramento  River,  Dr.  Trask. 
382.   Cardium   Xii'tdJIi,  Conr.     Shoalwater  Bay  ard   Puget  Sound,   Cooper;  San 
Franc,  Dr.  Bii/elow,  Trunk.    "The  most  abundant  clam  of  Shoalwater  Bay, 
inhabiting  sandy  mud,  a  few  inches  below  the  surface.     The  Indians  feel 
for  them  witli  a  knife  or  sharp  stick  ■w4th  great  expertness.     In  July  many 
come  to  the  surface  and  die,  .''from  the  sun's  heat.' 
Cardium  qnadrafienarium^  Conr.     One  valve.     San  Luis  Obispo,  Dr.  AtUinell. 
Lucina  Californicn,  Conr.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 
Ci/rf(is,  sp.  ind.     Whidby's  Island  ;  pools  near  Steilacoom,  Cooper. 
Vvtnn  staminea,  Conr.,4-  Veneriipis  Petitii,  Desh.,+  Venus  ru/ida.  Old.  [pars], 
4-  Tapes  diversa,  Sby.     Shoalwater  Bay  and  Puget  Sound,  Conper,  Suck- 
lei/ :    San    Francisco,    Trask ;    San    Diego,    Lieut.    Trou'hrid(/e.      [To    the 
above  sj-nonjnny,  by  Judge  Cooper,  the  large  series  of  specimens  in  the 
Smithsonian  Mus.  compels  an  assent.     lie  considers   Tapes  straminea,  of 
Sby.   Thes.,  to  be  a  variety  of  V.  histrioniea,  but  it  more  probably  =  T. 
f/rata,  as  Dr.  (Joiild  appears  to  have  considered  it,  having  copied  Sowerby's 
error.     Conrad  named  it,  not  from  the  colour,  as  was  supposed  when  quoting 
it  as  "  sframinea,"  but  from  the  thread-like  sculpture  (test«  Conr.  ips.). 
AVhatever  be  t!ie  firm,  colour,  or  sculpture  of  the   shell,  Judge  Cooper 
Ti'miirks  in  all  the  same  characters  of  teeth  and  hinge ;  we  may  add  also,  of 
the  pallial  sinus.] 
SS3.  Sruidomus  Nuttalhi  [Coop.,non]  Conr.,-^Venentpis  (jigantea,  Desh..+  Vemts 
maxima,  Phil.  [?].     Near  Copalux  River,  south  of  Shoalwater  Bay,  com- 
mon at  Puget  Sound,  Cooper :  Bodegas,  Cal.,  Trask.     "Much  superior  to 
the  Atlantic  quahorj  as  food,  but  called  by  the  same  name.     Its  station  is  in 
somewhat  hard  sand,  near  l.-w.  mark,"  7.  G.  C.     [Judge  Cooper  regards  all 
the  Saxidomi  of  the  coast,  except  S.  aratus,  as  one  species.     The  southern 
fonn,  "with  rough  concentric  striae  and  brown  disc, '  is  Conrad's  speciis; 
"others  from  Oregon  are  much  smoother,  without  regular  stri;e.  '  These  are 
S.  sqnalidus,  Desh.     Dr.  Cooper  found  "  a  fossil  variety,  in  const-banks  10 
feet  above  sea-level,  which  is  well  tigured  in  Midd.  and  (less  distinctly)  by 
Desh.    A  Califoniian  specimen  measures  48  in.  across."    The  fossils,  through 
disintegi-ation,  often  assume  the   aspect  of  Venus  Kennerlei/i,  the  former 
margins   remaining    as  varical  ridges,  while   the  softer  interstices  have 
perished.l 
„      Venus  latneflif era,  Ccfr)r..=  Veneriipis  Cordipri,T)esh.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 
884.  Lutraria   maxima,  Midd.,  =  L.  capar,  Gld.    [  =  ScJnzoth(Prus  Xuttalli,  Conr.] 
Shoalwater  Bay,  Cooper.  San  Francisco,  Trask.  "  Lives  buried  nearly  2  feet 
in  hard  sand,  near  1.  w.  mark,  its  long  siphons  reiiching  the  surface;  also  in 
many  parts  of  Puget  Sound  up  to  near  Olympia.     It  is  excellent  food,  and 
a  chiet  article  of  winter  stores  to  the  Indians,  who  string  and  smoke  them 
in  their  lodges.    Length,  7|  in.    The  buiTows  are  foimd  in  the  cliffs,  10  feet 
above  high  water,  with  all  the  other  MoUusca  now  living ;  and  two,  not 
now  found,  were  then  common  [viz.  ?. . .].     The  Indians  have  no  tradition 
as  to  the  elevation,  and  the  ancient  trees  show  no  signs  of  the  irregular 
upheavings  which  raised  the  former  levels  of  low  water,  by  successive 
stages,  to  a  height  now  nearly  100  feet,"  J.  G.  C. 
„      Tellina  nasuta,  Conr.     Common,  from  L.  Cal.  to  the  Arctic  Seas.     Shoal- 
water Bay,  Cooper ;  Puget  Sound,  Suckl4>y ;  San  Francisco,  Trask. 
„      Telhnn  edenfula  [Cpr.,  Coop.,  not  Brod.  and  Shy.,  =  Macoma  secta,  var.  eduKs, 

Nutt.].     Puget  Sound,  Gibbs. 
„      Tellina  Bmleyemis,  lids.     Shoalwater  Bay,  rare,  Cooper',  mouth  of  Umpqua 
River,  Vollum. 
885.  Sanyuinolaria  Califomiana,  Conr.     "Common  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia 
and  other  rivers,  and  high  up  salt-water  creeks,"   Cooper.      \_=iMacoma 
inconspicua,  Brod.  and  Sby.] 

86 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  601 

8oC.  Sj/p«  sicnrim,  Old.  On**  dead  shell,  neai  Steilacoom,  Pufret  Sound.  Cooper. 
"  I'robablv  abniulant  on  the  nmd-tiats  near  the  mouth  of  the  Nisiquaily 
River,"  J.  (i.  V. 

J,  Mnrfirera  ptitidit,  Portl.  and  Dix.  (Coop,  errata;  Nuttnlli  in  text),  —Solcn 
hilt  limns.  Wood,  non  Chi-mn.  ,  =  Soleciirttts  Nuttallii,  Conr.,^  Mach(rm  rus- 
tata,  Midd.,  noii  Say.  \Va-*liiiiirton  Ter.,  Cooper.  "Burrows  a  few  inches 
from  the  surtace,  at  the  edire  of  the  usual  low  tide  :  is  justly  considered 
(except  thf  oyster)  the  best  of  the  many  fine  eatable  molluscs  of  the  cou.-t. 
It  i-i  till'  only  truly  marine  mollusc  found  near  the  Columbia  Kiver  ;  extends 
northwards  wlierever  the  beach  is  sandy,  but  not  known  in  the  Straits  of 
de  Fuca."  ./.  G.  C. 

„  Mijn  riincellata,  {Plati/odon),  Conr.  Dead  valves,  St.  Luis  Obispo,  Dr. 
Antisell. 

„      Sphftiiia  ('(ilifornirn,  (Cryptomya),  Conr.     San  Francisco,  Trask. 
3S0.  Mi/ti'inwriii  Xntfnlli,  Conr.     A  jrroup,  nestliiifr  in  a  white,  friable,  arenaceous 
substance,  was  obtained  at  San  Diego  by  Lieut.  Troichridf/e. 

ff  Phuliis  ' Pliiihiilidin]  pi-tiitn,  Conr.,  =  P.  concamcrata,  Desh.  From  worn  rock 
which  di'ifted  into  Siioalwater  Bay,  attached  to  the  roots  of  Macrocystiti, 
the  iriant  seaweed,  Cooper;  De  Fuca,  Suckley;  mouth  of  Umpqun  Kiver, 
Oregon,  Dr.  Vollitin. 

The  above  list  must  he  considered  as  a  resume,  not  merely  of  the  shells  of  the 
N.  P.  Railroad  Survey,  hut  also  of  all  those  examined  by  Judge  Cooper,  from 
the  Siiiifhsoiiian  Museum  and  from  his  own  private  cullectiin.  It  is  jjccu- 
liurly  valuable  as  preserving  the  notes  concerning  station,  &c..  of  the  originjjl 
explorers,  and  has  therefore  recpiired  a  more  lengthened  analysis. 

The  land-shells  collected  by  Dr.  Xewberry  in  the  Pacific  Eailroad  Survey  were 
described  by  W.  G.  lliniiey.  Escj.,  with  his  accustomed  accnracy.  His  pajKT 
will  be  found  in  the  Kcports,  vol.  vi.  pp.  111-114.  The  fuUowiiig  are  the 
only  species  enumerated  : — 

1.  Helix  Jicli  lis.  Gray,  Chem.,  Pfr.,  Pve.,  =  ^.  Kuttallittna,  Lea,  Binney,  sen..  Da 

Kav.     Portland,  Oregon,  iNWixTry.     Local. 

2.  Helix  infvmata.  Old..  Proc.  Bost.  X.  II.  S.,  Feb.  1855,  p.  127.      Hills  near 

San  Francisco,  Nen-berrtf.     Extremely  rare. 
S.  Helix  aruginosa,  (MA.,  var.  /3.  loc.  cit.      North  of  San  Francisco,  Netcberry. 

Pare. 
4.  Helix  Diipetithnvfirsi,  jun.,    Desh.,  Chem.,  Pfr.,  Rve.,=  7/.    Oregotiensis,  Lea, 

Pfr.     San  Francisco,  J5enicia,  Cal. ;  Klamath  Lake,  Oregon;  Neuberi-y.    "  One 

of  the  commonest  and  most  wideh'  distributed  species  of  the  Pacific  region." 

102.  The  U.  S.  Government  also  sent  out  a  "  North-west  Boundary  Com- 
mission," in  charge  of  Archibald  Campbell,  Esq.  The  natural-history 
arrangements  were  superintended  by  tlie  Smithsonian  Inst.,  and  Dr.  C.  B.  R. 
Kennerly  was  appointed  naturalist  to  the  Expedition.  At  his  request,  I 
undertook  to  prepare  a  Report  of  the  MoUusca,  to  be  published  and  illustrated 
in  a  form  corresponding  to  the  Pacific  Railroad  Reports;  Dr.  Alcock  kindly 
undertaking  to  dissect  the  animals,  and  Mr.  Busk  to  examine  the  Polyzoa. 
Dr.  Kennerly  died  on  his  return  from  a  three  years'  exploration ;  and  the 
civil  w.'r  has  thus  far  delayed  any  further  publication.  The  materials  have, 
however,  been  thoroughly  investigated.  They  consist  principally  of  dredg- 
ings  in  Puget  Sound.  On  reference  to  the  maps  published  by  the  U.  S. 
Coast  Survey,  it  will  be  seen  that  this  inland  sea  consists  of  u  remarkable 
labyrinth  of  waters,  fiord  within  fiord,  and  only  indirectly  connected  with 
the  currents  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  might  therefore  be  expected  to  furnish 
us  with  the  species  of  quiet  migration,  and  perhaps  with  those  still  living 
from  a  period  of  previous  altered  conditions.  No  doubt  it  will  furnish  new 
materials  to  reward  the  labours  of  many  successsive  naturalists.     The  pre- 

&7 


602  REPORT— 18G3. 

maturely  closed  invpstigations  of  Dr.  Kennerley  are  only  the  heginning  of  s 
rich  hiirvost.  Dr.  (ieor^co  Suckley,  late  assistunt-surjjfeon  of  the  U.  S.  armv, 
was  appointed  to  complete  the  natural-history  work,  after  his  lamtntcii 
death.  A  complete  list  of  the  species  collected  will  be  foiind  in  the  fifth  column 
of  the  .Vancouver  and  Californian  table,  v.  infra,  par.  112.  The  particulars 
of  station,  &c.,  and  all  the  knowled^^o  which  the  laborious  explorer  had  col- 
lected, are  lost  to  science.  It  is  quite  possible  that  some  of  the  species  here 
accredited  to  Pu'j:et  Sound  were  obtained  in  neighbouring  localities  in  thu 
Straits  of  T)e  Fuca.  The  specimens  are  in  Iteautifully  fresh  condition,  antl 
of  most  of  them  the  animals  were  preserved  in  alcohol.  The  following  are  the 
shells  first  brought  from  the  Vancouver  district  by  the  American  N.  W. 
Boundary  Commission,  the  diagnoses  of  new  species  being  (according  to 
custom)  first  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philadelphia. 

No. 

1.  Zirph<en  rrinpnta.     Two  living  specimens  of  this  very  characteristic  Atlantic  sp* 

2.  Sdxirarn  phouidin.     Several  living'  specimens. 

3.  Sp/ueuia  oroidcci,  n.  s.     One  sp.  living. 

4.  Vn/piomifa  Californica.     Several  living  sp. 

5.  Thracia  curta.    One  specimen. 

G.  Mytilimeria  yuttallii.  Three  sp.  living  at  ba!»e  of  test  of  Asciilian.  [The  animal 
appeared  too  peculiar  to  venture  on  a  dissection.  It  has  been  entrusted  to 
Dr.  Alcock,  of  the  .Manchester  Museum.] 

7.  Nirern  pectiriata,  n.  s.     One  s]).  livinL'. 

8.  Kmiierlinjiliisd,  n.  s.  and  n.  subg.     Several  living  specimens. 

9.  Psamtitohiii  nihroradinfa.     One  tivsh  specimen  of  uniform  tint. 

10.  Macoina  (I'v. )  txpansa.     Adult  broken  ;  young  living.     Belon;is  to  a  gi'oiip  of 

forms  classed  together  by  some  writers  under  lata  or  proxinia,  l)iit  th*^  cha- 
racters of  the  hinge  and  mantle-bend  have  not  yet  been  suJKcieully  studied. 

11.  Mticoiiin  ijiMiformiii,  n.s.     On""  valve. 

12.  AtKiiihix  mo/icstiis,  n.  s.,  but  closely  allied  to  the  eastern  A.  tetter,  Say.     Two 

sp.  living. 
l2b.  Aiii/ii/iis  Cfmorlf.^fits,  var.)  obfii.ms.     Several  fresh  specimens. 
I'.i.   Ck'mvntia  mibiHaphaiia,  n.  s.     Very  rare,  living.     Intermediate  between   C7e- 

mi'ittia  proper  and  the  prnra  group  of  thin  Callusfa. 
14.  Psi-phis  Lordi,  Baird.     Several  living  sp.  from  which  the  subg.  was  eliminated, 
l.').    Veiiiix  Keiincr/i/i,  li\e.     Very  rare.     One  sp.  living.     Some  of  the  shells  called 

V.  astarloi'des  by  Midd.  may  be  the  young  of  this. 
10.  Peiiicola  ranli/oides.     Several  fresh  specimens. 

17.  Astfirfc  ('f  \HT.)  compacfa.     One  sp.  living;  may  hereafter  be  connected  with  ^i. 

compresna. 

18.  Serripi'S  Grcodandiem.     Several  young  living  specimens. 

19.  Liiciiin  temmndpta,  n.  8.     Two  living  specimens,  of  which  one  had  the  surface 

disintegrated. 

20.  Cryptodon  serrimhis,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

21.  Kcllin  Lapennmi.     A  few  li\infir  specimens. 

22.  Kclfid  suborhicidarh.     A  few  living  specimens. 

23.  La.^ea  rubra.     One  sp.  living. 

24.  Pythina  rugifera,  n.  s.     Two  living  sp.     Intermediate  between  Pythina  and 

Kellia. 

25.  Ti  Hmya  ftimida,  n.  s.     One  sp.  living. 
20.  Modiolaria  la-rigata.     Two  living  sp. 

27.  Modiokiria  marnwrata.     One  sp.  living.     (A  shell  in  the  U.  S.  E.  E.  Col., 

though  marked  "Fi.ji  "  in  Dr.  Gould's  MS.  list,  probably  came  from  Puget 
Sound,  being  thus  confirmed.) 

28.  Numla  tcmm.     Two  sp.  living*. 

29.  Aeila  caMrmsis.     One  sp.  living. 

30.  Lcda  fossa,  Baird.     One  nomial  sp.  living. 

•  These  species  were  kindlv  determined  by  Mr.  Hanley. 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  C03 

Na. 

•".1.  I^da  mitnifa,  Linn.     One  sp.  livin^r*. 

.32.  Yoldia  laiirt'olata,  J.  Sby.     Two  sp.  living*. 

3.'1.  YohUa  amiiydnla.     Ono  sp.  livinjr*. 

i\A.  Hamiiiea  hi/datix.     Two  sp.  livinjr. 

.'5.'),  3('>.  Two  species  of  Tectilnanchiates,  not  yet  -workcd-out  by  Dr.  Alcock. 

3.".  Toniafitta  eximia,  IJaird.     Abundant,  livin";. 

.M8.  Cyllchiia  (ivas.)  attoiitia.     One  livinp:  sp.     I'robably  a  variety  of  ei/ZZ/iJ/aceo. 

34*.  iJcnfa/i'inn  rectiii^,  n.  s.     Very  rare,  dead. 

40.  Acnnthoplvnrn  Hcahra.     One  vounj;  living  sp. 

41.  yiopnlia  Grai/ii,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

42.  MojKilia  Ilindsii.     One  living  sp. 

4.{.  Mopnlia  si/iuatn,  n.  s.     Two  sp.  livinnr.    |    .        ,i         i    j  .     ,, 

^  ,.#';•    •  .  rp      '      ,•  ■       1  A  well-marked  CTOup  in  the  eenua. 

44.   Mo'HUia  impurratd,  n.  s.    1  wo  sp.  living.  |  b       r  e     "^ 

4-').  iHchnochitoH  (Trac/n/dcrniim)  tri/idim,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

4().  Ischnochifon  (Trachi/dermoH)J!ectens,n.3.     One  living  sp. 

47.  Inchnoc/iitoii  (  Tracki/dfrmon)  retipormuis,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

48.  Ischtiochitnn  (LipidopUurns)  Mertcmii.     Ilare,  living. 

49.  Lepcfa  Cfpcoidi-s,  n.  s.     Three  sp.  living. 

50.  Calliosttnna  varieyalum,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

51.  Maif/ariia  ?  Vahlii.     Three  sp.  living,  =  M.  piisiUa,  Jeffr.,  teste  A.  Ad. 

516.  Moryarifn  (?  v.)  ttnuisculpta.   Perhaps  a  var.  of  Vahlii, but  sculptured.    Several 
living  specimens. 

52.  Maif/nritn  lindnfa,  n.  s.    Several  living  specimens,  forming  a  Darwinian  group, 

of  which  var.  ».  siibelevafa,  var.  ;3.  obavUta,  and  hvar.  y.  cunica  might  pass 
for  species  from  single  specimens. 

53.  Marf/itrila  itijlafa,  n.  s.     Two  sp.  living. 

54.  Me  alia  laefeola,  ?n.  s.     Two  sp.  living,  but  eroded.     May  prove  a  Tar.  of 

lacfea,  but  with  different  sculpture. 
'Ah.  Mcsalia  (?/acteola,  var.)  nthplanata.    Two  sp.  living,  but  eroded. 

J5.5.  Lncinm  vi/icta.     One  fresh  specimen. 

.5(5.  Jiisxoa  cotn'iacfa,  n.  s.     Not  uncommon,  living. 

57.  Dn'lfia  iiirisn,  n.  8.     Two  fresh  specimens. 

•)8.  Driliin  caticeUata,  n.  s.     One  adolescent  specimen. 

50.  Mdiiffc/id  leridensis,  n.  s.    One  fresh  specimen. 

0)0.  3Ianf/ilia  aiif/ulufaf.     One  fresh  specimen. 

(il.  liclri  cxcurvafa,  n.  s.     (Ia]h^  Treieli/ann.)     One  fresh  specimen. 

0'2.  Chvmnitzia  (?v.)  aiirant{n-\.     One  fresh  specimen. 

G3.  Chcmnitzia  torquata\.     1'wo  fresh  specimens. 

<>4.  Chcmnitzia  tndi-titataf.     Two  fresh  specimens. 

G.J.  EuUmn  micans,  n.  s.    One  fresh  specimen. 

G(>.  Vcliittna  hn-i(inta.     Several  fine  living  specimens. 

07.  OciiK'bra  interfoxna.     Ware.  dead. 

08.  Nitiddia  Gouldiif.     Two  living  specimens,  proving  the  genus. 

09.  Tro'ihon  muUieosfatu-n.     Two  fresn  specimens. 

70.  Chn/nodotnm  ?ttibiihitu.9,iun.     One  young  sp. 

71.  Chn/sodomus  rectirostris,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

72.  73.  Two  species  of  Cephalopods,  not  yet  affiliated. 

Besides  adding  more  than  70  marine  species  to  the  Vancouver  branch  of  tho 
Californian  fauna,  from  specimens  in  good  condition,  without  a  single  bal- 
last or  exotic  admixture,  the  confirmation  of  many  species,  which  before 
rested  only  on  the  uncertain  testimony  of  the  U.  S.  E.  E.  labels,  and  the 
affiliation  of  others  which,  on  the  same  testimony,  had  been  wrongly  assigned 
to  distant  and  erroneous  localities,  was  no  slight  benefit  to  science.  The 
land  and  freshwater  species  of  the  Expedition  will  be  found  tabulated,  with 
others,  in  the  separate  lists  ;  par.  115. 

103.  While  the  American  naturalists  were  thus  actively  engaged  in  ex- 

f  These  species  were  first  found  by  Col.  Jewett  at  Sta.  Barbara.      Fide  p.  537. 

fid 


604  REPORT — 18C3. 

ploring  the  regions  south  of  the  political  boundary,  similar  explorations,  on 
u  less  extensive  scale,  were  being  made  under  the  direction  of  the  Kriti^h 
liovernment.  The  naturalist  to  the  I5riti>h  North  American  Jioundary  (.'oni- 
mission,  during  the  years  LS^S-lStJi,  was  J.  K.  Lord,  Esq..  F.Z.S.  He  made  a 
very  valuable  collection  of  shells  in  Vancouver  Island  and  Liitish  Columbia, 
tlie  hrst  series  of  which  was  presented  to  the  British  Museum.  The  new 
species  were  described  by  W.  liaird*,  Esq.,  M.D.,  F.L.S.,  in  a  paper  com- 
municated to  the  Zool.  Soc,  and  publislied  in  its  '  Proceedings,'  Feb.  l(nh, 
]s(i;},  pp.  (jH-7U. — Another  series  of  shells,  from  the  same  district,  was  i)re- 
eented  to  the  Brit.  Mus.  by  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty,  collected  by  Dr.  Lyall, 
of  H.  M.  Ship  '  Plumper.'  Two  new  species  Irom  this  collection  were  describe  il 
by  Dr.  Laird,  in  a  separate  paper,  P.  Z.  S.,  Feb.  1 0th,  liHi'S,  p.  71.  The  new 
epecies  from  Mr.  Lord's  collections  have  been  drawn  on  stone  by  Sowerby. 
The  figure-numbers  here  quoted  correspond  with  the  proof-copy  kindly  fur- 
nished by  Dr.  Baird. —  A  third  series  was  collected  by  Dr.  Forbes,  K.N.,  in  the 
same  Expedition.  After  Mr.  Cuming  had  made  his  own  selections,  this  passed 
into  the  ordinary  London  market.  It  contained  several  species  of  peculiar 
interest.     The  following  are  the  (supposed)  new  species  of  the  Survey : — 

P.Z.S.         Plate  I. 

Fugs;  No.     Fig. 

Gli  1  1.  Chrijundonmn  fnhulaiiis,'Ba\vA.  One  broken  specimen,  EsquimaltHarb., 
Vancouver  Island,  Lord.     [One  perfect  shell,  Xeenh  Bay,  «S'mvj«.] 

,,  2  2.  Vifidaria  aspra,  IW.  Several  living  specimens,  Esquimalt  Ilarb., 
Vauc.  Island,  Lard.  [Belontrs  to  a  group  of  srrooved  niuricoid  Pur- 
purids,  iutemiediate  between  Rhizochcilxs  and  Cerostmiia,  for  which 
the  sul)freniis  Orinrhra  may  be  reconstituted.  These  shells  are  the 
rough  form  of  Oriucbra  birida,  Midd.] 

C7  3  3.  Chnnnitzid  V(i)ic<tiicerensis,\\<\.  =torqt«tta,(^\\A.'].  Esquimalt  Ilarb., 
Vane.  Island,  Lord.  From  the  crop  of  a  pintail  Duck.  [The 
artist  has  failed  to  represent  the  peculiar  character  of  the  species, 
which  is,  that  the  ribs  end  above  the  periphery,  so  that  a  smooth 
belt  appears  roiuul  the  spire  above  the  sutures.] 

,,       4      4.  Amiiicolu  Ilindxii,  ]}J.     Seven  sp..  River  Kootauie  East;  nine  sp., 
Wigwam  IJiver,  west  slope  of  Kocky  Mts.,  4(il'(j  ft.  hi^h,  Br.  Col., 
Lord.     Resembles  Pahidina  \_Ffinni)iicoln~\  setiii/inh's,  Ilds. 
,,       5      5.  Bidlina  (Tonintitia)e.ii)iii(i.  lid.    Esquimalt llarb.,  V.  I.,  i(»>W.    Alive 
in  12  fm. ;  dead  in  Ducks  stomach.     [Not  Btdlhia,  Add.  Gen.] 

68  6       6.  Svrcinea  Hiuvkinaii,  Jid.     Six  sp.     Lake  Osoyoos,  Brit.  Col.,  i'wt/. 

7       7.  Limnaa  Siimnsmf,  Bd.      Like  Z.  elodes.  Say.     Plentiful.     Sumass 

Prairie,  Eraser  R.,  Brit.  Col.,  Lord.     [Extremely  like  L.  pcdn!<fn\<.] 

.,       8      8.  Phi/sa  Lordi,Bd.     Plentiful.    Lake  Osoyoos,  British  Columbia,  Zo/v/. 

[Larger  than  Ph.  Innuerosa,  Gld.,  and  with  strong  columellar  told.] 

69  9      9.  Anoylm  Koofaiiietiv's,  Bd.     Six  sp..  River  Kootanie  Eastj   live  sp., 

River  Spokane,  British  Columbia,  Lord. 

•  It  is  due  to  the  memory  of  Dr.  Kennerley,  as  well  as  to  the  other  naturalists  con- 

reeted  with  the  various  American  surveys,  and  the  officers  of  the  Smiths.  Iiist.,  who  so 

generously  entrusted  to  the  writer    their   unique  specimens  for   coniparisoii  with    the 

London  museums,  to  state,  that  (with  two  exceptions)  the  new  marine  species  of  the 

British  Survey  would  have  been  published  long  before  the  appearance  of  Dr.  Baird's 

paper,  but  for  the  derangement  of  the  U.  S.  natural-history  publications,  consequent  on 

the  secession  movement.     Although  the  Smithsonian  Inst,  had  offered  to  preseut  to 

the  Brit.  Mus.  their  first  series  of  duplicate  specimens  from  these  expeditious,  which 

was  exhibited  at  the  Manchester  Meeting  of  the  Brit.  Assoc,  where  this  Heport  wus 

called  for,  no  notice  was  given  to  the  writer  of  the  valuable  results  of  the  British 

survey;  and  it  was  only  through  the  private  kindness  of  Drs.  Sclater  and  Bitu-d  tiiat 

he  was  prevented  from  adding  to  the  list  of  synonyms,  already,  alasl  so  numerous 

aud  perplexing. 

f  These  species  are  named  after  places,  not  after  persons,  as  would  be  supposed 
by  the  terminatiuns.  qq 


0\  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  605 

P.7.S.        PUte  II. 
Png.'.  So.      Fig. 

tjy  10  10.  Vhiime  Lordi.  Rd.  From  a  Duck's  gtomach.  Plentiful.  Esquiraalt 
Ilarh.,  V.  I.,  Lord. 

,,  11  11.  Sj) ffen'iini  (Ci/r/ii'i)  tii>nidiiTn,'Bii.  Plentiful.  Suma.is  Prairie,  Fraser 
IviviT,  J'nitish  L'i)lumljia,  Lard. 

..  12  12,13.  ^'^j>/if{'riii)n  {Cf/da^}  Spokanif.Bd.  Two  sp..  River  Spokane;  two 
vouniT  sp.,  KoDtuuie  Kiver,  liriti.sh  Columbia,  Lord.  [Closely  re- 
lated to  tuinidiDH,  but  more  delicate.] 

70  13     14.  Ly  tiisia  sadirola,  JJd.    llole.s  in  rock.«i  in  Esqnimalt  Ilarh.,  V.  I.,  Lord. 

Japan,  te.ste  A.  Ad.  Closelv  resembles  L.  naviada,  Ad.  and  live. 
[Al)undaut,  and  very  variable  in  outline,  sometimes  like  Ha.iiraca 
p/io/adix,  soiiit'times  like  Mi/filimeria.  Neeah  Bay,  Swait  ] 
,,  14  15.  C''-ii.'<s)ifellaK'<rjiiiiii(dtif,Bd.  One  sp.  Esquinialt  llarb.,  ^^  I.,  Zf>rf/. 
[A  true  Astarff,  A\-ith  external  ligament,  with  one  ant.  lat.  tooth  in 
oue  valve,  and  one  post.  lat.  tooth  in  the  opposite,  well  developed. 
Tliis  character  was  noticed  by  J.  Sby.  in  constitutinor  the  ^'cuus, 
but  becomes  obsolete  in  the  typical  species.  The  same  peculiarity 
of  mavjiiu  is  seen  in  Crussutcllu.  The  external  rugie  are  sinirularly 
irre;iukir,  and  not  always  continuous.! 

71  15  Li-du  f'<>xfit,\jA.     10-l.jfm. ;  one  sp.      Esquimalt  Ilarb.,  V.  I.,  i'/«//. 

[="Z.  fomitfi,  IJaird,  MS.',  on  tablet.] 
71     16  Niwulu  Li/aliii,  JJd.    8-10  fm. ;  one  sp.    Esquimalt  Ilarb.,  V.  I.,  Liiall, 

Resembles  N.  dimricata,  lids.,  N.  cadreims,  lids.,  N.  mirnlilis, 
Ad.  and  Rve..  and  especiallj'  N.  Cobboldiee  from  the  Crag.  [In  the 
early  stajje,  the  sculpture  has  several  anjxles,  aftei^wards  omy  one. 
B)th  Dr.  Kennerley  s  and  Dr.  Lyall's  specimens  appear  to  be  = 
Aci a  cantre/tsi.'i,  lids.] 

The  Vancouver  Collections  having  been  deposited  in  separate  drawers, 
excej)t  the  series  mounted  for  tlie  table-cases,  penftission  has  been  j,aven 
(with  the  kind  ;i.ssistance  of  Ur.  Baird)  to  examine  them  minutely,  and  pre- 
pare a  revised  list  of  the  species.  The  marine  shells  will  be  found  in  the 
sixth  column  of  the  general  Vancouver  and  Californian  Table.  The  ful- 
owing  require  special  mention. 

So. 

17.  "  Tererfofn^hrutta,'''  teste  Jeffr. ;  out  of  block  of  wood  from  Xai-ni-mo  ITarb., 

V.  I.,  Lord. 
Ti-redo.     Shelly  tube  of  larpe  ?p.     Esquimalt  Ilarb.,  Lord. 

18.  Neta-^toma  Daririnii.     Ivsquinialt  Ilarb.,  Lord.     One  adult  but  injured  speci- 

men. [For  this  singular  I'holad,  with  duck-bill  prolongations  of  the  valves, 
a  subgenus  of  Fliolwlidea  is  proposed,  as  its  characters  do  not  accord  with 
Jouunettia,  under  which  it  is  placed  in  the  Cumingian  Collection  J 

19.  "  Sitxicuva  riKjoui.''    Several  typical  specimens  ;  Esquimalt  Ilarb.,  Lord,  taken 

out  of  interior  of  hard  stone,  mto  which  they  appear  to  have  bored. 

20.  "  CaJli.ftii  'fpannoxa."     Esquimalt  Il&rh.,  Lord.     One  young  sp.  [^=  Saxidomus 

squalidi(,%,  jun.] 

21.  "  Tapes  rii,idii."'     Esquimalt  Ilarb.,  Lord,  common.     [An  instructive  seri<>5, 

some  with  very  clo.'se  and  fine,  others  with  distant,  strong  ribs.  Some  have 
ribs  large  and  rounded,  approaching  the  sculpture  of  Cardia.  Some  change 
suddenly  from  one  form  to  another.      =  T.  stnminea,  var.  Petifii.'\ 

22.  "  Cardium   VaUfoniieme,  Uesh."     8-15  fm.     Vancouver  Is.,  Lyall.     [=vap- 

hlanduni.     Tablet  contains  fllso  young  sp.  of  C.  corbis.] 

23.  "  Cardita  veiitrieosa,  Gld."     8-16  fm.     Vane.  Is.,  Lyall.      [Not  ventricose, 

exactly  resembles  the  East  Coast  specimens  of  Few.  borealis  dredged  by  Dr. 
Sti:npson.] 

24.  "  A)ioih)tta  roi/)iata,  Gh\."     [_=A.  Oreffonensis,  J^eR.'\     Lake  Osoyoos,  Br.  Col. 

Lord.    Two  sp.     Also  Freshwater  Lake,  Nootka  Sound,  Lijall. 
„    Anodoida  't  Orei/oneuHs,  'y\n.      Freshwater  Lake,  Nootka,  V.  I.,  L^ord  \  one  sp. 

25.  Anodoida  r yuttiilUuita.     Freshwater  Lake,  Nootka,  Vane.  Is.,  Zo/y/;  one  sp. 
Jil).  AnudutUu  IJ'a.'i'uiiiUu.isij.    Fieshwater  Lake,  Nootka,  Vaac.  Is., Z-r</j  luui  sp 

91 


606  REPORT— 1863. 

No 

20.  Anodfmta   ?  Wuhlamafenns,  jun.     Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  Fiiver,  Brit,  CoL, 
J^trd ;  one  spi'ciinen. 

27.  Anodonta  unijulata.     Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R.,Zorrf;  onn  speciiiion  [irregu- 

lar and  nuic-h  eroded.  The  hinfre-line  is  \\aved  and  a  false  ''  tooth  "  pro- 
duced, in  consequence  of  which  it  has  been  named]  "  AUisniodon.'' 

28.  "  Pecten  rubiduji,  lids."   Vane.  Is.,  Li/all.    [Hinds's  type  in  lir.  Mus.  appears  the 

ordinary  form,  of  which  P.  fi(idiifKi=  hen'reti^  is  the  hijihiy  sculptured  var. 
This  shell,  which  is  more  allied  to  Idandiciis,  may  stand  as  P.  J2ii(d.iii.~j 
20.  Hinnites  </i't/anteiis.     Island  i\  miles  above  Cape  Mudpe,  Li/all. 

30.  Odrea  lurida.     Esquimalt  Ilarb.,  Zo/rf.    Dredfjred-up by  Indians  in  small  hand- 

nets  with  long  handles,  in  2-."}  fm.,  on  mud-flats. 

31.  "  Placunanomia  cepio,  Gray.'      Esquimalt    Ilarb.,    I-ord.       On   island   rock, 

between  tide-marks.     \_=P-  macroschiftma,  smooth,  hollow  form.] 

32.  "  Chiton  {Plati/s-mus)  TfWt/ieswn.^A;^,  Midd.,=  (7.   Iliiuidi,  Kve."      Esquimalt 

Ilarb.,  Lord.  One  very  tine  specimen.  [Quite  distinct  from  Mopalia  Jlindsii 
( (Jray)  ;  differs  but  slightly  from  M.  miiwosa,  Gld.] 

33.  "Chiton  ?  IfPint/atns.'"     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     One  specimen.     [  =  /»c^rtO- 

cIiitonJlecfMis.^ 

34.  "  Chiton  dentien.%  (rid..  ?  =  marfiinatiis.'''     Esquimalt  Harb..  /j>rd.     Two  spe- 

cimens. \^  =  IiKhnochiton  pseiulodentiem.  Kot  congeneriii  with  the  British 
Leptochiton  cinerem=marf/inatm.'] 

35.  Acni'^^a  "  mitella,  Mke."     Esquimalt  Ilarb.,  Zorrf.     [Probably  A.  pelta,  jun. 

Xot  sculptured,  as  is  the  tropical  species.] 

36.  "  Acmfsa  ?tistiidin(dis,  jun."     Esquimalt  Ilarb.,  iwrf.     One  younp:  sp.  [with 

extremely  close  tine  striae  ;  colour  in  festoons  of  oranpre-brown  pencilling  on 
white  ground.  Might  stand  well  for  A.  testudinalis,  but  probably  =  ^. 
patina,  var.  pintadina.^ 

37.  M(in/arifa  "  eostelhtii.  i^hy."     Esquimalt  Ilarb.,  Zorrf.     [=  M.  pupilla,  GM.'] 

38.  Crepidida  lint/ idata,  Hid.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     Three  young  sp.     [Apex 

smooth,  imbedded,  passing  into  the  aculeata  type.  The  species  probably= 
i .  dorsafa,  Brod.] 

39.  "  Melania  silictda,  Gld.,  ?  =  rttdem,  Rve."     Attached  to  weeds  and  float'ng 

sticks  in  swift  stream  on  prairie,  at  Nisqually,  W.  T.,  Lord.  [=plicifera, 
small  var.] 

40.  Priene  Orefionenm.     Port  Neville,  6  fm.,  Lyall.     [Very  fine ;   but  opercula 

probably  misplaced.] 

41.  "  Nitidella  "  (/aiisapata,  Gld.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     [A  beautiful  series  of 

highly  painted  specimens.  Operculum  Nassoid,  not  Pm-puroid ;  therefore 
ranks  under  Ami/cla.] 

42.  "  Vitidaria  lactiica."     Vancouver's  Island,  Li/ali.     [A  fine  series  of  Pirpura 

cri'ipafa  and  vars.,  among  which  is  a  lilac-tinted  specimen.] 

43.  Purpura  decemcostata,  Vauc.  Is.,  Lyall.    [  =  canalicidata.    Operc.  as  in  Ocinebra 

lurida.'] 

44.  "  Funm  Orphem  "'  [Bd.,  not]  Gld.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     Five  sp.,  with 

crabs.     [  =  Ocinebra  inferfossa,  very  tine.] 

45.  Trophon  Orphfit.t,  Gld.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     One  fresh  specimen. 
40.  Helix  Tou-n*endiana.  very  fine.     Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  River,  Lord. 

40ft.  "  Helix   Toicmendiana,  small  vai"."    Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R.  j  also  sum- 
mit of  Rocky  Mts.,  Lord. 

47.  ZTc/jr/Wc/iV,  typical,  jun.  and  adult.    Vane.  Is.,  Zorrf. 

476.  Hflix  f  delis.     I^rge  but  very  pale  var.     Sumass  Prairie,  Eraser  R.,  Lord. 

48.  "  Helix  Thoimrm,  jun."     Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  R.,  Lord. 

49.  "  Hefix  lnhiata=  Columbiana,  \a,T."    Vancouver  Is.,  Lord,  [closely  resembling 

H.  nifeitctns^. 

50.  "  Helix  iellicnta,Yb!>."     Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  R.,  t<w*<f.     [=  Frtnco«»w«j.<i»«.] 
.'>l.  Helix  [like  rotundata'].     Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R.,  lA)rd.     Two  specimens. 
52.  Zonitea  [like  excavatcr,.     Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R.,  Lord.     One  specimen. 
5:^.  Zonitts  [like  electrina].     Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R.,  Lord.     Seven  8]iecinien9. 
5L  Pajya,  sp.  iml.  jun.      Lake  Osoyons.  British  Columbia,  Lord.     One  specimen. 

[Genus  not  found  before,  ngrth  of  CaiIiOiuia.1 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  XOIITH  AMERICA.  COT 

Vo. 

65.  "  Siiceinfn  ri'»tica>ia.  Ci\d."  Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  K.,  Zort/.  [Scarcely  to  be 
distiuiruisbed  from  the  Europet-.n  S.  2)ntri.s.^ 

56.  "  Planorhis  corpidentus,  Hay."     Lake  Osoyoos ;  Syuiakwateen  j  Marsh,  Koo- 

tanie  East,  Brit.  Col.,  Lord. 

57.  Plaiiorbts  'f  giibcrfimtiig,  var.     Sumass  Prairie,  Brit.  Col.,  Lord. 

58.  "  Limncea  staynalis,"  typical,  tiue,  and  abuudaut.      Lake  Usoynos,  Fi-aser  R., 

Lord. 

58.  Limtieea  stagnalis,  long  narrow  spire,  mouth  swollen,  closely  fenestrated. 
Marshy  stream,  Syniakwateen,  Lord. 

6S.  '' LiiniK&a  ?desidiosa,  Say."'  Lake  Osoyoos ;  three  sp.,  Lord.  [Exactly  re- 
sembles a  var.  of  the  widely  distributed  L.  catanwta,  which  was  found  in 
profusion  in  the  Madison  Lakes,  Wise.] 

60.  "LimtMa  ?de.ndiosa,  Sav."     Syniakwateen,  Brit.  Col.,  Lord.     One  sp.     [Very 

turrited,  whirls  swollen ;  epidermis  linelv  striated.  Tiie  same  species  occurs* 
as  "  L.  meffasoma,  Say.     Lake  Osoyoos.'  ] 

61.  "  Phi/sa  heterostropha,  Say."  Sumass  I'rairie,  Fi-aser  R.     A  variety  from  Lake 

Osoyoos,  Lord. 

62.  ^lysa  [probably  young  of  Lordi,  but  with  orange  band  inside  labrum.]     Koo- 

tanie  R.  East,  Brit.  Col.,  Lord.     One  sp. 

Besides  the  shells  preserved  in  the  National  Collection,  the  following 
epecies  were  also  brought  by  the  Expedition : — 

63.  Terehratula  unguicidm,  n.  s.     Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.     One  adult  .specimen,  Mus. 

Cum.  [Extremely  interesting  as  being  the  only  sculptured  specirs  knowu 
recent.  The  young  shells  from  California  were  naturally  ailiiiated  to 
Terebratella  captd-serpentis  bj'  Messrs.  Reeve  and  Ilanley  ;  but  the  adult  ha« 
the  loop  similarl}'  incomplete.] 

64.  Hh'/nconetla  pxittacea.     Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.     One  specimen,  Mus.  Cum. 

Co.  Darina  declivis,  n.  s.  Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.  One  specimen.  [The  only  other 
species  of  Darina  is  from  the  West  Coast  of  S.  America.] 

66.  dementia  »ibdiaphima.     Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.     One  broken  sp. 

67.  Siixidomus  brecisiphonatus,  n.  s.     This  unique  shell  is  marked  "Vancouver 

Island"  in  Mr.  Cuming's  Collection,  and  is  believed  by  him  to  have  furuud 
a  part  of  Dr.  Forbes's  series.     The  shape  resembles  Callista,  without  luuule. 
The  mantle-bend  is  remarkably  small  for  the  genus. 
63.  Melania,  n.  s.)  teste  Cuming.     Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.     [Two  specimens,  with  very 
fine  spiral  striae,  sent  to  Philadelphia  for  identification. j 

69.  Mesa/ia  lacteola.     Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.     One  sp.,  Mus.  Cum. 

70.  Pteropoda,  several  species,  of  which  two  are  new,  teste  Cuming  ;  but  they  may 

have  been  collected  on  the  voyage.     Forbes. 

The  collections  made  on  the  British  Survey  are  peculiarly  valuable  to  the 
student  in  consequence  of  the  great  perfection  of  the  specimens.  They  have 
generally  been  obtained  alive,  and  arc  often  the  finest  known  of  their  kinds. 
The  occurrence,  however,  of  a  specimen  of  the  tropical  OrthaUrns  zebra, 
narked  "  Vancouver's  Island,"  in  Mr.  Lord's  collection*,  is  a  useful  lesson. 
Wlien  such  reliable  data  are  thus  found  possessed  of  adventitious  materials, 
it  will  not  be  regarded  as  a  slight  on  the  collections  of  the  most  careful 
naturalists  when  specimens  are  regarded  as  of  doubtful  geographical  accuracy. 
In  Dr.  Lyall's  collections  there  also  occur  specimens  of  the  well-known  Fafefia 
Mitfj/elhtnica  and  Trophon  Magellamcus,  duly  marked  "  Vancouver's  Island," 
though  no  doubt  collected  in  the  passage  round  Cape  Horn.  The  naturalists 
©f  the  American  Expl.  Expeditions  generally  travelled  across  the  continent. 

104.  The  latest  exploration  undertaken  for  State  purposes  is  aLo  for  our 
present  object  by  far  the  most  important,  both  as  relates  to  the  number  of 

•  Mr.  Lord  writes,  "The  fact  of  my  having  found  this  shell,  alive,  on  Vaneourer 
Island  is  beyond  question.  How  it  got  thera  I  do  not  ^)retend  to  say ;  it  was  rery  pot* 
•ibly  brought  by  soine  ship," 

93 


603  REPORT— 18C3. 

species  authentically  collected  and  the  thoroughly  competent  and  accnrate 
miinner  in  which  the  necessary  iutbrmation  is  being  recorded.  It  is  no  longer 
I'ft  to  the  great  nations  bordeiing  on  the  Atlantic  to  send  exploring  expe- 
ditions to  the  Pacific.  The  State  of  California,  only  born  in  I80O,  has  so 
rapidly  attained  maturity  that  when  she  was  barely  ten  years  old  she  con- 
sidered science  a  necessary  part  of  her  political  constitution,  and  organized  a 
"  State  Geological  Survey,"  under  the  direction  of  I'rof.  Whitney.  To  this 
survey  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper  (whose  collections  for  the  Pacific  Railway  Explora- 
tions have  already  been  reported,  riV/^  pp.  597-001)  was  appointed  zoologist, 
and  Mr.  W.  M.  Gabb  (formerly  of  Philadelphia)  palaeontologist.  The  friendly 
iflations  established  with  both  these  gentlemen  at  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion not  only  put  them  in  possession  of  the  special  desiderata  on  the  present 
branch  of  inquiry,  but  have  resulted  in  unreserved  interchange  of  facts  and 
opinions,  by  means  of  which  a  large  instalment  of  the  malncological  results 
of  the  Survey  can  be  embodied  in  this  Report.  Dr.  Cooper  has  not  only  ex- 
jilored  the  whole  coast  and  the  neighbouring  islands  from  Monterey  to  Saa 
Diego,  but  has  dredged  extensively  from  shoal-water  to  120  fathoms,  keeping 
accurate  lists  of  all  acquisitions  from  each  locality.  Having  an  artist's 
pencil  as  well  as  a  naturalist's  eye,  he  has  drawn  the  animals  from  life,  and 
already  subjected  many  of  them  to  dissection.  The  war  has  to  some  extent 
suspended  the  operations  of  the  survey ;  but  it  is  confidently  expected  that 
the  State  will  do  justice  to  herself  by  is.'^uiug,  with  suitable  illustrations, 
the  full  results  of  her  ofiBcers'  labours.  The  first  public  notice  of  tlie  mol- 
luscs appears  in  the  Proc.  Cid.  Ac.  N.  S  ,  Nov.  ord,  1862,  pp.  202-207. 
Here  Dr.  Cooper,  speaking  of  the  new  species,  writes  with  a  modesty  which 
is  not  always  credited  to  American  naturalists  by  Europeans, — "As  they 
may  have  been  collected  either  by  the  N.W.  Boundary  Survey  or  at  Capo 
iSt.  Lucas,  it  has  been  considered  safest,  in  order  to  avoid  confusion,  to  send 
specimens  or  drawings  of  them  to  [the  writer],  that  he  may  compare 
them  with  the  above  collections,  and  decide  wliother  they  are  re;illy  new." 
He  gives  valid  rea.-ons,  however,  for  describing  the  following  soft  Mollusca, 
Unfortunately  for  French  and  German  uatui-alists,  the  diagnoses  ai-e  ia 
English  only. 

page. 

2oJ.  Strategns  (n.  g.)  imrmis,  n.  s.  More  highly  organized  than  any  other  genus 
of  Opisthobratichiata  ;  creeps  slowly  among  the  grasses  in  the  niiukly  parts 
of  San  Diego  Bay,  looking  like  a  large  caterpillar.     Not  unconunon. 

203.  Pleiirophi/llidia  Californica,  n.  s.     Closely  resembles  P.  lineata  of  S.  Europe. 

"From  the  distance  of  locality  there  can,  however,  be  no  iuentity  of 
species."  [?]  Numerous  in  Dec,  crawling  and  bunowiiig  on  sandy  Hal^ 
in  San  Diego  Bay;  none  in  Jan.,  after  the  floods.  [Dr.  Cooper  writes  that 
the  body  of  fresh  water  was  so  great  in  some  places  as  to  kill  the  marine 
molluscs  for  a  considerable  distance  beyond  the  estuaries,  and  thus  mate- 
rially alter  the  pre-existent  fauna.] 

204.  Doris  Montereyensis,  n.  s.,  0-10  fm.,  adhering  to  sandstone.     Monterey  Bay, 

very  rare.     Small  specimens  in  San  Francisco  Baj',  Frick. 
204.  Doris  {Asteronotus)  sam/uiiiea,  n.  s.     Under  stones  in  San  Diego  Bay  ;  rare. 
204.  Doris  (?  Asteronotus)  aUibasfrina,  n.  a.    Under  stones  in  S.  Diego  Bay.   One  sp. 

204.  Doris  (?  Actinoci/clus)  iSatulieffensis,  n.  s.     Very  active  among  grass  on  mud- 

ilats  near  lo* -water  mark,  San  Diego  Bay ;  coi^mon  before  the  flood. 

205.  .^Eolis  {';' Flabellina)  optilescem,  n.  s.    Comiuou  among  grass  in  San  Diego  Bay. 
205.  AHolis  (?  Phidiana)  iodinea,  n.  s.     Among  algae  on  rocks  outside  San  Diego 

Bay. 
207.   Tritortia  Palmeri,  n.  8.     San  Diego,  common  "  in  same  localities  as  the  Dt~ 
phyllidia.     Named  after  Mr.  Edward  Palmer,  a  zealous  natuialist,  who 
assisted  me  while  at  San  Diego." 

u 


OS  MOLLCSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMEKICA.  COD 

Dr.  Cooper's  second  paper  "  On  Xew  or  Rare  MoUusca  inlia>)itinj?  the  C'oa-t 
cf  California,"  in  the  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  X.  S.,  Aug.  17,  1»(53,  contiiiiis  (En-;lwi) 
descrii^tions  of  the  following  species.  He  observes  that  "  >Sfitt<t  Burlinra  and 
/<anta  Barbara  Islmul  are  very  different  in  the  groups  of  animals  inhabiting 
tliem,  although  the  island  is  only  thirty-five  miles  from  the  mainland. 
L'ttalina  Islcnul  is  twenty-four  miles  from  the  mainland,  and  the  molluscs 
are  very  different  from  both  the  mainland  and  the  other  islands,  being  the 
richest  locality  on  our  shores." 

Page. 

57.  Aplysia  Califomica,  Cp. ;  for  which  is  constituted  a  9ubg-enu«.  Xcaph/sia :  15 

inches  by  5  *.    Three  specimens ;  San  I'edro  beach,  afcer  slurui ;  slomacli  full 

of  algae.     Fig.  14. 
C8.  Nararchiis,  Cp.     Tr.  Cal.  Ac,  Apr.  1863. 
„     Navmchus  uwrmis,  Cp.,=  fitrateyua  t.,  Cp.,  anteh.     Catalina  Island,  10  fms., 

in  seaweed.     1  specimen. 
„    Doris  albopnnctata,  Cp.      Santa  Barbara,  20  fui.,  rocky  bottom.      Catalina 

Island,  rocks,  1.  w. 
,,    Doris  Mnntereyensis,  Cp.     Ganta  Barbara  Island,  rocks,  1.  w. 
„     Doris  smujnima,  Cp.    4  sp.  with  the  last.  "  Stellate  structure  not  discnvered." 
„     Doris  iktii'liegensis,  Cp.     2  sp.,  with  the  last.     "  .Vll  these  species  belong  to 

Doris,  typical." 
59.   Trio/'d  Cafitli/ileifCp.     4  sp.,  on  algre  among  rocks,  l.w.     Cat.ilina  Is'.and. 
„     Dendronotiis  jw,  Cp.     Several  sp.  thrown  on  beach  by  storm,  Santa  IJarbara; 

1  sp.  dredged  on  seaweed,  28  tin.     Verv  vai'iable  in  colour,     'r  =  '■' Dendrono- 

<»s,sp.,"(ild.,E.  E.Moll. 
,,    yEoIis  Barbaretms,  Cp.     1  sp.,  10  fm.,  rocky  bottom,  Santa  Barbara. 
CO.  Flahcllina  opalescent,  Cp.,  =  ^uilis  u.,  C^.,  aiiteii.     AN'ith  the  last:  also  shore 

of  Santa  Barbara  Island,  rare. 
„     Piddania  iidinea,  C]).,=.-Eolis  i.,  Cp.,  ardea.     Santa  Barbara,  beach,  1  sp. 
„     CJtiorcera  leonina,  Gid.     1  sp.,  in  20  fm.     Santa  Baibaia. 

Sept.  7th,  18(53.  Dr.  Cooper  described  a  veiy  interesting  new  genns  of 
Puliuonates,  only  found  at  the  head  of  one  ravine  in  Santa  Buroaia  Isiami, 
■with  ''  myriads  of  Helix  Kdltttii  [=11.  Tryoni,  v.  note  *,  p.  IIOJ,  and  two 
otUcr  species,  probaldy  new."  Full  particulars  of  its  habits  are  given.  It 
h.Ks  the  mantle  of  Li)tui,r,  dentition  of  Heliiiil'v,  and  shed  resembling  Daudt~ 
bardia  and  Uomalony.v  [=:Omalony.v,  D'Orb.]. 
02, 03.  Binneya  notabilis,  Cp.    3  living  and  18  dead  shells.     Fig.  lo  (five  views). 

Jan.  18th,  1804.  The  remaining  land-shells  of  the  Survey  were  described 
(with  Latin  diagnoses)  by  Dr.  Newcomb,  in  a  paper  communicated  to  the 
Ai  ademy  by  Dr.  Cooper.  Specimens  of  many  of  them  will  be  found  in  the 
Cummgian  Collection. 

110.  ILli.r  Tryoni,  Newc.      Santa  Barbara  and  S.Nicholas  Islands,  abundant; 
living.  "=i/.  KlUettii,  Cp.,  p.  03." 
„     Ildix  crebristri(da,  Newc.     San  Clemente  Island  ;  abundant.     "  Closely  allied 
to  H.  intercisa,  imd  very  variable." 
ii7.  Jlc/ix  rufocinda,  Newc.      Catalina  Island,  .-estivating  under  stones;   rare. 
S.  Diego ;    1  dead  sp.     Outline  like  //.  Pytyonvsica :    umbilicus  open   or 
neaiiy  closed. 
„     JLiix  Gabb'i,  ^evrc.     San  Clemente  Isl.     1  sp.,  like  ^. /flc/rt. 
118.  lldix  fada,  Newc.     Santa  Barbara  Isl.,  very  common  j    San  Nicholas  Isl., 
rare.     Somewhat  like  If.  Bothi. 
„     Ildix  Whdiii'yi,  Newc.      Near  Lake  Taho,  Sierra  Nevada,  0100  feet  high. 
3  sp.  under  bark,  near  stream,  with  //.  Bntceri  and  H,  dicrsina.    Kesembles 
//.  driutdla. 

•  Molluscs,  as  well  hs  trees,  asaiinie  giant  proportions  in  California :  e.  g.  Sdiizoihorru* 
(witVi  sipU'ins)  10  in.,  Aiiiusium  8  in.,  Luuatia  (^ciartUug)  10  m.,  Mj/iilus  \)  in.,  im. 

t  f'ii. e  note  t,  p.  604. 
I80a.  gg 


610  BEPORT— 18G3. 

118.  Hvlix  Breweri,  Xewc.     Near  Lake  Taho  ;  8  sp.    (Also  1  sp.  from  motintains  in 
Northern  Galiforuia,  rruf.  Brewer.)     Like  //.  arhona. 
„    ILlit  Duranti,  Newc.      Santa  Barbara  Isl.     "  Like  Pianorbis  albus=hirsiittis, 
Gld." 

Dr.  Newcomb  also  identified  the  following  species  in  the  State  Coliection  :— 
i  19.  Ife/uc  arrosa,  Gld.     Common  near  mouth  of  S.  Francisco  Bay. 

Ife/ix  prrosa,  yellow  var.     Santa  Cruz,  JRovjell. 

Helix  fCalifomiensis,  Lea,  or  fXickliniatia,  Lea ;  var.,  Cooper. 

Helix  Carpenteri,  Newc.    Broken  dead  fhell,  head  of  S.  Joaquin  Valley,  Galb, 

Helix  Columbiana,  Lea.     Near  S.  Francisco. 

Helix  chersina,  Say.     Very  large,  near  Lake  Taho,  Cooper. 

Helix  Thouarsii,  Desh.     Pt.  Cypres?,  Monterey,  Coop-r. 

Helix  exaraia,  l*fr.     Mt.  Diablo,  Brewer ;  Santa  Cruz,  Bofcell. 

Helix  fidelis.  Gray.  Humboldt  Bay  and  mountains,  lat.  42°,  Bracer.  Black 
var.,  I'nck, 

Helix  infumata,  Gld.     Near  Ballenas  Bay,  Rowell. 

Helix  Kellettii,  Fbs.     S.  Diego,  Catalina  Isl.,  tine  var.,  Cooper. 

Helix  loricata,  Gld.     Near  Oakland,  ycwcomb. 

Helix  Newberryana,  Bin.     Temescal  Mountains,  near  Los  Angeles,  Breicer, 

Helix  Nickliniana,  Lea.     Common  near  S.  Francisco  Bay,  Cooper, 

Heliv  sjwrtella,  Gld.     Near  S.  Francisco  Bay,  Cooper. 

HelLt  MormoHum,  Pfr.  San  Joaquin  Valley,  Gabb;  north  to  Mt.  Shasta, 
Brewer. 

Heliv  Traskii,'Se-wc.  Mountains  near  Santa  Barbara,  i?/-<'wer.  May  be  =  27. 
Thouarm'i,  var. 

Helu-  tudiciilata,  Bin.     Near  S.  Diego  and  S.  Pedro,  Cooper. 

Heliv  Vancouvereusis,  Lea.  De  Fuca,  Gabb :  perhaps  extends  south  to  Hum- 
boldt Bay. 

Dr.  Palmer  sent  a  valuable  consignment  cf  shells  collected  by  him  between 
San  Diego  and  S.  Pedro  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution.    Dr.  Cooper  obtained 
permission  to  send  the  first  series  of  duplicates,  duly  numbered,  for  identi- 
fication, to  the  Smithsonian  Institution.     This  invaluuble  scries  was  lost  in 
the  "Golden  Gate."    The  gold  was  recovered,  and  much  of  it  stolen  ;  the  far 
more  precious  shells  remain,  unnaturally  located,  in  their  native  element — 
a  puzzle,  perhaps,  to  palaeontologists  in  some  coming  age.  Other  series,  though 
not  so  complete,  have  since  been  received  in  safety;  and  through  the  libe- 
rality of  the  Californian  Survey  and  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  as  well  as 
through  the  energy  and  kindness  of  Dr.  Cooper,  they  are  already  being  dis- 
tributed to  the  Cumingian  Collection,  the  British  Museum,  the  museums  at 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  Philadelphia,  Albany,  Montreal,  &c.,  as  well  as  to  the  col- 
lections of  working  naturalists.    The  stations  being  now  discoveied,  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  in  a  few  years  Californian  ehells  will  cease  to  be  objects  of  great 
rarity  in  this  country.    At  the  request  of  Dr.  Cooper,  in  order  that  he  might 
proceed  with  other  departments  of  his  labours,  all  the  new  species  which  have 
been  seen  in  England  have  been  described  in  conjunction  with  those  from 
other  sources.    On  those  which  are  only  known  here  by  the  beautiful  drawings 
Bent  by  the  collector,  it  would  be  unsafe  and  premature  to  irajMse  a  name. 
The  diagnoses  are  being  published  in  the  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  N.  S.,  and  should  be 
accredited  to  the  zealous  zoologist  of  the  Survey,  rather  than  to  the  mere 
artist-in-words  who  endeavours  to  represent  their  forms  to  the  reader.     It 
will  be  understood  that  the  lists  now  to  be  presented,  though  correctrd  to  the 
date  of  going  to  press,  are  still  incomplete;  and  that  the  infurmatiuu  has  beca 

^ _„_ 


ON  MOLLrSCA  OP  THK  WEST  COAST  OF  XORTH  AMERICA.  611 

compilerl  from  Dr.  Cooper's  letters  received  at  different  times,  •without  oppor- 
tunity for  his  revision.  iShould  errors,  however,  have  esruped  detection,  they 
will,  no  doubt,  be  coirected,  and  omis.sions  supplied,  in  the  forthcoming  Ke- 
poits  of  the  Survey.  The  species  either  new  to  science,  or  now  first  found  in 
the  Californian  branch  of  the  fauna,  are  as  follows  : — 

>'o. 

1.  Drfrancia  itUricata.     S.  Diego,  on  PhasianeUa  cmn/iia,  &c.    Maz.  Cat.,  no.  13. 

2.  Tenbratula  unyuiculus.     Monterey  to  IS.  Uiego :  yoiing  shells  iu  (i-20  I'm. : 

not  rare. 

3.  Terebrafella  ? caurina.     Catalina  Is.,  80  fm. ;  living;  rare. 

4.  Wahnu'imin  Grayi.     Catalina  Is.,  120  fm. 

6.  Zirph'Hi  crLspata.     Fragments  from  S.  Diego  appear  (very  unexpectedly)  to 
belong  to  this  northern  sipecies. 

6.  Corhula  luteola,  n.s.     8.  I'edro — S.  Diego  ;  common  near  shore. 

7.  Neara  pectinata.     Santa  Barb.,  Cat.  Is.,  40-GO  fin.  (Puget  iSd.,  Kennmey). 

8.  Ki  nnerlia  bicarinata,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  40-00  fin.  ;  rare. 

9.  Entodemia  in/lata,  Conr.,  =  diap/iana,CpT.     N'eiU*  S.  Diego  ;  1  valve  (Pw/mjc/*). 

10.  rii'ctodon  scahcr,  n.g.  and  n.s.     Cat.  Is. ;  2  similar  valves,  40-00  fm. 

11.  Macoma  inf/iiin<ifa.     S.Francisco;  rare. 

12.  Macuma  yohU/ormis.     S.  Diego.    (Puget  Sound,  Kennerley.) 
1;}.  Macoma  indodata,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

14.  Anyidus  varicyatin,  n.s.    Mont.,  Cat.  Is.,  20-00  fin. ;  rare.  (Neeah  Bay,  Swan.) 

15.  Arcojxiyia  laimdlata.     S.  Diego.    =Maz.  Cat.,  no.  o8. 

10.  (Edalia  (  Cooperelh)  scintillctformis,  u.suhg.,  n.s.    S.Diego.    Santa  Barbara  la. 

17.  Himele  rupium.     Catalina  Is. ;  not  rare.    (Also  Galapagos.) 

18.  Semcle  pidchra.     S.  Diego.    (Also  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Acapulco.) 

19.  Scmele  inconyrua,  n.s.     Catalina  Is.,  40-00  fm.  ;  couinion. 

20.  Pii-phis  nalmonea,  n.s.     S.  Diego,  Cat.  Is.,  3' '-40  fm. ;  rare. 

21.  Piteplii^  Lordi.     Cat.  Is.,  20-40  fm. ;  common.     (Puget  Sound,  A'enww/*?]/.) 

22.  'fA4arte  Jiiictuatd,  n.s.     Cat.  Is. ;  2  similar  valves  :  40  fm.  (Very  like  the  Crag 

fossil,  A.  omaria,  jun. ;  but  Dr.  Cooper  considers  it  a  VniasateUa) 

23.  Vi'tiericardia  borealis.    Cat.  Is.,  120  fm.     The  typical.  Hat  New  England  form. 

The  small  swollen  var.,=  V.  ventricosa,  (jld.,  is  also  found  at  Cat.  Is.,  in 
30-40  fm. 

24.  3fiodon  prolongatus.     (Xeeah  Bay,  Swan.)     Identified  from  tracing  only. 

25.  Tra;)cziiiin.     One  extremely  young  sp.=  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  120  (not  like  T.  Z>m- 

perryi).     S.  Diego. 
2'').   C/iama  ?spinosa.     S.  Diego.    (One  young  valve  sent.) 

27.  Cardium  (?modestum,  var. )  centifilosum.     Cat.  Is.,  30-40  fm.     [Tlie  differences 

between  this  and  the  Ivistern  Pacific  shell  are  probably  only  varietal.] 

28.  Ilcmicardittm  hiaiiyulatum.     Cat.  Is.,  living  iu  10-20  fui.     (Also  Acapulco, 

I'anama.) 

29.  Liocardiian  elatum.     S.  Diego  ;  very  large  (Maz.  Cat.,  no.  124). 

30.  Liicina  U'mmcidpta.     S.  Diego,  living  in  4  fm.    ( Also  Puget  Sound,  Kimnfrhy.) 

Var.,  dead  in  120  fm.,    Cat.  Is.  (approaching  L.  Mazatlanica,  Maz.  Cat., 
no.  144). 

31.  Lticina  borealis.     Cat.  Island,  120  fm.  "  =L.  acuteJirata,  Conr.,  foss.  E.  E." 

[Fxactlv  agrees  with  British  examples.] 

32.  Cryptodo'nfexuosun.    Cat.  Is.,  120  fm.     Ditto. 

3.").  Krii'ia  mbufbictiktris.     S.  Diego  ;  Cat.  Is.,  30-40  fm.     Ditto. 

34.  Killia  (var.)  C/iironii.     S.  Diego.     (Also  Neeah  Bay,  iSiian.) 

35.  Lasea  ruhra.     Cat.  Is.,  shore  (typical). 
T)*!.  l.epton  mevoeinn,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

37.  Tillimya  tuinida.     S.  Diego.     {\.\bo  Puget  Sound,  KennnrUy.) 

38.  Pridfs  ohlonyus,  n.g.,  n.s.    S.  Diego. 

SO.   CrrncUa  dec'm<ata.     Cat.  Is.,  10-40 fm. ;  not  rare.     (The  ordinary  British,  not 

the  New  England  form.) 
40.  Bnrbatia  gradata.     S.  Diego ;  Mai.  Cat.,  no.  104. 
4m  A.rinfca  iidermedia.   Monterey — S.  Diego,  Cat.  Is.,  40-60  fm.    [Scarcely  differs 

from  the  South  American  shelL    It  is  the  A.  liaibaremis,  Conr.,  of  Pac.  11. 

K.  fossils,  teate  Cooper.  J 
7  97 


CI  2  REPORT— 1SG3. 

4J.  Anln  ra^firn^i^.     Cat.  Is.,  40-^)0  fm.    (Also  Puf^?t  Sound,  Kennerley!) 

4"!.   Lvda  finieata,  teste  Han;.     Mont. — .S.  Diejro ;  Cat.  Is.,  lO-lK)  I'm. 

44.  Lt'da  hanutta,  n.s.     Santa  Barbara ;  Cat.  Is.,  20-00  fm. ;  common. 

4-'5.    I'ertirordia  onta(a,\)'Oi:h.     Santa  Barbara  ;  Cat.  Is.,  20-40  fm.    rE.xactlj- ac- 

cor.ls  with  the  Japanese  species,  noremcottafti,  teste  A.  Adams.] 
4*').  Jiri/o/M/a  mto-a.     (Cape  St.  Lucas.  Xuntiis.)    Identilied  from  traiinir,  no.  OSO. 
47.  Lima  o^'iVv/^a/w  (iu  Mas.  Cum., =:rfe/.Mce«s,  Conr.,  teste  Cooper).    Mont. — iSan 

Die^o ;  Cat.  Is.,  beach  to  20  fuK  ;  common. 
4"*.  Liinntula  suhauricidata.    "10-120  fm.,  Cat.  Is. ;  not  rare  :  1  valve  in  4  fm.,  San 

Diefjo.     [Exactly  atrrees  with  British  specimens.] 
40.  Jmiint  dentata.     Monterey,  S.  Biego,  beach  to  20  fm.     (Also  Cape  St.  Lucas, 

Xdiitus. ) 
50.   Cacoliiia  tdemm.     Cat.  Is. ;  dead  in  30-00  fm.     (Also  Vancouver,  Lyall.) 

61.  Tdtnatinn  carinata.     S.Diego.     (Also  Mazatlan,  i^w/pw. ) 
52.  Pedipes  liratiis.     S.  Diego.     (Also  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantiis.) 

6:J.  UcnfaltHm  {var.)  Indianonim.  Mont. — Cat.  Is.,  20  fm. ;  common.  [Probably 
a  striated  var.  of  pretimum,  which  Sowerby  doubtfully,  and  Dr.  Baird  cou- 
fidently,  affiliate  to  2).  entale.'] 

64.  Dentaliutn  setnipolitum.     S.  Diego.    (Also  La  Paz.) 

o">.  JJeiifalium  he.vuyonum.     S.  Diego.    (Also  W.  Mexico.) 

50.  Acanf/iuc/iites  avicula,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  8-20  fin. ;  rai"e. 

57.  Acanthopleura  JliLva,  n.s.     Cat.  Is. 

68.   Isc/iiiocfiitoH  veredentiem,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  10-20  fm. 

50.  I:irhnorhiton  (Lepidopleiirits)  pertiiiotits,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  beach. 

00.  Ischnochiton  ( Lepidopkurus)  scabricMatu^,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  8-20  fm. 

01.  Isc/inoc/n'fon  (Trachi/dermon)  pseudodeiUii'iis.     S.Diego.    (Also  Puget  Sound, 

Keiinerlt'j/.) 

62.  Ixchnocltiton  (Trachj/dermon)  gothicus,  n.s.     Cat. Is.,  8-20 fm. 
05.  Leptochiton  nexus,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  20-80  fm. 

04.  Xaci'lla  (?paleacea,  var.)  triangidaris.     Monterey. 

O-).  ?Xtic('l/(i  suh,y)indis.    Cat.  Is..  10-20  fm.     [May  be  the  young  of  the  long-lost 

Patella  cahjptra,  Mart. ;  unless  thf>t  b"  a  Droken  Ciepidtda  aduiica.'] 
60.  Scurria  (y  var. )  funicidala.     Monterey  ;  rare. 

07.  Piiin-tni-fUa  cuciiUafa.     Monterey.    (Also  Puget  Soimd,  U.  S.  E.  E.) 
0-<.  PuiidurcUa  Coopcri,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  30-120  fm. ;  not  rare. 
(50.  ^Iittpcrafor  s-rratits,  l-'Pn.s.    Monterey ;  Cat.  Is.,  10-20  £in.    [Dr.  Cooper  thinks 

this  shell  probably  the  young  of  Pomaulax.'\ 

70.  ?  Li'pfonijx  h<w>da,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  beach,  dead. 

71.  Gihhida  optubilis,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

72.  Calliodoma  stipragranosinn,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

73.  Cidliodoma  yemmulatum,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

74.  Calliodoma  spleiidens,  n.s.     Mont. ;  Cat.  Is.,  G—40  fm. 

75.  Maryurita  (!-var. )  sulmonea.     Mont. ;  Cat.  Is.,  0-40  fm.     [Intermediate  be- 

tween viuhdata  and  piipiUa.~\ 
70.  Maryiiiifa  acaticostata.     Mont. ;  Cat.  Is.,  8-20  fm.     [Fossil,  Santa  Barbara, 
Jeicett.'] 

77.  Solarielld  peramahili ,  .-n.s.   Cat.  Is.,  40-120  fin. ;  living.    [Differs  but  slightly 

from  S.  ay)cda,  Japan,  A.  Ad.^ 

78.  Etholia  supravallatu,  n.s.,  and  ?var.  mvallata.     S.  Diego. 
70.  Liutia  fenedrata,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  beach  to  40  fm. ;  dead. 

80.  Liotia  acufico<4ata,  n.s.     Mont. :  Cat.  Is.,  10-20  fm. 

81.  CWpiditla  excavata,  \a.T.  \un.    Santa  Barbara  Island. 

82.  Ga'erus  contortus,  n.s.     Mont. — S.  Diego,  20-40  fm. 

8>.   iiippunyx  serratns.     Santa  Barbara  Island ;  1  sp.     Maz.  Cat.,  no.  340. 

84.  Occmn  crebricinctam,  U.S.     Mont. — S.  Diego ;  Cat.  Is.,  8-20  fm. 

85.  Ca-cinn    Cooperi,    n.8.      S.   Diego.        [Two  fine  species    of   the  AneUum 

group.] 
80.  Titrritella  Cooperi,  Pn.s.     S.  Diego  ;  Cat.  Is. ;  common.     [May  prove  identical 

with  one  of  Conrad's  imperfectly  described  fossils  in  P.  R.  £.  E.] 
87.  Mesalia  tenuisculpta,  n.a.    S.  Diego ;  shoal  water. 

98 


ON  MOLLtJSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  613 

88.  L'iftt'tnn  armiUatum.     S.  Diego.     [FosMl,  Santa  Barbara,  Jewetf.l 

8y.  liittium  aqyenim.    S.  Diego  ;  Cat.  Is.,  beach  to  40  Im.    [^osj'ilj  tJanta  Barbnj^. 

JeicettJ] 
90.  I^apt's  fenentrafa,  n.s.     S.  Diego.     (Also  Neeah  Eav,  Swan.) 

01.  Ixnpis  ohtma,  n.s.     Mont. — S.  Diego;  Cat.  Is.,  10-20  fm. 

02.  Jiixsoi'na  interfossa,  n.s.     Mont. ;  Cat.  Is.,  8-10  fm, 
0;i.  Hissoa  acuiehrata,  n.s.     S.  Diego  *. 

94.  Fenella  piipoidea,  n.s.     Mont.,  20  fm. ;  rare. 

0*).  ?Ai»phithala7nu8  laciinatus,  n.s.     S.Diego.     1  immature  speci;ri  311. 

9(>.  Diala  acuta,  n.s.     Mont.  •  Cat.  Is.,  Ijeach  to  10  fin. 

07.  Diala  marmorea,  n.s.     Monterey,  S.  Diego ;  very  rare. 

98.  Stiiliferina  ttirrita,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

itO.  Jeffreysia  translucens,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

100.  C'ifthna  alhidn,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

101.  Trivia  Solandri.     Santa  Barbara  and  St.  Nicholas  Is. ;  common. 

102.  Ohe/isais  ?variegatu8.     S.  Diego.     (Also  La  I'az,  Cape  St.  Lucas.) 
10.$.  Chrysallida  piimila,  n.s.     S.Diego;  Cat.  Is. 

104.  Chrymdlida  cincfa.  n.s.     Sta.  Barbara  Is. ;  very  rare. 

10.").    Chemnifzia  chocolata,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

10().    Chemnitzia  (?fentiictda,\&T.)  suhcii^pidata.     S.  Diego. 

107.  Eidima  micans,  n.s.     S.  Diego.      Cat.  Is.,  30-40  fm.     (Also  Puget  Sound, 

Ketinerley.) 

108.  Eidima  compacta,?n.fi.    S.  Diego.  ^     I  Dr.  Cooper  has    not    decided  whether 
100.  Eidima  rirtila,?  n.s.     Monterey.     |     j     these  be  distinct  species. 

110.  Scaluria  hellostriata,  a.s.     Monterey. 

111.  Scalaria  subcorotiafa,  n.s.     Monterey. 

112.  Scalaria  crchricostata,  U.S.     Monterey,  S.  Diego. 

113.  Sc,d.:ria  fCuminffii.     S.  Diego. 

114.  Scalaria  findianorum,  var.     S.  Diego.     [Probably  conspecific  with  the  Van- 

couver shells.] 

115.  Opalia  borealis.     Farallones  Is.     (Also  Neeah  Bay,  S'icaw.) 
110.   Opalia  sponffiosa,  n.s.     Monterey. 

117.  Opalia  retiporosa,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  rare  and  dead  in  40  fm. 

118.  Cerithiopsis  cohimna,  n.s.     Monterey. 

110.  Cerithiopsis  assimihta.     Cat.  Is.  =  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  bQ^>. 

120.  Triforis  ?adversa.    Cat.  Is.,  10-40  fm.,  very  rare.     [The  specimens  sent  can- 

not be  distinguished  fi-om  the  Ilemi  shells.] 

121.  Prime  Oregonensis.     "  Comes  south  to  Monterey.' 

122.  Xassa  insctdpta,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  living  in  40  fm.,  rare. 
l2-'$.  Amycla  nndata,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  not  rare  in  40  fm. 
124.  Amycla  chrysalloidea,  n.s.     S.  Diego,  shoal  water. 
12-").  Aitachis  subtiirrifa,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

120.   Trophoii  triangulutus,   ?n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  60  fm.      [Resembles  the   yomig   ot* 
Mtire.r  centrifugus.'\ 

127.  Argoiiaida  argo.     "  Hundreds  on  beach  at  Sta.  Cruz  Is." 

128.  Octopus  punctattts,  Gahh.     San  Clemente  Is. 

120.  Oiiychoteuthis  fiisiformis,  Gabb.  San  Clemente  Is. 
1.50.  Omtnastrephes  gigaideus,  D'Orb.  San  Clemente  Is. 
1.31.   Ommustrephes  Ayresii,  Gabb.     San  Clemente  Is.     "Hundreds  on  the  beach.** 

Besides  the  above,  several  species  are  now  satisfactorily  assigned  to  the  fuiinoy 
the  evidence  for  which  was  before  considered  doubtful.    Such  are — 

132.   Waldheimia  Califomica,  Koch  [non  &\xct.,^ globosa,  Patagonia].     120  fm. 

Catalina  Is. 
1.3.3.   Clidiophora  jnmctata.     S.  Diego  to  Sta.  Cruz  :  valves  common,  but  rare  living. 
lo4,  13.').  Standella  Califomica,  planulata,  et  ?nasuta.     Conrad's  types  beina  lost, 

and  his  species  imperfectly  described  from  very  yoimg  specimens,  a  difficulty 

*  Most  of  tbe  minute  shells  from  S.  Diego,  quoted  without  station,  were  found  in  the 
ehell-wabhirgs  of  the  cunsigmuents  from  Dr.  Cooper  and  Dr.  Palmer. 

98 


614  nEPORT— 18C3. 

attpn<l«  thoir  idpntifiontion.  Dt.  Cooper  found  verylarjreTalvps  fresenihlinfr 
tkhizi)th/'r>!fi)  in  almndance,  but  much  detoniied  by  the  entrance  of  .sand,  and 
appan'ntly  killed  bv  the  fresh  waters  of  the  jn'eat  Hood.  The  larjre  shells 
btlon^j:  to  two  ver\-  di.stinct  species,  which  are  probably  those  of  Conrad ; 
anionjr  the  small  sliel's  i?  perhaps  a  thii-d,  which  may  be  Dr.  Gould's  sup- 
pressed nfimita. 

1;J(5.  lidffa  uiidiiliita.  This  rei  .arkable  reyeree  of  the  Atlantic  R.  cannliailcda  ia 
also  contirnied  by  rare  valves  from  the  S.  Diegan  di:<trict.  It  is  not  con- 
peneric  with  Harvella  eleyans,  to  which  it  bears  but  a  slight  external  resem- 
blance. 

1;>7.  2a})e>i  tnicrn'mn.  Large  dead  valves  of  this  very  distinct  species  were  found 
with  the  StandelUe,  and  coufiiin  Col.  Jewett's  young  shells  described  as  from 
Panama. 

1-M*.  Pecteii  fxtucicostattis.     Sta.  Barbara  Is.     [Described  from  Col.  Jewett's  valves.] 

l.}!>.  iJii/lu  Qiioi/ii.     8.  Diego.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  220. 

1-M).    Triincatella  Ctdifoniica.     S.  Diego. 

141.  Acinrra  rosacea.     Monterey  to  8.  Diego.     This  shell  is  named  /)j7fo/»M,  Midd., 

in  Mus.  Cuming,  but  does  not  agree  with  the  diagnosis.  It  can  hardly  be 
distinguished  from  Her'm  specimens  of  A.  viryinea.  It  was  first  brought  by 
Col.  Jewett,  but  refeiTed  to  Panama. 

142.  Amphithalamus  inclmm.    S.  Diego.     [Several  specimens  of  ths  minute  but 

remarkable  new  genus  confirm  a  solitary  shell  in  Col.  Jewett's  mixed 
collections.] 

143.  Uli/nre/Ui  mmphx.     Verv  variable  in  sculpture,  as  befits  the  species  which 

forms  the  northern  limit  of  a  group  common  between  the  tropics.  Col. 
Jewett's  shell  was  in  poor  condition,  and  supposed  to  be  the  young  of  s 
fnilf  species. 

1 44.  Volrarina  varia.    S.  Diego,  Cat.  Is.    [Sta.  Barbara,  Jeirett ;  also  C.  S.  I.ucas."] 

145.  NaxMi  CoiqHii,  Fbs.     S.  Diego,  Cat.  Is.     [This  Kollettian  shell  has  a  double 

right  to  its  name,  now  that  Dr.  Cooper  has  ascertained  its  habitat.] 

The  information  on  station,  &c.,  which  Dr.  Cooper  lias  sent  with  regard  to 
])reviously  known  species,  will  be  found  incorporated  in  the  general  taV)lf  of 
the  fauna.  The  following  notes,  extracted  from  his  letters,  are  too  valuable 
to  be  omitted  : — 

Ilaliotis  Caltfornt'ensis.  "  This  form  is  so  rare  that  I  think  it  only  a  var.  of 
Crac/ierodii." 

Ilaliofis.  Several  specimens  from  the  Farallones  present  characters  inter- 
mediate between  corni(/ata,  rufescens,  and  Kamtuchatkana.  It  is  not  yet 
ascertained  whether  they  a»e  hybrids  or  a  distinct  species. 

"  Livona  picoides  I  have  not  found,  though  I  have  seen  fresh  ones  from  Pt. 
Conception." 

*  ? Serpulorhii  sqtiamii/enis.  Common  south  of  Pt.  Conception ;  has  no 
operculum."     \The  young  begins  like  V.  aueliiim,  Miirch.] 

Macron  lividus.  I'oint  Loma,  S.  Pedro,  common ;  extends  northwards  f.  tht 
Farallones.     [  =  Planazi»  niffritcUa,  Newcomb,  MS.;  non  auct.] 

"  OUvvlla  semistriata,  Gray,  fide  Newc,  is  a  species  found  N.  of  Monterey  onlv." 
[.\s  Dr.  Gray's  species  is  from  Panama,  that  of  Newcomb  is  probably 
O  bo'tica.] 

**  Kassa  mterstriata,  Conr.,  foss.  (?=  N.  paupera,  Gld.)  ;  resembles  N.  fossata, 
Gld  {  =  Ii.  elegans,  Rve.*),  but  distinct.  Common  south  from  Sta.  Barbara." 
[Probably  =N.  perpinguis,  lids.  N.  paupera  is  quite  distinct, =iV.  striaia, 
C.  B.  Ad.,  teste  Cuming.] 

**  Fmin-elln  violacea  I  have  seen  from  Catalina  Is."  [Rsch.'s  shell  is  generally 
considered  vS.  American.     ?  May  Dr.  Cooper  s  be  a  form  of  volcano.^ 

Acnu(<e.  With  regard  to  limpets  and  other  variable  shells,  Dr.  C.  writes  t— 
"  From  my  examination  of  large  nuinl)ei3  of  specimens,  I  am  more  and 
more  compelled  to  believe  that  hybrids  are  very  frequent  between  allied 

•  Sassa  elejaiu  was  first  published,  bv  J,  Sowerbj',  in  the  Min.  Conch.  1821. 

100 


ox  MOLLTJSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  uF  NORTH  AMERICA.  615 

eppries,  and  that  the  roinparatively  few  links  that  are  mct-with  in  larije 
eerit's  of  two  forms  should  not  be  allowed  to  unite  them,  but  be  considered 
as  hybrids." 

Lvnatia  Lewidi.  Abundant  on  beach.  [One  pp.  measures  5|  in.,  and  the 
animal  of  a  much  similler  one  (4  in.  J  is  11  inches  lon^/.l 

Ostrea.  "  The  sjiiue  species  throufrhout  to  S.  Franc. :  !S.  Die<;o,"  Cuo]ier.  [Be- 
sides the  typical  uortlurn  shell,  O.  luridn,  are  well-mai-ked  l-vars.  lalicumataf 
ruf Olden,  and  e.tj)atisa.] 

There  are  also  several  species  which  are  quoted  in  Dr.  Cooper's  letters,  or 
appear  from  his  .'^ketches  to  be  quite  di.stinct,  or  at  lea^t  new  to  the  fauna  : 
but  they  have  not  yet  been  sent  for  id(  ntification.  Among  these  the  following 
are  the  most  important.  The  MS.  numbers  refer  to  the  tracings  which  Dr. 
(.'ooi)er  kindly  cojiied  from  his  orifrinal  drawings.  Where  a  "  —  "  appears, 
the  information  is  derived  from  his  letters  only. 

MS.  No. 

402.  Allied  to  ?  TJinicia. 

—  Cjiathotlonia,  probably  plicatn,  Desh.  (Cape  St.  Lucas,  ^nnfus). 

G20fl.  FifjTure  accords  exactly  with  Voiiin  foremna,  GId.     Catalina  Is.,  beach. 
lO.'jS.  Figm-e  accords  with  Liocoiicha  hieroi/lyphica.     Catalina  Is.,  120  fin. 
IfXiO.  Iteseiubles  Siinnptii.     Catalina  Is.,  40  fin. 

(>7<i.  Resembles  CnigsaeUa  Pucifica. 

874.  Lm-ina. 

98.>.  Xiwu/a,  with  concentric  sculpture.     Sta.  Barbara,  lo  fm. 

—  Yoldia.     One  fresh  valve  ot  a  large  and  remarkable  species,  2 '6  by  1-2  in., 

with  fine  concentric  sculpture,  very  inequilateral.     Sta.  Cruz ;  on  beach. 
7olrt.  ?I(iiit/iitut. 
1077,1078.   Chitonidip.     Two  highly  sculptured  species.     Sta.  Barbara,  12  fm. 

—  ?G(iditii'a.  Cat.  Is.,  CoofKr ;   Farallone,  Is.,  liouell.      "The  animal  did'ers  in 

haviuir  pectinated  flattened  tentacles.     It  may  be  the  t^-pe  of  a  new  genu3 

Hoiccl/ia.'' 
400.  E7nar<jinula.    [The  first  appearance  of  the  genus  on  the  W.  American  coast.] 
41")rt.  Gb/phk. 

3">4rt.  Like  Haplocochleas.     Sta.  Barbara,  15  fm. 
504.  Like  lyn/ola.     40  fm. 

—  Triria  suiif/iiineff.     Dredged  dead  in  Cat.  Is. 

—  Trivia.    "  Thinner  and  lai'ger  than  «rt«^j/<rtea.   Common  in  Lower  Cal."    [?s> 

Paci/tca.l 

—  "  Terchra  iii)eciUata."    One  sp.  near  S.  Pedro. 

—  Pkiir<>t(>niid(e.     Several  species  ai-e  represented  only  by  single  specimenji. 

Among  them  are 

588.  Dri/lin. 
1021.  Dril/ia,  2  in.  long,  shaped  like  Mitra.    One  worn  sp.    Catalina  Is.,  120  isa, 
102(1  Drillia,  reversed.     Catalina  Is.,  00  fm.,  living. 

470rt.  Clathurvlhi  ( large).     Sta..  Bai-b.,  20  fin. 

6(«.  ClathureUa,  15  fin.,  Sta.  Bai-b. 
18o2.  ?anthurella,iOiin. 
105.3.  ?Daphn<'lla,  CO  fin. 

419, 42f>.  Two  species  of  shells  resembling  Daphnella. 
10.J5.  ?£ela,  80  fm. 

42''a.  Man(/eh'a,  15  fm.,  Sta.  Barb. 

PtdTb.  Shape  of  Cithara,  without  ribs.     Catalina  Is.,  beach. 
1028.  "?Aclis,"  reversed.    One  sp.,  Cat.  Is.,  120  fm.     [The  figure  more  resembles 
a  young  Vermetid.] 

403.  "Cancel/aria  ?Tritoni(P,  Shy.     Agrees  with  Dr.  Newcomb's  specimen."    S. 

Diego,  one  dead  on  beach,  2 J  in.  long. 
817.  C'inoelUtria.     Fragment  of  a  second  sp'icies  ec^ually  large. 
10;%.  Siyareftis.     40  fm.,  dead,  Cat.  Is. 
10.")0.  Lnfnel/aiia.     10  fm.,  Sta.  Barbara. 
(385a.  404,  818.)  Xaticidce.    3  sp. 

101 


616  REPORT— 1863. 

Jf8.No.  . 

670.  PossiTdv  a  srnly  var.  of  MottiKeroa  etif/onattim  ;  like  the  Piirjnirn,  var.  itnhr%^ 

cnt(i,\)i  Kurope,  Idit  of  iliti'cit'iit  colnur  and  texture  ;  ?  —  sj,irattnn,  BlaiiiT. 
1001.  FifTure  re8ein})les  J  e.rUla  fiigvoliiieuta,  Pse.     Sandwich  Is. 

—  "  XaxMt,  smooth,  with  thick  lip."     Cat.  Is.,  30  fm.     [Comp.  in8culpt(L'\ 

—  'f Macron  Kilhttii.     Cat.  Is.,  dead,  in  00  iin. 

—  C'hn,x(>f]iiinn!<  'rtnbulatus.     Cat.  Is.,  120  fin.,  voung,  dead. 

—  Fiistit,  •'  like  t/eiiiriil».s,  Conr."     Farallones  is. 
411.    Trophoii,  like  miilficostatiis. 

5156.  Miiruiilea.  Cat.  Is.,  40  fm.  [The  yountr  shells  called  Trophon,  TijphU, 
&c.,  by  Dr.  Cooper  can  scarcely  be  identified  vsithout  a  series,  and  tiom 
tracings  onlv.] 

mM.?TyphU.     Sta.'Barb.,  15  fm. 

520.  Pferomitm  crntrifuipiH,  jun.     S.  Pedro :  rare  on  beach. 

'•'>^Ab.  Muncklen,  like  aheata.     Mont. — S.  Dienro. 

y5U.  ?Siph<j7Mliu.     Monterey,  Sta.  Barb.,  beach. 

In  Prof.  Whitney's  Preliminary  Report  on  the  Survey,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  p.  27, 
3f;iy  4th,  1S63,  he  states  ai)proximately  as  the  result  of  Dr.  Cooper's  mala- 
culojrical  labours,  up  to  the  close  of  1SG2  : — 

No.  of  species  in  the  collection SHij 

Of  which  pre  new  to  California,  and  Ijelieved  to  be  undescribed  ....   123 
Other  supposed  Califoruian  species  not  yet  collected 65 

In  a  Survey  conducted  with  such  cure,  even  negative  evidence  is  of  some 
importance,  though  not  conclusive.  Dr.  Cooper  has  not  been  able  to  obtain 
the  following  species  : — 

jyi'/ieina  Evnnsii. 

Strujilla  carntiria.     [Mr.  Xuttall's  specimens  were  probably  Atlantic] 

Venus  dispar. 

Trapezium  Calif nrnkimi.     '[^  =  Dvperryi,=  Gtiiniacvm.'] 

Lmina  bella.     [IVrhaps  =pictinata,  Cpr. ;  but  the  type  seems  lost.] 

Mitfliola  nitens.     [Probably  an  error  in  the  Cumingrian  label.l 

MytiluJi  (//oineratu,i,^^  =  e(htlis,\a.r.^'     [Perhaps  an  accidental  var.  from  being 

crowded  on  a  floatiny:  stick.] 
Sarbatia  pernoides.     [Very  probably  an  error  in  Dr.  Gould's  label.] 
Area  muliicostata.     "  Must  have  been  broug-ht  to  S.  Diego." 
J*ecten  purpuratus.      [Ascribed  to  the  fauna  from  abundant  valves  marked 
•  "  Cal."'  in  the  U.  S.  E.  E.  collections,  but  certainly  from  S.  America.     Dr. 

Cooper  has   unfortunately  not  been  able   to  discover  any  of  the  species 

de.scribed  by  Hds.] 
Hadius  variabilis.     "  Doubtless  exotic." 
Polinices  perspiciui.     "  Probably  Mexican." 
Hanella  triquetra.    "  Probably  Mexican."     [Guaymas.] 

105.  Having  now  presented  to  the  student  an  analysis  of  all  that  is  yet 
known  of  the  results  of  public  surveys,  it  remains  that  we  tabulate  what  has 
been  accomplished  by  private  enterprise.  Mr.  J.  Xantus,  a  Hungarian  gen- 
tleman in  the  employ  of  the  United  States  Coast  Survey  under  the  able 
direction  of  Professor  Bache,  was  stationed  for  eighteen  months,  ending  July 
1861,  at  Cape  St.  Lucas,  the  southern  point  of  the  peninsula  of  California. 
It  is  a  source  of  great  benefit  to  natural  science  that  the  Secretary  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  is  also  one  of  the  acting  members  of  the  Coast  Sun-ey 
Board ;  and  that  a  harmony  of  operations  has  always  existed  between  the 
directors  of  these  two  scientific  agencies  in  Washington.  The  publications 
of  the  Coast  Survey  have  earned  for  themselves  a  reputation  not  surpassed  by 
those  of  the  oldest  and  wealthiest  maritime  nations.  For  obtaining  data  on 
geographical  distribution,  Cape  St.  Lucas  was  a  peculiarly  valuable  station, 
being  situated  near  the  supposed  meeting-point  of  the  two  faunas  (v.  B.A. 

102 


ON   MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WE3T  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  617 

Kep.p.3o0);  and  also,  not  boinj?  a  place  of  trade,  or  even  an  inhabited  district, 
likely  to  be  free  from  human  importations,  although  we  should  be  prepan  d 
to  find  dead  exotics  thrown  ov  iis  shores  both  by  northern  and  by  tropical 
currents.  In  his  solitary  and  what  would  otherwise  have  been  monotonous 
life,  Mr.  Xantus  found  full  •mployment  in  assiduously  collecting  specimens 
ia  all  available  deiuirtmcnts  of  natural  historj- ;  having  received  ample  iii- 
etructions,  and  the  needtul  apparatus,  from  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
The  bulk  of  the  shells  at  first  received  from  him  were  worn  beach  njieci- 
niens ;  but  afterwards  several  epecies  were  preserved,  with  the  animals,  in 
alcohol.  Mr.  Xantus  generously  presented  the  first  seiics  of  the  molluscs  to  th(s 
i>iuithsonian  Museum,  reserving  the  .second  for  his  native  land.  The  fir>t 
'tvailable  duplicates  of  the  shells  not  occurring  in  the  Keigen  collection  will 
be  found  in  the  iJritish  Mumuui  or  in  the  Cumingian  cabinets*.  Although  the 
whole  series  would  liave  i(Aiud  little  favour  in  the  eyes  of  a  London  dealer  or 
a  drawing-room  collector,  it  proved  a  very  interesting  commentarj-  on  tha 
lleigen  and  Adams  Catalogues :  it  added  about  sixty  new  forms  to  the  accu- 
rately located  species  of  the  marine  fauna,  besides  confirming  many  others, 
which  rested  previously  on  doubtful  evidence;  and  disproved  the  intermixture 
of  northern  species,  which,  from  the  map  alone,  had  before  been  considered 
probable. 

The  collection  is  not  only  essentially  tropical,  but  contains  a  larger  propor- 
tion of  Central  American  and  Panama  .species  than  are  found  in  the  Ileigea 
Catalogue.  This  may  jiartly  be  due  to  the  accidents  o^  station,  and  paitly  to 
this  projecting  southern  peninsula  striking  the  equatorial  currents.  It  must 
also  be  remembered  that  the  Keigen  Catalogue  embraces  only  the  Liverpool 
division  of  his  collection  ;  and  that  many  more  species  may  have  existed  in 
that  portion  of  the  Havre  series  which  did  not  find  its  way  to  the  London 
markets.  Mr.  Xantus  also  obtained  indinduals  of  identical  species  from 
Margarita  Island,  and  a  series  containing  living  specimens  of  Purpura  pluno- 
spira  (only  thrown  up  dead  on  the  i)romontory),  from  Socorro  Island,  one  of 
the  Revilla-gigcdo  group.  A  very  few  specimens  of  Haliotis  and  of  Pacific 
shells  may  have  been  given  to  him  bj-  sailors  or  residents  :  they  were  not 
distinguished  from  his  own  series  in  opening  the  packages.  The  collection  is 
not  yet  com])lete.  In  consc(]uence  of  the  French  occupation  of  Mexico,  it 
was  with  difficulty  that  Mr.  Xantus  himself  "  ran  the  blockade"  at  Manza- 
nello  ;  and  he  was  compelled  to  leave  there  thirty-one  boxes  of  shells,  alco- 
holics, &c.,  subject  to  the  risks  of  war. 

The  Polyzoa  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  G.  Busk  for  examination, 
and  the  alcoholics  were  intrusted  to  Dr.  Alcock,  the  Curator  of  the  Manches- 
ter Natural  History  Society.     Neither  of  these  gentlemen  have  as  yet  been 

*  During  the  period  that  Mr.  Xantus  was  out  of  emplovnu-nt,  owing  to  the  deran£r'>- 
ments  of  the  war,  a  portion  of  the  duphcates  were  offered  for  sale,  and  will  be  found  ia 
some  of  the  ^principal  culiections. 

103 


8. 
9. 

10. 

314. 

11. 
12. 
13. 

14. 

315. 

lo. 

474. 

10. 

«» 

513  REPORT— 18C3. 

aMe  to  report  POTiromin":  thrm.     The  first  notice  of  the  shells  appoftT*  in  the 
Proc   Ac.  Nnt.  Sc.  Philailcliihia,  Dec.  Isoit,  pp.  'XM,  'Xi'J.     Tlie  new  t])e(ie9 
are  descrilx-d  in  the  '  Anuals  and  Magaziue  of  Nat.  Hist.,'  1864,  vols.  xlii.  and 
xiv.,  as  follows  : — 
A.  N.  H.  Vol.  XIII. 

1.  311.     Ai^fhenothiprii*  rillnm>r,  n.ir.     1  living  sp.  and  fragm. 

2.  ,,        Siilfinifa  rnlviihis.     1  liviiisr  "p. 

8.        ,,  Ti'//iiiti  ( Pfronr/'iHlerma)  (xhracra.     1  sp. 

4.  312.  I'liiniiiwhifi  (YAmpfiirhfftui)  ref/ulan'it.     Valves. 

6.  „  Cii//isfii  pollirinis.     1  s]).,  liviny:  (  =  C.  prora,  vnr..  teste  Rve.,  C.  I.  f.  4fi), 
&      „  Ciillistu  I'rpatiiio^a.  var. )  purlin.      Exti-eiuely  atfiindant,  livintr.     Al-o 

Acapulco,  Jrireff.      (N'erv  variable,  yet  always   differing  from  the 
typical  Soutli  American  shell.-*. ) 

7.  313.     Liocnidiion  iipkiniim.    E.vtremely  abmidant,  living.    Ako La  I'az;  Aca- 
pulco, Jen-ftf. 

Lncina  fittf/uu/i.i.     Extremely  abundant,  valves. 

?Vrei)fll4i  iiiftafa.  Valves ;  verv  rare.   (An  abeirant  form.)  Also  Panama, 

C.li.Ad 
Brt/tiphi/'i  Kftimn.  n.jr.     Abundant:  living  among  sea-weed,  on  Purpura 

plano^inra.     Also  Oalil'Drnia,  Cimfier. 
?At;iii  v(i*t(i.     Kare  :  allied  to  Cif/ichtia. 
IxchiwvliittiH  ptiralMii.<.     l{are  ;  living. 
Isc/i/wc/tifun  (rvar. )  prasiittitiig.     1  living  sp.     Possibly  a  form  ofparal- 

ItchKochifon  xerrattix.     1  living  sp.,  like  Elenentts, 
XiiceUu  pelt(iideg.=  XaceVa,  sp.  ind..  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  202. 
AniKPd  (^var. )  atrota.      Interiiicdiate  between  P.  discurs,  Phil.,  and  P, 
Jloccatiu  live.     Also  La  I'az,  Margarita  Pay. 
17.       jj        AcDuea  xfrit/if/fita.     Intermediate  in  characters    and   station    between 

A.  patina  an<l  A.  meMi/eiica.     Also  Maryarita  Bay. 
G/i/p/iis  xutiinmlii.     Not  uncommon  ;  living. 

Eiicoamid  rarici/dta.    (  Probably  a  subgenus  of  PhasianeUa.)  Rare,  dead. 
Eiicoxniia  {'rrfiriei/tita, var.)  sub-itriata.     Very  rare. 
Eucimmin  pmwtafd.     1  sp. 
Eiicosmia  ci/cloKti>ma.     1  sp. 

IlapUicochliiit  ojirh>phi>rem,  n.  g.  (PRelated  to  Ethulia. )  Very  rare,  dead. 
Xarica  ajmin.     1  sp. 
Eiitaariis  fxircipicfit.f.     3  sp. 
/o.«.«rt/-?M  piinrx.     1  sp. 

Litorinn  piit7nfa,=  lAtorina,  sp.  ind.,  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  .^09.     Abundant. 
Zitnn'na  (P/n'/ippii,  var.)  2)enicillata.    Like  the  W.  Indian  L.  [zivzuc,  var.) 

li/ieafd.     Abimdant. 
Itixiiia  alholirnfa.     1  sp. 
Fenelln  cnt«taUinn.     1  sp. 

?  iri/tlrohia  cnmjmcta.     May  be  a  Barleeia.     1  sp. 
Hi/dln  rotumhita.     1  sp. 
?I)ia/a  eledrinn.     1  sp. 

Acirm  [teste  A.  Ad.]  menei^fwide-t.     1  sp.  • 

Ci/thita  nsteridphild.     Imbedded  in  a  staur-fish,  like  StyUna.    1  living  sp. 
Bittium  nitens.     1  sp. 

Manqelia  guhdiaphnna.     1  sp. 

DriUin  apprexsa.     1  sp. 

Ciffidra  fiiscmiofata.     Very  rare. 

Obeli.icun  rnrieqatus.     2  worn  sp.      Described  fiom   a  iiesh  Guavnutf 

shell,  Mus.  Cal.  Ac. 
(Oihuttomia)  Evalen  (Pfvixciilpta.     1  ep. 
iO(ltmtomid)  Evalea  delicntida.     1  sp. 
ChrymlUda  amjusta.     1  sp. 

104 


ix. 

475. 

lt>. 

20. 

21. 

•» 

22. 

470. 

24. 
2'>. 

If 

2';. 

477. 

1'7. 

28. 

31. 

478. 

32. 
.33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 

»1 

Vol.  XIV. 

.S7 

45 

.TO. 

40 

«>. 

•• 

•*0. 

» 

41. 
42. 

47. 

43. 

19 

ON  MOT-LUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


6i» 


A.  N  H.  Vol.  XIV. 
Bp.    P«;;e. 


44. 
45. 


47. 


46. 

47. 

4S. 
40. 
50. 
51. 
62. 


tf 


48. 


49. 


Eiilima  fuKoxtrigata.     1  sp. 

Opuliti  crfiiiihiiili-K.     1  niTt.'ct  and  a  few  nibbed  specimens.     Tlii'',  nnd 

th',' Santa  IJai'bara  fiissil,  O.'fMiT.  i/iKcuJpfn,  a.rk'  sn  c'lns>'  to  tlie  I'or- 

tiijrtif.sf  ().  rreiKtUi,  tliat  iiilditioaal  8ut'(iiu»'n.'<  nia\  .'onn<-ct  tlifiii. 
Tniiiciiria  fxrytnitle.i.     Com-aon;    rubbed.      Also   Guocouiayo,   in  the 

Siiiitli.'^onitiii  Museum. 
Sitfrum  ( 'fiK-hrwitoma,  var.)  rufintotnfiim ;  connected  with  type  by  a  few 

iiiti'i-int'diiitH  spcciincas.     llare  ;  dead. 
?.yi'ii/ri'!a  iiii/feitinw'ata.    Al.soGuacouiayo,  Mus.  Smiths.  Vtry  rare, dead. 
NifnJrlla  (friisilinedtii.     Very  rare  ;  dead. 
?A/iac/iis  tiiictd.      1  sp. 
AiKichU  fii<c')!<tritialii.  I  sp. 
I'i.sd/tia  elald.     A  lew  worn  specimens ;  like  Pertsternia,  without  plait. 

The  fnllowinj^  table  contains  the  species  previou.sly  described,  with  the  ad- 
dition of  the  other  localities  in  which  thcj*  are  known  to  occur.  The  nurabera 
in  the  fir.st  column  are  tho.se  in  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams's  Panama  Cataloj^ue  :  a 
P  in  the  same  column  signifies  that  the  species  has  been  found  at  Panama 
by  other  collectors.  The  second  column  contains  the  shells  of  La  Paz,  col- 
lected by  Major  Rich  and  others,  and  are  marked  by  an  italic  P.  In  the 
third  column,  A  shows  that  the  shell  has  been  found  at  Acapulco,  on  j^ood 
authority ;  and  C,  that  it  is  known  at  other  stations  on  the  Central  American 
coast.  The  fourth  column  exhibits  the  corresponding  numbers  of  the  species 
in  the  B.  M.  Tloigon  Catalogue;  and  G  shows  that  the  shell  has  been  found 
in  the  Gulf  district  by  other  collectors.  In  the  fifth  column,  Cal.  stands 
for  Upper,  and  L  for  Lower  California ;  Marg.  for  Margarita  Bay,  Gal.  for 
the  Galapagos,  E  for  Ecuador  and  the  tropical  shores  of  S.  America,  and  WI 
for  the  West  Indies.  The  sixth  column  continues  the  numbering  of  the 
species  from  the  list  in  the  '  Annals.' 


Pan. 
Cat. 

U  Aca- 
I'az.  pui. 

Cat. 

Other 
habiUta. 

No. 

List  of  Cape  St  Lucas  Shells. 

.-)17 

A 

14 

E 

53 

Discina  Cnmiiujii.     On  Aldrf/aritiphora. 

P 

22 

E 

'"4 

Gastrochann  ocata.     In  Spoiufi/liis. . 

A 

23 

Marg. 

5.-) 
56 

Sd.iicava  phuladis.     In  S/K»id;/lds. 
Eucharis,  sp.  ind.     1  dead  valve,  resembling 
Inilian  species. 

W 

P 

35 
G 

57 

58 

Sf,h(etiia  ffdA/ilis.    In  Spondt/ltm. 
TItracia  sqiuimosa.     1  broken  pair. 

P 

L 

oU 

Thracia      (Ci/atJtodonta)     plicata     {"?~truncaM\ 

Migh.").     Isp.Jun. 

P 

G 

60 

Lyoiisia  infldta.     1  sp. 
Li/oHSia  jncUi.     1  valve. 

36 

E 

61 

403 

P 

C 

55 

62 

tellina  Cinningii.     1  pair. 

4i«t 

A 

E 

6:3 

TelUna  nihascem  \_  =  Ilanieyi].     Smashed  va»Te 

^ 

472 

64 

Stri;iillu  sincera.     1  valve. 

A 

67 

65 

Sli-iijillu  lentictda.     Valves. 

P 

66 

Lutricola  viridotincta.     2  valves. 

485 

41 

67 

Semek  bicolor.     Valves. 

G 

Marg. 

68 

Semele  Californica,  var.     Valves, 

40 

L 

60 

Sernefe  ^aresceiis.     Rare. 

431 

A 

43 

E 

70 

Cuminijia  trii/onularis,  jun.     In  Spiwdi/l»$. 

473 

P 

A 

\VI 

71 

!ht'::  ,ido/ia.v  bnuaculatua.    Abundant ;  normal, 
numerous  vai's. 

and 

105 


6:'0 


BEPORT — 1863. 


cZ'. '. 

1 

I^a  'Aea-'  Mm. 
Piiz.ipul.i  Cat. 

_    1         1 

Other 
hab.tatJ. 

No. 

List  of  Cape  St.  Loca*  ShelVi. 

1       1 

1 

1 

A 

756 

(Mar. ) 

72    Dona.r,  var.  cd-latiis.     Valves.                                    ! 

1 

76 

73 

Dona.r  ?  C  ^iradi,  jun. 

4.-,(5 

C 

77 

L 

74 

Doua.r  ?iiavictil(i,  jua. 

•l'J3 

P 

c 

80 

75 

Mil/ ill  ia  atifiiihita.     Valves. 

F 

79 

WI 

76 

atniiddla  }'raf/ilis.      1   sp.  living,  and  xiamen}as 
adult  valves. 

440 

P 

c 

83 

E 

77 
78 

Trii/oiia  rarliaf a,  jnn. 

Triyona  nitidida]  Sby.      Several  living  sp.  agri^e 

evnctly  with   Sby.'s  figure.      [Perhaps  Lam."s 

Mediterranean  shell  is  different.] 

448 

c 

90 

E 

79 

Dosinia  Diinheri.     Rare. 

P 

88 

E.Mar. 

80 

Dosi'iiia  pondrrom.     Several  pairs  [\\m.=distans]. 

444 

A 

92 

81     Callkta  autnntia. 

447 

P 

A 

93 

E.Mar. 

82    CullUta  chiottcea. 

C 

9(> 

Marg-. 

83 

CaUitta  viihientta.     Living,  and  dead  valves. 

98 

E 
L 

84 
85 

CaHiifa  (i-var.)  a'ternuta.     1  living. 

Aminiitis  cnUom.     Rare,  living  [=  C Mo6i7js,Rve.]. 

P 

G 

L.Mar. 

86 

Chione  mwcincta.     Very  rare. 

P 

c 

E 

87 

Chioiie  pidicaria,  var.  lilacina.     Valves,  abundant. 

P 

A 

E 

88 

Chione  netilecta.     Livin<r  and  valves. 

106 

886   Chkme  imdatvllu-\-\-AX.  hilineuta,  Rve.  (pars).  Veryl 

rare.     [  Probaljl y  =  iii-i/lecta,  var.  ] 

435 

P 

C 

113 
111 

E 

89 
9!) 

A'lciiudociirdid  stihiiuhrivata.     Valves. 
Tupe^  squamom.     1  sp. 

P 

A 

24 

E 

91 

Petricoln  rohiista.     In  Spondi/lus. 

27 

i'2    Pupellnn'd  UnfiuafcUs. 

117 

E 

93  :  Craxfdfella  vnnm^.    I.ivinir.    Large  and  abundant. 

492 

C 

E 

94    Crussatellu  i;ibho-sa.     Valves. 

P 

c 

118 

95 
96 

Lnzaria  Cdlifornica.     Very  rare. 
Vviwricdrdid  crds-'^a.     i  valve. 

405 

c 

1216 

97 

Chdiiid  JiiiddidHd,  jun.     On  syenitic  rock. 

407 

A 

121 

E 

98 

Chnina  echinntd,  I3rod.     Living,  from  Socon'O  Is. 

P 

c 

121 

Marg. 

986 

Chama  frondosa,  var. 

123 

L 

IK) 

Chditid  ?e.vQriyra.     Worn  valves. 

P 

A 

122 

Gal. 

100 

Cliama  spiiiosa.     1  sp. 

P 

A 

E 

101 

Cardium  cotigors.  ^^alves.  (Very  fine  at  Acapulco.) 

4;33 

C 

125 

E.Mar. 

102 

Curdiiim  procertim.     Valves. 

434 

126 

E 

103 

Cdvdiiim  senfic  smn.     Valves. 

P 

P 

A 

L 

104 

Ilemirardium  bianijulatmn.     Valves. 

P 

C 

136 

WI 

105 

Coddliia  tiyerrina.     Living,  very  large,  and  young 
valves.     [Of  the  Pacific  Is.  type.] 

P 

137 

Pads. 

106 

Coddkin  ? punctata,  jun. 

P 

P 

A 

147 

E 

107 

Lucina  ehiirnea.     Living,  rar5. 

P 

A 

C 

140 

145 

14;J 

G 

108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 

Lucina  e.vcavata.     1  valve. 

Lucina  prolonifata.     Valves, 

Lucina  cancellaris.     Valve. 

Diplodonta  svhquadrata.     1  sp. 

Jh'plodonttt  calculus.     Several  living  sp. 

Miltha  Childreni.  [A  few  fresh  specimens  comrt 
the  habitat  "  Brazil,"  pre^-iously  assigned  to  this 
extremely  rare  and  remarkable'  shell,  wliich  ap- 
pears to  be  a  gigantic  Felania.'\ 

P- 

A 

153 

114 

Kcllin  mihorbietdaris.     In  Spondylus. 

A 

154 

115 

LdKea  rubra.     6  sp.  living. 

P 

C 

167 

116 

MytihiH  palhnpunctatv^.     Fragment. 

P 

P 

A 

168 

117 

Mytihis  multiformis.     Abundant. 

P 

169 

118 

SeptifiT  Cvminyianus.     Common. 

106 


Oy  MOLLUSCA  OF  lUE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH   AMERICA. 


621 


Pan.  1  La 
Cat.  ;P»/ 

I ...     .1         ' 

Aca-  Maz.  i     Other 
pui.    eat.   hall  tats. 

No. 

Liat  of  Cape  St.  Lncss  Shells. 

t 

P 

A 

170!L.Mar. 

119 

Mod'Ola  capa.v.     A  few  living:  sp.  "  Gal."  [?J. 

A    172 

Gal. 

120 

Crcuvlla  coarctafa.     In  Spomhjhis, 

p 

A  j  176 

121 

Lithophaijus  aristatus.     In  Spondylns. 

p 

A  1 175 

122 

Lithophaifus  plumula.     In  Spondylm. 

P 

C 

181 

123 

Area  multicostata.    Adult  ralves,  and  jun.  living. 

p 

C 

189 

E 

124 

liijssoarca  Pacificn.     Kare. 

418 

4 

iM       E     1 

125 

liymiarca  miitabiHs.     Valve. 

420 

P 

102 

E 

120 
127 

Bnrhatia  Peeviana.     Valves. 
liarhatia  vcspcrtilin.     Valves. 

424 

c 

193 

128 

liarbatia  ilhta.     Valve. 

428 

P 

195 

E 

129 

liarbittia  solida.     Hare. 

410 

A 

194  E.Mfir. 

1:50 

Barhatia  gradata.     Valve. 

P 

: 

G 

(59(5 

131 
132 

Axiiuea  giijantea.     Lfirge  valves,  and  jun.  living. 
A.rinaa,  sp.  ind. 

201 

E 

1.3:] 

Pimm  lanceolata.     Fragment. 

395 

2!M) 

1:',4 

Pinna  maura.     1  sp.,  jun. 
Pinna  niijosa.     lsp.,jun. 

P 

P 

A 

202 

1.'.5 

391 

P 

C 

2J4 

E 

l:]0 
137 

Margaritiphorajimbriata.     Living. 
Avicula  Perttviana.     Valves. 

393 

P 

A 

205 

200 

1.39 

Isognomon  Chemnitzianus.     Common,  living. 
Isognomon  Janus.     4  sp.  living.      [One  has  close 

ligament-pits,  passing  into  costellatus,  just  as  no. 

1:58,  var.  passes  into  incisus.] 

P 

A 

G 

E 

140 

Pecfen  subnodosm.     Several  valves,  and  1  living. 
[P.  intermedia  is  only  a  var.  of  this  species.] 

387 

P 

A 

207 

E.Mar. 

141 

Pecten  letUricosus.     Valves.     [The  young  is   I'. 

circular  is,  Sby.,  pars.] 
Jnnira  dentata.     \  ery  plentiful. 

P 

G 

142 

P 

. 

143 

Lima  tetrica.    1  living,  and  valves  [=sZ.  sywawiosff, 
teste  Cuming.  W.  I.,  Mediter.,  Pac.  Is.]. 

390 

Gal. 

144 

Lima  arcuata.    1  fresh  pair.  [Can  hardly  be  separa- 
ted from L.fragilis,  Gal.,  Pac.  Is., in  Mu^. Cum.l 

385 

208 

145 

Spondghts  catcifer.     Valves.     Eed  var.,  and  speci- 
men changing  into  purple. 

3o6 

C 

210 

146 

Plicattda  penieillata.     1  sp.  on  Fusciolaria. 

381 

A 

211 

147 

Ofitrea  iridescens.     A  fcvv  living. 

383 

P 

212 

Marg. 

148 

Ostrea  ?  Virginica,  jun. 

213 

E 

149 

Oitrea  Columbiensis.     Valves. 

384 

P 

215 

■ 

Marg. 
Cal. 

1.50 
151 
152- 
150 

Ostrea  amara.     On  Pomaidax. 

Caculina  ?tekmus.     Fragment.     (Pelagic.) 

[  [Nudibranchs  and  Aphjsia.    Not  yet  determined.] 

321 

P 

A 

224 

E 

157 

Bulla  Adamsi,  and  var.     Common. 

225 

L 

158 

Bidla  nebulosa.     Rare. 

A 

220 

L.Gal. 
L 

159 
ItiO 

Bidla  Quogi.     Very  rare. 

Haminea  nesinda.    I'lentiful,  living. 

229 

PL 

101 

Ilaminea  cgmbiformis.    1  sp.     [Closely  related  to 
JL  virescens.] 

240 

Marg. 

102 

Siphonarin  eequilirata.    Dead.                              [ful. 

P 

A 

239 

10:5 
104 

Sip/hinaria  lecanium,  with  var. palmata,  &c.   Plenti- 
Onchidium  Carpe^iteri.     Very  rare. 

235 

L.Cal. 

U'.5 
ItMV- 
172 

Milampus  olivaceus.     Rare. 

(  [The  rest  of  the  Pulmonates  will  be  tabulated 

(       afterwards,  vide  p.  0;J0.] 

lanthina  decollata.     Very  rare. 

243 

173 

L 

174 

Isrhnochiton  Magdalensis.   Large  and  highly  sculp- 
tured.    Very  rare. 

107 


62? 


RiroRT— ieG3. 


Pan. 
Cat. 

La    Aca- 
Paz.  pul. 

1  Maz  1    Uth.T    ;   Xo 
Cat.  1  habiuifs.: 

List  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  sliells. 

c 

2.^)2 
2.")(i 

■2r,s 

E 

175 
170 
177 

L'K-huochiluii  liiiKirifonitis.     2  apt  L-iiatns. 

lachnotliiton  Ikniiii.     1  i=p. 

At-aiithocliitei  amii/oiiitfS.     A  few  living  sp. 

c 

2(51 

17N 

Patcllii  di.scorK.     Dead. 

A 

200 

179 

PaUlla  pedu-ulus.     Dead. 

2C)4 

Marp:. 

180 

Acinfrafa'iciciihiris.     Abundant,  living. 

20S 

181 

Anna  a  vtihlla.  inn. 

P 

A 

273 

Gal. 

182  ^  Fiti^Ki-elld  ni(/».s(i,  Jan.    [A  var.  is  first  black,  witli 
two  wliite  ruyis:  afterwards  cliantres  tn  wliitish. 

3.57 

C 

274 

183  Fmurdla  microtrema.      Common.       [I'aaaes  into 

riu/osa.l 

184  Fisxto-illa  nif/rori'ncin.     1  young  sp. 

P 

A 

279 

E 

185    (lli/pJiis  tuffr/ioilis.     Rare. 

) 

281 

L.  Cal. 
L.  Cal. 

L 

L.  Cal. 

18(5 
I.S7 

188 

lf9 

liO 

Pimii/a  Muzatlauica.     2  sp. 

llaliotis  Cracherodii.     (Turtle  Bay.) 

Ilaliiith  splcmh'iin.     (Margarita  Island,  with  4, 5, 

and  0  holes.) 
Callopoma  Fokhesii.     Dead. 
Pomwda.r  lotdo^it-s.     Fresh,  with  Gulf  Polyzoa. 

P 

C 

280 

191 

Uvanilla  olivacva.     Dead. 

A 

288 

192 

Uvdiiilla  unf/in's.     Dead. 

289 

Marf^. 

193 

Calliostoina  e.vimium.     Dead. 

274 

P 

194 

Omiihaliun  corontdatus.     Dead  ;  not  unoommon. 

203 

295 

195 

Vitrinella  Panameiisis.     1  sp.  oft"  Spvudyliis. 

.•',04 

p 

A 

.320 

Marsr. 

190 

Nerita  scabricoda.     Abundant. 

305 

P 

C 

327 

E.Mar. 

197 

Xerita  Benihardi.     Abundant. 

3.30 

P 

A 

;U3 

KMar. 

198 

Cnicihuhnn  imbricatum.     Dead. 

3.37 

p 

A 

344 

K.Mar. 

199 

Cnwibidinn  spinosum.     Dead. 

.344 

p 

A 

:334 

E.  Cal. 

200 

Cremdidn  acideata.    Dead.    West  and  East  Indies. 

P 

A 

E.Mar. 

201 

Crejndiila  ?arenata,  jun.  * 
Crepidida  e.icav(Ua,  jun.  et  var.* 

.345 

A 

.337 

C.Mar. 

202 

.340 

P 

.340 

E.Mar. 

203 

Crepidida  onjfx.     Dead. 

32S 

p 

A 

.347 

E 

204 

Hipponyx  atUiqxatus.     Dead. 

.327 

A 

.349 

205 

Hipponifx  barbatm.     Pacific  Is.     Fresh  sp. 

.329 

P 

A 

3.-)0 

Gal. 

200 

..lipponyx  Grayanus.     Rare. 

323 

p 

A 

355 

207 

208 

Aletes  cmtiqiiadrus.     On  Maryaritiphora,  &c. 
Bivonia  cotUorta.     Frequent,  on  shells. 

A 

359 

209 

Petaloconchm  macrophntt/ina.    Frequent,  on  shell>. 

P 

.307 

L 

210 
211 

Spiroylyphm  lituella.     On  Purpura  planospira  ami 

muricata,  from  Socorro  Is. 
Cacum  subi'mpressum.     Very  rare. 

P 

A 

380 

212 

Turritella  tiyrina  et  var.  Cumitujii. 

p 

213 

Tmritella  smuptinea.     (Whirls  not  shouldered.) 

193 

P 

A 

.381 

Gal. 

214 

Cerithium  tnaculomim  and  dwai-f  var.,  like  mediv- 
fo?)'e.     Abundant. 

190 

p 

A 

.383 

215 

Cerithium.  uncinafum.     Common ;  dead. 

200 

P 

A 

387 

G.Mar. 

210 

Cerithium  stercus  muscarum.     Rare  ;  dead. 

P 

A 

.'588 

Gal. 

217 

Cerithium  interruptum,  Mke.     Common. 

197 

P 

A 

389 

Marg. 

Mara;. 

?E.Mr. 

218 
219 

Rhinoclavis  yemmata.     Rare. 
Pyrnzu«  iiicixus.     Rare. 

?206 

395 

220 

Cerithidea  Mazatlnnica.    Dead. 

*  A  difficulty  attends  the  identification  of  young  gpecimens  of  these  rare  species,  no 
eeries  haying  yet  been  obtained.  "  C.  excavata,  var.,"  in  Mus.  Cum.  is  exactly  interme- 
diate between  the  two.  The  young  of  excavata  has  a  large  swelling  umbo  projecting  b«!yond 
the  margin ;  the  umbo  in  "  ?  var."  has  the  margin  spreading  round  it,  fts  in  onyx,  jun., 
and  ia  consequence  appears  turned  in  the  contrary  direction.  The  umbilicus  above  tlia 
dtsck  exists  in  both  forms ;  but  it  is  not  an  abiulutely  coustuut  ciiiuatter,  uvtiu  iu  aduiwot 

108 


ox  MOLLVSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Gfl3 


Pan.  ]  La  Aca- 
Cuu  ira*.  pui.j 

Mae. , 

Cat.  ' 

Other 
habitats. 

No.! 

list  of  Cape  8t  Lucas  Shells. 

•232 

1 

c! 

.307 

Maig. 

221 

Liforiiia  ayma.     \>ny  rare. 

2U 

P 

0 

olKJ 

222 

Litorina  contpersa.  Cuiumon.  A  distorted  ."specimen 
has  a  Lacunoid  chink :  another  a  Xa.ssoii  sliape. 

P 

.srw 

28/!. 

Litoriiia  Philippii.    Rare:   v.  anted,  y&x. penicillatd 

273 

P 

401 

E 

223 

Modiihm  cntenulatuK,  jun. 

244 

224 

Pisxotnajinuafa.     Hare. 

24.-, 

225 

Pisioina  fortis.    Very  rare. 

A 

408 

226 

Pi-m>ina  sfn'cta.     Rare. 

243 

227 

Pissoina  claniiestina.     Dead. 

247 

228 

Pusoina  iiifreqnens.     Dead.  worn. 

240 

414 

220 

Alvania  tumida.     1  sp.,  ott  Upoiidylua, 

C 

417 
411 
422 

L 

230 
231 
2:52 

Barlreia  siibtenim.     1  sp. 
Barleeia  lirata.     1  sp. 
(jeniiUa,  sp.     1  sp. 

420 

L 

2:53 

Jefrei/xia  Ahkri.     1  sp. 

410 

2-34 

Jtffreif.iia  hifanciata.     Very  rare. 

425 

235 

Alaba  supralirata.     Not  uncounnon. 

427 

2.36 

Alaha  tcnbralis.     1  dead,  broken  sppcimen. 

A 

424 

237 

Planans  niip-ifella.     Dead  ;  some  of  the  specimen> 
may  be  a  dwarf  form  of 

42 

2376 

Pla  11  a.  vis  ?  plan  icostata. 

4 

4.35 

?L 

2.38 

Radius  variabilis.     1  sp. 

0 

P 

A 

4:38 

E 

239 

Aricia  arabiciila.     Very  rare. 

8 

P 
P 
P 

C 

E 

240 
241 
242 

Alicia  punctidnta.     Very  rare. 
Luponia  Soicerhi/i.     1  li-s-in<^  and  several  -vrom. 
Luponia  alhn;/inosa.     Dead  ;  plentiful. 
[  Cypraa  tigris   and   Ptcrnceras  kimbis ;  doubtless 
received  "through  traders.] 

9 

P 

A 

4.39 

24:3 

Trivia  pu.it  uh  fa.     Dead. 

10 

P 

A 

440 

Gal.  E. 

244 

Trivia  radians ;  intermediate  specimens  towards 

P 

P 

A 

441 

245 

Trivia  Solandri.     Dead. 

P 

A 

Gal. 

246 

Trivia  Pacifica.     1  sp. 

12 

P 

A 
A 

442 

E 

247 
248 

Trivia  sanfjuinea.     Dead. 

Erato  Maiu/erifP.      [Exactly  like  the  W.  Indian 
specimens  :  also  Crag  fossil,  teste  S.  Wood.] 

13 

A 

GulfE 

249 

Erato  scabriuscida.     Rare. 

122 

C 

447 

2."jO 

Sfrombiis  ffalcatiis,  jun.     1  sp. 

124 

P 

A 

448 

Gal.E 

251 

Strombus  (framdatus.     ^Vbuudant ;  dead. 

12.5 

P 

449 

•  E 

252 

Strombus  gracilior.     1  dead  specimen. 

P 

C 

2.53 

Subuln  strif/ata.     2  dead  specimens. 

c 

454 

E 

2.54 

Siibtda  ?  luetuosa,  jun. 

P 

A 

455 

2.55 

Eiinita  fulqvrata.     Dead. 

A 

4oC 

E 

2,56 

Euryta  acicidafa.    Dead. 

C 

257 

Tercbra  lingualis.     1  sii. 

P 

G 
450 
452 

2*58 
2.59 
260 

Myurella  varieyata.    Very  rare. 
Myurella  alhocincta.     1  dead  specimen. 
Myurella  subnodosn.     1  dead  specimen. 

P 

C 

457 

261 

Pleurotoma  funicidata.     Rare;  dead. 

183 

mi 

4(55 

E 

2(52 
263 

DriUia  aterrima.     Rare ;  and  var.  Melchersi. 
DrUlia  albovallosa.     1  sp.,  dead. 

467 

E 

2(54 

Drillia  lucttiosa.     1  sp.,  dead. 

P 

A 

265 
266 

DriUia  maura,  Val.     Fragment. 

Daphnella  casta.    1  sp.    [Ciarser  strife  than  W.  I. 

species,  but  scarcely  di  tiers  from  crebriplicata, 

Kve.,  "  Philippines.''] 
Cithara  utromboides      1  sp.     [Probably=<r»<tmi, 

A 

• 

267 

Kien.] 

109 


C24. 


RErORT — 1S03. 


[  Pan. 
Cat. 


La  |Aca-  Maz. 
Paz.  1  puL  i  Cat. 


Other 
habitats. 


No. 


List  of  Cape  St  Lucas  Shells. 


117 
113 
ll8 
114 
116 

118 
P 

270 


2o4 
227 


194 

207 
208 

P 
295 

P 


302 


14G 

66 

112 
111 
110 


131 
132 

151 

18 

19 
20 

P 

14 


P 
P 


C 
A 


476 

480 
481 

G 


489 
501 
507 
518 
519 
524 
532 
563 
557 
391 

570 


570 


G 

G 

G 

577 

579 

G 

G 
G 


E 
Gal.  E 


Gal. 


582 
584 


586 
G 

589 

587 


E 


L 

L 


Gal. 


E 


Gal. 

Mar''. 

E 


E.Mar, 

Gal. 
Gal. 


Gal. 
E 


Gal.  E 
E 


268 
269 
270 
271 
272 

273 
274 

275 

276 
277 
278 
279 
280 
281 
282 
283 
284 
285 
286 
287 
288 
269 


290 
291 


292 
293 
294 
295 
296 

297 

298 
299 
300 


301 
.302 
303 

304 
305 
306 

307 
308 
309 
310 
311 


Conns  princfjn.     Dead. 

Conm  brtmneus.     Dead. 

Conns pitrpinascens  and  Tar.  regalitalis.     Dead. 

Conus  gladiator.     Dead. 

Contts    mi.v  et  rar.  piisilliis   [Gld.   non   Chem.] 
Living;  plentiful. 

Conus  scalarts.     1  sp.,  dead. 

Comis  tornatm.     Rare,  dead. 

Solarium  granulation,  and  'f  var,  quadriceps.  Com- 
mon. 

Odostomia  ? straminea.     1  sp. 

Syrnola  lamdJatn.    1  .«p.,  oti"  Spondylus. 

Oscilla  e.i'aratn=.tereh('llum.     1  sp. 

ChrysaUida  communi<.    1  sp.,  oil"  Spondylus. 

Chemnifzin  Panamen-sis.     Very  rare. 

Chemnitzia  Adnmsi.     1  sp.,  off  Sponrlylits. 

Chemnifzia  prolonyata.     1  sp.,  off  Sjwndyfus. 

Chvmnitziajlavesccns.     1  sp.,  o^  Spondylus. 

Cerithiopsis  amniilata.     1  sp., off  Spondylus. 

Cerithiopsis  tubcrculoides.     1  sp. 

Triforis  alternatus.     1  sp.,  off  Spondylus. 

Scalaria  ?  tiara.     1  sp. 

Natica  maroccana.     Com.  W.  Afr. ;  ?  Pacific  I' 

Natica  zonaria.  Common.  Operc.  (frooved  as  in 
caurena  \^=^(dapapiliunis,  var.,  teste  Rve. :  uon 
Chem.]. 

Natica  cafcnafa.    Common. 

Polinices  uher.  Common.  [The  young  shells  go 
through  all  shapes,  from  globose  to  pointed. 
Operc.  thin,  light  gi'een,  horny.] 

P, Unices  of  is  et  \  ar.  f'lisca.     Rare ;  dead. 

Polinices  hifasviata.     Living;  rai'e. 

Xeverita  gluuca.     1  sp. 

Lnmellaria,  sp.  ind.     1  sp. 

Fictda  vnntricosa.  Not  uncommon.  Animal  pre- 
served of  both  sexes,  and  of  surpassing  beauty 

Malea  ringens.    1  dead  sp.    [Fossil,  Atlautic  shores, 
Neivberry.'\ 

Oniscia  tuberculosa.     Very  rare* 

Lo-enia  coai   'ata.     Very  rare. 

Bezuardica  abbreviata.  1  living,  with  verv  small 
normal  operculum.  Common  ;  dead.  [Varies 
greatly  in  form  and  sculpture,  like  the  Texan 
"  analogue,"  which  may  be  con'<pecitic.] 

Triton  lestitus.  Isp.  [Scarcely differs  from /jffertm.] 

Eanella  crflata.    1  sp.,  dead. 

Ranella  Californica.  Very  rare.  Grows  4  inches 
long. 

iMtirus  ceratus.     2  dead  sp. 

Fasciolarin  princeps.     2  dead  sp. 

Mitra  crenata,  Rve.,  teste  Dohm.     1  sp.     [?  =  nK- 

cleola.l 
Mitra  suiitaria,  C.  B.  Ad.     1  sp. 
Striyatflla  tristis.     Rare. 

yEneta  harpa.     1  sp. 

Vohdella  margaritula.     Off  Spondyhts ;  common. 

Marginella  minor.    ( Jff  Spondylus ;  rare. 

no 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


625 


1 

Pan.     La  Aca-  Maz.  |    Othpr 
Cat    Paz.  pul.  i  Cat.  , habitats. 

;               1         ' 

No. 

list  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells. 

A 

312 

Volimina  varia.  Kare.  [Cannot  be  distinguished 
from  some  W.  I.  specimens.] 

A 

?WI 

313 
314 

Persicula  iinbncafa.  1  sp.  [Can  scarcely  be  sepa- 
rated from  inf ernipta,  jun.     Also  Ciuacomayo.] 

Persicula  phryfiia.  Kare.  [Clo.sely  allied  to  fru- 
menlum.      Differs  from  the  W.  I.   saflittatu  by 

having  the  painting  in  loops  instead  of  ziofzag, 

and  an  orange  callosity  over  the  simken  spire, 

bordered  by  a  spotted  sutural  line.] 

30 

P 

G 

Marg. 

315 

Oliva  porphyria.     1  sp. 

?33 

P 

A 

591 

316 

Oliia  Mekhersi,  vsu".     Rare. 

P 

:''592 

Marg. 

317 

Oliva  subangukita.  Very  common,  dead.  [This 
species,  very  rare  elsewhere.  Is  known  by  the 
shouldered  shape,  toothed  paries,  and  violet- 
stained  mouth  and  columella.] 

P 

600 

318 

Olivella  dama.     Kare  ;  dead. 

P 

C 

596 

319 

Olivella  tergina.     Rare ;  dead. 

39 

A 

595 

320 

OliieUa  undatella.     3  sp. ;  dead. 

C 

601 

321 

Olirella  zonalis.     Rare ;  dead. 

598 

?WI 

322 

Olivella  v.  aureocinda.     3  sp. ;  dead. 

A 

597 

E 

323 

Olivella  anazora.  Very  rare ;  dead.  Perhaps  a  rar.  of 

34 

P 

A 

324 

Olivella  gracilis.  E.xtremely  abundant.  [AN'ith 
many  varieties :  among  which  is  one  with  dark 
median  and  sutural  bands  and  light  spire  ;  an- 
other with  dark  spire :  another  pure  white,  of 
which  the  young  is  iimmspicua,  C.  B.  Ad.  The 
Acapulcan  varieties  are  somewhat  diHereut.] 

A 

G 

.325 

Harpa  crenata.     Dead. 

76 

P 

A 

606 

E.Mar. 

326 

Purjmra  hiserinlis.     Abundant. 

P 

A 

(507 

327 

Purpura  triserialis.     Common. 

69 

P 

A 

608 

Gal. 

328 

Purpura  triangularis.     Not  uncommon. 

P 

A 

603 

G.Mar. 

329 

Pur/mra  patula.     Common.     Also  West  Indies. 

P 

P 

C 

605 

E 

330 

Purpura  muricata.  Rare ;  dead  at  C.  S.  L. ;  livinf; 
at  Socorro  Island. 

P 

Gal. 

.331 

Pirpura  pla'iospira.  Dead  shells  at  C.  S.  L.  and 
La  Paz  ;  abundant  and  fine  at  Socorro  Island. 

74 

611 

.332 

Phi&ncheilus  n?/,r-Htall  var.  [=  Californicus.'] 

107 

A 

Gal. 

333 

Sisfru7n  carlxmarium.     Living  ;  plentiful. 

>)9 

P 

A 

613 

WI 

334 

Xitiddla  crihraria.     Abundant. 

94 

A 

615 

E 

335 

Columbella  mq/ar.     Rare. 

86 

P 

A 
A 

617 

E 

336 
337 

Columhella   '■/■<cata.     Abundant. 
Columbella  ft'stiva.     Not  rare. 

90 

P 

Gal. 

338 

Columbella  hcfmastoma.     Not  rare. 

E 

.339  1  CohnnheUa  soUihda.     Abundant  *.                                | 

A 

E 
E 

340 
.341 

Columella  Peevei  [=  Sta.  Barbaremis,  Cpr.  (error)]. 
Columella  baccata.     Rare. 

P 

342 

Conella  cedonulli.     1  sp. 

P 

624 

L.Mar. 

34.3 

Xns^a  tegula.     Rare ;  pale  var. 

Tj.-) 

C 

632 

344 

Xassa  versicolor.     Rare ;  dead. 

i  46 

P 

A 

345 

Nassa  corpulenta.     Very  rare. 

*  The  young  shell  is  thin,  semitransparent,  with  Alaboid  tuberous  vertex.  The  nuclear 
pnif  is  rather  more  tumid  than  the  next  wliirl,  and  set  slanting  as  in  some  Chrysodomi. 
Adolescent,  whirls  graooth.  except  a  sutural  line.  Sculpture  of  adult  gradually  developed, 
W'th  spiral  lines,  sometimes  all  over,  sometimes  only  anteriorly  and  posteriorly.  Last 
whirl  sometimes  with  blunt  radiating  riblets,  but  generally  smooth.  Siphonal  notch  deeplj 
cut  bark,  as  in  Sirmnbina,  to  which  the  species  may  belong. 

18G3.  -  -i-i  I  • ,  - 


€26 


REPORT— 18G3. 


Pan.      Lh  Aca-  Maz. 

Olher 

Cat. 

Pas.  pill.     Cat. 

habitats. 

No. 

346 

F 

Gal. 

P 

639 

E 

347 

109 

Gal. 

.34« 

P 

A 

Gal. 

349 

P 

C 

647 

3.t0 

652 

E 

.351 

99 

G 

352 

353 

98 

6o0 

E 

354 
.^55 

(100) 

A 

(6ol 

)(K) 

.3.j6 

P 

CJ 

657 

357 

87 

E 

358 

(!4    P 

A 

6C2 

359 

00 

A 

^50 

P    C 

664 

361 

140 

P 

A 

665 

3(i2 

P 

A 

6(!9 

.3»?3 

P 

A 

671 

3(54 

136 

P 

A 

673 

365  1 
366 

367 

List  of  Cape  St.  Lucai  dhelis. 


I''usus  Thuuarsii  i-\- Xovee- Ilollandiie,  live.j.  liare  ; 

dead. 
Sipfioiialia  jHiUida.    Very  rare. 
Enf/ina  Peevtnna.     1  sp. 
Enginn  croai.ifonia.     1  sp. 
Annchis  coronafa.     Ven-  rare. 
Anaclm  t(pr,iafn  ''=Gnk<nnei],     Very  rare, 
Anachin jnilchrior.     Very  rare. 
Atiachis  '^pallida,  Phil.     Very  rare. 
Anachis  ?pa)-va,  var.     Dead  shells  :  may  be  pyff- 

7r>(pn,  var. 
Annchls  xerrata.     A  few  perfect  sperimens. 
Anachix  pj/fpno'a  (vfir.  aunftia).     Hare. 
Strofuhina  jmicitlosa.     Very  rare. 
Stromhina  f/ibhenda.     Very  rnre. 
Pixania  satif/innolenfa.     Dwarf  var. ;  common. 
Pi^anin  Ini/nbris.     liare  ;  dead. 
Miire.r  plkatu.i.     Eare  ;  dead. 
Mure.r  reairvirostris.     1  sp.,  dead. 
Pfit/llonofus  hicitlor.     Rare. 
Phjilhmiituii  priiweps.     Rare ;  dead. 
Miiriciden  difhia.     Rare  ;  dead. 
Ari/onmda  argo.     1  large  sp.  of  the  ?\ss.  jiapyracea. 

Pelagic. 
Octopus,  sp. 


Pelagic. 


As  would  be  expected,  the  bulk  of  tht?e  species  (203  out  of  367)  are  the 
same  as  have  been  already  enumerated  in  the  lleigen  Catnlngiie.  Of  tlio=o 
which  do  not  appear  in  the  Mazatlan  lixts.  no  fewer  than  37  appear  in  the 
Panama  collections  (beside  10  others,  kno^/n  to  inhabit  the  equatmial  region). 
Of  those  not  quoted  from  Mazatlan,  34  are  also  found  in  the  Aciqndoo 
region,  and  30  at  La  Paz.  Of  the  whole  number,  79  have  also  been  found 
in  South  America,  and  28  in  the  Galapagos.  .38  have  also  been  found  in 
Margarita  Bay,  of  which  Pijrazua  inrisus  and  Siphonarin  (rquilinda  are  Lower 
Califomian  rather  than  Gulf  species;  but  only  13  belong  to  that  portion  of 
the  Lower  Califomian  fauna  which  is  known  to  reach  S.  Di»'go.  exclusive  of 
the  same  number  of  Gulf  species,  which  also  stray  into  the  S.  Diegan  district. 
There  are  also  10  species,  which  (with  more  or  less  distinctness)  represent 
AVest  Indian  forms.  Of  these,  five,  \"ia.  Ileterodonax  himacuhttus,  Er/if) 
Manrjerice,  Volvarina  varia,  Persicvla  imhricata  and  phriir/ia,  are  new  to  tlio 
Gulf  fauna:  the  other  five  appear  in  the  lleigen  Catalogue. 

106.  The  most  extensive  collections  in  the  Vancouver  district,  both  as  far 
as  the  number  of  species  and  of  specimens  is  concerned,  have  been  made  for 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Swan,  teacher  at  the  Indian  Reserve, 
Neeah  Bay,  W.  T.  For  several  years  *  valuable  consignments  have  l)ecn 
received  from  him  of  shells  collected  at  Cape  Flattery,  Port  Townseiid.  and 
other  stations.  Latterly  he  has  trained  the  native  children  to  pick  up  shore- 
shells  in  large  quantities.  The  labour  of  sorting  and  arranging  these  has 
been  enormous;   it  has,  however,  been  repaid  not  only  by  observing* the 

*  In  consequence  of  boxes  having  been  received  at  different  times,  through  the  accidents 
of  transit,  it  has  not  always  been  p  ssible  to  ascertain  with  certainty  to  wliom,  among 
nmuiUneouB  collectors,  sliould  be  allowed  priority  in  tiie  discovery  of  uew  spe^^ies. 

112 


OS  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  C27 

variations  of  foi-m  in  large  numbers  of  individuals,  but  by  the  discovery  ■  f 
several  new  species  and  the  addition  to  the  district-fauna  of  many  othei  . 
The  duplicates  are  made-up  in  aeries  for  distribution  by  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  ;  and,  though  of  the  worst  quality  from  a  "collector's  "  point  of 
^•^ew,  they  will  be  found  very  8er^'iceable  by  real  students,  being  carefully 
named  in  accordance  with  this  Report.  He  has  now  received  a  dredge,  con- 
structed for  him  by  Dr.  Stimpson;  and  if  he  succeeds  in  training  the  young 
Indians  to  use  it,  there  is  little  doubt  that  a  rich  harvest  of  fresh  materials 
will  shortly  be  obtained.  Some  of  the  collections  were  made  on  the  neigh- 
bouring shores  of  Vancouver's  Island,  among  which  was  a  large  seri<-s  of 
Pichi/poma  (jihberosum,  Chem.,  with  attached  Uivov.ia,  ooth  of  an  essentially 
Eastern  Pacific  type,  the  former  ha\-ing  been  brought  from  Japan  by  Mr.  A. 
Adams.  The  Indians  have  taken  a  fancy  to  the  opercula  of  this  shell  for  the 
purpose  of  ornamenting  their  canoes.  As  it  is  an  article  of  trade  among 
thc>mselves,  it  is  remarkable  that  so  large  a  sliell  should  have  so  long  escaped 
the  notice  of  collectors.  Dead  specimens  have  been  washed-up  in  California; 
but  it  is  not  known  even  to  enter  the  Straits  of  De  Fiica  alive.  The  shore- 
pickings  of  the  Indian  children,  which  have  already  added  2-5  species  to 
science,  are  singularly  free  (rom  baUast-importations,  although  they  present 
a  few  (supposed)  extra-limital  shells,  probably  washed-up  by  the  ocean 
currents.  The  following  are  the  sjjecies  new  to  the  Vancouver  fauna  ;  the 
remainder  will  be  found  tabulated  in  the  7th  column  of  the  general  Table, 
par.  112,  infra. 

Ko. 

1.  Waklheimia  Coreanica,  valves. 

2.  Xi/lotrya  pennatifera,  teste  .Jetfr. 

3.  Clidiophoni  punctata,  one  worn  valve. 

4.  Macoma  ?e(hntula.    Two  living  shells  may  be  the  }  aung  of  this  species,  or  an 

extreme  var.  of  iti'iiiinnta. 
6.  Mcera  .salmonea.     Plentiful. 

6.  Aiif/i/his  vanef/atiLi.     liare. 

7.  Seinele  rubroli/ieufa.     One  large  valve  may  belong  to  this  species,  or  (more 

probably)  be  distinct  and  new. 

8.  Standella  !■'  CaUfornica.     One  young  valve. 

9.  Miodon prolo)t(/atiis,  n.  suh'^., U.S.     Several  valves  of  this  curious  shell,  inter- 

mediate between  Liiciita  and  Venericardia.  accord  with  forms   not  before 
eliminated,  from  the  Coralline  Crag  and  Inferior  Oolite. 

10.  Lazarin  subquadrata.     One  valve. 

1 1 .  Diplodoiita  orhelln.     Very  lai-ge  valves. 

12.  Kellia  (var.)  Chironii.     A  few  valves. 
I-'}.  Adtda  sti/lina.     I'lcntifiil. 

14.  Arinfea  (?srpfenfrionalis,  var.)  stdx>hmlefa.     Numerous  valves. 

15.  SiphimnriaThersiteH,n.s.    Rare,  dead.    Like  #m<<'«>»"ij  and  other  Cape  Horn  and 

N.  Zealand  types.     The  genus  was  not  known  north  of  Margaiita  Bay. 
IG.  Mopalia  (Kennerlei/i,  var.)  Sicannii.     One  sp.  and  valves. 

17.  Imhnochifon  (Tracht/dennon)  Nuttallh.     One  sp. 

18.  Ilaliotis  Kamtschatkana.     Rare. 

19.  Pnchffpoma  f/ibberostim,  Chem.    l^iving ;  plentiful. 

20.  Leptony.v  Mtnouineus,  I  Arm.     Very  plentiful.     (Japan,  A.  Ad. ;  =  ITomalopomi 

mnfftiineum,  antea  p.  588  (nom.  preoc.) ;  Mediterranean,  Philippi.) 

21.  Chlormttnma  fvnebrah  (et  var.  mbapertttm.    One  sp.). 

22.  Calliostoma  canalicidutum.     Living ;  abundant. 

2'{.  Margarita  cidari-^,  n.  s.     One  fresh  specimen,  with  aspect  of  Turcica. 

24.  Margarita  helicina.     Very  rare.         _  _    •    . 

2-1.  Gibbu/a  parcipicta.    One  sp.  i     . .   .      ■ 

2*?.   Gihbii/a  stwrincta,  n.  s.     Rare. 

27.  Gibbttla  lacKitata,  a.  J.    Oneep.  .  ^    .   >  <         ^^-  i  *, 

8  113 


028  REPORT— 1863. 

No. 

26.   Gtbhila  ftmiciihta,  n.  3.     Very  rare. 

2!t.   Ilippoinjx  vrunioules,  n.  8.     I'leutiful. 

30.  Bivoniu  coiitpmta,  ii.  s.     Frequent  on  PacTiypoma ;  externally  resemble 8  Teia^ 

hK-(mchiii(  niacrophraffma. 

31.  Bittium  (J'var. )  tgitrii-ns.     Common,  dead. 

32.  Lacuna  porrecta,   n.  s.      Plentiful,  \\ith  intermediate   Pvars.   exaquata  and 

33.  Lacuna  (? soliiliila,  var.)  compada:    Rare. 

34.  Lacuna  vurieyata,  n.  s.     Not  common ;  resembles  the  Japanese  i.  dccorata. 
3-"».  Jgapis  fenextruta,  n.  s.     Very  rare. 

3(i.  Alrania  rificu'ata,  n.  s.     Verj'  rare. 

87.  Alvamii  filosa,  n.  s.     One  specimen. 

.'^'^.  ?  Amniinea  subrotundafa,  n.  s.     One  specimen. 

3'.).  't  Puhulinella,  sp.     One  specimen. 

40.  Mimyelia  crebncofiata,  n.  s.     Very  rare. 

41.  Matiyelia  interfoam,  n.  s.     Several  dead  specimens. 

42.  Manyelia  tahtdata,  n.  s.     Several  dead  specimens. 

43.  Daphiflla  effum,  n.  s.     One  broken  specimen. 

44.  Odostomia  satura,  n.  s.  and  ?var.  Goiddii.     Very  rare. 
4-').  Odosfiimia  nucifonnis,  n.  s.  and  ?var.  acellana.     Very  rare. 
4(5.  Odosfomia  injiuta.     \'erv-  rare. 

47.  Odostomia  trnuiscidpta,  n.  s.     Verj-  rare. 

48.  Scalaria  Indianonnn,  n.  s.     Rare. 

49.  Opalia  borealis.     Verj'  common.     This  fine  species,  indicated  by  Dr.  Old.  fE. 

E.  Mol.,  p.  307)  under  Scalaria  australis,  closely  resembles  0.  Oc/iotenfi.^, 
Midd.  It  is  not  refened  to  in  the  *  Otia,"  and  the  locality  was  naturally 
suspected. 

50.  Cerit/ii'opiiis  muntta,  n.  s.     Rare. 

51.  Cerit/iiopsis  columna.     Very  rare. 

52.  Cerithiopsis  titberculata.  \  Rare.  No  differences  have  been  detected  on  comparing 
M.   Tnforis  adcersa.  j       the  Herm  and  Neeah  Bay  specimens. 

54.   Tn'c/iotropis  inernm.     A  few  specimens  differ  from  the  decorticated  T.  cuiuxl- 

lata,  and  aprree  with  Hinds's  diagnosis. 
5.5.   Cancellaria  viodesta,  n.  s.     One  sp.  and  fragment. 
5<5.    Vehitina  pro/mu/ata.  n.  s.     Very  rare. 

57.  OUveUa  biplicata.     Very  fine  and  abundant. 

58.  Purpura  {varAfiMcata.     Forbes"s  species,  the  locality  of  which  was  before  un- 

certain, is  here  connected  by  easy  transitions  with  the  normal  saxicula. 
50.   Columbella  (var.)  ? Hindm.     Maybe  a  stunted  form  ot  A.  gausapata. 
60.  Amycla  tubcrosa.    Rare. 
CI.   Clirysuihnmis   Uibulatus.      One  beautifully  perfect  specimen ;   described   and 

figured  from  Mr.  Lord's  broken  shell,  sent  simultaneously. 

The  following  appear  to  be  due  to  currents : — 

62.  Pnchydc-vnn  crni^satelloidfs.     Fragment. 

63.  Fissurella  volcano.     One  broken  specimen. 

107.  A  collection  of  shells  received  from  the  Farallones  Islands  by  Mr.  R. 
J).  Darbishire,  of  Manchester,  soon  after  the  publication  of  the  first  Report, 
contained  several  species  at  that  time  new  to  science,  but  in  too  imperfect  a 
condition  for  description.     Among  them  were — 

Mai-tesia  inferculata,  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  1&.     Burrowing  in  Ilaliotis  rufescen». 
Ododonda  injlata,  n.  s.     Young  shells,  abundant,  in  Jlaliutis  rufescens. 
Ocinebra  hirida. 
Ocinebra  inierfossa,  n.  8. 

Collections  from  the  same  locality  were  afterwards  sent  by  the  Rev.  J. 
RowcU,  and  are  tabulated  with  the  rest  of  the  Smithsonian  series  in  the  4th 
column  of  the  general  Table,  par.  112. 

114 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  629 

lOS.  In  18G0,  previously  to  the  comnnncement  of  the  Californian  Oeo- 
Injrical  Survey,  Dr.  J.  G.(;oiipL'r  joined  a  military  expedition  across  the  Kooky 
Mountains,  under  the  command  nf  Major  Blake,  U.S.A.  Havinj^  t'orwardtd 
his  notes  and  specimens  to  Judj^e  Coo]>er,  they  vrere  placed  in  the  hands  of 
3Ir.  Tliomas  Bland,  of  New  York.  He  prepared  a  '•  Notice  of  Land  and 
Freshwater  S^ipIIs,  collected  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper  in  the  Roeky  Mountains,  &c.,"' 
•which  appears  in  the  *  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  of  N.  York,'  18»il,  pp.  'M2  et  seij. 
We  have  here  Ihe  judgment  of  one  of  the  most  distinguished  students  of 
American  land-soells,  whose  labours  on  the  tropical  forms  huve  accumulated 
fricts  so  importan".  in  their  bearing  on  tiie  Darwinian  controversy*.  The  fol- 
lowing is  an  ou<^line  of  the  Report,  which  is  peculiarly  valuable  for  the  copious 
iiijtes  on  the  station  and  distribution  of  species : — 

>'o. 

L  Jleli.r  Toicnsendiana,  Lea.  "  Both  slopes  of  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  from 
2200-5600  ft.  high.  Large  var.  at  the  base  of  the  range  to  4800  ft.  Small 
var.  in  dry  prairie  at  junction  of  Hell-Gate  and  Bitter  Root  Rivers;  also  in 
Wash.  Ter.,  west  of  the  Coast  Mountains.  The  most  wide-spread  of  the 
species,"  J.  G.  C.  ;  Puget  Sound,  Cape  Disappointment,  teste  Bland. 

2.  Helix-  Mullani,  n.s.,  Bland.  "  I'nder  logs  and  in  drv  pine-woods  :  dead,  Cceur 
d'Alene  Mission :  living,  west  side  of  Bitter  Root  Mountains,"  J.  G.  C.  ; 
St.  Joseph's  River,  1st  Camp,  Oregon,  teste  Bintifi/.  Closely  allied  to  H.  Co- 
lumbiana, hea„  =  labiosa,  Gld.  A  lx>autiful  hyaline  var.  was  found  under  a 
stone,  by  the  Bitter  Ro.t  River,  4000  ft.  high". 

5.  Helix  jwhigyrella,  n.s.,  Bland.     "  Moss   and  dead  wood  in  dampest  parts  of 

spruce-forests ;  common  on  the  Cceur  d'Alene  Mountains,  especially  eastern 
slope,"  J.  G.  C.  Entirely  unlike  any  other  N.  A.  species,  and  having  affi- 
nity with  H.  polygyrata  from  Brazil. 
4>  Helix  Vancouverensix,  Lea,= //.  (wkwy/.  Bin.  sen.  olim,  non  postea,  nee  Say; 
=  H.  vellicata,  Fbs.,  certainly;  =//.  ajxirfella,  Gld.,  probably.  "  West  ,-ii!e 
of  Coeur  d'Alene  Mountains,  W.  T.,  in  forests  of  Coniferae,  such  as  it  in- 
habits west  of  the  Cascade  Range.  Between  these  two  ranges,  for  200  mib  s, 
is  a  wide  plain,  quite  iminhabitable  for  snails,  on  account  of  drought.  Th  s 
sp.  and  H.  Toicnsendiana  probably  travel  round  it  through  the  northern 
forests  in  lat.  49°,"  J.  G.  C.  Also  Crescent  City,  Cal.,  Nevcomb :  Oregon 
City,  Whidby's  Is.,  W.  T. ;  Mus.  Bland.  Found  on  the  I'acitic  slope,  from 
Puget  Sound  to  San  Diego. 

6.  Helix  striffosa,  Gld.     "  /Estivating  under  pine-logs,  on  steep  slope  of  shale, 

containing  veins  of  lime,  4000  ft.  high,  near  Bitter  Root  River,  Rocky  Moun- 
tains," J.  G.  C. ;  Big  Horn  Mountains,  Nebraska :  Rio  Piedra,  W.  New 
Mexico  :  teste  Bland.  One  sp.  reached  N.  York  alive,  and  deposited  six 
young  shells.  [?May  not  these  have  been  abnonnally  hatched  in  the  body 
of  the  parent,  from  the  unnatural  confinement.] 

6.  Heliv  Cooperi,  Binn.,  jun.     "  East  side  of  Mullan's  Pass,  Rockv  Mountains, 

W.  T.,  at  an  elevation  of  5500  ft.,"  J.  G.  C. ;  Black  Hills  of  Nebraska,  Br. 
V.  Hnyden ;  Big  Horn  Mountains,  Nebraska ;  west  side  of  Wind  River 
Mountains  ;  Rio  Piedra,  W.  N.  Mexico,  teste  Bland.  Passes  by  varieties 
towards  //.  sfnyosa,  Gld.  Ilayden's  shell  from  Bridger's  Pass.Nebr.,  referred 
to  by  Binn.,  jun.,  Journ.  A.  N.  S.  Phil.  1858,  p.  115,  as  H.  sulitaria,  var.,  ia 
the  young  of  this  species. 

7.  H  lix  solifaria,  Say.    Both  slopes  of  Cceur  d'Alene  Mts.,  2500  feet  high,  J.  G.  C. 

Also  Prairie  States,  teste  Bland. 

8.  Helix  arborea.  Say.     "  Damp  bottom  lands,  along  the  lower  valley  of  Hell-Gate 

River,  4500  ft.  high,"  J.  G.  C.  Found  from  Labrador  to  Texas,  and  from 
Florida  to  Nebraska ;  also  on  the  River  Chama,  N.  Mex. ;  also  Guadaloupe, 
teste  Beau  and  Fertissac,  letter  to  Say,  1820 ;  teste  Bland. 

♦  Vide  "  Geographical  Distribution  of  the  Genera  and  Specie?  of  Land  Shells  of  the 
West  Indies,  &c.,"  by  Thomas  Bland.  Reprinted  from  Ann.  L^c.  Xat.  Hist.,  vol.viL  Jfew 
York   186i. 

115 


r,.30  REPORT— 18C3. 

'J.    JTeh't-  •tfii'i'f'^fi,  Anfli.     "With  ff.  arh»ea,J.  O.  C.     From  Piinnila  E.  to  Kansas, 
and  tVnm  iViiiljina  (Red  liivtr  N.)  to  N'irLrinia;  t<'sti'  Jilutid. 

10.  Succinea  ni*ti((iiiu,  Gld.     '*  Iiocky  Mountaius  of  Litter  lioot   Vallev,  2ijOO- 

4.JU0  tt.;'  J.  G.  C. 

The  freshwater  shells  collected  on  the  Rocky  ^fountains  hy  Dr.  Cooper 
wore  detennined,  with  the  assiBtance  of  Dr.  Lea  and  of  Mchsrs.  Binney  and 
Prime,  as  follows  : — 

11.  LimnfPa  frar/ilis  [&3  of\  Linn.  [Binney].     Hell-Gate  River;   Missouri  River, 

al)ove  the  Falls.     [=i.  jtaliistrin,  auut.] 

12.  Limncea  hvmiliii,  Say.     IIell-(  Jate  River. 

l-'i.    Limtuea  hu/i'mnides,  Linn.  [Binneyl     Missouri  River,  above  the  Falls. 

14.  LimiKPa  (le*i(/i(isa,  Siiy.     Missouri  River,  above  the  Falls. 

15.  Phym  hi/pnorum,  Linn.     Hell-Gate  River. 

]().  Phi/Mi  heterodropha,  Say.     Hell-Gate  River ;  Missouri  River,  above  the  Fallfc 

17.  Pinnorlm  trtvoli'is,  Say.     HelKiate  River. 

1h.  Plauorbis  ?parvus,  Say.     Hell-Gate  River. 

111.  Aiiqilm,  sp.  ind. 

20.  Melanin  pUcifera,  Lea.     Hell-Gate  River. 

2 1 .  LfpUi.vis,  ap.  ind. 

22.  Amnicola,  sp.  ind. 

2S.    Sphferium  [Cf/clasl  orculentaU,  Prime.     Hell-Gate  River. 

24.  Sph(erivm  [Ct/clasj  striatinum,  Lam.     Missouri  River,  above  the  Falls. 

25.  Unio  lidfolua,  Lam. 
Margaritana  margaritifera,  Linn.    Missouri  River,  above  the  Falls ;  also  Spokan 

Iiiver,  below  Lake  Cceur  A'A.\^ne,=A.f<dcntus,  Gld. ;  the  purple  var.  hithei-to 
only  found  on  the  Pacific  slope. 


23, 


109.  The  land-shells  of  the  peninsula  of  California  present  points  of  great 
interest  to  the  student  of  geographical  distribution.  While  those  of  the 
eastern  shore  of  the  Gulf  belong  exclusively  to  the  Mexican  or  Central  Ame- 
rican fauna,  those  of  the  western  present  in  their  general  features  that  form 
of  the  South  American  type  which  belongs  to  the  region  of  the  Andes.  The 
contrast  between  the  Glandinae  and  painted  Buliroids  of  Mazatlan,  and  the 
small  dull  forms,  Oi  solid  white  shells  of  the  peninsula,  is  evident  even  to  the 
superficial  observer.  They  are  catalogued  by  Mr.  Binney  in  the  '  Proc.  Ac. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philadelphia,'  1861,  pp.  331-333,  and  are  as  follows,  outline-figures 
being  given  of  the  new  species  : — 

No. 

1.  Heluv  areolnta,  Shy.    Cerros  Is.,  Dr.  Veafch. 

2.  Ndix  Pandores,Fhs.     Margarita  Is.  (2fm/i6y). 

.3.    Btdnniis  e.rcelsus,  Gld.     La  Paz.  (Mus.  Cal.  Acad.  N.  S.) 

4.  Bidimus  vesicalis,  Gld.      Lower  California.      [Altered  in  '  Otia,'  p.  184,  to  B. 

suflnfiis;  nom.  preoc] 

5.  JBidinms  imllidior,  iihy.,  =  7:effetug,  Gld.    With  P.  incendens,  v.  infra.     (S.  Ame- 

rica, Cwning.)     [Cape  St.  Lucas  List,  no.  166.] 
C.    Buhmus  prof  ens,  Brod.    One  large  and  many  youn^  specimens;  Cape  St.  Lucas, 
Xantiis.     (Mountains  of  Peru,  teste  Pfeiffer.)     [C.  S.  L..  no.  IbZ.l 

7.  Bidimus  XanfuKt,  n.s.     Promontory  of  St.  Lucas.     4  sp.     Xantiis.     [No.  168.] 

8.  Bidimus  artemiiia,  n.s.     Promontory  of  St.  Lucas.     1  sp.,  on  small  species  or 

Artemisia;  Xantus.     [C.  S.  L.,  no.  169.] 

9.  Buiimus  pihda,  n.s.    Todos  Santos  Mission  and  Margarita  Is.,  in  rocky  spots 

under  mosses,  not  uncommon,  Xantus.  Resembles  B.  su^atus,'}uii.  [No.  170.] 
10.    Bidimtis  incendens,  n.s.     In  great  numbera  with   B.  pallidior,  Sbv.,  climbing 

high  "  copal "  or  copaiva  trees,  on  dry  hills  800-1000  ft.  higfi ;  Cape  St. 

Lucas,  MaTjiarita  Bav,  Xantus.     Resembles  B.  e.rcelsus,  Gld.     [No.  171.] 
IL    Pedipts  liratUf  Binn.     Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus.     [C.  S.  L.^  no.  172.] 

116 


OV  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  631 

110.  At  the  time  of  the  preparation  of  the  first  Report,  not  a  sinirle 
naturalist  was  known  in  Europe  to  be  resident  on  the  western  slop-  of  >'cn  th 
America,  to  whom  communications  could  be  addressed  on  the  subject  of  it. 
There  was,  however,  even  at  that  time,  a  "  Californian  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,"  which  met  at  8.  Francisco,  and  published  its  *  Procetdinjfs.'  Tbis 
Academy  is  now  in  a  flourishin{j;  condition,  uiuler  the  presidency  of  Col.  L. 
Hansom.  The  general  zoologit  al  department  is  under  the  care  of  Dr.  J.  G. 
Cooper;  the  shells  under  that  of  Dr.  J.  1{.  Trask.  Vice-  President  of  the  Academy, 
whose  name  has  already  api)eared  in  Judj^e  Cooper's  llepurt.  antei'i,  p.  oi)7  ; 
and  the  fossils  under  that  of  Mr.  W.  M.  (iabb.  The  corresponding!;  secretary 
is  Dr.  W.  0.  Ayres ;  and  the  lilirarian  Prof.  J.  D.  Whitney,  the  director  of 
the  State  Geological  Survey.  Alreadj-  the  nucleus  has  been  formed  of  a  very 
valuable  collection,  many  of  the  critical  species  in  which  have  been  sent  to 
England  for  identification.  The  coasting-trade  between  S.  Francisco  and 
many  stations  in  L.  California,  the  (Julf,  and  the  ilexican  coast,  offers  pecu- 
liar facilities  for  obtaining  valuable  information.  Two  of  the  contributors  to 
the  Californian  Academy  require  special  and  grateful  mention.  Dr.  Wesley 
Newcomb  (whose  labours  had  greatly  enriched  the  State  Collection  at  his 
native  city,  Albany,  Xew  York,  and  whose  researches  among  the  ArhatineUat 
in  the  Sandwich  Islands  are  well  known)  is  stationed  at  Oakland,  near  Fran- 
cisco, and  has  already  furnished  valuable  papers,  an  abstract  of  which  is  here 
given,  as  well  as  emendations  and  additions  to  the  British  Association  Report, 
•which  are  included  in  their  appropriate  places*.  The  Rev.  J.  Howell  has  long 
been  a  regular  correspondent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  has  sub- 
mitted the  whole  of  his  West-coast  collections  for  analysis.  He  has  dis- 
played peculiar  industry  in  searching  for  small  species  on  the  1  acks  of  the 
larger  shells,  especially  the  Haliotids  of  the  Californian  coast,  and  the  Ostri-a 
iriilescens,  which  is  imported  in  large  quantities  from  Acapulco  for  the  San 
Francisco  mai  ^et  f. 

In  the  '  Proc.  California  Ac.  Xat.  Sc.,'  vol.  i.  pp.  28-30,  Feb.  1855,  Dr. 
J.  B.  Trask  pu1)lished  descriptions  of  Anodonfa  Uandalli,  Tra.sk,  Upper  San 
Joaquin;  Annrlonta  ^nV//)</«7rtm,  Trask,  Sacramento  River:  Anodonta  votund- 
ovata,  Trask,  Sacramento Vallc}- ;  Ahismodonta  Fubaetisis,  Trask,  Yuba  River. 

In  the  '  Ann.  Lye.  X.  H.  Xew  York,'  vol.  vii.  18G0,  p.  146,  Dr.  Xewcomb 
describes  the  first  Fuj^a  found  on  the  Pacific  slope,  viz.  Piij^a  liowellu,  Xewc. 
Xear  Oakland,  Cal.     "  Approaches  nearest  to  P.  ovata,  Say." 

♦  The  "  Chiton  amicidafus,"  Newc,  MS.,  =  Cr>/pfochif on  Sfe'Ieri.  "  Rare  near  S.  Fran- 
cisco ;  somewhat  more  abundant  in  the  Bay  of  Monterey."  His  "  Pa7ioj)<ea  fft.ierosa,"  in 
the  Albany  Museum,  was  found  to  be  Schizoftxerus  iiutfaUii. 

t  As  an  instance  of  the  way  in  which  mistakes  arise,  may  be  placed  on  record  a  series 
of  shells  sent  to  Mr.  Rousseau,  of  Troy,  New  York,  by  Jlr.  Hilman,  formerly  of  that 
city,  now  a  resident  at  San  Francisco.  Tliey  were  sent  as  Californian ;  yet,  of  the  thirty- 
four  species  which  it  contained,  only  one  could  be  called  a  native  of  that  province.  All 
the  rest  were  tropical,  and  of  that  peculiar  character  which  belongs  to  Acapulco.  No 
doubt,  the  gentleman  had  obtained  them  from  a  trader  to  that  city.  If  only  a  lew  species 
had  been  sent,  mixed  with  Californian  shells,  they  might  have  puzzled  the  learned ;  for  they 
were  obtained,  on  the  spot,  by  a  gentleman  of  known  integrity.  As  it  was,  the  magnitude  of 
the  error  led  to  its  discovery  :  but  in  how  many  similar  ca^s  sudi  error  is  thought  impos- 
sible ! — Strigilla  carnaria;  Donax  carinatus,  puncto-striafus;  Heferod.  bimaculatus;  Cul- 
lisfa  auravtia,  chiorxga  ;  Pefr.  rohusfa;  Card,  consors,  hiavgulatum;  Liocurd.  apicimtm; 
Trigona  radiafa,  Hinddi;  Annm.  svhimbricafa  ;  Lima  tefrica  ,  Siphonuria  yigas,  lecanitan  ; 
Patella  discors,  pedicrdiis ;  Fiss.  rvgosa ;  Cruc.  imbricafvm,  spivosum,  umbrella ;  Crcp. 
acuhata;  Hipp,  antimahts,  barbatus;  Cerith.  uncinafi'm  ;  Modv.his  disculus;  Hafica 
maroccana.  catenafa;  Pohriices  uber;  Leitc.  cingulata;  JEneta  harpa;  Purp.  triangularis. 
The  single  shell  from  the  temperate  fauna  is  Glyphis  aspera. 

117 


633  REPORT — 18G3. 

In  the  '  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  New  York,'  1S()1,  p.  2S7,  the  Rov.  J.  Rowell.  of 
San  Franeiscj,  (Icstrihes  thi'  second  speeies  of  Vufia  *  diHCOveied  ou  llie 
western  slope,  viz.  *'  P.  C<ilifi>niiia ,  Row.,  San  Franciseo  :   plentiful." 

On  Febniury  4th,  Istil,  Dr.  Wesley  Newcomb  published  (Latin)  dia- 
gnoses of  the  following  C'alitumian  Pulmonates  in  the  •  I'roeeedings  of  the 
Cal.  Ac.  Nat.  Se.,'  vol.  ii.  pp.  yi-y4.  A  second  Part  bears  date  March  iMh, 
pp.  103,  1U4. 

P»ge. 

9L  Helir  Briffi/fn'i,  Npwc.  San  Pablo,  Cal.  1  sp.  Distinct  from  nil  deirribf d  fnrm». 

„  Jleli.v  Tniskii,  Newe.     Los  Angelos,  Cal.     "  Distinguished  from  //.  Thmiamii 

at  a  glance." 

02.  Vitrhui  lyeifferi,  Newc.    Carson  Valley.     More  rounded  than  diaphana,  Drap. 

tt4.  PUidium  iKcideniale,  Newc.     Ocean  House,  S.  Francisco,  Jtuite//. 

103.  JJelLt  Carjmiferi,  Newc.     Tulare  Valley,  Mus.  Cal.  Ac.     Delongs  to  the  Cy- 

clostonioid  group,  and  has  the  aspect  of  a  desert  species.      [Quite  distinct 
from  H.  i'arpenteriana,  lilaud,  Florida.] 
„    Helix  AifremiiKi,  Newc.      Northem  Oregon  ;    Mus.  Cal.  Ac.     Resembles  JI. 
rttictdata,  I'fr.,  a  Californian  species  not  identitied  bv  the  author. 

104.  Phyaa  costata,  Newcomb.     Clear  Lake,  Cal.,  Vtatvh,  Mus.  Cal.  Ac. 

In  the  'Proc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sc.  Philadelphia,  ISOl,'  pp.  307-372,  Mr.  AV.  M. 
Gubb  publish -d  "  Descri])tions  of  New  Species  of  American  Tertiarj-  Fo.ssils,"' 
in  which  occur  several  Californian  shells.  The  authorities  for  the  localitit^j 
a7e  not  given,  and  the  diagnoses  are  in  English  only.  Considerable  confusion 
often  arises  from  the  study  of  tertiary  fossils  without  knowledge  of  recent 
shells,  and  vice  versa.  Mr.  (Jabb's  writings  on  the  Cretaceous  fossils  of  Ame- 
rica display  an  ability  with  which  this  paper  is  perhaps  not  commensurate. 
Some  errors  which  had  been  found  very  difficult  to  understand  are  here  cor- 
rected by  the  author  himself,  who  regrets  the  incompleteness  of  his  earlier 
work. 

3G8.  Turbotu'Ua  aspera,  G&hh.     Sta.  Barbara,  Miocene.     [=.B*«*m»i,  sp.,  teste  GflW, 
MS.] 
„     Modelia  striata,  Gabb.     Sta.  Barbara,  ?  Miocene.     [  =  iflic?/««  cnriiiata.  Gld. 
teste  Gabb  MS.  and  specimens.    Mr.  Gabb  considers  that  Litoriiut  Pednmua 
Conr.,  is  the  same  species,  which  is  probably  not  correct.] 
869,  S^hmia  hilirata,  Gabb.      Sta.  Barbara.      [Description  accords  with  Sauicava 
arctica,  jun.,  var. ;  but  Mr.  Gabb  considers  it  a  good  species.] 
„     Venm  rhysomia,  ii&hh.     ?  Miocene,  Sta.  Barbara.     \^=.  Psephu  tamiiniy  G\^., 
teste  Gabb  MS.  and  specimens.] 
371.  Cardita  moniiicosta.     ?  Miocene,  Sta.   Barbara.     [Description  accords   vith 
Venericardia  ventricosa,  Gld.  jun.;  but  Mr.  Gabb  considers  it  a  good  species.] 
„    Morrisia  Hornii.      ?  Miocene.     Sta.  Barbara.     "  F'irst  pointed  out   oy  Dr. 
Horn  in  a  rich  fossiliferous  marl,  and  not  imcommon." 

In  the  '  Proceedings  of  the  Calif.  Ac.  Nat.  So.'  for  April  7th,  1862,  pp.  1 70- 
172,  Mr.  "W.  M.  Gabb  published  detailed  English  "  Descriptions  of  two  Species 
of  Cephalopoda  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy,"  of  which  one,  Oni/cJioituthis 
Jrisifonnis,  is  said  to  be  from  Cape  Horn,  the  other  from  California. 

170.  Octopus  punctatus,  Gabb.  Common  near  San  Francisco.  Also  abundant  in 
Scanmion's  Lagoon,  Lower  California,  Capt.  C  M.  Scamnvm.  Arms  more 
than  seven  feet  long.  Dr.  W.  O.  Ayres.     "  Difl'ers  from  O.  meyalmyathus, 

*  That  the  race  of  small  Pupa  is  very  ancient  on  the  North  American  continent,  as  in 
Europe,  is  evident  from  the  very  interesting  discovery,  by  Prof.  Dawson,  of  a  fossil  Pii]"', 
in  sifu,  nestling  in  an  upright  tree,  fossilized  in  the  Nova  Scotian  coal-beds;  which  can 
scarcely  be  distinguished,  even  specifically,  from  gome  living  forms. 

118 


ox  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH   AMERICA.  033 

Page. 

Couth.,  E.  E.  Mull.  p.  471,  in  absence  of  lateral  membrane,  size  of  mouth  and 
nipiile.^,  and  ir''"'"''<il  i-olonitiou." 
171.   Oni/c/ioftiithi.^  fimi/o mi*,  (iabb.     ** Cape  Horn,"  Mua.  Ac.      [San  Clemente 
is.,  C"al.,  iu'iprr,  Ms.j 

From  the  •  Proc.  Cal.  .\c.  N.  8.,'  1863,  p.  11,  it  apponrs  that  nt  least  one 
mollusc,  a  Tere'lit  or  Xi/lotr>i<i,  has  already  established  for  itstlf  an  eionomic 
celebrity.  Piles  have  been  entirelj*  destroyed  in  six  mouths  from  the  time 
they  were  placed  in  the  water. 

On  March  2,  l"^*!."},  Mr.  Au^u^te  llemond  published,  in  the  same  Journal, 
Kngliih  "  Descriptions  of  two  new  Species  of  Bivalves  from  the  Tertiaries  of 
Contra  Costa  County:  " — 

13.  Caniiiim  Ciuhhii,  IJem.  Late  tert.  deposit  near  Kirker's  Pas.s,  in  shelly  sand, 
with  Tapes  rfifiiltii-it,  (iiibb,  and  IVIun-s  poHtleromiti,  (iubb,  both  e.\tiiut. 
"  F'a.silv  recop-uized  by  heavy  hinjje  and  enormous  laterals ;  luuule  cuii- 
nated.'      I'f  Li(x-itrthinii  ] 

I,      Ontrta  liouri/foiMi,  Keui.    Same  locality. 

On  April  20,  18(53,  Dr.  Cooper  described  (in  English)  the  following  mol- 
lusc, of  which  the  only  species  previously  known  is  from  Cuba : — 

21.  Giindlachia  Californica,  Kowell.  Fijr.  5  (three  views).  Fifty  specimens  nn 
water-plants  in  clear,  .stagnant  pond.s,  at  Marysville,  Feather  lliver,  llouvll. 

On  January  8.  18G4,  Dr.  Newcorab  described  (in  Latin)  the  following, 
with  other  Pulmonates  from  the  State  Survey,  already  tabulated  in  p.  Wd  : — • 

115.  Hcli.f  Ilillchrdiuli,  Newc.  Tuolumne  Co.,  Cal.  One  recent  and  several  fossi 
shells,  M.  Vol/.     Like  //  Thoiuirm,  but  depressed  and  hirsute. 

The  latest  contribution  to  the  malacology  of  Califoniia  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting.     It  is  described  (in  Latin)  by  Dr.  Newcomb,  Feb.  1,  18G4  : — 

121.  Pedicii/nria  Californica,  Newc.  One  specimen  from  coral  growing  on  a  mon- 
ster Evhidnoccnig,  verv  deep  water,  Farallones  Is.,  I).  J\'  Pohiumn.  "  .Vs 
beai  tiful  as  P.  elef/antimiiui,  Desh.,  from  Is.  Bourbon."  [Mr.  Pease  also  ob- 
tained a  deep-water  I'cilivularia  from  coral  in  the  Pacific  Is.,  which  Mr. 
Cuming  afHliated  to  the  Mediten-anean  P.  Simla.  Dr.  Gould  (Otia,  p.  215) 
also  describes  P.  dicmsata,  coast  of  Georgia,  400  fm.,  U.  S.  Coast  Suney.J 

111.  The  following  descriptions  of  species,  and  notes  on  habitats  and 
synonymy,  have  been  collated  from  various  American  scientific  periodicals, 
chiefly  by  the  as.sistance  of  Mr.  Binney's  '  Bibliography.' 

In  the  '  American  Journal  of  Science  and  Art,'  0.  S.,  vol.  xxxviii.  p.  39G, 
Apnl  1840,  Dr.  A.  A.  Gould  records  the  following  species,  said  to  be  from 
*•  California."     His  Trochus  vittutus  is  not  known  : — 


Murex  tricolor  et  bicolor. 
Cardium  Calilbraianum. 


Trochus  vittatus. 
Bulimus  undatus. 


In  the  'Annals  of  the  New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,'  vol.  iv 
1846,  No.  5,  p.  165,  Mr.  John  H.  Redfield  first  described  Triton  Oret/oneme, 
Straits  of  San  Juan  de  Fuca  :  plate  11.  fig.  2. 

In  the  *  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,' 
1848,  vol.  iv.  p.  121,  Mr.  T.  A.  Conrad  described  new  genera,  and  gave  notes  on 
ParapJwJdS  Ciilifornica,  Crijptomya  Californica,  and  Psammohia  Califomicrt, 
altering  Osteodesma  hifolina  (nom.  preoc.)  into  Lifonsia  Floridann.  In  the 
same  work,  March  18.54, vol.  vii.,  Mr. Conrad  described  Citafhodonta  nndidati. 
He  also  states  that  G'withodon  triffonum.  Petit,  is  probably  identical  with  G, 
Lccontei,  Conr.  ['?]  (nom.  prior),  and  alters  genus  Tritjonella  to  Pachi/desma, 

119 


634  REPORT— 18G3. 

In  the  'Proc.  Boston  Ac.  Nat.  Hist.,'  July  1851,  vol.  iv.  p.  27,  Dr.  A.  A. 
Gould  published  '•  Xotes  on  Californiau  Shells,"  and,  in  vol.  vi.  p.  11,  described 
Helix  ramentosa,  California,  and  Helix  damascenus,  from  the  desert  east  of 
California. 

In  the  'Proceedings  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.,'  April  1856,  vol.  viii.  pp.  80,  81, 
Dr.  Isaac  Loa  described  the  following  species  of  new  freshwater  shells  from 
California : — 

Pomphnh/.r  effiisa.     Sacramento  River. 
Melania  S/uiKtae/isis.     Shasta  and  .Scott  Rivers. 
Mvlatda  uit/riiui.     Clear  Creek,  Shasta  Co. 
P/ti/sa  friticra.     Shasta  Co. 
Planorhis  Traskii.     Kern  Lake,  Tulan  Co. 
Li/tnnepa  pro.rinia.    An'oya,  St.  Antonio. 
Aucylm  patelloides.     Sacramento  itiver. 

and  offered  notes  on 

Margaritana   marfiaritifera,  L.ea,  =  Alasmodonta  falcata,  G\d., s  Ahsmodonta 

Yubiwnsis.  Trask.    Klamath  and  Yuba. 
Anodonta  Wahlamatensis,  Lea,  =  .^.  triangttlata,  Trask,+-4.  rotundovata,  Trask. 

Sacramento  River. 
A-Dodonta  anf/ulata,  Lea,+.<4.  fennnalis,  Gld.,+.<4.  Eandalli,   Trask.     Upper 

San  .Toaquin. 
Helii  Oretf.inensii,  Lea.     Point  Cypress,  Monterey  Co. 
Helix  Nitklininna,  Lea.     Tomales  Bay  and  Dead  Man's  Island. 
HelLc  Califoniietisis,  Lea.     Point  Cypress. 
Lymnaa  e.iif/i>a,  Lea.     San  Antonio  Arroya. 
Lumneea  pallida.  Ad.     San  Antonio  An-oya. 
P/iy-sa  heteroMropha,  Say.     Los  Anjreles. 
Mflania  ocrafti,  lids.     Sacramento  River. 
Melanin  (Paludina)  seminalis,  lids.     Sacramento  River. 
Planorhis  tricoliin,  Sa}'.     Horn  Lake. 
Planorbis  amnion,  Gld.     Lagoons,  Sacramento  Valley. 

In  the  New  Series  of  the  'Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philadelphia'  occur  descriptions 
and  notes  on  species,  as  under : — 

Page. 
18.57.       Feb.     18.       Helix  intercisa,^.G.^in.,'=H.  Nickliniana,  Bin.  sen.,  var. 

Oregon. 
1857.        „        19.       Succinea  linecda,  W.  G.  Bin.     Nebraska. 

1857.  June.  165.       Mr.  T.  A.  Conrad  described  the  genus  Gonidea  for  A.  anpii- 

lata,  Lea ;  and  for  Gonidea  Eandalii,  Trask,  and  Gonidea 
fetninalis,  Gld. ;  regarding  the  three  species  as  probably 
di.stinct.     [Dr.  Lea,  however,  considers  them  varietal.] 

1858.  March.  41.       Dr.  I.  I^ea  described  Planorlns  Netcbertyi.     Klamath  Lake 

and  Canoe  Creek,  California. 
1860.     March.  23.       Melanin  Newberryi,  Lea.     Upper  Des  Chutes  River,  Oregon, 
Newberry. 

In  the  "  Notes  on  Shells,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and  Species,"  by 
T.  A.  Conrad,  reprinted  from  the  '  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,'  Aug.  1849,  are 
given  the  following  synonyms,  pp.  213,  214 : — 

Petricola  Calif ornica,  C onr.,  =  Sa.rtcava  C,  Conr.,=rP.  arciiata,  Desh. 
Petricola  carditoides,  Com., =  Sa^iicava  c,  Conr.,=P.  cylindracea,  Desh. 
Siliqua  Nuttallit,  Conr. ,=  Sol4'cttrtti8  N.,  Coar. ,=Soleciirtus  maximus,  Gld.,  non 

Wood,  =i>olen  splendens,  Chenu. 
Siliyua  hwida,   Com:, =  Solvcwtus  I..   ConT.,=:Solecurtus  radiatus,  Gld.,  noa 

LuiB.  J  20 


•'  OS  MOLLUSCA  OF  THZ  WEST  COAST  OF  \ORTH  AMERICA.  6o5 

In  his  "  Synopsw  of  the  Genera  Ptirapholas  and  Pitnitella,''  from  the  same 
source,  p.  335,  are  given  as  synonyms — 

Parapholas  CaUfonika,  Coi\r.,  =r/to(as  C,  Conr.,  =P/iohs  Jniielh',  Desli. 
Pexttrlhi  Conradi,  Val.,  ^P'luhit  pi'nita,  Cour.,  ^Phulas  concamcrntn,  Desh. 
Penitella  melanura,  Sby.,  =iPem!ella  IViUoni,  Conr.  (not  Pampho'as  biailcald). 

In  the  elaborate  hut  somewhat  intricate  "  Monoj^aph  of  the  Order  Phola- 
dacea,''  itc,  by  G.  W.  Tryon.  jun..  Phihidolphia,  1802.  the  followinj;:  sjieoios 
are  quoted  from  the  West  C(jast,  and  form  the  conclusion  of  the  muiiue  sheila 
hitherto  described,  so  far  as  known  to  the  writer : — 

Page. 

49.  Rocellaria  [GattrocJurna]  ovafa.  Shy.  Panama,  W.  I.,  and  Charleston,  Sfimp- 
gon.  "  Jsot  the  slightest  difference  between  the  Pacitic  and  Atlantic  speci- 
mens." 

74.  Pholus  {  Cyrtopkura)  trimcata,  Say.  Massachusetts  ;  S,  Carolina ;  Payta,  Peru, 
]iitscftettberf/er ;  Chili. 

77.  Dadylitia  {Gitocentrurn)  Chiloemis,  Kino-,  1832,  =  PA.  laqueata,  Sby.,  1849. 
I'eru,  Chili  [Panama,  Jeweft].  Scarcely  differs  from  D.  Campechetisis,= 
Ph.  oblongata,  Say,  =Ph.  Candeana,  D'Orb. :  Southern  U.  S..  W.  I. 

82.  JVawfl  swft^/oiow.  Gray,  Ann. N.  H.  1851,  vol.  v-iii.  p.  385.  California.  ["In 
a  hole  in  a  shell.     Cabinet  Grav."    Neither  shell  nor  authority  stated.] 

85.  Pholadidea  (Hatasia)  melanura,  bby.  Lower  California,  =  P(e«eV<'//«  Wihonit, 
Conr.,  J.  A.  N.  Sc.  Ph.,  tig.  4  (non  5).  "  This  error  in  figuring  led  ])r. 
Graj'  to  misunderstand  both  the  species  and  Conrad's  idea  of  the  genus 
Penitella."     [Vide  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  1856,  p.  265.] 

87.  Penitella  penita.      [Mr.   Tryon  erroneously  quotes  (Netastoma)  Danvinii,  as 

well  as  Ph.  cornea,  as  synonyms.] 

88.  Jouannetia   (Pholadopgis)  pectinata,   Conr., =  Triomphalia  pulcherrima,  Sby. 

"  California  "  [no  authority],  W.  Columbia. 
127,  "Pholm  refifer,  Miirch,  Mai.  Blatt.  vii.  177,  Dec.  1860.     One  broken  right 
valve,    //at.  KealLlejos.     =  Dactyl ina  (Gitocentrurn)  CAiYowww,  King  [teste 
Tryon]. 

112.  The  following  Table  contains  a  complete  list  ot  all  the  lirolluscs  which 
have  been  identified,  from  Vancouver  Island  to  S.  Diego,  nrranged  so  as  to 
show  at  the  same  time  their  habitat,  and  the  principal  collectors  who  hitve 
obtained  them.  The  species  in  the  first  column  were  o])taincd  by  Prof. 
Nuttall;  in  the  second,  by  Col.  Jewett.  The  third  cohimn  (marked  E.A.) 
contains  the  species  tabulated  from  other  sources  in  the  First  Keport.  Those 
to  the  right  of  the  double  column  are  the  fresh  explorations  recorded  in  this 
Supplementary  Report.  The  fourth  column  contains  the  shells  brought  by 
the  Pacific  Railroad  Expeditions,  as  weU  as  the  species  sent  to  the  ofhcers  ot 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  by  the  Rev.  J.  Rowell  and  their  various  corre- 
epondents.  The  fifth  column  ('  Ken.')  contains  the  species  of  the  American, 
and  the  sixth  ('  Lord ')  of  the  British  Nort/t  Pacific  Boiindaiy  Survey.  The 
seventh  records  the  collections  of  Mr.  Swan  and  his  Indiim  children  ;  the 
last,  those  of  Dr.  Cooper  in  the  Californian  Geological  Survey.  As  a  largo 
proportion  of  the  species  are  as  5-et  unknown,  and  the  diagnoses  will  be  found 
scattered  in  various  periodicals,  some  of  which  are  rarely  accessible  in  this 
country,  it  has  been  judged  needful  to  add  a  few  words  of  description,  with 
references  to  well-known  books.  By  this  means  the  student  will  have  beforo 
him  a  compact  handbook  of  the  fauna,  and  will  distinguish  at  a  glance  th« 
range  of  localities,  and  the  amount  of  authority  for  each.  For  the  full 
ijiionymy,  the  previous  pages  of  the  two  Reports  must  be  consulted.    - 

121 


^AT 


1,       .-. .  ...woi-*^ 


GPS 


REPORT — 18C3. 


Jiesults  of  ihe  Explomtions  in  the  Vaneovvfr  and  Cah'fornian  Province.  18G4. 
{Oinittinif  ihe  doubtfully  located  and  undetermined  sjiecies.) 

The  letters  stand  for  the  localities  in  which  the  shells  were  collected,  as 
follows : — 


Vancouver  Island,  Straits  of  S. 
Juan  de  Fiica,  and  adjoining 
shores  of  Wiishington  Teriitory, 
I'ormrrly  known  as  '  t>regon.' 

Piifret's  Sound  and  the  neighboui-- 
hood. 

Oregon ;  and  the  region  on  each  side 
of  the  Columbia  River. 

California ;  or  the  district  north  of 
the  peninsula,  generally. 
L.  Peninsula  of  Lower  California. 
F.  Neighbourhood  of  S.  Francisco. 


P. 
O. 
C. 


M. 
B. 
D. 


Neighbourhood  of  Monterey. 

„  Sta.  Barbara. 


The  region  between  S.  Diego  and 
S.  Pedro. 
T.  The  islands :    in  the  4th  column, 
generally  the  Faralloues;  in  the 
last,  the  Sta.  Barbara  group. 
H.  Species  obtained  from  the  backs  of 
Ilaliotids  ;     locality    unknown  ; 
probably  Lower  California. 
fr.  Fragments  only. 
jfos.  Only  found  fossil. 


Nutt. 

Jew.    B.  A. 

Smiths.  Ins.'  Ken. 

1 

Lord.'Swan.i    Cooper. 

Defrancia  intricata    

— 

— 

D 

P 
C 

P 

F 

P 

V 
V 

V 

1) 

BD 
MD 

T 

T 

1.  Lingula  albida   

2.  Rhyuconella  psittacea  .... 

3.  Terebratula  uuguiculus. . . . 

4.  Waldheimia  pulvinata  .... 

5.  Califoniica 

6.  Gravi      

7.  Terebratella  Coreanica  .... 

8,  caurina 

P  i   V 

V  —     1 

V  ?T      1 

9.  Xylotrya  pennatifera     .... 
10.  timbriata      

V 

V 

— 

Guide  to  the  Dioffnosis  of  the  Vancouver  and  Californian  Shells. 

Class  PoLYzo.\.     Family  I}iscoporida. 
Defraima  tntricata,  Busk.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  13.     From  Southern  fauna    The  re- 
maining species  in  this  class  have  not  yet  been  determined. 

Class  PALLiOBRAXrHiATA.     Family  Lingulidee. 

1.  Lingtda  albida,  Hds.  Voy.  Sulph. ;  Rve.,  Hani.,  Davidson  et  auct.    20  fin.  c.  Cp. 

Family  Mh/nconellida. 

2.  Rhynconella  psittacea,  Linn.  auct.     E.  &  W.  Atlantic  :  circumpolar. 

Family  Terebratulidfe. 
0.   Terehntulaungiiicrdtis,  n.  8.     Like  Terebratella  caput  serpentism  size,  shape,  and 
sculpture  ;  but  loop  incomplete  in  adult,  as  in  T.  vitrea.     6-20  fm.  not  r.  {)>. 

4.  Waldheitnia  pulvinata,  Gld.     E.E.   Smooth,  subglobular,  ashy.     80  fm.,  living, 

Cp.,  CL 

5.  ?  Waldheimia  Califorvica,  Koch,  non  auct.    Colour  ashy.    Intermediate  between 

Coreanica  and  ghibosa,  Lam.,  Rve.  (which  is  Californica,  auct.  non  Koch). 

6.  Waldheimia  Grai/i,  Davidson.     VeiT  transverse,  reddish,  deeply  ribbed. 

7.  Terebratella  Coreanica,  Ad.  &  Rve.  Voy.  Samarang.     Size  oi  globma;  reddish. 

=:ininiata,  Gld.     Jun.  ?=//-t>;i^«//s,  5lidd.,  Asia. 

8.  Terebratella  caurina,  Gld.  E.E.    Like  dorsata;  subtriangular,  ashy,  with  strong 

or  faint  ribs,  ^ 

Class  Lamf.llibranchiata.     Family  Teredida. 

9.  Xylotrya  pennatifera,  Blainv.  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  18<)0,  p.  126. 

10.  Xylotrya fmbriata,  Jetir.  in  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  1860,  p.  VlQ;—puhntilata,  Fbs.  & 
IliUil.,  non  Liuu.  Phil. 

122 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


637 


Xutt.  Jew. 

1 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins.  Ken. 

Lord.' Swan. 

1 

Cooper. 

11.  Ziipliiea  crispata    

12.  Pholadidea  penita     

13.  ovoidea 

B 

B 

B 
B 

i 

B 
D 

M 

B 
B 

C 
D 
M 

'c 

CL 
P 
P 
C 
C 
C 

VOFMB 
H 

I 

MCH 
PF 

F 
OFM 

P 
P 

P 

P 

P 
P 

P 
P 

V 
V 

V 

?v 

V 

V 

V 
V 



Bfr. 
MD 

M 

C 

D 
D 
D 

FDI 
D 
D 

D 

BI 

14.  Netastoiua  Darwinii     .... 

15.  Marte.^ii  intercalata 

10.  I'arapholas  Californica. . . . 
17.  Sa\icava  pholadis 

18.  rflycimens  prenerosa 

19.  Mva  tnmcata ". 

20.  Platyodon  cancellatus  .... 

21.  Crvptomya  Californica     .  . 

22.  8chizoth»nis  Nuttalli  . . .  . 

2;j.  Davina  dedivis 

24.  Corbula  luteola 

25.  SphiEnia  ovoidea   

26.  >  eiera  pectinata    

Family  Pholadida. 

11.  ZirphfPn  a-i'spata,  Linn.  auct.     E.  &  W.  Atlantic  and  circiimpolar. 

12.  Pholadidea  penita,  Conr.  Ilanl.  s.\ict.=^ concameruta,  Desh.    Shape  from  elongate 

to  ovoid  ;  unibonal  reflexion  closely  adherent. 

13.  Pholadidea  onndfu,  Gld.  Otia.      Umbonal  reflexion  with  anterior  openinof. 

14.  NetaMoma  Danvinii.  Sby.     New  subgenus :  valves  prolonjred,  like  duck's  bill 

instead  of  cups.     Surface  with  concentric  frills.     Quoted  from  "  S.  A." 

15.  Martesia  intercidata,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  19.     From  Southern  fauna. 

16.  Paraphohis   Californica,  Conr.  Hani.  auct.  =  P.  JattelUi,  Desh.     Very  large; 

with  layers  of  thin,  short  cups. 

Family  Saxicavidee. 

17.  Saxicava  pholadis,  Linn,  auct.+var.  arctica,  Linn.  auct.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  234- var. 

ffa.ifrochaitoidea,  ovoid  and  gaping  like  Maz.  Cat.  no.  21+var.  legumen,  Desh., 
elongate,  cylindrical,  scarcely  gaping. 

18.  Ghjcimeris  getierosa,  Gld.  E.E.     Perhaps  =  Pa?jop«a  Faiijasii,  S.Wood,  Crag 

Moll. :  pipes  like  Saxicava. 


circumpolar. 

Low  water :  common. 


Family  Myadee. 

19.  Mya  truncafa,  Linn.  auct.  =  3/.  prcecim,  Gld.     Atlantic  ; 

20.  Plafi/odon  cancellatus,  Conr.  Hani.    Pipe-enda  4-valved. 

Sold  in  S.  Francisco  market,  Cp. 

21.  Cnjptom)ia  Californica,  Conr.     Outside  like  young  Mya ;  mantle-bend  neailj 

obsolete. 

Subfamily  LutrarinoB, 

22.  SchzothfPrus  Nuttalli,  Qnnr.-^Tresus   maximus,  Midd.  Gray=:Z.  capax,  Gld. 

Shape  from  ovoid  to  elongate ;  ren-  large  and  tumid ;  beaks  swollen ;  hinge- 
sides  channeled ;  mantle-bend  joined  to  ventral  line. 

23.  Danna  dedivis,  n.  s.    Outside  like  Machara.    Cai'tilage-pits  produced,  gaping. 


24.  Corhula,  hdenln,  n.  s. 

25.  Sphtrnia  oroidca,  n.  8. 

26.  Neccrn  pectinata,  n.  s, 

40-liOfm.  Cp. 


Family  Corhulida. 

Shape  of  young  biradiata ;  small,  ashy  yellow.    Com.  Cp, 

Sipnonal  area  small ;  front  excurved  ;  mantle-bend  large. 

Principal  nbs  about  12;  beak  smooth.     Like  mkuta. 


638 


REPORT— 18C3. 


N'utt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins.  Ken.  \  Lord. 

Swan.      Cooper. 

27.  Clidiopliora  punctata    .... 
'28.  Kennerlia  filosa 

B 

D 
B 
B 

C 

B 
B 
OB 
D 
C 

B 

B 
B 
B 
F 

PC 

^i 
P 

c 
c 

oc 
c 

I 

D 
P 

VOF 
L 

P 

P 
P 

P 
P 

P 

V 



V 

V 
V 
V 

V 

V 

V 
V 

I 

D 

MD 
D 

T 

D 

D 

D 

D 

1)1 

D 

29.  bicai'inata 

•"50.  Periploma  an^'entaria    .... 
•M.  Tlivttcia  ciirta 

'•i2.  Lyonsia  Califomica 

.'3.  Entodesma  saxicola . . 

U. inHata 

•35.  Mytilimeria  Nuttalli     .... 

;^6.  Plectodon  scaber   

37.  Solen  sicarius     

.37  h. V.  rosaceus    

38.  Solecurtua  Califomianus  . . 
.39.  subteres     

40.  Machsera  patiila     

41.  Saiiuuinolaria  Xuttalli .... 

42.  Psaiimiobia  rubroiadiata  .  . 

Family  Pandorid<e. 

27.  CUdiopJtnra  punctata,  n.  g'.     (Type  of  gPiiiis  =  Prt«<fom  claviculata,  P.  Z.  S.  185.5, 

p.  228.)     Teeth  Jf,  posterior  lonrr,  with  o<.<icle.     Conr.  sp. ;  Yike  CI.  trilineuta, 
but  teeth  more  diverjrent ;  inside  stronyly  punctate. 

28.  Kennerlia  filom,  n.  s.     New  subjrenus  of  Pandora  with  ossicle :  outer  layer  ra- 

diately  <rrooved.     Shell  beaked. 

29.  Kennerlia  bicarinata,  n.  s.     Not  beaked ;  2  post,  keels  in  convex  yalve.  40-60 

fin.  r.  Q^.     May  prove=P.  bilirata,  Conr. 

Family  Anatinida. 

30.  Periploma  arffentaria,  Conr.  Ilanl.     Larjre,  subquadrate. 
.31.   Tiiracia  eurta,  Conr.  Hani.     Stronpr,  subovate. 

32.  Lyonmi  Caiifornica.  Conr.  Ilanl. +6>"ffc^m<«-|-«jViV/rt,Gld.  Outline  variable :  often 

close  to  Atlantic  L.  Floridana :  striated  external  layer  fugacious. 

33.  Entndesma  sa.vicola,  Baird.     Subgenus  of  Lyonsia :  animal  nestling,  iri'Pgular. 

Close  to  E.  cimeata,  Ad.  &  Kve.     Form  protean :  brittle,  thick,  luri'l,  with 
enormous  ossicle.     Var.  cylindracea  has  the  form  of  Sa.vicava  pfioladis. 

34.  Entodesma  injlata,  Conr.  =  diaphana,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  ISoo,  p.  228.    From  Southern 

fauna.     Like  picta,  but  pale,  without  pinch. 

35.  Mytilimeria  yuttalli,  Conr.  Ilanl.     ?  Subgenus  of  Lyonsia :  rounded,  with  spiral 

umbos. 
30.  Plectodon  scnher,n.  g., U.S.   Shape  of  7%eo/*a :  dorsal  margins  twisted-in  spirally 
inside  umbos.     Lateral  teeth  laminated,  with  internal  cartilage  hidden,  ap- 
pressed.     2  r.  valves,  40-00  fm.  Cp. 

Family  Solenidee, 

37.  Sokn  sicarius,  Gld.  Otia.     Nearly  straight,  rather  short,  truncated. 

376.  <So/e»  ?  var.  roaacem.    Straight,  narrower,  longer,  smaller ;  glossy,  rosy. 

Family  Solecurtidce. 

38.  Solecurtus  Californianm,  Conr.  Ilanl.     May  be  a  var.  of  the  Peruvian  ?Domheyt. 

Yellowish  ash,  with  ventral  parallel  grooves,   A  ?var.  without  grooves  closely 
resembles  yihbtis. 
,39.  SoWurtm  siibferes,  Conr.  Hani.    Small,  compact,  with  violet  rays. 

40.  Manhfera  patida,  Dixon siS.  mavimtts,  '\Vooi:=  yrandis,  Gmel.  =  Siliqua  Xuttalli 

?  -{-lucida,  Conr.  (var.  jun.)  Asia. 

Family  Tellinida. 

41.  Sin^uinohria  NidiaUi,  Conr.  \l'\r\\.  =  Pi<immob{a  decora,  Hds.     Flat,  rounded. 

42.  Piaiinivjbia  rubro-radiata,  Nutt.    Large :  9hap3  of  veiperLina :  rayed  with  lilac 

124 


ox  MOLLrsCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XORTH   AMERICA. 


639 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.  A.  Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper.    1 

43.  Macoiiia  spcta    

0 
OD 

0 
B 

D 

D 
B 

C    '     MIL 

P 

P 
P 
P 

P 
P 
P 
P 

V 
V 

V 
V 
V 
V 

V 



V 
V 

V 
V 

D 

D 

D 

MD 

F 

FM 

D 
MI 
D 
M 
D 
D 

1)1 
DI 

OC: 
0 

i 

OF 
C 

PO 

VPOF 
0 

OF 

D 

DL 
F 
0 

D 

44.  inilentata 

45.  yoldifonuis    

47.  inquinata 

476. ?  edentula 

48.  V.  expansa 

49.  incon.«picua   

50.  Angulus  niodestus    

506. ohtusus    

52.  Gouldii      

53.  M.pra  salmonea    .... 

54.  Tellina  Bodegensis   

55.  Arcopagia  lamellata .. 

56.  (Edalia  suodiaphana 

57.  Cooperella  scintillietbrmis  . 

58.  Lutricola  alba    

43.  Macnmn  s«>efrt,Conr.  Hani.    Large, flat,  rounded,  glossy;  winged  behind  ligament. 
43  6.  Mucoma  var.  edulis,  Xutt.     Northern  form,  le.ss  transver.se ;  te.xture  dull. 

44.  Macmnn  indtntata,  n.  8.     Like  secta,  jun.,  but  beaked,  indented,  and  Aentrally 

produced. 

45.  Macoma  yoldiformis,  n.  s.    Small,  white,  glossy,  yeiy  transverse ;  ligament-ai'ea 

8Cooped-out. 

46.  Macoma   nasuta,  Conr.  auct.-f-^er«a,  Gld.     Large,  beaked,  twisted;    mantle- 

bend  touching  opposite  scar  in  one  valve.  From  Kamtschatka  to  S.  Diego. 
Cape  Lady  Franklin,  70^,  Belcher,  1820.  3  ft.,  mud,  between  tide-marlcs, 
Lord. 

47.  Macoma  inquinata,  Desh.  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  357.     Like  degraded  nasxita  ;  mantle- 

bend  a  little  separated  from  scar  in  both  valves. 
47  6.  Macoma  Yedenttua,  Brod.  &  Sby.  jun. ;  or  an  abnormal  var.  of  inqiiinatn. 

48.  Macoma  ?var.  e.rpanm.     Scars  like  lata  and  calcarea  in  Mus.  Cum.,  but  teeth 

Scarcely  differs  from  lata,  Desh.  in   B.  M. 


49. 


not  bifid,  very  thin,  glo§^% 

Greenland. 
Macoma  inconspicua,  Br.  &  Shy.  — Sang.  Californiana,  Conr.     Probably  ="  Fa- 

bricii=fragilis,  Fabr."  in  "Mus.  Cum.     Like  thin,  flat  solidula:  pink;  var. 

large,  white.    8-15  fm.  Lyall. 
60.  Angulus  modestus,  n.  s.   (Subg.  of  Tellina.)     Like  tener,  Say ;  but  with  callus 

between  mantle-bend  and  scar.     White. 
50  6.  Angulus  ?var.  obtusus.    Inside  like  modestus ;  but  beaks  obtuse. 

51.  Angulus  variegatus,  n.  s.     Shape  of  obtusus :  no  callus ;  rayed  with  pink  and 

yellow.     20-60  fm.  r.  C/>. 

52.  .4H(yM/««Goj«/</«,  Hani.  MS.  inMua.  Cum.  Small,  white;  ant.  ventr.  side  swollen. 

53.  Mcera  salmonea,  n.  s.   (Scarcely  differs  from  Angulus.)     Small,  subquadrate, 
glossy,  salmon-tinted.     Beach-20  fm.  Cp. 

TeUina  Bodegemis,  Hinds,  Voy.  Sulph.  Large,  strong,  transverse,  with  con- 
centric grooves. 

Arcopagia  lamellata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  58.     One  fine  pair  in  shell  washings. 

(Edidia  subdiaphana,  n.  g.,  n.  s.  Thin,  swollen,  shape  of  Kellia,  ligament  sur- 
rounding beaks :  hinge  with  5  bifid  teeth  (3-2)  ;  no  laterals ;  large  mantle- 
bend. 

Coo})erella  scintiUaformis,  n.  8.  New  subgenus  of  (Edalia.  Cartilage  semi- 
intenial :  only  1  tooth  bifid. 

Lutricola  a/<a,  Conr.  {Tellina).  For  this  group  (=Capsa,  "Bosc,"  Add.  non 
Lam.),  scarcely  agreeing  with  either  Macoma  or  Scrobicularia,  Blaiuville's 

126 


54. 

55. 
56. 


57, 

68, 


640 


EEPORT — 1863. 


5!(.  Semele  deeisa     

<■>().  rupium 

(51.  runrolineata 

()2.  pulchia 

ti.'i.  iiicongrua 

«;4.  CiTminjria  Califnrnica  . . . . 

<> '.  Donax  f  "alifornicus   

(!().  tlexuo.sus    

07.  navicula    

<)•*.  Heterorlonax  bimaciilatus 
(iO.  Standella  Californica    . . .  . 
(■)'.)  6. nasuta   

70.  plaiiulata 

71.  i'alcata   

72.  Raeta  undulata 

T'-i.  dementia  sul'diaphana    . . 

74.  Amiantis  callosa    

75.  I'achj-desma  crassatelloides 
70.  Psephis  tantilla 


Nutt 

Jew. 

B.  A. 

Smiths.  Id9. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

CociPt-r. 

D 

D 

C 

— 

— 

— 

I 

D 

D 

— 

D 

— 

V 

D 
I 

1)1 
D 

B 
B 

B 

C   1 

DL 

— 

— 

— 

D 

— 

—  ' 

D 
L 

— 

s 

B 

B 

— 

F 

— 

— 

Yfr. 

D 

B 

— 

c 

— 

— 

— 

D 
D 

— 

p 

L 

— 

P 

— 

V 

B 

B 

c 

L 

P 

V 

— 

D 

BD 

B 

c 

FM 





V/r. 

D 

— 

B 

0 

P 

V 

V 

I 

svnonnnic  name  may  be  reviyed  in  restricted  sense.     S^ecies= bianfftilata, 

?.  Z.  S.  185.-,,  p.  230. 
I5n.  Srmele  dca'sa,  Conr.  aiict.     Large,  roiifrh,  like  Penn-ian  corrvgafa,  but  truncated. 
00.  iiewele  rttpiiim,  Sby.      Smaller,  roiijrh,  swollen ;    with   smaller  mautle-beud. 

Galapagos.     Not  r.  Cp. 
61.  Semele  rubrolineata,  (?  Conr.).    Flattened,  same  shape,  with  faint  sculpture  each 

way,  and  pink  rays.     [Conrad's  lost  shell  may  be  young  deeisa.'] 
02.  Semele  pukhin,  Sby.    Transverse,  crowded  concentric  sculpture,  with  radiating 

lines  at  sides.     Southern  fauna. 
6-3.  Semele  incongrua,  n.  s.     Like  pulchra,  with  concentric  sculptiu'e  differing  in  r. 

and  1.  valves:  fine  radiating  striae  all  over.     40-00 fm.  c.  Cp. 

64.  Cumitigia  Californica,  Conr.  auct.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  44. 

65.  Donax   Califoniicus,  Conr.  (non  Desh.)  =o6esMS,  Gld.  (non  Desh.).     Smooth, 

stumpy :  outline  and  colour  variable. 
00.  Donate  jiexuosus,  Gld.     Like  punctostriata  jun.   with  stronger  keel,   and  no 

punctures. 
67.  Dmiax  navicula,  Sby.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  77.     From  Southera  faima. 
G8.  Hetervdonax  bimacidatus.  Broad  var.,  generally  violet,  =  P»ffw»no6(rt  Pacijlcaf 

Cour.=  Tellina  vicina,  C.  B.  Ad.    Cape  St.  Lucas,  A  capulco,  W.  Indies. 

Family  Mactrides. 

69.  Standella  Calif omica,C(mr.  (non  Desh.).     Large,  shaped  like  Schiz.  Nuttallifhnt 

beaks  naiTow.     Mantle-bend  separate  from  ventral  line. 
69  6.  Standella  ?  var.  nastda,  Gld.  (suppressed).     Revived  for  young  shells  between 
Californica  and  plnmdata,  till  more  is  known. 

70.  Standella  plamdata,  Conr.    Nearly  as  large  ;  shape  approaching  Mactrella  e.rokta, 

71.  Standella  fakata,  Gld.  Otia.     Shape  like  plamdata,  but  flatter. 

72.  Haeta  itndtdata,  Gld.  Otia.     Like  the  Atlantic  R.  canaliculata,  but  reversed. 

Bare  at  S.  Pedro,  Cp. 

Family  Veneridee. 

73.  ?  dementia  suhdiaphana,  n.  s.     Hinge  normal,  very  thin,  ashv. 

74.  Amiantis  callosa,  Conr.  (not  auct.).     Subgenus  ol  Callista :  liinge-plate  rough- 

ened as  in  Mercenaria :  mantle-bend  as  in  Dosinia.     L.  w.  com.  Cp. 

75.  Pachydesma  crassatelloides,  Conr.  auct.    Subgenus  of  Trtgona,  with  fewer  teeth : 

j\in.  =  stultorum,  Gray. 

76.  Psephis  tantilla,  Gld.  Otia.     Subgenus  of  Vmus :  animal  ovoviviparous.    Teeth 

elongate,  approaching  Poc^ycfejnia.  SmaU,  with  purple  spot.  12-20  fin.  c.  Cp. 


126 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OK  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


cn 


I  i . 
78. 
79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 

.<;3. 

84. 
85. 
8(5. 
87. 
87 
87 
SS. 
89. 
90. 
91. 
92. 
9?. 
94. 
95. 


Psephis  Lordi    . . , 

salmonea  . . . 

tellimyalis     . 

Venus  Kennerleyi . 
Chione  succincta  . 


excavata  . 
simillima  . 
fluctifrasra . 


Tape."?  tenerrima    .... 

laciniata   

staminea    

b.  var.  Petitii .... 

c.  var.  ruderata  . . 

,  Saxidonius  aratus .... 

Nuttallii    

,  squalidus 

,  brevi.siphonatu3 

.  Riipellaria  lamellifera 
,  Petricola  carditoides 

Chama  exoinTa 

,  pellucida 


Nntt.  Jew.  j  B.  A, 


BD 
D 
D 
D 


DC 


D 


D 
BD 
BD 

B 


D 

D 
D 
B 


D 
F 

M 
MB 

B 


C 
C 
F 
M 
F 
C 


C 
O 

C 

C 

c 
c 


Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lor.!. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

— 

P      V 

V 

I 

DI 

11 

p 

— 

V 

D 

L 

— 

— 

— 

D 

D 

— 

— 

— 

D 

F 





V 

D 

D 







D 

FD 

— 

— 

— 

FD 

VPOM 

p 

V 

^ 

FM 

F 







FD 







FD 

VPOF 

p 

V 
V 

V 

— 

D 





M 

F 

p 



V 

M 

LII 







D 

MD 

— 

— 

— 

FMD 

77.  Psephis  Lordi,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  1863.  Teeth  nomal :  pure  white.  20-40  fm.  c.  Cp. 

78.  Psephis  sabnmiea,  n.  s.     Very  small,  rounded,  teeth  elongate :  salmon-coloured, 

30-40  fm.  r.  Cp. 

79.  Psephis  tellimyalis,  n.  8.     Shape  of  Tellimya :   central  tooth  minute ;  outsido 

teeth  long. 

80.  Venhs  Kennerleyi,  Rve.     Large,  transverse,  flattened,  ashy :  strong  cone.  ribs. 

Young  like  astartea,  Midd.  (not  Jliictitata,  Gld.). 

81.  Chione  sticcincta,Yal.=  Califomiensis,Brod.  =  XutfaIli,Conr.   Cone,  ribs  smooth. 

82.  Chi^me  e.rcavata,  Cpr.  P.  Z,  S.  1856,  p.  216.     Scarcely  ditibrs  from  canctlluta. 

Possibly  exotic. 

83.  Chione  simillima,  Sbv.     Finely  sculptured  each  way. 

84.  Chionejliicfifraffa,  Shj. -\-callosa.  Shy.     hike  Stutchburyi:  swollen,  irregular. 

85.  Tajief  tenerrima,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  200,  (jun.)=  V.  rigida,  Gld.  pars,  f.  538. 

Verj'  large,  thin,  flat ;  long  pointed  sinus. 

86.  Tapes  laciniata,  n.  s.     Large,  swollen,  brittle,  ashen ;  sculpture  pectinated. 

87.  Tapes  staminea,  Conr.     Strong,  shape  of  decmsata ;  sculpture  clo.se ;  yellowish. 

Var.  diversa.  Shy. ^mundidits,  live,  ilore  swollen,  clouded  with  chocolate. 
Var.  Petitii,  Desh. =rif/ida,  Gld.  pars.  Dead  white,  sculpture  stronger  faint, 
open  or  close.  2  ft.  deep  in  mud,  between  tides,  Lord.  Var.  tumida,  Sby. 
A  ery  swollen.  Var.  orbella,  rounded,  globose.  Var.  ruderata,  Desh.  Con- 
centric sculpture  laminated. 

88.  Saridotnus  aratm,  Gld.  Otia.    Verv  large,  oval,  with  regular  concentric  ridges. 

89.  Saxidomus  Ntdtallii,  Conr.  auct.     Transverse,  subquadrate,  iiTegularly  grooved. 

90.  Saxidomus  squalidus,  Desh.     Large,  variable  outline,  broader,  scarcely  sculp- 

tured. 

01.  Saxidomus  hremsiphotiatus,  n.  8.     Smaller,  Cff/fe/rt-shaped ;  close,  faint  concen- 
tric lines  over  distant  waves ;  mantle-bend  very  small. 

Family  Petricolidce. 

92.  Rupcllaria  lamellifera,  Conr.^ Cordieri,  Desh.     With  large  concentric  laminso. 
No  radiations. 

03.  Petricola  carditoides,  Conr. -f- Ca/j/brwiVa,  Conr.+cylindracea,  Desh. +arcKnta, 

Desli.-|-/7)'66fl,  Midd.  Of  various  aspects,  like  Sojicava.  Normally  shaped 
like  Cypricardia,  with  fine  sculpture  like  Naranio. 

Family  Chamidte. 

04.  Chama  exngyra,  Conr.     Keversed  ;  texture  opaque ;  rudely  frilled. 

05.  Chama  pellucida,  Shj.    Dexti'al,  texture  porcellauous,  rosy  j  closelv  frilled.   S.A, 
1803.  ^127 


&i2 


EipottT— 18G3. 


JfHtt 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smitha.  Ina. 

Ken. 

Lor.l. 

Swan.l     Cooiier 

Wi,   L'haiiiii  spinosa 

OB 
t$ 

D 

P 
D 
D 

B/». 
B 

B 

OC 
P 

c 
p 

VPOF 
D 

H 
D 

P 
P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

V 
V 

Y 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

?D     1 
F 
D 

I 
I 

IJ 
i) 

I 

PC 

I 

I 
MDI 

I 
I 

DI 

<'( .  Cardiuni  corbis 

!*8.  qiiadrafrenarium  .... 

{>9.  var.  blandiim    

UH).  var.  eentitilosHin  .... 

Id.  riemieardium  bianirulatura 
1(>2.  Serriiies  Grcenlandicus. . . . 

l();i.  Liiocardiuin  elatiim 

104.  substriatuni 

10.5.  Astarte  compaeta 

10().  Esqiiimalti    

107. fluctuata   

1"8.  Miodon  prolongatus 

109.  Veuericardia  borealis    .... 
1()9  5.  ia)-_  ventricosa  .  . .  . 

110.  Lazaria  subqiiadrata 

111.  Lucina  Nuttallii    

112. Califoi-nica    

11.3.            bella 

114.  tenuisc'ulpta 

9G. 


Cliama  spitiusa,  Sby.   Ridges  broken  into  close  short  spines.   Maz.  Cat.  no.  12-. 

Family  Cardiada. 
Cardium  corbis,  Mart.  ^i\''MttrtW+  Californianum,  Conr.    Large,  earthen ,  ratlier 

nodulous ;  posterior  margin  strongly  indented  V'  2  first  ribs.   Asia.   8-15  fin. 

LyaU.     Jun.  in  stomach  of  starfish,  12  fm.  Lord. 
Curdlum  quadra ffenariuin,  ConT.=luteolabrum  {=xanthocheilum),  Gld.     Very 

large ;  40  ribs,  wnth  aculeate  spines. 
Cardium  var.  hlaudum,  Gld.  Otia.     Delicate  form  of  the  Asiatic  pseiuhfosxih, 

'Rye. =: Call fiirniense,  De^h.     Transverse;  close,  flat  ribs;  margin  regulai". 

8-15  fm.  Lyall. 
.   Cardium  var.  centijilosum.     Probably=morflp»^M»n,  Ad.  &  Rve.  ;  hut  roimclrr, 

ribs  sharper  and  more  distant.    Belongs  to  subg.  Fulvia,  Gray.    30—10  fni.  Cp. 
Hcmirardnim  hiarigulatum,  Sby.     Southern  fauna.     10-20  fm.  living.  Cp. 
Serripes  Grwnlandicu.^  Chem.  auct.     Boreal.     Rounder  than  S.  Laperousii. 
Liomrdium  ehtum,  Sby.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  124.     Gulf  fauna.     Very  large,  Cp. 
Liocardium  suhstriatum,  Conr.=cr>umtatum,  Gld.     Almost  identical  with  the 

Peruvian  Eletwnse. 

Family  Astartidce. 

Astarte  compacta,  n.  s.     Like  compressa,  hut  closer ;  dorsal  margins  straight, 
at  right  angles. 
,  Astarte  Esqiiimalti,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  180-3,  p.  70.     Subtrigonal ;  ribs  irregular. 
,  ? Astarte  fluctuata,  n.  a.   Very  close  to  Owia/jV,jim.  of  Coralline  Crag.   2  right  v. 
.30-40  fm.  Cp. 
Miodon  prolongatus,  n.  g.,  n.  s.     Outside  Lucinoid ;  hinge  and  scars  nearer  to 
Venericardia.    Congeneric  with  .4  •frtr<<'  orbicularis,^ .  Sby.  Min.  Conch,  pi.  444. 
f.  2,  .3  (non  ejusdem,  pi.  520.  f  2).  G.  Oolite ;  and  with  the  Crag  Cardita  corbi*. 
Venericardia  borealis,  Conr.   N.  Atlantic,  from  Miocene.    ]  20  fiu.  Cat.  Is.  Cp. 
h.   Venericardia  var.  ventricosa,  Gld.     Small,  swollen.     -30-40  fm.  Cp. 
,  Lazaria  8ubqttadrata,a.  a.   Hinge  oi Lazaria:  outside  like  Cardita  varieffata, jun. 

Family  Lucinida. 
n  1.  Lucina  Nuttallii,  Conr.  Hani.     Like  muricata,  with  more  delicate  sculpture. 
112.  Lucina  Californica,  Conr.   Dosinoid,  with  waved  lunule.   J\in.?  =  L.Arte7nidis, 

P.  Z.  S.  185(5,  p.  201. 
11.3.  Lucina  bella,  Conr.     Shell  not  known  ;  maybe  =pectinata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  142. 
114.  Lucina  tennisndpta.  n.  s.     Like  Mazatlanica,  Cat.  no.  144,  more  convex,  with 

liner  sculpture.    4  fm.  living,  Cp,     The  island  vai*.  is  intermediate.     120  fiu, 

dead,  Cp,  jgg 


97. 


99. 


100, 

101. 
102, 
103, 
104, 


105. 

106 
107, 

lOB, 


109. 
109 
110, 


ON  MOM,rsC.\  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  VDRrn   .AAIFRICA. 


r.43 


Nutt.  Jew. 

1 

B.A. 

Smiths.  In^ 

Kt-n. 

lonl.  Swan.'     Cooper. 

115.  I.ucina  bnroalis    

116.  Cryptodon  flexuosus 

1 17. serricatus    

118.  Diplodnnta  orbella 

1 19.  Kellia  Laperou.sii    

1196.  var.  Chironii    . . . . 

120.  rotundata    

121.  suborbicularis 

122.  I,a*ea  rubra 

123.  Pytliina  rugifera 

124.  Lepton  meroeum    

125.  Tellimya  tumida 

12(5.  Pristes  oblonjrus 

127.  Mvtilus  Califomianus. .  . . 

128.  —^~-  edulis 

B 

MD 
C 

?C 
B 

B 

B 

C 

c 
c 

M 
B 
B 

c 

C 

C 

c 

F 
F 
C 
P 

C 

D 
M 

M 
H 

PFC 
PC 

FH 

VH 
M 

P 
P 

P 
P 
P 

P 

P 
P 

P 

V 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 
V 

V 

V 
V 

V 

I 
I 
I? 

D 
D 

DI 

I 

D 
I) 
D 
FDI 
F 

DI 
D 
M 

D 

12H6.  var.  plomeratus    . . 

129.  Septifer  bifurcatus 

l.'W.  Modiola  rapax     

1-31.  modiolus 

1 :12.  fomicata 

133.           recta    

115.  Lucvia  horealis,  Linn,  axxci.  ■^acuHUneata,  Conr.     Widely  diffused,  from  Coral- 

line Crag.     Philippines,  teste  Cuminfr.     30-120  fm.  Cp. 

116.  Cii/pfndon /lexuo^is,}ilont.  SLiict.    Atlantic,  circumpolar.    Cat.  Ls.  120  fm.  Q*. 

117.  Cn/pfndon  seriicatm,  n.  s.     Small,  circular,  flat ;  epidermis  silken.     ?  Cat.  Is. 

Cp.  120  fm. 

Family  DiplodontidcB. 

118.  Diplodonta  orbella,  Gld.  Otia.=(J/ysi"a)  SphcerelJa  tumida,  Conr. 

Family  KclUadff. 

119.  Kellta  Lnperousil,  Desh.  Woodw.     Typically  large,  stronsr,  transverse. 
119  6.  Kfllia  \nx.  Chironii.     Thinner,  l»iss  tranjiverse,  margins  roimded. 

120.  KrIUa  rotundata,  n.  s.     Larger,  flatter,  and  less  peaily  than  suborbicularia. 

Margin  circular. 

121.  Kvllia  suborUcidnris,  Mont.  auct.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  153.    N.  Atlantic  :  W.  Mexico. 

Exactly  accords  with  British  sp.     30-40  fm.  Cp. 

122.  i.7st'a  rM6rrt,  Mont.  auct.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  154.  N.Atlantic:  W.Mexico.    Exactly 

accords  with  British  .«p. 

123.  Put/tin  I  rugifera,  n.  s.   Large,  thin,  slightly  indented ;  teeth  minute ;  epidermis 

shaggy. 

124.  Lvpfun  meroeum,  n.  s.     Small,  fhaped  like  Sunaptfi. 

125.  TeUimya  tumida,  n.  s.     Between  hidentata  and  xuhxtrinta  :  ossicle  minute. 
12(3.  Priates  ohlontpis,  n.  g.,  n.  s.     Like  Tellimya,  with  long  marginal  teeth,  serrated 

neai'  hinge. 

Family  Mytiltdo'. 

1 27.  Mfitilm  Californiamts,  Conr.   9  in.  long :  stained  with  sienna :  obsoletely  ribbed. 

128.  Mytilus  edidis,  Linn.  auct.=<rossM//«,  Gld.   Abundant  on  whole  coast,  with  the 

usual  .*  tlantic  vars.     Between  tide-marks,  Lord :  also  brown  var.  on  float- 
ing stick. 
1 28  6.  Mytilus  ?  var.  yfomeratus,  Gld.  Otia.     Short,  stumpy,  solid,  crowded. 

129.  Septifer  bifurcatus,  Rve.     Outsitde  like  Mytilui  h.  Conr.  from  Sandw.  Is. 

130.  Modiola  capax,  Conr.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  170.     From  Southern  fauna.  ■    ' 

131.  Modiola  modiolus,  \j\rai.  SMct.     Circumboreal.     8-15  fm.  jun.  Zyfl//. 

132.  Modioln  fomicata,  n.  s.     Short,  swollen,  like  large  M.  marmorata ;  but  smooth, 

not  crenated. 

133.  Modioln  recta,  Conr.     6  in.  long,  thin,  narrow,  rhomboidal.     Chafl-like  hairs 

over  glossy  epideiuiis. 

9  129  -:v-. 


644 


REPORT 18C3. 


VVib.  Mo.ii()1a  var.  flabt-llata 

I'U.  Adiila  falcata 

1.J5.  stvlina 

l;}t).  Lithopfeagus  plumula. . 

137.  attenuatiis 

138.  Modiolaria  Isevij^ata    . . 
1.39.  marmorata 

140.  Crenella  decussata  . . . . 

141.  Area  multicostata   .... 

142.  Barbatia  gradata 

14-3.  A.vinsea  intermedia 

144.  var.  subobsoleta  .  . 

145.  Nucula  tenuis 

146.  Acila  castrensis  . . 

147.  Leda  caelata 

148.  ciineata    

140.  niinuta 

150.  fossa     

151.  hamata    


Nutt.  Jew.  I  B.  A. 


M 


B 


V 
M 


Smiths.  In  . 


VP 

FM 

OF.M 

M 

H 


D 


ODI 


Krn.    Lord.  Swan. 


P 
P 


P 
P 


P 
P 


V 


V 
V 


Coopt  r. 


D 
D 


D 
MDI 


I 
MD 
MDI 


BI 


133  6.  3fodiola  vex.Jlahellata,  Gld.     Northern  form,  somewhat  broader. 

134.  Adida  falcita,  Gld.  Otia.  Subgenus  enlarged  to  include  species  intermediata 
between  Modiola  and  Lithophagus :  shape  of  latter,  byssiferous  like  foiiaer, 
nestling  in  crypta.  Sp.  =  GrMMm,  Phil.  MS.  Shape  not  always  falcate: 
chestnut,  rugose. 

1.35.  Adula  stylina,  n.  s.     Shorter,  broader ;  epidermis  brown,  glossy. 

13(1  Lithophagus  plumula,  Hani.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  175.     From  Soutliern  fauna. 

137.  Lithophagus  attetiuatiis,  J)>ish.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  173.     From  Southern  fauna. 

138.  Modiolaria  Icevigata,  Gray.     Exactly  accords  with  Atlantic  specimens.     Cir- 

cumboreal. 

139.  Modiolaria  marmorata,  Fbs.  &  Hani.     Exactly  accords  with  Atlantic  speci- 

mens.    Circumboreal. 

140.  Crenella  decussata,  Mont.     Exactly  accords  with  Atlantic  specimens.    Cu'cum- 

boreal.     10-40  tm.  not  r.  Cp. 

Family  Arcada. 

141.  Area  multieostata,  Sby.   Maz.  Cat.  no.  181.  |  ^^        a     j.-,        p 

142.  Barbatia  gradata,  Sby.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  194.  (  ^""""^  Southern  fauna. 

143.  A.iin<ea  intermedia,  Brod.  =  liarharemis,  Conr.  fossil.  Closely  accords  with 
the  Peruvian  specimens.     40-60  fm.  Cp. 

AriufPa  (?  septentrionalis,  Midd.  var.)  subobsoleta.    Sculpture  much  fainter  than 
in  Midd.'8  fig. 


144. 


Family  Nuculidee, 

145.  Nucula  tenuis,  Mont.  auct.    Agrees  with  var.  lucida,  Gld.     Circumboreal. 

146.  Acila  castrensis,  Hds.  Suifh.-\- Lgalli,  Baird.     Subg.  of  Nucidn  with  divari- 

cate sculpture ;  onlv  known  in  Crag  and  N.  Pacific.     40-00  fui.  Cp. 

147.  Leda  cmlata,  Hds.  Sulph.   Swollen,  strongly  sculptured :  teeth  veiy  numerous. 

10-60  fm.  Cp. 

148.  Leda  cuneata,  Sby.  D'Orb.  teste  Hani.    (Scarcely  differs  from  commutata,  Phil. 

in  Mus.  Cxxm.)  =  inornata,  A.  Ad.  Chili.    0-60  fm.  Cp. 

149.  Leda  minuta,  O.  Fabr.  teste  Hani.     Circumboreal,    Agrees  with  Norwegian 

specimens  of  "  caudata,  Don."  teste  M' Andr. 

150.  Leda  fossa,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  71.     Between  minuta  and  pemula.     Sculp- 

ture nearly  obsolete. 

151.  Leda  hamata,  n.  s.     Like  Steenstrvpi  and  pernuhides,  but  very  hooked,  sculp- 

ture strong.    20-60  £m.  c.  Cp, 

130 


ox  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


645 


NuU.   Jew. 

B.A. 

Smithi.  Int. 

Ken. 

Loni. 

.S«an. 

Cooper. 

152.  Yoldia  lanceolata    

^__ 

_ 

^^ 

^^ 

P 

^.. 



.... 

153.  anivgdala     







^. 

P 







154.  Verticoriia  ornata 



^_ 

._— 

... 







BI 

1 55.  Bn-ophila  setosa 

— 

— 

— 

H 

— 

— 

— 

?C 

150.  Lima  orientalis    

— 



__ 

_ 







MDI 

157.  Limatula  subaiiriculata  . . 







,_ 







DI 

158.  Pecten  hastatus    



B 

P 

^^ 

P 

V 

V 

M 

159.  ?iw.  Ilindsii 

^ 

— 

P 

.^^ 

P 

V 

V 



100.  var.  aequisiilcatus  . . 

— 

B 

— 

D 

— 

— 

— 

BD 

101.  paucico.otatus 

102.  rvar.  latiauritus  .... 

— 

B 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

I 

BD 

D 

c 

D 

._ 

—^ 



D 

1026. monotimeris    

BD 

D 

c 

DL 

... 

._ 



D 

1<>}.  Amusium  caurinum    .... 

— 

Cjn. 

0 

VO 

P 



V 



104.  .lanira  dentata 

C 

C 

c 

Pil 

P 

V 

V 

MD 
D 

105.  Hinnites  prifranteus 

100.  Ostrea  lurida    

— 

— 

— 

VPO 

P 

V 

V 

F 

152.   Yoldia  lanceolata,  J.  Sby.  Hani.  =  arctica,  Brod.  &  Sby.     (Not  Adratta  I.,  Lam. 

G.  Sby.)     With  ant.  diajronal  lines. 
163.   Yoldia  amyffdala,  var.  teste  Hani.     Like  lanceolata,  without  posterior  wing, 

and  anterior  sculpture. 

Family  ?  Trigoniada. 

154.  Verticordia  ornata, 'D'OTh.  =  novfmcostata,  Xdi.k^ve,      Samarang.     Exactly 

accords  with  Chinese  types.    S.  A.    20-40  fm.  Cp. 

Family  Avicididte. 

155.  Bryophila  setom,  n.  g.,n.  s.,  Ann.  X.  H.  1804,  p.  10.     Like  minute,  broad  Pinna. 

Animal  ovoviviparous.     Sta  Barbara,  20  fm.  Cp. 

Family  Pectinidee. 
150.  Lima  orientali.%,  Ad.  &  Eve.,  Samaran^r,  in  Mus.  Cum. =  dehiscens,  Conr.  fos.«il, 
teste  Cp.    ^'ery  close  to  voung  of  L.  hians,  var.  tenera.     Beach  to  20  fm.  c.  Cp. 

157.  Limatida  sid>aiiiivvlata,  Mont.  Fbs.  &  Hani.     Circumboreal.     Fossil  in  Crag. 

Islands,  40-120  fm.  not  r. ;  S.  Diego,  1  valve,  4  fm.  Cp. 

158.  Pecten  hastati(s,^hy.  =  hericetis,(}\d.   Elongated;  a  few  principal  ribs  serrated : 

ears  unequal.     In  var.  rubidm,  Hds.  (non  Mart.),  the  ribs  aie  equal,  not 
serrated. 

159.  Pecten    (?var.)    Hindsii.     Broader;   ribs  close,  small,  smooth,  bifurcating. 

Passes  from  hastatvs  towards  Islandiatx. 

100.  Pecten  eequistdcattis,  ?  n.  s.     Thinner  and  flatter  than  ventricosus,  with  narrower 

ribs. 

101.  Pecten  paucicostattts,  ?  n.  s.     Somewhat  resembling  veiy  young  caurinus ;  but 

ribs  fewer,  stronger. 

102.  Pecten  latiauritus,  Conr.  (pars).     Ribs  sharply  defined,  with  sharp  concentric 

laminae.     Possibly  an  extreme  form  of 
\^2b. Pecten  tnonotifneris,  Conr.  =  tunica,  Fhil. -\-latiai(rittis,  Conr.  pars.     Passes  into 
Amusium.    Very  slanting,  tliin,  with  faint  ribs. 

103.  Amusium  caurinum,  Gld.  E.  E.     Large,  flat,  thin,  very  inequivalve.    Var.  = 

Yessoensis,  Jay.     Japan. 
IG4.  Jaiiira  dentata,  Shy.  =  ea:cavata,\&\.\en.    hike  media.    From  the  Gulf  fauna. 

Beach-20  fm.  Cp. 

Family  Spondylidee. 
.Sjo.  Hinnites  giganteus,  Gray,  Analvst.  =  Pouhoni,  Com-.   Very  large,  Spondyloid : 

ligament  as  in  Pedum,  strongly  adherent  along  the  ears. 

66. 


Ostrea  lurida,  n.  8. 
stains.     2-3  fm. 


Family  Ostreidte. 


Shape  of  edidis :  texture  dull,  Imid,  olivaceous,  with  purple 
on  mud  flats,  Lord. 

131 


646 


REPORT 1 863. 


Nutt. 

Jew.    B.  A. '  Smitha.  lua.  Km.    i^vti. 

[                       1 

&Muu.|     Cooj>fr. 

\<M\h.  Ostiea  v(ir.  laticaudata  . .    — 

\{-(\c. I'tir.  rufnides    — 

1<«k/. rar.  expansa   >  — 

M)7.  conchaphila    ..  [ma    1) 

MW.  Placunanonuamacrnschis-   — 
JtiJt.  Anoiuia  lanipe — 

170.  Cavolinn  telenius     i  — 

171.  J^iilla  nebulosa     !   B 

!72.  Quo^^ — 

1 73.  Ilaniinea  liydatis '  — 

1 74.  resiciila   — 

1 75.  virescens '  — 

D 
?B 

B 

C 

OC 
C 

C 

I 

c 

D 

L 

VF 
L 

DL 

L 

?P 

D 
I 

P 

P 

P 
P 

V 
V 

V 

V 

F 
D 
D 
D 
F 
D 
I 

DI 
D 

D 
BD 

D 
MI 

—  Philinid     '  — 

p                                      1  

170.  Tornatella  punctocfflata. .    — 
1 77.  Tomatina  culcitella     ....    — 

lijGb.Odrea  var.  laticaiidnta,  Nutt.  MS.     Piirple,  winfred,  waved:  denticles  near 

hinpe.     Passes  towaria pahntila,  Maz.  tat.  no.  214,  h. 
IGGc.OMrea  ?  var.  rufoides=rufa,  Old.  (non  Lam.).    Passin<^  towards  llrijinica,  jun. 

Thin,  with  umbos  hollowed  ;  reddish  in  scar-region.     Also  fossil. 
IGGd.Oifrea  ?var.   expama.     Flat,  affixed  to  whole   surface,   like    Columhiemis. 

Round,  or  win<red  to  left,  or  rijjht,  or  both     ike  Malleus.     Also  passes  into 
1G7.  Osttea  conchaphila,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  214.     Irom  Southern  fauna. 

Family  Anomrida. 

168.  Ffaattianomia  mact-ogchisma,  Desh.  Kamtschatka.     Yars.s alope-\-cepio,  Gray. 

Shape  most  variable,  according  to  station.      Sculpture  often  obsolete.     Oa 
rock,  between  tides,  Lord. 

169.  Anomia  lanipe,  Gray,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  219.    From  Southern  fauna. 

Class  PTEROPODA.        Family  HyaJmda. 

170.  Cavolinatelemiis,\Axm.  =  Hyalteatridentata,Yorsk.  non  luOXd.   Pelagic.   30-00 

fill,  dead,  Cp. 
[Other  Pteropods  were  brought  by  the  Brit.  N.  P.  Boundary  Survey,  but  may 
have  been  collected  on  the  voyage :  v.  p.  607.] 

Class  GASTEROPODA. 

Subclass  Opisthobranchhta.        Order  Tectibhanchiata. 

Family  Bidlidee. 

171.  Bulla  ncbtdosa,  Gld.  Otia.     Large,  globular,   thin.   Maz.  Cat.  no.  225-|-var. 

fulminosa,  Cp. 

172.  Bid'a  Quoyi,  Gray.     Small:  angular  at  umbilicus.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  226.    Pacific. 
17;J.  Haminea  hydatis,  Linn.  aact.     Exactly  accords  with  European  specimens. 

174.  Haminea  vesicida,  Gld.  Otia.     Smaller,  paler,  and  thinner. 

175.  Haminea  virescens,  Sby.  Gen.     \&v.  =  cymhiformis,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  229. 

Family  ? PhUtnideP. 
Two  species  not  yet  dissected :  one  with  internal  shell  like  Phanerophthabnus, 

Family  Tamatellida. 

176.  Tornatella  prmctoccelata,  n.  s.     Small :  grooved  with  rows  of  dots :  pillar  twisted 

as  in  BitUtna,  Add.  non  Gray. 

Family  Cylichnidte. 

177.  Tornatina  etdcitella,  Gld.  Otia.    Large,  brownish,  with  &ijit  striae.    Fold  close 

to  paries. 

132 


ON  MOLI.rSCA  OP  THE  WKST  Cr>AST  OP  NORTH  AMKRIC.V. 


617 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.  A.  j  Smith*.  In*. 

Ken.  i  Loril. 

.,w..... 

Coofirr. 
A*. 

1776.Tornatina  cerealis   

178.  eximia     

— 

B 
B 

B 

1 
_   1 

D 

P 

C 



D 
D 

DL 
L 

7  '"^i.:: 

179.  carinata   

1^0.  Cylichna  i'rylindracea    . . 

ISOJ. v<ir.  attonsa 

181.  nianata    

1m2.  mculta 



_ 







V 

.•IDI 

18.3.  Volvula  cylindrica 

184.  Neaplyaia'Califomica .... 

185.  Navarchus  inermis 

18(>.  PleurophyllideaCalifomic. 

187.  Doris  sanjruinea  

188.  alabastrina 

189.  albopunrtata   

I'.IO.  Sanaii'ijensis    

191.  Monterevensis 

192.  Triopa  Catalinae 

193.  Tritonia  Palnieri 

1 94.  Dendronotus  iris 

19.").  .Kolis  Barbarensi.^ 

19().  IMiidiana  iodinea 

197.  Flabellina  opalescens  .... 

198.  Chiorjera  leonina 

11*9.  Melainpus  olivaceus    .... 

-'00.  Pedipes  liratns 

201.  Siphonaria  Thersites 

D 
DI 
D 
1)1 
D 
BI 
DI 

FMI 
I 
D 
B 
B 
BD 

BDI 
B 
DI 
D 

177 b.Toniatina  ccrprt/t«,  Gld,  Otia,     Small,  white,  smooth:   but  probably  =  worn 

young  cidcitella. 
173.   Tornatitia  eximia,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  67.     Size  moderate :  fold  appiessed : 

subrectangular. 
179.  Tornatina  carituita,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  223. 

lO.  Cjflichna  ?cylindracea,  Linn.  auct.     Intermediate  specimens,  passing  intj 
'lf>Ob.Cj,'tichna  var.  attonsa,  rounded  off  at  apex. 

1  "^l.  Cylichtia  planata,  n.  s.   Like  mamillata,  with  apex  flattened-ofl",  and  fold  distinct. 
182.   Cylichna  inculta,  Gld.  Otia. 
\6i.   Vulcula  cylindrica,  n.  s.     Like  grain  of  rice,  pointed  at  one  end. 

Family  Aplystadrc. 
1*^4.  Kenphjuia  Californica,  Cp.  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.     15  inches  long. 
l&t>.  Navarchus  inermis,  Cp.  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.     Grasses,  on  shore,  Cp. 

Family  IHeiiruphyUidiadce. 
186.  Pleurophyllidea  Californica,  Cp.  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.     Sandy  flats,  Cp. 

Order  NumBHANCHiAXA. 
137-198.  All  thenewNudibranchs  are  described  in  the  Proc.  CaL  Ac    Vule  onto), 
p.  609.     Vide  also  Gld.'s  Otia,  and  Each.  Zool.  Atlas. 

Subclass  PULMONATA. 

For  land  and  freshwater  species,  both  of  Pulmonates,  Rostrifers,  and  BiraifM, 
vide  posted,  paragraphs  115-119. 

Family  Anrtcididee. 
109.  Mrlampus  olivaceus,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  235.  .i 

JJOJ.  I'edipes  liraius,  Binn.  Proc.  Ac.  N.  S.  PhU.  1801,  p.  333. 

Family  Siphonariada. 
201.  Siphonaria  TliersiteSj  n.  a.    Like  lata  alia:  with  stiong  lung-rib  and  obsolete 
scuJptui'e, 

133 


CIS 


REPORT — 18C3. 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins.  Ken.  ■  Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

2^2.  Dentalium  v.  Indianorum 
208.  reetius 

204.  semipolitmu    

205.  hexapronum 

2(Xi.  Cryptochiton  Stelleri 

207.  Katuerina  tunicata 

208.  Tonicia  lineata 

M 
M 

c 

F 

P 

oc 

0 

c 

p 
c 

p 

PM 

FMI 

OF 
PFM 

0 
OFMI 

F 

F 
0 

P 
P 

P 

? 

P 

P 

P 
P 

P 
P 

V 
V 
V 

V 

V 

V 

V 
V 
V 
V 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

MI 

D 
D 
I 
I 

I 

209.  submarmorea 

210.  Mopalia  muscosa 

211.  Wosnessenskii    .... 

212.  Kennerleyi 

2126. var.  Swanii 

218.            Hindsii    

214.  Simpsonii    

215.  vespertina   

216.  liomosa 

217.  acuta    

218.  sinuata    

219.  imporcata    

Subclass  Pbosobhanchiata. 


Order  Lateribbanchiata. 


Like  entalis,  "with  very 


Family  Dentaliades. 

202.  Dentalium  (?  prett'omm,  Nutt.  Shy.  var.)  Indianorum. 

fine  posterior  striae.     20  fm.  c.  Cp. 

203.  Dentalium  reetius,  n.  s.     Lonj;,  thin,  sliprhtly  curved  :  like  ehumeum,  Sinjrapore. 

204.  Dentalium  semipolitum,  Br.  &  Sby.  ?  =  hyalinum,  Phil,  not  Maz.  Cat.  no.  245. 

From  Southern  fauna. 

205.  Dentalium  hejcagonum,  Sby.     From  Southern  faima. 

Oi'der  ScuTiBBANCHiATA.        Family  Chitonidts. 

206.  Cryptochiton  St eUeri,^lidi.   Verylar^re:  valves  hidden.    Reaches  Sta  Cruz,  Q>. 

207.  Katherina  tunicata,  Sby.  =  Douylasice,  Gray.     Mantle  smooth,  black :   valves 

partly  concealed.     Between  tide-marks,  Lord.     Beaches  Farallone  Is.  Cp. 

208.  Tonicia  li7ieata.  Wood.     Closely  resembling /w^o/a/a,  Peru.    Painting  variable. 

209.  Tonicia  submarmorea,  Midd.     Perhaps  =/me«<a,  var.  without  lines. 

210.  Mopalia  muscosa,  Gld.  E.  E.=  C  ornatus,  Nutt.  {=armatus,  Jay) -\-consimilis, 

Nutt.     Highly  sculptured:   mantle  crowded  with  strong  hairs.     Between 
tide-marks,  Lord. 

211.  3Iojmlia  Wosnessenskii,  Midd.     Mantle  slit  behind,  with  few  hairs.     Sculp- 

ture like  muscosa. 

212.  Mopalia  Kennerleyi,  n.  s.  =  Grayi,  antea,  p.  603,  nom.  preoc.    Sculpture  fainter : 

olive  with  red :  ridge  angular ;  post,  valve  waved. 
2\2b.Mopalia  Kennerleyi,  var.  Swanii:  red,  ridge  arched;  less  sculptured. 

213.  Mopalia  Hindsii,  Gray.    Olive :  distinctly  shagreened :  flat :  post,  valve  waved. 

214.  Mopalia  Simpsonii,  Gray,  in  B.M.  Col.     Like  Hindsii,  with  valves  beaked. 

215.  Mopalia  vespertina,  Gld.  E.  E.     Shape  of  Hindsii,  with  very  faint  sculpture  and 

sliglit  wave.    Olive  clouded  with  orown. 

216.  Mopalia  lignosa,  Gld.  E.  E.  =  Merckii,  Midd.  =  Monterey ensis,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855, 

p.  231.     Like  vespertina,  without  wave :  brown  in  streaks. 

217.  Mopalia  acuta,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  232.     Subgeneric,  abeiTant  form ;  with 

small  blunt  plate,  instead  of  post,  sinus,  between  the  two  principal  lobes. 

218.  ?  Mopalia  sinuata,  n.  s.     Small,  raised  sharp  back,  red  and  blue,  engine-turned ; 

post,  valve  deeply  notched. 

219.  ?  Mopalia  imporcata,  n.  s.     Pale :  central  areas  ribbed :   post,  valve  slightly 

notched.   Indications  of  sutural  pores  in  these  two  species,  if  couMvmed,  will 
require  a  new  genus. 


0\  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XOKTH  AMERICA. 


CiO 


NiittJ  Jew. '  B.  A.    Smiths.  Ins.'  Ken. 

Lord.  Swan. 

Cooper. 

220.  Acanthnpleura  scabia  .... 

221.  Huxa    

M 
M 

C 
L 
C 

C 
P 
P 

c 
c 

FI 

LM 



M 

7 

M 
M 

P 

P 
P 

P 

P 

P 

V 
V 

V 
V 

I 

ii 

I 

T 
I 

D 

I 
I 

D 

222.  Isclinoehiton  Ma<rdalensi8 
22-'{.  vei-fdeiitieus    

224.  Lepidopleunis  refrularis  .  . 

225.  scabricostntus 

22G.  pectiuatus    

227.  Meitensii 

228.  Trachvdennoti  retiporosus 

229.  interstinctus    

2;X).  trifidus     

2;11.  dentiens 

231  b.  pseudodenticns     . . 

2.'52.  Gotliieus 

'2:iS.  Ilartwefjii    

2;M.  Nuttallii 

235.  Hectens    

220. 
221. 
222. 

223. 

224. 

225. 

226. 
227. 
228. 

229. 
230. 
231. 
231 

232. 
233. 
234. 
235, 


Acanthopleura  seahrn,  live.  =  CaUfoniiciis,  Nutt.      Insertion-plates  resemble 

Katheriiia.     ^'aives  with  coiir.<e  V-shaped  ribs,  and  projectin;.'  bealcs. 
Acanthopleurn  Jlu.va .  n.  s.     Green,  mottled  with  orange-red  ;  not  beaked  ;  with 

only  maririnal  and  diajronal  ribs. 
Ischnochiton  Magddlnisis  lids.  Large,  strong-valved,  typical.   Sculpture  much 
fainter  than  in  soutliern  shells.     Mantle-margin  with  striated  scales  like 
flattened  bristles.     Side  plates  2-  or  3-lobed.     Beach-20  fin.  Cp. 
I  chnitchiton  vercdciUietiii,  n.  s.     Margin   similar.     Small,  arched,  sculpture! 
like  Mirfensii,  but  with  2  rows  of  bosses,  one  of  which  dentates  the  sulures. 
10-20  fm.  Cp. 
L(pi(htpl('uru>>  rff/ulan's,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  232.     Subgenus  ni  Ischnochifon  : 
mant'e-scales  Lophyroid,  generally  striated.     Sp.  arched,  green,  shagreened. 
Side  lobes  2-4  :  eaves  spongy,  not  projecting. 
Lepidaph-urus  svabrirosfattis,  n.  s.     Small,  arched,  orange  :  rows  of  prominent 
granules  over  sliagreened  surface.     Lobei  blunt,  slightly  rugulose,  close  to 
eaves.     8-20  fm.  Cp. 
.  L<pi('«pleunifipirfiiiafu<,  n.  s.   Olive:  strong  sculpture  over  shagreened  jurface: 
side  areas  riobed  :  outer  margin  ai;d  inner  sutures  pectinated.     Bch.  Cp. 
Leiiidopleurus  Mirteimi,  Midd.    lied  :  highly  sculptured  over  smooth  surface : 
side  areas  with  rows  of  bosses.     Mantle-scales  smooth,  rounded. 
,  Trachydennon  rcfiparosiis,  n.  s.     Sah^erms  oi  Ischnochitoti :  mantle-scales  very 
small,  close,  smooth.     Sp.  like  scrobiadatus,  central  pattern  in  network,  3-6 
side  ribs. 
Trachi/dennon  interstiuctus,  Gld.  E.E.     Centre  minutely  punctured  :  C-8  blunt 

side  ribs. 
Trachj/dcnuon  frifidus,  n.  s.     Centre-punctures  few,  deep :  2-4  blunt  ribs  :  side 
plates  with  2  slits. 
,  ITnichi/dertnoH  rfr;/^(V'«s,  Gld.  E.E.    No  shell  known  answering  to  diagnosis  and 

figure.]     The  4  following  species  have  incisors  blunt,  eaves  not  projecting. 
b.   Trachydennon  psn(d(identicii!i=^ty\w  specimen  of  dvufietis.    False  appearance  of 
teeth  due  to  colour  or  ridges  of  growth.    Closely  granular :  areas  indistinct. 
Sinus  broad,  squared  :  eaves  spongy. 
Trachydennon  Got'iicits,  n.  s.     JJlunt  parallel  riblets  along  ver^'  arched  back. 
Siitural  lobes  united  at  sinus  :  eaves  not  spongy.     8-20  fm.  Cp. 
.   Trachydermon  IlattHegii,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  231.     Large,  arched.     Insidtj 
callous,  without  rows  of  pimctures  to  slits  :  eaves  spongy. 
Tiachyda-mon Xuttallii,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  231.    Large,  plain,  flat.    Incisors 
.slightly  rugulose  :  eaves  spongy. 
.  Trachydennon  iiectens,  n.  s.     Mantle-margin  scarcely  granular.     Rosy,  very 
small,  scarcely  sculptured:  valves  beaked  and  waved  as  in  M.  Simpwnii'. 
eaves  and  incieoi's  uoimal,  .. 

135 


CoO 


RCPOKT— 18Co. 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins.   Ken.   Lord. 

1            1 

ywan. 

Cooper. 

236.  Leptorhiton  nexus 

237.  Acanthoeliites  avicula    . . 

2:^.8.  Nacella  instabilis 

289.  incessa 

C 
C 

0 
D 
D 

B 

B 

C 
C 
B 
C 
C 
C 
B 

C 

P 

D 
D 

C 

C  i 

c 

PC 

D 

YFM 

VFM 

I 

VF 
Dili 
FDII 

FMIL 
VPF 

P 
P 

P 
P 

V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

I 
I 

MD 

I 
D 

M 

FMBI 

F.MIJI 

M 

Fimi 

MDI 

MHD 

MD 

MliDI 

MI 

M 

240.  subspiialis   

211.  depicta 

242.  paleacea 

242  b.  var.  triangularis   . . 

243.  Acmsea  patina 

244.  pelta     

244  6.  var.  Asmi 

245.  persona    

240.  scabra 

247.  spectnim 

248.  rosacea     

249.  Lottia  gigantea    

250.  Scurria  mitra    

2506.  ?var.  funiculata    . . 

230.  Leptochiton  ne.rus,  n.  s.  Like  aselhts :  scarcely  sculptured :  mantle-nia-gin  witli 
striated  chaffv  scales,  like  Magdalensis,  interspersed  with  transparent  needles. 
20-80  fni.  Cp. 

237.  Acnnthochites  avicula,  n.  s.     Like  arragonites,  but  valves  sculptured  in  large 

snake-skin  pattern.     8-20  fm.  r.  Cp, 

Family  ratellid(P, 

238.  KaceVa  insfahilis,  Gld.  E  E.     Laige :  shape  of  rompressa. 

239.  Nacella  inccssa,  lids.  Sulphur.     Small :  Ancyloid. 

240.  ?Xucella  sidiipiralis,  n.  s.    Shaped  like  Emaryinula  rosea,  and  mav  be  a  SriiUl' 

Una.     10-20  fm.  Cp. 

241.  Nacella  depicta,  lids.  Sulphur.     Small,  long,  flat,  smooth  :  colour  in  rays. 

242.  Karelin  paleacea,  Gld.  <  )tia.     Narrower,  brown,  striated  at  each  end. 

2426.  Nacella  ?var.  triangularis.  Shorter:  apex  raised:  scua-cely  stiiated  :  wbitisl?j 
with  brown  spots. 

Family  AcmmdcB.     (For  synonyms,  r.  Reports  in  loci?.') 

243.  Acmeea  patina,  Esch.     Large,  blackish  or  tessellated :  with  very  fine  distant 

striae.     Between  tides.  Lord. 

244.  Acm<ea  pelia,  Esch.     Mo/e  conical ;  border  narrow ;  smooth,  with  blunt  ribs 

often  obsolete.     Between  tides,  Lord. 
244  6.  Acmeea  ?var.  Asmi,  Midd.     Stout,  small,  black,  conical.      Probably  an  ab- 
normal growth  o( pelta,  jun.     (1  sp.  beginning  on  pelfa)  Cp. 

245.  Acmeea  persona,  Esch.     Smaller :  apex  posterior :  colour  blotched  or  freckled  : 

sculpture  in  irregular  ribs.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  200.  ^'a^.  umhonatu,  arclied,  with 
narrow  distant  ribs.  Var.  digitalis,  ape.v  near  margin.  Var.  textilis,  apex  far 
from  marurin,  approaching  pelfn. 

246.  Acmeea  scabra,  ^utt.  Rve.     Ou;     le  with  close  rows  of  fine  arrinules  ;  orange- 

red  tint,  glossy.  Var.  limatula,  sculpture  stronger,  boi_,.  black:  peihaps= 
Maz.  Cat.  no.  2G5. 

247.  Acmeea  spectrum,  Nutt.  Rve.     Flattened,  with  very  strong  ribs,  incgiilar. 

248.  Acmeea  (?pileolus,  Midd.  var.)  rosacea.    Pink,  small :  like  Ilerm  specimens  of 

Virginia. 

249.  Lottia  giganten,  Gray.     Genus  reconstituted  :  mantle  with  papiUiB  interrupted 

in  front.  '  Shell  large,  flat,  dark,  lustrous  (=  Teclurella  gramlis,  Smiths.  Inst. 
Check  List). 

250.  Scurria  viitra,  Esch.     Papillre  all  round  the  mantle.     White,  conical :  young 

sometimes  faintly  sculptured.     In  dead  clam,  12  fm.  Lord. 
2506.  Scurria  fvar.  f^jiiculuta,    Y<  ith  ro'.ind"d  riblets.  somewhat  aoduloua. 

136 


ON  MOLLTJSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


C^.l 


:>utt. 

.Tew.  1 15.  A. 

1 

Sn.lths.  Ins.!  Ken. 

1 

Lord. 

Swan. 

1 

Cooper. 

251.   1,6]  eta  ciBfoides 

2o2.  Gadinia  (Rowellia)     .... 

■-'•■».3.  Fissurella  volcano   

-54.  GlvDhis  asucra   

M 

?H 
D 

D 
D 

M 

B 
B 

C 

C 

c 

BD 
C 

C 

OC 
C 
C 
P 
P 

c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 

0 

I 
I 
P 

^ 

FDIL 
DIL 
D 
D 
FI 
D 
L 
M 

P 
P 

V 

?v 

V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

I 

DI 

Ti 

-M 

r 

MI 

MDI 

I 

M 

DI 

MDI 

DI 

MB 

•_'5o.  deusickthrata     .... 

-'50.  I.ucapina  crenulata 

257.  I'unctiirella  eucuUata  .... 

258.  praleata 

2.";9.  Coopcri    

2(10.  Ilaliotis  Craclierodii    .... 

2ii2.  coiTupita 

2r);}.  rufesceu.s 

204.  Kamtschatkana  .... 

205.  Phasianella  compta 

200.  Poniaulax  undnsus 

207.  Pachypoma  gibberosum . . 

251.  Lrpeta  cerrokhs,  ?n.  s.     Like  cceca,  but  apex  turned  back.     FaraUone  L'-t 

teste  R.  D.  Darbishire. 

Family  Gadiniadee. 

252.  Rowellia,  sp.    Genus  proposed  by  Cooper :  tentacles  flattened,  pertinated.   Cat. 

It;.  Cp.    Far.  Is.  Row. 

Family  Fissurellida. 

253.  I'isstinlla  roIcano,^ye.  =  ornafa,^utt.    Approaches Pert/r«"</»fl :  hole  vari.able. 

254.  Glyphis  aspera,  Each. =Lincolin,  Gray =cratitia,  Gld.     Large,  coarsely  sculp- 

tured, with  colour-rays. 

255.  Glyphis  densielathrati,  Rve.     Smaller :  with  closer,  finer  sculpture. 
250.  Litcapina  n-enulnta,  Shy.  Tank.     Very  large  :  internal. 

257.  Pundurelln  eucuUata,  Gld.  E.E.     Large,  with  strong,  variable  ribs,   15-40. 

Hole  simple. 
25^.  PanctureUu  yakata,  Gld.  E.E.     Scarcely  differs  from  noac/iinn,  but  tripartite 

process  more  strongly  marked. 
259.  PunctureUa   Cuoperi,  n.  s.     Outside  like  galeata,  but  without  props  to  the 

lamina.     30-120  I'm.  not  r.  Cp. 

Family  Haliottda. 

230.  Ilaliotis  Craclierodii,  Leach,  auct.   The  trade  species,  smooth,  dai-k  olive :  holes 

5-9.     Var.  (Mifnrniensia,  holes  9,  10,  11. 
2QI.  Ilaliotis  i^plendens,  live.    Hatter,  grooved,  lustrous.    Holes  4-7.    Below  tide: 

on  rocks,  Q). 

202.  Htdiotis  corruqata.  Gray.     Large,  arched,  very  rough, 

tide :  on  rocks,  Cp. 

203.  Hnliotis  rufesceiis,  Swains.     Large,  flatter,  waved,  rich  orange-red. 

.3-5.     Below  tide  :  on  rocks,  Cp. 

204.  Ilaliotis  Kamtschatkana,  .fouas.     Small,  thin,  arched,  waved.     Holes  4,  6k 

Below  tide  :  on  rocks,  Far.  Is.  Cp. 


Holes  3-5.     Below 
Holes 


205. 


200. 
207. 


Family  Trothidee. 
Phfw'ntwlla  compta,  Gld.  Otia.   Maz.  Cat.  no.  284.     Like^»<//i«,  a  little  longer 

and  flatter;  out  operc.  bevelled  and  striated.     ?\ax.  pkHotJiv,  exactly  liko 

Ilerm  shells :  ?  var.  e/afior.  dwarfed,  longer  and  flatter  :  var.  jinnctutata,  with 

close  rows  of  dots ;  pilar  chinked.     8-20  fm.  Cp. 
Pamaidiuc  undosus,  Wood,     ^'ery  large  :  operculum  with  2  ridgt -i. 
Pachypoma  yihhero*nm,   Chem.  ?=iHtequale,   Mart.      Large,   rough :    operc. 

swollen,  simple.     (Dtad.) 

137 


652 


REPOET— 1803. 


j  Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.  A.  [  :Sniith8.  Ins. 

Ken.  j  Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

2()8.  ?  Impeiator  serratiis    .... 
260.  Leptoiiyx  sanguineus  .... 
•>70.  bacula 

M 
M 

C 
li 
M 
M 
M 

M 

B 
B 
M 
C 

M 

M 

C 

c 

c 
c 

D 

c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 

OFMI 

FI 

L 
FMDI 

L 
D 
M 
VFMI 
M 

P 
P 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 

V 
V 
V 

MI 
MI 

I 

I 

MI 
1) 
D 

DI 

MD 

DI 
M 
D 

I 

DI 
M 

. .'  1.  Liotia  fenestrata 

272.  aciitico3tata     

27.1.  Ethalia  supravallata   .... 

27;{  b.  var.  invallata    .... 

274.  I^ivona  picoides   

27-).  Trochi.«cus  Norrisii 

276.  convexu.s 

277.  Chlorostoma  funebrale    . . 
2776. var.  subapertum .... 

278.  frallina 

279.  brunneuni    

280.  I'feifleri    

281.  aureotinctum 

282.  Omphalius  fuscesoens  .... 

283.  Cal  iostoma  canaliculatum 

284.  costatuni 

285.  annulatnm 

286.  variegatum 

268. 


269. 


270. 

271. 
272. 

273. 


276. 
277. 


?  Imperator  gerratus,  n.  s.    Small,  finely  sculptured,  base  stellate,  nucleus  Plan- 

orboid  :  operc.  Hat,  with  more  whirls.     10-20  fni.  =  266  or  207  jun.  teste  Cp. 
Leptonj/x  saiif/uineiiK.  Linn.  n.<i.     Like  Col/oiiia,  not  unibilicate.     Op'n'c.  ■with 

horny  and  .shelly  layers,  many  wliirls,  outside  fiatti.sh,  not  ribbed,  niaryiu 

broad.     Species  red  or  purole,  lirate.     Bch.-20  fin.  Cp. 
Leptonyx  bacuUt.  n.  s.     Small,  asliy,  llelicina-shaped,  nearly  smooth.     Boh. 

d.  Cp.     Genus=//oH)«A</)o;;)«.  p.  537  :  nom.  preoc. 
Liotia  feneMrata,  n.  s.    Small.    Stronfrly  ribbed  each  way.    Bch.-40  fin.  d.  C/). 
Liotia  acuticoiitata,  n.  s.     Small.    Sharply  keeled,  without  radiating  sculptur«i. 

10-20  fm.  Cp. 
Ethalia  supravallafa,  n.  s.     Minute :  ■with  keel  and  furrow  near  suture. 
2736.  Ethalia 'r  yar.  invallata.     Without  keel. 

274.  Lii-ona  picuides,  Gld.  f  )tia.   Probably  the  remnant  of  an  ancient  colony  of  pica, 

275.  Trochiscus  Korriim,  Sljy.  Tank.     Nucleus  as  in  Solarium  :  perhaps  a  Probosci- 
difer,  though  pearly. 

Trochii<cus  convexus,  n.  s.     Small,  subturrited,  whirls  swollen :  umbilicus  with 

2  ribs,  the  outer  crenated. 
Chlorostoma  funebrale.  A.  Ad.  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  316=viarginatum,  Nutt.  non 

Rve.     Blackish,  often  puckered  near  suture. 
277  6.    Chlorostoma  funebrale,  var.  subapertum,  with  umbilical  pit. 

278.  Chlorostoma  gaUinn,  Fbs.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  271.     Olive,  dashed  with  pui-ple. 

Var.  pyriformis,  Gld.,  umbilicus  partly  or  wholly  open. 

279.  Cldorostoma  brwmcum,V\\\\.    Auburn:  finely  striate :  Gibbuloid  aspect.    The 

young  (teste  Cp.)  has  a  basal  rib. 
.280.  Chlorostoma  Pfei£'eri,  Phil.     Like  brunneum'.  outside  Ziziphinoid:  umbilicus 
keeled. 

281.  Chlorostoma  aureotinctum,  Yh?..  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  271  =^nigerrimum,  Gmel.  ?  Mus. 

Cum.     Gibbuloid  :  with  distant  gi'ooves  and  line  sculpture  ;  mouth  orange- 
spotted. 

282.  Oinphalins  fuscescens,  Phil.    Almost  identical  with  ligtihtus,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  29-3. 
28.3.   Culliostoma  canaliculatum,  ^lart. =doliarium.     Large,  with  strong  grooves. 

284.  Calliosfoma  costatum,  Mart.  ==/?/<)SMm,  &c.     Sm  Her,  swollen,  i-eddish ;  finely 

ribbed.     8-15  fin.  Lyall. 

285.  CaUiostoma  anrndutum,  Mart.s=rtr(7«n«w».  Large,  granular,  stained  Avith  violet. 

286.  CaUiostoma  varieyatum,  n.  s.   Sinall,  more  conical,  nodules  more  distant,  white 

on  rosy  ground. 

^°  138 


ON  MOIXUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  CO.\ST  OF  NORTH   AMERICA. 


G33 


! 

Nutt !  Jew. 

1 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ids. 

Ken.  1  Lord.  Swan. 

Cooper.   , 

28".  Calliojitoina  supragranosiim 
2.'^8.  gemmnlatum 

289.  splendens     

290.  Phorcus  puliigo   

291.  Gibbula  parcipicta 

292.  optabilis 

29.'{.  funiculata    

294.  succincta 

295.  lacunata   

BA 

M 

p 

FI 
FIH 

vol 

P 

P 
P 
P 
P 

V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

1 

D 
D 
MI 
M 

I 
D 

T 

I 

MI 
MI 

29(5.  Soluriella  peraninbilis. . . . 

297.  Margarita  cidaris     

298.  -punilla 

2986.  t*/-.  iJalmonea  . . . . 

299.  acuticostata    

300.  inflata 

301.  lirulata     

302.  hVahlii    

303.  tenuisculpta    

304.  heliciiia  

287. 


Calliostoma  supragranumm,  n.  s.     Swollen,  with   shaip   ribs ;  posterior   1-4 

granular. 
Catlioitoma  aemmitlatinn,  n.  s.     Very  swollen :  painted  like  eximium  :  with  2 

principal  and  2  smaller  rows  of  gmnules. 
Culliosioma  splendens,  n.  s.     Omnge-chestnut,  with  fleshy  nacre ;  small,  rather 

flattened,  base  glossy.     6-40  tm.  Cp. 
Phorcus  pulliijo,  Mart.+wj«c«</o«iM,  A.  Ad.  =:euryomphalus,  Jon&s-\-mnrci(Ii(s, 
Gld.     (Subgenus  of  Gibbuli,  with  expanded,  rounded  umbilicus,  and  Hut 
whirls ;  sometimes  obsoletely  ribbed. 
Gibbula  parcipicta,  n.  8.     Like  strong  growth  of  Mai  g.  lirulata,  var. 
292.  Gibbula  optabilis,  n.  s.     Wider :  decussated  between  ribs :  2  spiral  lines  insida 
umbilicus. 

Shaped  like  Montagui:  with  rounded  spiral  riblets. 
Small,  scarcely  sculptured,  with  spiral  brown  pen- 


288. 
289. 
290. 


291. 


293. 
294 


Gibbula  funiculata,  n.  s. 
Gibbula  succincta,  n.  s. 
cillings. 

295.  Gibbula  lacunata,  n.  s.     Very  small,  nearly  smooth ;  umbilicus  hemmed-in  bj 

swelling  of  columella. 

296.  Solnriella  peramnbilis,  n.  s.     Subgenus  of  Margarita,  with  open,  crenated  um- 

bilicus. Species  most  ornate,  with  delicate  sculpture.  Umbilicus  with  1 
internal  spiral  lines,  crossed  by  lirulse :  operculum  sculptured.  Like  Mi/ioli^ 
aspecta,  A.  Ad.     40-120  fm.  living,  Cp. 

297.  Margarita  cidaris,  A.  Ad.  n.  s.     Large,  knobby,  like  thin  Turcica,  with  sinifla 

pillar  and  small  umbilicus. 

298.  Margarita  pupilla,  Gld.  E.E.=cn/os/omrt,  A.  Ad.    Strong,  with  sharp  ribs,  dts- 

cussated  between,  and  fleshy  nacre.     8-15  fm.  Lyall. 
298  b.  Margarita  ?  var.  sahnonea.     Between  jmpiUa  and  undulata  :  salmon-tin:ed, 
sculpture  fine,  not  decussated  :  sutures  not  waved.     6-40  fm.  Cp. 

299.  Margarita  acuticostata,  n. s.     Small,  painting  clouded:  3  sharp  ribs  on  epiie. 

8-20  fm.  Cp. 

800.  Margarita  inflata,  n.  s.    Thin,  whirls  very  swollen ;  sculpture  very  fine ;  spial 
hollow  inside  keeled  umbilicus. 

SOI.  Margarita  lirulata,  n.  s.     Small :  operc.  smooth  :  2  sharp  principal  riblets  on 
spire :  outline  variable.     Var.  sttbelerata,  raised,  livid :  var.  obsolefn,  sculp- 
ture evanescent :  ':'  var.  cornea,  very  tall,  with  intercalary  ribs,  like  G.  parctm 
picta. 
Margarita  Vahlii,  Miill.     Raised,  smooth :  operc.  with  spiral  rib. 


302, 
303, 


Margarita  temtisnifpfa,  ?  n.  s.     Like  obsoleta,  but  operc.  ribbed 


304.  Maryarita  heliciitu,  Mout. 


Like  the  Fiuioai'k  ahelld. 
139 


Qii'cuiuborcal. 


/Jfid 


KrPORT— 15C3. 


1                                                                   1  Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.  A.  jfSmitlis.  Ins.'  K.'n. 

Lord. 

1 

Cooptr. 

30o.  Ciuribiiluni  spinofsum. . . . 

'WC.  Crt-pidiilii  aculeata 

307.  dorsata     

M 
C 

B 

M 

C 

B 

D 
B 

B 

B 

B 
B 

?B 



B 
B 

c 
p 

oc 

0 

c 
p 

M 
P 

1 

c 

IHL 

P 
C 
01 

D 
C 

P 
P 

P 

V 

V 

V 

V 
V 

V 

V 

V 
V 
V 
V 

V 
V 

J)I 

MD 

1 

MDT 

1)1 

1 

MDI 

P.MI 

1 
MDT 

D 

— 

ii08.  e.\ca\ ata,  var 

309.            adunca 

310.  ruirosa 

311.  navitelloides  

311  6.  tar.  nummaria .... 

312.  Galenis  fasti^riatus 

31.3.  contortu^^ 

314.  Ilipponvx  cranioides  .... 

315.  antiquatus 

316.  serratus    

317.  tumons     

318.  Sei-pulorhis  squaniigerus .  . 

319.  Bivonia  compacta   ..[pma 

320.  Petixlocouchusi  niacrophra- 

321.  Spiroglyphus  lituella  .... 

Order  Pectinibbanchiata. 


Suborder  Rostrifeba. 


305. 
30G. 

807. 

308. 
309. 


810. 
311. 

812. 
313. 


314. 
315. 
310. 
317. 


ai8. 

319. 
S'.V. 
321. 


Family  Cali/ptraida. 

Cructhidum  spinomnn,  Sby.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  344.     From  Southern  fauna. 
Crepiihih  aculeata,  Gmel.    Maz.  Cat.  na  334.    From  Southern  fauna.     Round 

the  world. 
Crcpiffula  ?dnrxafa,  Brod.,  var.  lingidata,  Old.  E.E.=var.  hihhma,  Maz.  Cat. 

no.  3.'3G=6'.  bilohata,  Kve.     Appears  identical  with  the  S.  American  shells. 
Crepidida  excavata,  Brod.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  .337.     S.  American. 
Crejndula  adunca,  Sby.  Tank.=«o/eWa,  \\i9.=rostrifornm,  Gld.  E.E.     Dark 

liver,  roufrh  epidermis,  solid  deck  with  produced  sides.    [Not  uncafn,  Mke.= 

ro'itrata,  C.  B.  Ad.,  lixe.^aditnca,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  338.  J     iietween  tides,  Lurd; 

10  fm.  Cp. 
Crc!)idida  ruf/osa,  Nutt.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  224.     Probably  northern  var.  oi  (w/yx, 

Sby.  Maz.  Cat.  .340,  with  epidermis  less  shatrjry. 
Cnpidida  naviceUoides,  Nutt.     Shape  of  sqiuima,  v     'i  nucleus  o?  unt/wfornh's 

(Maz.  Cat.  no.  342).     Rounded  var.  in  hollow  \vei=m'.mtnan'u,  Gld. 

Var.  drawn  out  in  layers  like  Lessonn=:finibn'afa,  live.     ^'ar.  elonoratid  in 

crypts,  scooped  by  crab  or  bivalve=ejyj/a/!fl<a,  G\i.^=exunata,  ^utt.=per- 

forans,  Val. 
Galcrui  fanfit/infm,  Gld.  E.E.     Like  mami/laris,  nucleus   large,   immersed. 

Large,  in  8-15  fm.  Lyall. 
Gnlerm  contortus,  n.  s.     Whirls  twisted :  nucleus  minute,  prominent.     20—10 

fin.  Cp. 

Family  CapuUdee. 

Hipponyx  cranioides,  n.  s.  Large,  rough,  flat,  intermediate  between  planatus  and 
Hipponyx  antiquatus,  Linn.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  347.     From  Southern  fauna. 
Hipponyx  serratm,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  346.     From  Southern  fauna. 
Hipponyx  tumens,  n.  8.     Growth   like   Hvlcion :   sculptui'e  more  open  than 
barbatus. 

Family  Vermetidee. 

Si-rptdorbis  squamiyents,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  226  (not  Aletes).    Large,  scaly. 

Venn,  anellum,  Morch,  1 .  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  359,  is  perhaps  the  young. 
Bivonia  compacta,  n.  s.     Entirely  open  within  :  but  colour  and  growth  lik« 

""at.  no.  359.    i'iOiU  Southi      tiauna. 
p.  i-oi, 

140 


I'etalocnnrhus  marrophrayma.  Cpr.  Mnz.  Ca 
S^ifojJyphuii  lituella,  Muich,  P.  Z.  S.  leOl, 


ON  MOLLrSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


bbb 


322.  Caecum  crebricinctum. 

.323. Conperi    

.324.  Turritflla  ("ooperi    ... 

.32.5.  Jewettii   

32G.  Mesalia  lacteola 

320  6.  var.  siihplanata 

327.  tenuisculpta     . . . 

•328.  reritbidea  snoiata    .  . . 

329.  Bittium  tilosiiiu   

320  i.  ?r«r.  esuriens    . 

3.3').  attenuatum 

3;U.  qiiadrifilatum  . . . 

332.  asperuni     

3.33.  arniilbitum 

•3.34.  fa>tis:iatum 

•3.35.  Litorina  jdanaxis 

330.  Sitchana 


Nutt 


MB 


Jew. 


Bfs.    - 

C 
B 


—  'B/«. 
B  fs. 

b 

c    c 


B.A. 

Smiths.  Inn. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

MDI    1 
BI 

— 

D  ?/os. 

P 
P 

V 

V 

DI 

c 
p 

CF 
P 

M 
D 

P 

V 

V 
V 

D 
FD 

MD 

— 

— 

— 

— 

D 
DI 
D 

MDI 

c 

0 

FBI 
PO 

P 

V 

V 

Family  Caeides, 

Cercttm  crebriclnrfum,  n.  s.     Larere,  with  aspect  oi Elephanfuhnn,  but  very  fine 
close  annular  sculpture ;  plu^  subun;>-ulate.     8-20  fin.  C'/>. 
323.   Ccecum  Cooperi,  n.  s.     Small,  with  30—40  sharp  narrow  rin^-i 


822. 


Family  Turritellidee. 

324.   Turritella  Cooperi,  n.  a.     Extremely  slender,  with  many  narrow  whirls,   c.  P;>, 

32.J.    Turrifel/a  Jewettii,  n.  s.     Like  sanguinea,  with  very  faint  sculpture. 

320.  Blesalia  lacteola,  !'  n.  s.     May  be  a  local  var.  of  the  circumpolar  lactea,  with 

altered  sculpture  :  distinct,  teste  Cuminnr. 
32(5  b.   Mcsalia  ?var.  subplanafa.     Sculpture  fainter :  whirls  flattened. 
327.  Me-vi/ia  tenuisculpta,  n.  s.     Veiy  small,  slender,  whirls  rounded,  lip  waved. 

tjh     1-water,  Cp. 

Family  Cerithiada. 

823.  Cerithidea  sacraf a,  Old.  T!..F,.=  Californicn,  ISutt.-^pidfafa,  GM.  Variable  in 
shape  and  sculpture  :  pa-^ses  into  MazatJanica,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  395. 

829.  * liittmm  JilosHm,  Gld.  ij.E.  =  Eschrichtii,  Midd.     Strong,  broad,  grooved. 

3296.  Bittium  ?  var.  esuriens.  Like  starved  Ji/osum,  very  narrow,  adult  scarcely 
.sculptured. 

330.  Bittium  attenuatum,  n.  a.    Like  plicatum,  A.  Ad.,  or  drawn-out  esuriens,  with 

threads  instead  of  grooves. 

331.  *Bittium  quadrijilatum,  n.  s.   Broad :  4  threads,  equal  from  beginning,  coiling 

over  strong  radiating  ribs. 
8-32.  *Bittium  asperum,  n.  s.     Same  aspect :  upper  whirls  with  2  strong  and  2  faint 

keels  over  less  prominent  ribs.     Bch.-40  fm.  Cp. 
313.  *  'litfiiim  armiUatum,  n.  s.     Same  aspect :  3  nearly  equal  rows  of  knobs. 
334.  Bittium  fadiyiatum,  n.  s.     Small,  slender :  apex  normal :  sutures  indented, 

anterior  rib  strong. 

Family  Litorinidee. 

835.  Litorina  planaxis,  ^\xti.  V\n\.^patula,  Gld.  E.E.  Outside  plain  j  columella 
scooped. 

330.  Litorina  Sitchana,  F]ii\.=sulcafa,  G\i.=rudis,  Coop.  Rounded,  flat,  with  spiral 
ribs.  Var.  modesta,  Phil,  (pars)  has  sculpture  faint:  subtenebrosa,  Midd.,  is 
perhaps  a  degraded  var.     Rocks  between  tides,  Lord;  8-10  fm.  Lyall  [?], 


*  These  species  have  so  peculiar  a  nucleus  that  they  can  scarcely  rank  near  Ceri- 
thiHiti  111  Kiitsoa:  perhaps  they  are  related  to  Aiaba.  T  le  nucleus  oi  esurivrus  and 
attenuatum  ha.s  not  been  seen. 

141 


656 


BEroRT — 1863. 


Nuttj  Jew.  1 

1 

B.A.i 

Smiths.  Ir.s.K(-n.   Loni.  swan. 

Cdoiier.    1 

3.37,  Litorina  scutulata   

338.  ?  Assiminea  subrotundata 
.339.  ?  Paludinella    

B 
B 

B 

PF 

P 

B 

POIMI 
10 

I 

DI 

I) 

II 

P 

P 
P 

P 

V 
V 



V 
V 
V 
V 
V 
V 
V 
V 

V 

V 

V 
V 

MDI 

in 

DI 

MBDI 

MI 

D 

M 

DI 

D 

D 

340.  Lacuna  vincta 

341.  porrecta 

342.  solidula    

342  b.  var,  compacta  .... 

343.  variepata 

344.  unitasciata 

345.  Isapis  fenestrata 

346.  obtusa    

347.  Rissoina  interfossa 

348.  Rissoa  compacta 

349.  acutelirata 

.350.  Alvania  reticulata  

351.  filosa    

3.52.  Fenella  punoidea     

.'i53.  Barleeia  suDtenuis 

353  b.  ?var.  riniata 

354.  haliotiphila     

355.  Amphithalaraus  inclusus 

337. 


3-39. 
340. 


Litorina  scutulata,  Old.  ¥,.¥.. -\-lepida,  Gld.     Xnr.^plcna,  Old.     Small,  solid, 

pointed,  flattened,  smoothish.     Rocks  between  ticles,  Ijord. 
?  Assiminea  subrotundata,  n.  s.     Like  a  very  thin  Litorina  :  ashen,  plain. 
?  Paludinella,  sp.     May  be  an  aberrant  A^sitiiiiiea. 
Lacuna  vincta,  Mont.  auct.     Circunibnreal. 


341.  Lacuna  porrecta,  n.  s. 
j41  6.  Lacuna  ?var.  effusa. 


Upper  whirls  flattened,  effuse  anteriorly;  chink  large. 
_  I^ar^er,  taller,  more  swollen. 

341  c.  Lacuna  ?var.  exrrquata,  same  shape  but  flattened. 

342.  Lacuna  solidula,  Y,ov.:=carinata,  Gld.,  not  A.  XA.=  Vodelia  striata,  Gabb. 

Solid,  variable,  chink  small ;  sometimes  keeled  or  ang-ular. 

342  b.  Lacuna  ?var.  compacta.     Very  small,  narrow,  oi-ange,  scarcely  chinked. 

343.  Lacuna  varicgata,  n.  s.     Very  tall,  e'fuse,  irregular  with  wide  chink  :  clouded 

or  with  zigzag  stripes :  like  decorata,  A.  Ad. 
2-14.  Lacuna  unifasciata,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  205.     Small,  glossy,  generally  with 

a  coloured  keel,  sometimes  broken  into  dots.    Var.  aurantiaca,  keel  obsolete, 

resembling  the  chinked  Phasianell<e.     8-10  fm.  Cp. 
345.  Isapis  fenestrata,  n.  s.     Like  oroidea,  with  shai"p  distant  ribs. 
340.  Isapis  obtusa,  n.  a.     Whirls  flattened  behind :  ribs  swollen,  uneven.      10-20 

fm.  Cp. 

Family  Rissoida. 

347.  Rissoina  interfossa,  n.  s.   With  5  sharp  keels  crossing  14  strong  ribs.    8-10  fm. 

348.  Rissoa  compacta,  n.  s.     Sculptured  like  Beanii,  \vitn  short  broad  whirls. 

349.  Rissoa  acutelirata,  n.  a.     Alvanoid :  15  sharp,  distant,  spiral  riblets,  travelling 

over  18  sharp  distant  ribs,  obsolete  in  front. 

350.  Alvania  reticulata,  n.  a.     Open  network :  radiating  threads  travelling  oyex  12 

stronger  distant  spiral  threads. 
361.  Alvania  JUosa,  n.  s.    Turrited  :  pillar  purple-stained :  18  close  spiral  struCi 

passing  over  very  faint  waved  riblets. 
352.  Fenella  pupoidea,  n.  a.     Variegated,  truncatelloid  shape.     20  fm.  rare,  Cp. 
863.  Barleeia  subtenuis,  n.  s.^^Hydrobia  ?ulv(e,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  417 ;  but  with  normal 

Barleeoid  operculum.    On  grass,  Cp. 
353  b.  Barleeia  ?var.  rimata.     Whirls  more  swollen  :  base  chinked. 
354.  Barleeia  haliotiphila,  n.  s.    Longer,  narrower,  much  smaller.    On  H.  splendent. 
366.  Amphithalamus  inclusus,  n.  g.,  n.  s.     Habit  of  minute  Nematura ;  labrum  not 

contracted,  but  labium  in  adult  travels  forward  to  meet  it,  leaving  a  chamber 

behind.    Isucleus  cancellated :  base  bluntly  ribbed. 

142 


ON  MOLLCSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


6r,7 


Nutt  Jew.  |B.  A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. '  Lord.  8wan. 

1 

Cooper. 

.'••>().  PAmphithalamus  lacunatus 

^_^ 

^^ 

^^ 

^^ 

__ 

.^ 

D 

;*o7.  Truncat^Ua  Califomica  . . 

._ 

... 

^_ 

—m 

..,_ 





D 

'.)'>•*.  JetFreysia  Alderi 

— 





D 

— 



— 

— 

•".•')9.  translucens 





-« 







D 

:«jO.  Cithna  albida 













D 

•■{<>l.  Diala  marmorea  .... 

^_ 



....^— 

H 



.... 



iMD 

:k)2.  acuta    

__ 



._    • 

^_ 



_ 

..... 

MI 

.'{0:5.  Stvliferina  turrita    

^_ 



i 

^_ 





... 

U 

.'{ti4.   Iladius  variabilis 



?B 

_    1 

^_ 







— 

305.  Luponia  spadicea     

— 

C 

C 

— 

— 

— 

— 

DI 

3()<».  Trivia  Califomica   

— 

B 

C 

L 







DI 

•S  .7.  Solandri    

^_ 



_— 

L 

_^ 

__ 

... 

I 

.'.08.  Erato  vitellina 

— 

B 
B 

c 
c 

L 



— 

— 

DI 
MUI 

.•509.  columbella 

.570.  Myurella  simplex    

.'571.  Drillia  inermis 

— 

B 

— 

—^ 





D 

— 

B 

c 

— 

p 

— 

V 

BDI 

.'i72.  inci.sa   

Hl'-i.  moesta 

— 

B 

— 

M 
D 

— 

— 

— 

D 
M 
D 

;J74.  torosa 

;i746.  ?var.  aurantia 

S56. 


358. 
359. 
80J. 


tTd. 
30:J. 


?  Amphithalamm  lacutiatus,  n.  8.     Same  nucleus;   base  chinked,  not  keeled. 
(Adult  not  found.) 

Family  TruncateUidce, 
Tnmcatella  Califomica,  Pfr.  Pneum.  Viv.  Suppl.  vol.  ii.  p.  7. 

Family  Jfffreysiada. 
Jeffrci/^ia  Alderi,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  420. 

Jeffrei/.fia  transhictns,  n.  s.  Possibly  a  Barleeia :  pillar  thickened,  base  rounded. 
Cithna  albida,  n.  s.     Very  close  to  C.  tumetis,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  421,  but  umbilicus 
anjrled,  not  keeled. 

Family  Planaxida. 
Diala  marmorea,  n.  s.     Solid,  glossv,  clouded  with  red  :  hase  faintly  ano^led. 
Dia'a  acuta,  n.  s.     Base  flattened,  sliarply  auf^led :  turrited.    Bch.-lO  fm.  Cp, 
Styliferina  turrita,  n.  s.     Minute,  slender,  base  rounded. 


304. 

.^505. 
,'50' i. 
307. 

308. 
309. 


370. 


Probably  exotic. 


Family  OculidfP.. 
Hadim  variabilis,  0.  B.  Ad.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  435. 

Family  Cyprmdee. 
Luponia  spadicea.  Gray.     Like  otiyx,  but  lifrht-coloured. 
Trivia  Califomica,  Gray.     Small :  ribs  .^haro,  distant. 
Ti  ivia  Soliindri,  Gray.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  441.    From  Southern  fauna.    Sta.  Barb. 

and  St.  Nich.  Is.  common,  Cp. 
Erato  vitellina,  lids.  Sulph.     Large,  wide-mouthed  :  paries  callous. 
Erato  columbella,  Mke.=/<  !<cop^fpa,  Gld.    Maz.  Cat.  p.  537.     Perhaps  a  var.  of 

Mauyera,  from  the  tropics.     20—40  fm.  c.  Cp. 

Suborder  Toxifera.  Family  Terehridee. 

Myurella  simplex,  n.  s.    Sculpture  verv  faint  and  vaiiable :  shape  of  albocincta, 
c.  Cp. 

Family  Pleurotomid<e. 

371.  Drillia  inermis,  Hds.  Sulph.     Early  whirls  close  sculptiired.     Beach-16  fm. 

living.  Cp. 

372.  Drillia  inclm,  n.  s.     Like  inermis  :  spiral  sculpture  grooved,  not  raised. 

37^5.  Drillia  mcexta,  n.  s.     Like  large  luctuoaa  :  middle  whirls  with  long  transverse 

ribs  and  posterior  knobs ;  adult  obsolete. 
374.  Drillia  torosa,  n.  s.  Whirls  rounder,  olivaceous :  with  one  row  of  strong  bosses 

throughout :  no  posterior  knobs. 
374  6.  Drillia  ?var.  aurantia.    Orange,  with  sutural  rlblet  and  faint  spiral  sculpture. 
1803.  1^3 


C58 


REPORT 1S03. 


1 — 

1 

Nutt 

Jew. 

B.  A.|  Smithx.Ina. 

'                      I 

Ken.    Lord.  Swan.      l'oo|ier. 

375.  Drillia  penicillata  

.'i76.  lancellata    

;}77.  Mangelia  levidensis     .... 

378.  tttbulata 

379.  interfo8«a 

380.  •  crebrieostata 

.'i81.  variegata 

— 

B 

B 
B 

B 
B 

B 

i 
1 



P 

c 

L 

~ 

M 

D 
L 

P 
P 

P 
P 
P 

V 

V 
V 
V 
V 

— 

V 

V 
V 

^• 

V 
V 

M 

! 

D 

381  b.  ?var.  nitens 

."WQ    anculata  .......... 

38,3.  Btla  fidicula    

384.  excunata    

385.  ?  Daphnella  aspera 

380   ?          filosa 

:»7.  ? effusa     

388.  Conns  Californicus 

389.  Oljeliscus  ?varie;i:atu8  .... 

300.  Odostoinia  nuciformis .... 

300  b.  ?var.  avellana 

301.  satura 

301  b.  ?mr.  Gouldii    

.S02.  crravida    

303             inflata 

375.  DrilUn  pe^iicUlafn,  n.  s.     Like  inermis,  with  delirate  1irowni.*h  penfillinjrs. 
876.  Driilia*  canceUatu,  ? n.  s.     Like  the  yoiintr  of  incisa,  but  nndoyily  cancellated. 

377.  Mancfvlia  levidensis,  n.  8.     Stumpy,  purpash  brown,  with  rouirh  sculpture. 

378.  ManyeUa  tnbulata,  n.  8.  Stout,  stiouijly  shouldered,  coarsely  cancellated.  I'illar 

abnormally  twisted. 

379.  3Ian{}elia  inttrfossa,  n.  s.     Like  attenuata,  delicately  cnnccllated. 

380.  MangeUa  crebrico<tata,  n.  s.     Like  st'ptangtilaris,  with  clo-iely  set  ribs. 

381.  Alangelia  variegata,  n.  8.     Small,  slender,  thin,  zoned  with  brown  :  9  narrow 

ribs,  and  strong  spiral  striae. 
381  b.  3fangelia  ?var.  nitens.     Glossy  :  spiral  lines  almost  obsolete. 

382.  Mangdia  angiilata,  n.  s.    Shape  of  variegata,  but  brown,  whlrl.s  broad,  angulan 

383.  Belajidicula,  Gld.  E.E.     Verj-  close  to  turriaila,  var.     8-10  fm.  Lgull. 
.384.  Btla  exairvata,  n.  8.     Like  Trevelliana  :  stumpy,  Chrysalloid. 

J^o.  ?Dnphnellai  aspera,  n.  s.     Elongated,  with  coarse  fenestration. 

386.  ?Daphnellai  yilosa,  n.  8.      Small,  diamond-shaped,  but  rounded  penpheryj 

spirally  threaded. 

387.  ?Daphnella^  effusa,  nom.  prov.     Thin,  exti-emely  dra\vn-out,  sculpture  faint. 

Family  Conidce. 

388.  ContM  Californicus,  Hds.  SuIph.=rai-MS,  Gld. 


Chestnut,  plain. 


Suborder  Phoboscidifeha.        Family  PyramidelUda. 

880.  Ooeliscus  ?variegatus,  n.  s.     From  Gulf  fauna.     Periphery  with  spiral  groove. 

Colour-pattern  clouded. 
.390.  Odosiomia  nuciformis,  n.  a.     Very  large,  solid,  Tomatelloid. 
.3906.  Odostomia?vtir.  avellana.     Sh&yte  of  conoidalis. 

.391.   Odostomia  satura,  n.  8.     Laige,  with  swollen  whirls  like  Bithinia  nmilis. 
391  b.  Odostomia  ?var.  Gouldii.     Taller,  base  gently  rounded. 
.*^02.   Odostomia  gravida,  Gid.  Otia.     I-ike  connidalis,  but  nucleus  minute. 
393.  Odostomia  inflata,  n.  s.     Like  large  doliolifonnis :  with  most  minute  spiral 

striulation.    Farallone  Is.     On  JIal.  rufescens,  teste  Darbishire. 

•  A  peculiar  ^up  of  species,  resembling  Clionella  (marine,  teste  Stimpson.) 
t  Generic  position  of  all  these  doubtful :  perhaps  they  belong  to  genera  not  yet 
eliminated  :  jUosa  resembling  the  Eocene  forms  between  Cotitu  acd  PUvri'toma, 

144 


ON  MOLLrsCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


659 


.•'.'.>4. 

•in.-). 

*>7. 
:VXH. 

400. 

40/;. 
401. 

401/;. 

402. 

40.'^. 

40:^6, 

404. 

405. 

40('). 

4' 17. 

408. 


Odostomia  straminea  . . . 

teniiisculpta    

Chi-ysallida  cincta  

piiiuilp 

Diinkfria  laminata 

Cht'iunitzia  tridentata     . 

chocolata 

vai:  aiirantia   

tcnuicula 

?iar.  subcuspidata . 

crebrifilata 

torquata 

':'var.  stylina    

vir<ro    

Eiilima  micans     

conipacta 

rxitila    

thersite.s 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

1 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Sw»n. 

Cooper. 

— 

— 

H 

— 

— 

V 

c 

"~ 

— 

^^ 

, , 

~~~~ 

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I 
1)1 

— 

B 

— 

- 

P 

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— 

D 

MD 

D 

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B 

B 

— 

P 

— 

— 

D 
J) 

— 

B 
B 

— 

1» 

V 

— 

M 

— 

B 

— 

— 

P 

— 

V 

PI 
13 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

M 

— 

B 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

394.  0-   tfomia  straminea,  n.  8.     Like  tall  Tar.  of  injlata,  with  straw-coloured  epi- 

dermis, not  striulate. 

395.  Ododomia  t«mmcHlpta,Ti.  s.     Like  suhlindata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  487,  with  obsolete 

sculpture  throusrhout. 
306.  Cfiri/sallida  cincta,  n.  s.     Passing  towards  Mumiola.     Kadiating  sculpture  very 
faint. 

397.  ChrymUida  pumila,  n.  s.     Like  ovtdum,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  512,  but  slender;  spiral 

lines  delicate. 

398.  Diinheria  laminata,  n.  s.   Subgenus  of  Chemni'zia,  with  rounded  whirls :  typical 

species.     Aspect  of  FeueUa,  finely  cancellated. 

399.  Chemnitzia  tridentata,  n.  s.     Larire,  chestnut :   19-24  ribs,  evanescent  at  peri- 

Ehery :  waved  interspaces  with  8-10  spiral  grooves :  labrum  with  3  teeth, 
idden  as  in  OhtUscm :  base  round. 

400.  Chemnitzia  chocolata,  n.  s.    Same  size  and  colour :  not  toothed :  ba.se  prolonged : 

crowded  ribs  minutely  striulate  between. 
400b.C/ifmnitzia  ?var.  aurantia.      Intermediate  between  the  above:  orange,  base 
round  ;  26  ribs,  striul'^'te  betwf;en. 

401.  Chemnitzia  teiniicida,  Gld.  Otia.     Shape  of  <nV/<?«/rt/a  dwarfed  :  whirls  flatter, 

base  prolonged,  spiral  grooving  strong. 
401  b.  Chemnitzia  ?var.  suhcmpidata.     Ribs  more  distant,  miiricated  at  sutures. 
4)2.   Chemnitzia  crebrijilata,  n.  s.     Slender,  whitish:  with  8  spiral  threads  passing 

over  24  ribs,  evanescent  round  base. 
403.   Chemnitzia  torquata,  Gld.  Otia=  Vancourerensis,  Gld.     Eibs  truncated  before 

periphery,  leaving  plain  band  above  sutures. 
Chemnitzia  ?var.  stylina.     Like  torquata,  tapering,  less  swollen  in  front,  with 

more  ribs,  band  less  marked. 


4036 

404.  Chemnitzia  I'irffo,  n.  s.   Very  slender,  with  short,  smooth  base  :  18  ribs,  evanes- 


cent at  peripheiy,  and  8  spiral  grooves. 


Family  Etdimida. 

405.  Eulima  micans,  ?  n.  a.    Perhaps  a  small  var.  of  the  European  polUa.    30-40  fm. 

living.  Cp. 

406.  Etdiina  compacta,  ?  n.  8.     Small,  with  blunt  spire  and  elongated  base. 

407.  Eidima  rutila,  ?  n.  s.     Leiostracoid,  rosy,  base  lengthened.     Like  producta, 

Maz.  Cat.  no.  551. 

408.  Eidima  themites,  n.  s.    Very  broad,  short,  twisted. 

10  im 


am 


REPORT — 18G3. 


Nutt 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smitha.  Ini. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

>■  wan. 

CoupiT.      1 

409.  Scalaria  Indianorum    

4(«)6. Vvar.  tintta 

410.  PCiiminjrii   

410  J. pp-acilis 

— 

Bfs. 

B 
B 

B 
B 

■ 

P 

L 



— 

V 

V 

V 
V 
V 

V 
V 

T)    1 
1)    1 

M       1 
MI) 
M 

M 

I 

MD 
M 

MD 

I 

I 

411.  siibforonata     

412.  crebrico.«itata 

413.  bflla-striata 

414.  Opalia  bort'alis     

415.  ?iar.  insculpta    . . . . 

4 10.  sponfriosa     

417.  retiporosa    

418.  bullata 

41J).  Cerithiop*is  tuberculata. . 
420.  coliimna 

421.  niunita     

42."..  fortior 

424.  assimilata    

425.  Triforis  Padversa 

420.  Cancellaria  modesta    

Family  Scalnriadfp. 
400.  Scalaria  Indianorum,  ?  n.  s.     Between   Tiirtonis  and  commtniis :  like  "  Geor- 

ffettina,  Kien.  Mus.  Cuui.  no.  34,  Brazil." 
4096.  Scalaria  !-'var.  tincta.     Purple-brown  behind :  like  regular  is,  without  spiral 

sculpture. 

410.  Scalaria  ?Cumingii,  Cpr.  P.Z.S.  1856,  p.  105, 
4l0h.Scalaria  ?(fracilis,  Sby.  in  Mu.'<.  Cum. 

411.  Scalaria  suhcoronafa,  n.  s.     Like  young  comwi/ww,  with  more  and  sharper  ribs, 

faintly  coronated  when  adolescent. 

412.  Scalaria  crebricostata,  n.  s.  =  Mus.  Cum.  no.  32 :  15  sharp  reflexed  ribs,  coro- 

nated against  the  sutures. 

413.  Scalari'i  hellastriata,  n.  s.     Shape  like  pretiosa,  jun. :  ribs  veiy  close,  spinous 
at  shoulder,  cro.ssed  by  spiral  riblets. 

Opalia  btrenlis,  Gld.  E.  E.     Very  close  to  australis:  obsolete  forms  like  Ocho- 

temis,  Midd. 
Opalia  (?c)'enatoides,  var.)  insculpta.     Like  the  C.  S.  L.  form  and  crenata,  but 

ribs  closer,  \^nthout  spiral  sculpture,  sutural  holes  behind  the  basal  rib. 
Opalia  spnngiosa,  n.  s.     Like  small,  very  slender  graimlata :  siu'face  riddled 

with  deep  punctures  in  spiral  rows. 
Opalia  retiporosa,  n.  s.     Sculpture  in  network,  with  deep  holes.   40  fm.  d.  r.  Cp, 
Opalia  buUata,  n.  s.     Shape  of  Rissoina  :  with  sutural  oosses  :  no  basal  lib. 

Family  Cerithiopsid<B. 

419.  Cen'thiopsis  tnherculata,  Mont.  Fbs.  &  Hani.     Agrees  with  the  British  rather 

than  with  the  Mazatlan  form.  Cat.  no.  557. 

420.  Cerithiopsis  columna,  n.  s.     Very  tall :  nodules  close,  like  strung  figs. 

421.  Cerithiopsis  munita,  n.  s.     Stout :  strongly  sculptured  :  base  evenly  ribbed. 

422.  Cerithiopsis  piirpuret,  n.  s.     Stained  with  pui-ple  :  nodules  fine  :  base  finely 

lirate. 

423.  Cerithiopsis  fortior,  Ti.  a.     Sculpture  open  :  strong  basal  rib. 

424.  Cerithiopsis  ammilata,  C.  B.  Ad.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  563.   With  spiral  keels.   From 

Southern  fauna. 

425.  Triforis  ?adversa,  Mont.  Fbs.  &  Hani.     Agrees  with  British  specimens.     iO- 

4b  fm.  V.  r.  Cp. 

Family  Cancellanada. 

426.  CancelJnria  modesta,  n.  s.     Like  Trichoti     w  borealis,  with  two  slantinc  ^aH* 

and  spiral  ribs  travelling  up  the  paries.     See  aliso  p.  615,  no8.  463,  &17. 

146 


414. 

415. 

416. 

417. 
418. 


ox  MOLI.USCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


G6i 


42".  Trichotropis  cancellata 

42S.  inermis    

42'.>.  Velutina  laevigata  . . , 
4J0.  prolongata 

4.51.  Natica  clausa 

4.52.  Liuiatia  Lewisii 

4-"i"..  pallida 

4-'{4.  Neventa  Recluziana  . 
4'\5.  Priene  Oreponensis . . . , 
4-i<>.  Kanella  Californica . ,. . 

4.S7.  Mltra  maura     , 

4S'<.  Margrinella  Jewettii    . , 

439.  subtrigona , 

440.  rejfularis , 

441.  Volutella  pyriformis   . , 

442.  Volvarina  varia   , 

443.  Olivella  biplicata 

444.  bsetica 


Nutt  Jew. 

U.A. 

Smiths.  Ina. 

Krn.    Lord.  .*iwan. 

t'oo|>er. 

«__ 

^^ 

P 

1 

P 

V 

^_ 

— 

— 

— 

1        — 

P 

— 

V 
V 
V 

— 

_ 

_ 

~ 





P 



P 



V 





c 

P 

P 

P 



V 

D 

— 

— 

P 

D 
VP 

P 

V 

V 

D 
M 



«• 

P 

P 

V 

V 

— 



— 

L 

— 





BD 

c 

— 

— 

I 

— 

— 



]»r 

— 

B 
B 
B 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

MI 

— 

— 

F 

— 

— 

— 

MDI 
D 

c 

B 

C 

C 

D 

— 

— 

V 

DI 
MDI 

— 

B 

oc 

M 

P 

— 

V 

D 

427. 
428. 

429. 
430. 

4:31. 
432. 

433. 

434 


435. 
436. 


4S7. 


433. 

439. 

440. 

441. 
442. 

443. 
444. 


Tn'chnfropis  cancellata,  Hds.  Sulph.    Sculpture  stronor,  open.    Epidermis  bristly. 
Trichotropis  inermis,  Hds.  Sulph.     Sculpture  faint :  not  bristly. 

Family  Velutiind<e. 

Vehttina  leevignta,  Linn.  Fbs.  &  Ilanl.     Exactly  accords  with  British  speci- 
mens.    ?  =  Kamtschatkana,  Desh. 
Vdutina  prolongata,  n.  s.   Spire  very  small.     Labrum  produced  in  front. 

Family  Xaticidee. 

Xatica  clmisa,  Brod.  &  Sbv.    Umbilicus  closed.    Operc.  shelly.     CircumbireaL 

Lunatia  Leuisii,  Gld.  E.  E.  =  hercuhea,  Midd.  Whirls  flattened  behind.  Abun- 
dant on  beach,  Cp, 

Lunatia  pallida,  Br.  &  Sby.  =  caurina-\-soluta,  Gld.  Globular,  compact,  whitish. 
Boreal. 

Neverita  Recluziana,  Petit,  Rve.  Large,  solid,  raised,  with  brown  grooved 
lump  on  pillar.     Also  Guaj'mas. 

Family  Tritonid<e, 
Priene  Oregonenns,  Eedf.   Like  cancellata,  but  coarser  sculpture.    6fm.  LyaU. 
Ranella  Californica,  Hds.  Sulph.     Scarcely  differs  from  tine  specimens  of  R. 
ventricosa,  in  Mus.  Cum.  • 

Family  Fasciolarida. 
Mltra  maura,  Swains.  Nutt.  =  or/e«^a/j.?, Gr&y  ='  Chilensis,  Gray,'  Kien.     Very 
dark  and  plain.    Peru.     Sand  between  rocks,  1.  w.  Cum.  Peru. 

Family  Marginellidce. 

Marginella  Jeicettii,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  207.     Like    the   Mogador    species, 

somewhat  shorter  and  broader.     10-20  fm.  C)>. 
Marginella  subtrigona,  n.  8.     Shape  of  Urato  columheUa. 
Marginella  reqidaris,  n.  s.     Between  Jewettii  and  minor,  C.  B.  Ad.  Maz.  Cat. 

no.  587.     Beach-20  fm.  Cp. 
Volutella  jnfriformis,  n.  s.     Genus  of  Swainson  Cnot  D'Orb.)  =  Closia,  Gray. 

Like  V.  margarittda,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  689,  but  produced  in  front. 
Vokarina  varia,  Sby.     C.  S.  Lucas,  W.  Indies. 

Family  Olividce.  '"> 

OliveUa  biplicata,  Sby.  T«nk.=glandinaria,  Nutt.     Nut-shaped. 
Olivella  beetica,  n.  s.     Narrow,  dull,  thin :  has  been  erroneously  called  anazoray 
terginOf  petiolita,  and        fasciata. 

147 


GO? 


REPORT 1^(53. 


j 

>'ut!. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

[Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord.  ."?  wan. 

i 

Cooper 

445.  Nas.-ia  t'ossata    

C 
B 

B 
C 

B 

B 

B/«. 

B 
B 
F 

C 

B 
F 

PC 
C 

P 

? 

LC 
1' 
C 

0 
C 
D 
C 

C 

? 

c 
c 

(?P)L 

POF 

L 
VD 

VPFiMI 

VPOF 

VF 

VPF 

D 
POC 

P 
P 
P 

P 

P 
P 

P 

V 
V 

V 
V 
V 

V 

V 

V 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 
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V 
V 

V 

D 
BDI 

I 

MD 

1)1 

D 

M 

xAIDI 

1) 

I 

1)1 
MDI 
MD 

F 

FI 

I) 

FD 

440.  perpiiiiTui-s    

447.  iiisculnta 

44."*.  niendica 

449,  Cooperi    

450.  teu'ula 

451.  Ainycla  ^ausapata  

452. ?  Caiiforniana 

4.5.3.  tuboi'osa 

454.  ? chrysalloidea     .... 

4i55.  ? undata 

456.  ?  Tnmcaria  corrufrata  .... 

457.  Columbella  rariuata    .... 
4576.  ?var.  Ilindsii 

458.  Purpura  crispata 

459.  canaliculata    

4(>0.  saxicola    

4()06.  var.  fuscata    

4t}0c.  var.  emar<rinata    . . 

4G0rf.  var.  ostrina   

Family  Buccinidm. 
445.  Kassa  fossafa,  Gld.  E.  E.  =  rlef/ans,  live,  non  Desh.    Lar<^e,  broad,  flattened  spire. 
44ti.  Sassa  perpinguis,  Hds.  Sulph.     Same  type,  smaller,  rounder,  narrower. 

447.  Xansa  insculpfa,  n.  s.     Zeiixis,  with  vari.v  and  non-reflexed  callus.     Spirally 

grooved.     40  fm.  living,  r.  Cp. 

448.  Xassu  ))icn<Iica,Gld.K.E.-\-Gihbesii,CooT^.s:  1foodicttrdii,Fhs.    Very  variable  : 

some  forms  approach  trivittata. 
440.  yasm  Cuoperi,  Fbs.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  273.     Like  mrndica,  M-ith  7  distant  ribs, 
and  fine  .spiral  sculpture. 

450.  yami  tegula,  Rve.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  624.     From  SoiitLera  fauna. 

451.  Anujcla  i/aimipata,  Gld.  E.  E.     ((^enus  rearrfiniri-d  for  Columbellids  with  X.as- 

soid  opercula,  probably  includinjj  Alia  and  Asfi/ris.)  Strong,  solid,  varie- 
gated, smooth. 

452.  Aimjcla  ?  Calif omiayia,  Gask.  P.  Z.  S.  1851,  p.  12.     Whirls  more  swollen. 

453.  Avufcia  tidjerom,  n.  s.     Very  close  to  fttinor,  Scacchi,  but  with  different  nu- 

cleus.    8-10  fm.c.  Cp. 

454.  ?Ami/cIa  chri/salloidea,  n.  s.     Shape  of   Tnmcaria  ewytoides,  but  mouth  not 

effuse  :  spirally  fun-owed.     Shoal-water,  Cp. 

455.  fAmi/cla  unda'a,  n.  s.     Like  stumpy,  small  vorrttgata,  with  waved  sculpture. 

40  fm.  not  r.  Cjy. 

456.  ?  Tnmcaria  cornigata,  Rve.  Conch.  Ic.  ("  Buccinum :"  "  Pimnin,"  Add.     May 

be  an  Ainycla.)  Large,  with  waved  ribs  and  spiral  stria;.  Dwarfed  at  40 
fm.  Cp. 

4f)7.  "  ColumJiella  "  carinata,  Hds.  Sulph.  Small,  turrited,  smooth,  with  stout  pos- 
terior keel.     (Perhaps  Amycla.)     Beach,  Cp. 

4576.  Columhella  ?var.  Hiudsii,  live.     Keel  shorter,  till  it  ceases,  as  in  gausapata. 

Family  Pitrpnridce. 
458.  Piirpira  criitpafa,  Chem.=plicafa,  Mart.  =  l"cfiirn,  F.>ic]\.  =  .9epfentrio}talis,  Rve. 

+&c.     Large,  strong,  canal  distinct,  smooth  or  foliated. 
450.  Purpura  canaliodata,  Duel.  =  {Iece7ucosfaf<i,  }i['n\d. +a(feniiata,  Ttxe. -{-analogaf 

Fbs.     With  elegant  spiral  grooves.     Chrvsodonioid. 
460.  Pin-pura  sancnla,YHl.  =  lapi!lm,  Coop.    Like  the  Atlantic  species, rough,  pillal 

scooped,  with  brown  .spiral  lines. 
4(506.  Purjnira  v&r.  fu-teata,  Fbs.     Raised  thin  form,  dull,  with  faint  sculpture. 
460c.  Pirpiira  var.  cmnrginafa,  Desh.     Short,  swollen,  with  scnly  sculpture. 
400J.  Purpura  vur.  odtina,  Gld.  E.  £.     Short,  swollen,  nearly  suiooth. 

148 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  \ORTH  AMF.RICA. 


663 


1  Nutt.  Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins.  Ken.  |  Lonl. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

4(il.  Monoceros  engonatmn    . . 

40 1 i. ?var.  spiiatum    

4(52.  lapilloides    

40.'i.  Ocinebra  lurida  and  vara. 
4t)4.  interfossa 

B 
B 

~c 

B 

B> 

?B 

B 

B 

C 



— 

B 
B/s. 

c 

C  i 



0  1 

c 
c 

D  1 

1 

1 

— 
L  1 
LC 

P 

71 

A 

D 

D 
FI 
MI 

L 
PODI/s. 

L 

I 

(I) 
D 

D 
V 

P 
P 

P 

P 
P 

?Pjn 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 

V 
V 
V 

V 

1)1 
I 

I 
Mjun.l 

UI 

?D 

D 

MD 

D 
MBDI 

I 
BD 

?i 

465.  ? Poulsoni    

46(5.  Cerostoma  foliatum     .... 
467.  Xuttallii 

468.  monoceros   

469.  Chorus  Belcheri 

470.  Nitidella  Gnuldii 

471.  Pedicularia  Califomica  . . 

472.  Pteronotus  festivus 

473.  Muricidea  Califoruira.  . . . 

474.  Trophon  multicootatus    . . 

475.  Orpheus 

4(0.  trianjrulatus    

477.  Siphonalia  Kellettii     .... 

478.  fuscotinrta 

479.  Chrysodonms  tabulatus  . , 

480. liratus 

461. 

401 />, 
402. 

403. 


4036. 

403  c, 

4(54. 

4(55. 

4(50. 

407. 

408. 

409. 

470. 

471. 


472. 
473. 
474. 

475. 
470. 
477. 

478. 
479. 

480. 


Monoceros  engonatum,  Conr.  =  unica>-itiatutn,  Sby.  Brown-dotted,  with  sharp 
posterior  keel,  snioothi.sh.     Beach,  Cp. 

Miiiwceros  ?\'a.v..spirafiiin  (Blainv.).     Lijiht  colour:  scaly;  hnra  not  developed. 

Monoceros  lapilloides,  Com:=27uiictatu)n,Griiy-\-breciile)is,  Conr.  Not  should- 
ered :  shape  of  lapillus. 

Ocinebra  lurida,  Midd.  (Genus  reconstitutf^d  for  Muricoid  Purpuiids  with 
irregular  varices.)  Like  canalictdata,  brown,  with  swelling  ribs.  Beach  on 
Cat.  Is.  liA-ing.  Cp. 

Ocinebra  var.  aspera,  Baird.     Sculpture  rough. 

Ocinebra  var.  inunda.     Tall,  with  faint  .sculpture. 

Ocineb  a  interfossa,  n.  s.     Purple-brown,  with  latticed  sculpture. 

?  Ocinebra  Poidsoni,  Xutt.     Shape  like  M.  monoceros,  with  brown  spiral  line*. 

Cerostoma  foliatum,  Gme:\.  =  monodon,  l']sch.     Large,  with  winged  varicfs. 

Cerostoma  XtiftalUi,  Conr.  Smaller,  pear-shaped :  interstices  scarcely  sculptured. 

Cerostoma  monoceros,  Sby.     Spire  raised  :  whirls  rough,  roimded. 

Chorus  Belcheri,  Hds.  Sulph.  Very  large,  with  irregular  varices  like  Trophon. 
L.  w.  com.  Cp. 

Nitidelh  Oo'ddii,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1F~0,  p.  ?08.  Slender :  like  thin  A.  gausapata, 
with  Pui'puroid  operc. 

Pedicularia  Califomica,  Newc.     Small,  purple,  highly  sculptured. 

Family  Muricidee. 

P/eronotusfesth'Hs,  lids.  Sulph.     Form  irregular;  fiills  reflexed. 

Muricidea  Californica,Hd!i.HiilY>h.  Varices  faintly  developed.    L.w.-20fm.  Cp. 

Trophon  tnidttcosfa'us,  Esch.=  Guuneri,  Lov.  live.     Frills  spiny  behind:  not 

sculptured  spirally.     Circumpolar. 
Trophon  Orpheus,  Gld,  E.  E.     Like  the  List,  with  distant  spiral  riblets. 
Trophon  trianffdahts,n.  a.    Typhoid  shape  :  frills  triangular,  white.    GOfm.Cp. 
Siphonalia  Kellettii,  Fbs.  P.  Z.  S.  18.50,  p.  274.     Very  large,  tiurited,  with 

swollen  whirls.     .Also  Japan.     1  hving  Oi  in.  long. 
Siphonalia  fu scot incta,  n.  s.     Like  the  same  in  extreme  miniature. 
Chri/soloiniis  tabula/us,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  1803,  p.  6(5.    Large,  with  posterior  keel, 

ami  delicate  sculpture.     120  fm.  dead.  Cat.  Is.  Cp. 
Chn/sodoinus  liratus.  Mart.  =  dtcemcostatus,  Midd.  (?  Say)  =  Middendorffii,  Coop. 

Swollen,  with  dislaut  keels.     Whidby's  Is. 

149 


C64 


REPORT 1&G3. 


Nutt.   Jew. 

i 

B.A.  'smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

481.  Chi-ysodomus  dirus 

482. rectirostris 

48;i.  Fusus  anibustus 

484.  Macron  Kellettii 

485   lividus     

.___ 

B/s. 
B 

c 

L 

VI 

FMI 
L 
L 

(FL) 
?M 

P 
P 

?P 
?P 

V 

V 

?v 

BDI 

?I 

D 

D 

DI 

48(3.  Anachis  subturrita 

487.  ? penicillata 

488.  Argonauta  Argo 

489.  Octopus  punctatii8 

4iK).  Ommastrephes  giganteus  . 
491.  Avresii    

492.  Onychoteuthis  fusiformis  . 

481.  Chrysodomui  dirus,  Rve.  =  indsus,  Gld.  =  Sitchensis,  Midd.     Dark  liver,  with 

spiral  grooves. 

482.  Chrysodomtts  rectirostris,  n.  s.     Small,  white,  smooth,  with  straight  canal. 

483.  FiLius  ambustus,  Gld.  Otia.     Close  to  clavata,  iJrocchi,  from  Mediterranean. 

Farallone  \s.  teste  Darbishire ;  16  fm.  c.  Cp. 

484.  Macron  Kellettii,  A.  Ad.  P.  Z.  S.  1853,  p.  185.    Laige,  with  blunt  keels.    Dead, 

CO  fm.  Cat.  Is.  Cp. 

485.  Macron  lividus,  A.  Ad.     Small,  smooth. 

486.  Anachis  subturrita,  n.  s.     Aspect  of  small  Rissoina.     20  faint  libs :  no  spiral 

sculpture. 

487.  ? Anachis  penicilluta,  n.  s.    Small,  with  Metuloid  sculpture.     Beach-10  fm.  Cp. 

Class  CEPHALOPODA.  ily  Argonautidce. 

488k  Arfionauta  Argo,\Aiin.  axxct.    Like  the  Me  ..^erranean  form.    Hundrc '^  on  Sta 
Cruz  Is.  Cp. 

Family  Octopides. 

489.  Octopus  punctatm,  Gabb,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  1862,  p.  170.    S.  Clemente  Is.  Cp. 

Family  Loligidte. 

490.  Ommastrephes  giganteus,  D'Orb.     Peru.     Common  at  S.  Clemente  Is.  Cp. 

491.  Ommastrephes  Ayresii,GaMh,Vvoc.C&\. Ac.     Hundreds  on  S.  Clemente  Is.  Cp, 

492.  Onychoteuthis  fusiformis,  Gabb,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  1802,  p.  171.     "Cape  Horn, 

Mus.  Ac."    'S.  Clemente  Is.  Cp. 

113.  It  remains  to  tabulate  the  shells  which  have  been  received  from 
special  localities,  south  of  the  State  of  California,  either  by  the  writer  or  by 
the  Smithsonian  Institution ;  vide  Br.  Assoc.  Eep.,  par.  77. 

The  promontory  of  Lower  Call  fornia  has  been  so  little  explored,  that  the 
existence  of  a  large  inland  fiord,  in  lat.  28°,  was  not  known  to  the  autho- 
rities. It  appears  that  the  whales  have  long  deli,a;htcd  in  its  quiet  waters; 
and  those  whalers  who  were  in  the  secret  carefully  preserved  the  exclusive 
knowledge  of  so  profitable  a  hunting-ground.  AU  that  we  know  at  present 
of  the  molluscs  of  that  region  is  from  collections  made  at  Cerros  Island,  by 
Dr.  Ayres  and  Dr.  Veitsch.  They  are  mostly  shore  shells,  and  are  sadly 
intermixed  with  an  abundance  of  cowries,  cones,  strombs,  and  other  clearly 
Pacific  species,  which  throw  great  doubt  upon  those  which  may  be  truly 
from  the  coast.  As  it  is  manifestly  a  "  hotbed  of  spurious  species,"  nothing 
can  safely  be  built  upon  the  data,  which  present  a  singular  intermixture  of 
northern  and  southern  forms.  Excluding  the  Central  Pacific  importations, 
the  lists  stand  as  follows,  the  temperate  species  being  distinguished  (as  in  the 
tirst  Report)  by  a  *,  the  tropical  by  a  t : — 

150 


ON   MOLLUSCA  OK  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


665 


•Sanguinolaria  Nuttalli. 
"Macoma  aecta. 

Anjrulus  (iouldii. 
•tikttrodonax  bimaculatua. 

•JJonax  L'alifornicus. 

tUonax  puuctato.striatus. 

•.Standella  i'Californica. 

*Pafhydesina  crassatelloide& 
•tAiniantis  callosa. 

•Chione  siuiillima. 

tC'hione  ne<jlecta. 

•Tapt'S  staminea,  Conr. 

tTapes  grata  and  vars. 

•Luciua  Ca'.it'oinica. 
Lucina  bella. 

•Mvtilus  edulis.  (One  young  specimen, 
perhaps  from  San  Frani-isco.) 

•St'ptifer  bifurcatus. 

fPecten  subno.losus,  ventricosus. 

•Pecten  monotinieris  and  vax's, 

•Hinnites  gigantius. 
•fOstrea  conchaphila. 
•fAnomia  Planipe. 

Siphonaria  ffiqiiilirata. 
•tMf'lampus  olivaceus. 

Helix  arrosa. 
•fBulla  nebulosa. 
•flschuochiton  Magdalensis. 

•Acmsea  persona,  var.  textilis. 

•Acmaea  scabra,  var.  liiuatula. 

•Acmaea  Psp.'Ctrum,  juu. 

*Lottia  gigantea. 

*Lucapina  crenulata. 

•Fissurella  volcano. 

•Haliotis  splendens. 

•Ilaliotis  Cracherodii. 

•Pomaulax  v.idosus. 


•Trochiscus  Norrisii. 
*Oinphalius  i'luscescens. 
•Oniphalius  aureotinctua. 
tCrucibulnm  inibricatum. 
•fCmcibulum  spinosum. 
tCrepidula  arenata  and  var. 
tCenthium  uncinatum. 
•Cerithidea  pullata. 
tCerithidea  Montagnei. 
•Litorina  planaxis. 

Luponia  sp.  ind.,  jna. 
tTrivia  Solandri. 
•Trivia  Califoiuica. 

Drillia  penicillata. 

Myurella,  sp. 
•fXeverita  Keduziana. 
tXatica  Maroccana. 
•Scalaria  (Ind.  var.)  tincta. 
tBezoarilica  abbreviata. 
fLeiicozonia  cingulata. 
tStrigatella  tristis. 
•Qlivella  biplicata. 
•Purpura  ostrina,  vars. 
tPurpura  biserialis. 

Mouoceros  lugubre. 
tVitularia  salebrosa. 

Cerostonia  monoceros. 

Ocinebra  Poulsoni. 

Chorus  FJeicheri. 
tColumbella  fuscata. 
*Columbella  carinata. 
tStrombina  gibber  ula. 
tAnachis  coronata. 
•fNassa  tegula. 
tNassa  complanata. 

Macron  Kellettii. 
•Macron  lividus. 


Callopoma  tessellatum  =  Folili esii. 

The  shells  of  Margarita  Bay,  on  the  Pacific  coast  cf  Lower  California,  in 
lat.  24°,  have  beoonie  known  through  W.  Harper  Pease,  Esq.,  of  Honolulu, 
Sandwich  Islands.  Through  his  labours  we  are  likely  soon  to  bt  favoured 
•with  accurate  accounts  of  the  distribution  of  species  in  the  various  parts  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  Ali  adj'  his  researches  have  greatly  enriched  our  know- 
ledge of  the  quaint  fauna  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  from  which  he  has  elimi- 
nated the  spurious  sjjecies,  and  added  those  erroneonfily  ascribed  to  California 
by  previous  naturalists.  The  principal  trade  from  these  islands  is  with  San 
Francisco ;  and  "  the  coast,"  in  Mr.  Pease's  writings,  signifies  the  coast  of 
California  or  (generally)  of  Western  America.  Many  of  our  best  specimens 
of  rare  West-coast  shells  have  been  received  from  him,  and  in  remarkably 
fresh  preser%-ation.  The  Margarita  Bay  species  were  obtained  by  one  of  his 
trained  collectors,  and  are  as  follows  : — 

Martesia  intercalata. 
Saxicava  pholadis 
Solecurtus  violascens. 


Iliatula  compacta. 
•Tellina  secta. 
Strigilla  camaria  (pink), 
Semele  Califoiuica. 


151 


Donax  punctatostriatus. 

Dosiuia  ponderosa. 

Callista  chionaea. 

Callista  vulnernta  (?=tricolor,  Pie,), 

Chione  succincta 

Chione  gnidia. 

Tapes  grat^i. 


r^a 


KEPORT 13G3. 


•Tape*  staminea. 

Chama  t'rondosa. 

Cardiuni  proceruin. 

Liocardiuin  elatum. 

Modiola  capax. 

Modiola  Brasiliensis. 

Lithophagus  attenuatus. 

Barbatia  gradata. 

Pecten  ventrioosus. 

Ostrea  Virginica  (Maz.  Cat.). 
•(  ),strea  lurida,  var. 

(Jstrea  coachaphila. 

Ostrea  amara. 

Siphonaria  sequilirata  (  =  leviuscula, 
Sbi/.,  teste  Vumitiy). 

Siphonaria  grigas. 
•Helix  areolata,  Fhs.     (The  only  land- 
shell  received  from  the  Bay.J 

Dentaliuni  tetragonuni,  Sby. 

Dentalium  seniipolituiu. 

Dentalium  lacteuin,  1  hil, 

Acnisea  strigatella. 

Acniaea  atrata. 

Gadinia  reticulata. 

Callio.-itoma  versicolor. 
•Chlorostonia  gallina. 
•Chlorostoiiia  aureotinctum. 

Nerita  scabricosta. 

Nerita  liernhardi. 

Crueibuluni  spinosum. 

Crucibuluni  imbricatum. 

In  the  above  list,  the  only  strictly 
Tvith  a  *. 

The  following  species  have  been  received  from  La  Paz,  besides  those  tabu- 
lated in  Major  llich's  list,  p.  541,  in  the  C.  S.  L.  list,  p.  619,  and  the  B.  A. 
Rep.  p.  352.  It  is  clear  that  the  fauna  of  the  district  is  essentially  tropical, 
and  remarkably  free  from  Californian  species. 

Dentalimn  semipolitunu 

Turritella  punctata. 

Modulus  cerodes. 

Olivella  fulyida,  Lieut.  Trowbridge  [teste  W.  Cooper ;  but  probably  added  by 

him  accidentally  from  his  W.  Afncan  collections.     It  has  not  been  received 

from  any  other  West-coast  source], 
Siphonalia  modificata.    Dead. 

A  very  interesting  senes  of  shells  were  collected  at  Guaymas  and  Pinacati 
Bay,  by  Capt.  Stone  and  Mr.  Sloat.  The  latter  gentleman  affixed  MS.  names 
to  those  which  he  regarded  as  new.  They  were  in  remarkably  beautiful 
condition,  the  bivalves  having  an  unusually  porcellauous  aspect,  and  many 
of  the  species  presenting  local  peculiarities. 

Midinia  carinul-ata,  I)esh.,=  Mactra  modesta,  Sloat  MS. 

Doginia  pouderosa.     \  ery  large. 

Chione  jiuctifraya,  Sby.,=  T.  Cortezi,  Sloat  MS.  [=ffibbostda  (Desh.),  Rve.,= 

callona,  Sby.,  uon  Conr.l. 
Chione  auccincta,  Val.,=  Calif ornicnsis,  Brod.,=  V.  crasm,  Sloat  MS.     [^'evy 

variable  in  sculpture  ;  also,  with  the  last,  varies  greatly  in  shape,  some  o.*  the 

specimens  being  much  produced,  others  rounded.] 
Chione  ynidia,  Eiod.     Passing  into  atnathusia, 

152 


Crepidula  onyx. 

Crepidula  excavata. 

(ialerus  conicu*. 

Cerithium  slercus  muscaruui, 

Pvrazus  inc-isus  and  var. 

Iihinoclavis  geaimata. 

Cerithidea  Mazatlauiea. 

Litorina  fasciata. 

Litorina  aspera,  var, 

Oonus  '■  reticulatus  "  (Pease).     Dead. 

Conus  "  emarginatus  "  (Pease).    De»d. 

Couus  interruptus. 

Neverita  Recxuziana. 

Poiinices  bifasc-iata. 

Cancellaria  urceolata. 

Cancellaria  goniostoma. 

"  Cypryecassis    testiculus "     [perhaps 

tenuis\ 
Malea  ringens. 
Priene  nodosa. 
Oliva  subangulata. 
Oliva  poi-phyria. 
Purpura  palula. 
Purpura  biserialis, 

•Purpura  ostrina.     [Xormal,  living.] 
Vitularia  sal"brosa. 
Monoceros  lugubre,  var. 
Cerostoma  monoceros. 
Xassa  tegula. 
Siphonalia  anomala. 
Phyllonotus  nigritus. 

Californian  species  are  those  marked 


0\  MOLLrSTA  or  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XORTII   AMERICA.  637 

Cliioiie  piillcnrin,  Sby.,  vai\,=  V.  Pitiacateimg,  Sloat  MS.     Sculptiue  pretstd 

smooth  in  the  niiiidle. 
Cardinni  elatiim.  Ymf. 
Ciirdiim  proccrum.     Fine. 

■MikHiIu  cajm.v.     '■  Choros.''     Alao  Sta.  Inez  Bay. 
Mdfliola  Brasiliensis.     (Typical.) 
Ji)f-<.tonrca  Pacijica. 

Oi^'rca  coiichapliiln  et  amara,  Jfaz.  Cat.  215. 
C'hifon  (Lophynt^)  IStokenii.     Also  San  Salvador,  Capt.  Dow, 
Cdllopomajiiictuattim. 
liiroiiia  co/itorta. 
Ti  'rritcUa  pint  iontoma. 

TurriteUit  fi;/rina  (lijrht  Yur. ),=  k)icosfoma,  Val. 

Cerithiden  alhonodusu.     ( 'onminn.     [Probably  a  var.  of  Mazatlatnca.J 
Sfnniibii.s  f/raciiior.     Also  Mulejire  Bay. 
Kcreritd  JRecbiziana.     [Operc.  strong,  horny.] 
Jtanclla  friqiietra.     [Operc.  sub-Bucciiioid,  oval ;  nucleus  internal,  near  middle 

of  la  brum  :  scar  witn  few  ridges,  as  in  Purpura.^ 
OUra  angulata.     Not  rare. 
Oliva  Ciimi)i(fii,  very  callous  var. 
A'jaronia  testacea. 
Moiioceros  luyubre.     Very  tall  var. 
PhyUimotus  nigritus.     ^'ery  large,  of  form  described  by  Philippi,  with  Pholads 

in  situ.     Agiobanipo  Bay. 
Phyllonotits  bicolor.     [Operc.  thin,  without  frills  or  raised  layers  ;  of  uniform 

colour.]     Also  Angeles  Bay. 

To  these  may  be  added,  from  a  second  voj-ago  by  Capt.  Stone  to  the 
northern  part  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  and  in  equally  good  condition — 

Area  grandiii.     Agiobampo  Bay. 

Callisfa  semdamelldsa.     Agiobampo  Bay. 

jAizttiia pectuncilu»  (teste  Cuming).     St.  Luis  Bay. 

Cnrdiion  consors.     St.  Luis  Bay. 

Avicida  Peruviana.     Mulege  Bay. 

Lucina  tif/errina.     Very  fine.     San  Marcos  Island. 

3I<triiaritiphoraJimhri(da.     "  Topo." 

Jtinira  dentata  [  =  ('.rravata,  Val. J.     "  Caballito  del  mar,"  St.  Luis  Bay. 

Ihdhi  nebidosa.     "  Huevitos.'' 

G/t/phis  itirrqitalix.     St.  Luis  Bay. 

Criicibidiiin  imhricatum.     St.  Luis  Bay. 

Cyprtea  e ranfhema.     (Large.)     Cape  de  Haro. 

Myurella  varieyata.     Mul'-ge  Bay. 

Solarium  yramdatum  et  var.  quadriceps.     Agiobampo  Bay. 

Palinices  bifaticiata.     AngcLs  Bay. 

Cypreecamis  tenuis  [=  Marseiirp,  Kien.].     Cai'meu  Island. 

Hnrpa  cretMta.     Very  fine.     Mulege  Bay. 

litzoardica  abbreviata.     Mulege  Bay. 

Ficida  decussata.     Angeles  Bay. 

Pynila  patida.    A  giobainpo  Bay. 

Malea  rinyens,     Lobos  Island. 

Argonauta  hians.'   1  tine  sp.     Upper  part  of  Gulf  of  California. 

To  the  Guaymas  fauna  must  he  added,  from  Dr.  Gould's  portion  of  the 
same  collection,  "  Pirfc7i  py.vidafus"  [? =subcrenntu^,  jun.).  Also  from  the 
collection  of  the  Ciilif.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  Nassa  nodocimta,, A.  Ad.  [Galapagos, 
Cuminr/].  On  comparing  these  lists  with  the  shells  given  in  B.  A.  llcp. 
p.  352  (in  which  the  Venus  quoted  is  not  "  staminea,  Conr.,"  but  a  southern 
species),  it  will  be  seen  that  the  fauna  of  the  upper  part  of  the  Gulf,  as  fur 
north  as  it  has  been  explored,  is  essentially  troi)icaI.     The  Chione Jliutijiii</ci 

153 


CG3 


REPORT 18C3. 


and  C.  swcincia,  however,  and  the  roVnwes  UecJnz'tana  indicate  a  connexion 
with  California  which  may  have  been,  at  a  previous  age,  more  direct  than  at 
present. 

114.  (See  first  Report,  pars.  79-83.)  Acapulco  being  notorious  for  the 
exotic  species  quoted  in  its  fauna,  it  is  desirable  to  examine  all  authentic 
collections  from  that  prolific  localitj'.  The  Smithsonian  series  were  ob- 
tained by  Dr.  Newberry*  (N.),  after  his  Pacific  R.  R.  ^Explorations  {vide 
p.  593) ;  by  Mr.  Belcher  {B.)  ;  and  by  the  Rev.  J.  Rowell  {R.),  who  obtained 
them  principally  from  the  valves  of  the  large  oysters.  The  private  collec- 
tions of  Judge  Cooper,  Col.  Jewett  {J.),  "ud  other  American  naturalists  have 
also  afforded  valuable  information.  The  species  from  these  various  sources, 
which  were  also  found  by  Mr.  Xantus,  are  tabulated  with  his  Cape  St.  Lucas 
series,  anted,  pp.  619-620.  The  following  have  not  been  obtained  from  the 
iiorthera  localities  : — 


Corbula  nuciformis,  J. 

Corbula  ovulata,  and  smooth  var.,  B.,  J. 

Machaera  patula,  var.,  N.     [Surely  im- 
ported.] 

SanfTuinolaria  miniata,  J.,N.,B. 

Tellina  princeps,  B. ;  punicea,  JV.,  B. ; 
opercularis,  N. 

Etrigilla  caruaria,  pale  and  crimson  vars., 
N.,  B. 

Semele  proxima,  J. ;    pulchra,  J.,  N. ; 
venusta,  J. 

Donax  carinatus,  J.,  N. ;  rostratus,  J. ; 
transversus,  iV. 

Trigona  Hindsii,  J. 

Mactrella  carinata,  Lam. , = alata,  Spmgl., 
y.     [Perhaps  imported.] 

Dosinia  Annse,  N. 

Callista  circinata,  J. ;  semilamellosa,  X., 
B. ;  spinosissiraa,  B. 

Chione  amathusia,  jV. 

Kupellaria  foliacea,  Jt. 

Petricola  ventricosa,  B, 

Chama  corrugata,  B. 

Ciirdium  Paculeatum,  jun.,  N.  [proba- 
bly from  ballast] ;  graiiiferum,  X. 

Lucina  r'pectinata,  var.,  J.     \  More  like 
imhricatula,  W.  I. ;  perhaps  Jamaican.] 

Diplodonta  semia.spera,  B. 

felania  tellinoides,  var.,  J.    [More  like 
subijlobosa,  W.  I. ;  perhaps  Jamaican.] 

Corbicula  Pconvexa,  1  worn  valve,  X. 

Scapharca  bifrons,  X. ;  labiata,  B, 

Noetia  reversa,  J.,  B. 

Argina  brevifrons,  X. 

Axinaea    parcipicta    [  =  multicastata], 
J.,  X.;  pectenoides,  J. ;  inae(iuali8,  J, 

I^iraa  angulata,  J. 

(Xstrea  megodon  [P.Z.  S.  1845,p.  106],  JV. 

.^Vuomia  lampe,  J. 


Tomatina  infrequens,  B. 

iJentaliiim  i'hexagonum,  var.,  B. 

Fissurella  nigropunctata,  J.  ;  Pniacro- 
trema,  J. ;  alba,  jun.,  B.  (1  worn  sp.) 

Calliostoma  lima,  var.  ajqiiisculpta,  X.  j 
Leanum,  /. 

Senectus  squamigerus,  J. 

(Jalerus  couicus,  X. ;  maniillaris,  X. 

Crepidula  nivea,  B. ;  incurva,  .V. 

Turritella  Banksii,  X. ;  leucostoma,  B. 

Ampullaria  Columbitnsis,  B.  [West 
Mexico ;  locality  uncertain.] 

Truncatella  Bairdiana,  B, 

Radius  avena,  J. 

Cypraea  exantiiema,  X. 

Luponia  fimbriolata,  Beck,  X.  [Pro- 
bably imported,  and  perhaps  au  iiu- 
Jierfectlv  developed  form  of  nemijjo- 
ita,  Migh.] 

Terebra  tuberculosa,  X. 

Drillia  incrassata,  B. ;  ebumea,  n.  s., 
R.   [W. Mexico;  locality  uncertain.] 

Mangelia  subdiaphana,  J. 

Conus  interruptus,  Br.  Hf  Shy.,  B. ;  ma- 
hogani,  X. ;  puncticulatus,  X. 

Eulima  hastata,  B. 

Eulima,  like  yod,  B. 

Eulimella,  sp.  (worn),  B. 

Chemnitzia  tenuilirata,  B. 

Fasciolaria,  sp.  [size  of  tuUpa,  but  with 
row  of  knoos  and  serrated  lip],  X. 

Latirus  castaneus,  X. 

Volvarina  Pfiisca,  J.  [More  regularly 
cylindrical  than  the  W.  I.  specimens, 
broader  in  proportion  near  suture 
and  at  base,  spire  much  shorter ;  but 
locality  uncertain.] 

Oliva  Julietta,  B.  1  worn  sp.  [proba- 
bly imported] ;  Pkaleontina,  dead,  X. 


•  The  collections  of  Dr.  Newberry  passed  principBUy  into  the  hands  of  Dr.  E.  Fore- 
man,  late  of  Washington,  who  kindly  presented  a  series  to  the  Mus.  Smiths. 

*    '  154 


OM  Mnr.i.rscA  or  the  west  tovst  or  xoiiTn  America.         669 


AoTRroiiift  fpstHcea,  X. 

Itliiznilieilus  niadreporanim.     2  liviug 

sp.  on  coral,  J. 
Colinnbella  uncinata,^^ ;  hiimerosa,  n.  s., 

R. :  variaus,  var.,  iV.  [?Lnporte(l  from 

Sandw.  Is.] 


Xassa  coliaria,  X. ;  ambifrua,  Jfiw/., teste 
JlaiU.,  N.  [Probably  imported  from 
W.  I.j 

Anachis  coronata,  X. ;  Califomica,  J. 

Muriiidea  alveata,  J. 

Pbyllonotus  brassica,  X. 


The  following  8pec-ies  are  part  of  a  collection  received  at  the  Smithsnninix 
Inst,  from  lle;il  Llejos,  aul  till  up  gaps  which  existed  in  the  CeuUul  Amt-ii- 
can  fauna  at  the  time  of  the  lirst  Keport : — 

I)i-cina  Cimiinuii.  Csecum  lirat^cinctum. 


Trigona  Hindsii. 
Ht'iuicardiuiii  obov;ile. 
Crassatella  jj-ibbosa. 
Koliia  .suborbiciilaris. 
B.irbatia  nuitabilis. 
Ji'oetia  reversa. 
Axiniea  Pnmlticostata. 
Fissinella  rufro.sa. 
Phasianella  perlorata. 
Oiiiphalius  viritluhis. 
Ilipponyx  barbatus. 


Cterum  laeve. 

Cerithium  interruptiim,  var. 
Barleeia  subtenuis. 
Alicia  punctiilata. 
Terebra  strip-ata. 
Cerithidpsi:,  assimilata. 
Triforis  alteriia'.a. 
Olivella  gracili-t. 
!-'Nit:della  niillepunctata. 
Noithia  pristis. 
Pisania  sanjjuinolenta. 


The  collections  received  at  tlie  Smithsonian  Inst,  from  Panama  consist,  in  the 
main,  of  species  already  tabulated  from  that  region.  The  following,  however, 
are  new  to  that  well-searched  portion  of  the  fauna ; — 

TeUina  striata  (teste  Cuming),  Rowell,  Pease. 

TelUiia  (Aii(/t(lm)  anqilecUtus,  n.  s.,  Kowell,  Pease. 

Adiild  slyUna.  I  Califomian  species :  either  ballast  or  error  in  num- 

I'ecten  cequisulcatus,  ]\in.  (       bering:    Roivell. 

Litorina.     Small  spotted  species,  n.  s.,  teste  Cuming,  but  appears  identical 

with  the  W.  Indian  :  prouably  imported :  Rowell. 
yiuminicnla,  sp.,  Kowell. 
Dril/iu  aJbulaqmata ,  n.  s.,  Rowell. 
Xatica  catetuita,  Rowell. 
Cuma  costata,  Rowell. 

115.  The  Pulraonates  of  the  Pacific  slope  h^ve  not  formed  a  special  study 
■with  the  writer  of  this  Rejiort,  as  thej'  were  already  in  the  abler  hands  of 
Messrs.  Binney,  Bland,  and  other  eminent  Ti  ansatlantic  naturalists.  The 
opinions  of  Mr.  Binney  as  to  syni  lymy,  &c.,  with  descriptions  of  new 
species  and  details  of  those  previously  known,  were  given  in  papers  pub- 
lished in  the '  Proc.  Ac.  Xat.  Sc.  Phil.'  as  follows: — "  Descriptions  of  American 
Land  Shells,"  Feb.  1857  ;  "  Xotes  on  American  Land  Shells,"  Oct.  l^oT, 
May  1858,  Nov.  185S,  July  Is.jO  :  and  also  in  the  '  Proc.  Bost.  N.  H.  S.,' 
*'  Description  of  two  supposed  new  species  of  American  Land  Shells,"  Apr. 
1857.  These  are  embodied  in  '  The  Terrestrial  Air-Breathing  Molluscs  of  the 
United  States  and  the  adjacent  Territories  of  North  America,'  vol.  iv.,  by 
W.  G.  Binney,  Boston,  1851).  It  was  lirst  printed  in  the  'Boston  Jouiiial 
of  Natural  History,'  vol.  vii.,  and  is  intended  as  a  Supplement  to  the  great 
treatise  by  his  father,  vols,  i.-  iii.,  on  the  same  subject.  It  is  impossible  to 
speak  in  too  high  terms  of  commendation  of  the  manner  in  which  this  work 
has  been  prepared  and  executed,  and  of  the  beautiful  figures  drawn  by  Otro 
I  Kohler.  The  more  matured  views  of  the  author  were  embodied  in  th", 
'  Check-List  of  the  Terrestrial  Gasteropoda  of  North  America,'  published  by 
the  Smithsonian  Inst..  June  1860,  of  which  a  second  edition  was  soon  issucu. 
The  species  were  divided  iuto  three  series, — (1)  those  of  the  Pacilic  coa&t, 

155 


670  REPORT— 18G3. 

irom  the  extreme  north  to  Mazatlan  ;  (2)  those  of  enstern  X.  A.,  from  the 
boreal  regions  to  the  Rio  Grande  ;  (3)  those  found  in  Mexico,  to  whitli  sixteen 
from  the  first  series  are  added.  The  freshwater  Pulnionates  are  tatalupiud 
hy  the  same  most  industrious  author,  in  the  '  Check-Lis*.  of  the  Fluviiitilo 
Gasteropoda  of  X.  America,'  which  contains  the  Melanhuhp,  Paho/initliv, 
AmpuJhiriarlo;,  Vahatkh^.  and  LhnnmdcK  ;  the  West  Coast  species  beinj?  dis- 
tinguished by  the  letter  W.  and  the  Mexican  by  U.  Mr.  Binney  next  under- 
took a  monograph  of  the  rahidinldtr,  &c.,  the  proofs  of  which  were  widely 
distributed  in  1802.  Afterwards,  assisted  by  the  extensive  series  of  speci- 
mens received  from  the  Smithsonian  Museum,  and  with  access  to  those  of 
the  principal  public  and  private  collections  in  the  U.  S.,  and  with  the  benefit 
of  Say's  types  preserved  in  the  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  he  prepared  a  preliminary 
synopsis  of  the  LimmeuJo',  with  full  synonymy,  proofs  of  which  were  issued  by 
the  Smithsonian  Inst.,  May  4th,  lS(i3.  Last  of  all,  under  date  Dec.  9,  1863, 
the  Smithsonian  Inst,  has  distributed  proof  copies  of  a  complete  '  Synopsis 
of  the  Sjiecies  of  Air-Breathing  Molluscs  of  N.  A.,  as  eliminated  from  their 
synonyms  by  Mr.  Binney'*.  Of  all  these  works  the  author  not  only  sent  the 
earliest  slip-proofs  to  assist  in  ti.e  preparation  of  this  Report,  but  in  several 
instances  took  the  pains  to  write  separately  what  related  to  the  W.  coast, 
and  even  sent  the  manifold -duplicate  of  part  of  the  printer's  copy.  It  is  not 
considered  necessary  to  tabulate  each  of  these  publications  separately,  as 
they  can  easily  be  obtained  by  post,  on  application  to  Professor  Henry, 
Washington,  D.C.  The  following  list  embodies — (1)  the  classification  and 
nomenclature  of  Dec.  9th,  1863;  (2)  the  synonymy  as  given  in  prenous 
synopses  ;  and  (3)  the  localities  and  authorities  supplied  by  Mr.  Binney  in 
MS.  The  following  reservation  requires  attention  : — "  As  a  mere  proof, 
•which  will  undou])tedly  receive  many  corrections,  this  list  should  not  bo 
quoted  as  authority,  or  referred-to  as  a  published  work." 

Mr.  Binney^s  Arrangement  of  the  West  Coast  Pnlmonates. 
t  The  species  thus  marked  have  not  been  seen  by  Mr.  Binney. 

PHANEROPNEUMOXA. 

EcTorHTHALMA.     (Xone  known  in  the  region.) 

Opistiiophtealma.     Fam.  TmncateUidte. 

1.   TruncateJln  Californtca,Vt.,+  T.  ffracilenta,Gld.     S.  Biego,  Cooper.     [Comp. 
Maz.  Cat.  no.  423.] 

PULMONATA. 
Geophila.     §  1.  Vermivora.     Fam.  Oleacimdtp. 
t2.  Glnndma  {Glandina)  turris,  F(r.  (=  Achatim=  Oleacina,  Pfr.)     W.  Mexico. 
Maz.  Cat.  no.  231. 
3.  Glandina  '  Glandina)  Alhersi,  Pfr.  {r=Achatina,  Pfr.).,-|-G.  Albeisi,yax.  ttirrtta, 
Cpr.     W.  Mexico.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  230. 

•  The  first  Transatlantic  attempt  to  revise  the  genera  of  N,  A.  Helicida  was  made  by 
Mr.  Bland,  in  his  "  Remarks  on  Classifications  of  N.  A.  Helices  by  European  autliors, 
and  especially  H.  and  A.  Adams  and  Albers,"  printed  in  the  '  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of 
>'at.  Hist.  N.  York,'  Oct.  1863.  In  an  addendum,  he  gives  a  list  of  the  Pacific  species, 
with  an  account  of  two  "genera"  not  represented  in  the  eastern  division.  Mr.  Binney, 
continuing  Mr.  Bland's  labours,  issues  the  species  for  the  most  part  in  the  trinoinial 
nomenclature,  which  now  appears  to  be  taking  the  place  of  the  Linnean  binomial  system. 
No  attempt  is  here  made  to  review  the  work,  as  the  writer  felt  justified  in  doing  with 
reference  to  marine  shells ;  the  only  alterations  made  consistmg  of  corrections  m  some  of 
the  ciUtions  with  which  he  happened  to  be  more  faiuihar. 

Id6 


ON  MOLLVSCA  OF  THE  VfLZT  CO    ST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  C7l 

§  2.  PhyUovora.    Fam.  Ilelicidm. 
Sulifam.  Vitrinince. 
t4.  Vitrinn  Tfiifferi,  Newc.     Carson  Val'.py,  Cal.,  Xeii'comb. 
6.   Biinu't/a  tintdhili:*,  Cp.     Catalina  Island,  Cal.,  Cooper. 

6.  Miicroci/rh's  yivhi'rryaim,  liin.     S.  J)ieii:o,  comiuon,  Xeirheriy. 

7.  .\Ittir(H'i/(li'<  I'anriiiiverensi.i,  liea,  Heli.v  V.,  Loa,  Tro^rli.,  Pt'r.,  CiW.,  Tlvp.,=» 

y/.  velliaita,  Fbs.,  Hve.,  Pfr.,  +  i/.  coiicarn,  Biiin.  Vani  ouvER  To  Cali- 
fornia:— Columbia  11.,  XiittaV,  U.S.  E.E.;  I'litrft  Sound,  V.  S.  E.  E.; 
Vaneoiivt^r,  li.  N.  P.  B.  S. :  Oregon  City,  yewberry ;  California,  Trmcbiidge ; 
St.  Joseph's  K.,  2nd  Camp. 
•  76.  Mficroci/rli's  [i-'var.l  i>po/ielia* ,  Gld.  Pror.T  Sn.  TO  S.  Diego  : — Piij^et  Sd., 
U.  S.  E.  E. ;  FortXlmpqua,  Orejrou  ;  S.  Dit'jro,  Ires,  yetrhei-n/  ;  S.  Francisco, 
Mus.  Cal.  Ac. ;  Contra  Costa  Co.,  Thomson.    "  Animal  solitary." 

SuLfam.  IleUcina.       * 

8.  Heliv  (Patula)  strigom,  Old.    Interior  Ba.sin;  X.  Mexico  to  P>niT.  Av. ; 

— Int.  of  Orejron,  U.  S.  E.  E.\  Caiion  Largo,  Rio  I'edro,  N.  M.,  yewberry, 
n.  Helix  (Patula)  (Vw)/xa,  Bin.     California. 

10.  He  it  {Patula)  Mazutlaniia,  Pfr.     Mazatlan. 

11.  Heliv  (Polygyra)  acutedentata,  lim.,-\- H.  iaj.?a,  Bin.     Guaymas.     Mazatlan, 

G  jubfl. 

12.  Helir  (  Polygyra)  ventrosula,  Pfir.     [No  locality  given :   not  "  W."  in  Check- 

Lists.] 

13.  Helix  {Polygyra)  poJygyrella,  Bland.     "  W."  [teste  Check-List,  not  in  MS.] 

14.  Hflix  {Stmotreina)  t/crniatui,  Gld.     Ore<ron,  U.  S.  /•,'.  E. 

15.  Helix  {Triiidojjis)  Slullani,  Bland.  Washington  Territory  and  Oregon: 

— St.  Joseph's  River,  1st  Camp. 

16.  Helix  {Triodopsis)  Lricata,  Gld.,  Pfr.,  =  yf.  Lecontei,  Lea.    Sacramento  River, 

U.  S.  E.E. 

17.  Helix  {Mesodon)  Columbiana,  Lea.  Trosch.,  Rve.,  Pfr.,-|-Zr.  luhiom,VAA.,  Pfr. 

Vancouver  to  Oregon  : — Ft.  Vancouver,  Xuttall :  Ft.  George,  U.S.E.E.; 
Nootka  Sound,  Hinds  ;   Astoria,  Drayton  :  Orejron  (^ity,  Xt-tcherry. 

18.  Helix  {Mesodon)  devia,  Gld.,  Pfr.,  =H.  Busker cilki,  Pfr.," Rve.    Puget  Sound, 

U.  S.  E.  E. ;  Oregon. 

19.  Heliv  {Aylaia)  Jidelis,  Gray,  Miill.,  Rve.,  Pfr.,=  H.  Kuttallic nn,  Rve.,  Trnsrh., 

Gld.  VANCt)rvER  to  Ouegon  : — Puget  Sound,Colunibia  River,  U.  S.  E.  E.; 
Esquimault  Harb.,  Lord;  Umpqua  Valley,  Or.,  and  Sar  Francisco,  yew- 
berry; Be  Fuca,  Gibbs  ;  Oregon  City,  Sfiuniard;  Ft.  Steilacoom,  Utickley. 

20.  Helix  {Aglaia)  infumatu,  Gld.     San  Francisco,  Bigelmc. 

21.  Helix  {Arianta)  anosa,  (^Id.,  =H.  aruyinosa,  Gld.  (nom.  preoc).     Oregon, 

California  : — San  Francisco,  Biytlow,  Satmuls;  I'etaluma  and  Columbia 
River,  yewberry. 

22.  Helix  {Arianta)    Townsendiana,  Lea,  Trosch.,  Rve.,  Pfr.,  CtiXA.,-^- H.  pedestrii 

-\-nnda,  Gld.  Oregon  and  California: — Wahlamat  River,  yuttall, 
Tmcnsend,  U.  S.  E.  E.';  Nisqually,  Dyes.;  Puget  Sound,  K<nncrlet/. 

23.  Helix  {Arianta)  tudicidata,  Bin      Washington  Territory  to  California: 

— San  Diego,  yeicberry. 

24.  Helix  {Arianta)  yicklimana,Jjea,,  =  H.  Calif  or  nien  sis,  Rve.,  Pfr.  (non  Lea), 

=//.  arboretoruni+nemorivaffa,  Val. — Var.  =//.  annehorefn,Timn.  "Widely 
distributed,  but  solitary,"  Thompson.  California  : — Sacramento  River, 
U.  S.  E.  E.  ;  San  Francisco,  Bigeloic ;  Tomales,  yetcberry. 

25.  Helix   {Arianta)   redimita,  Binn.  (jun.),^2f.  Nickliniana,  var.  Binn.  (sen.). 

California. 

*  In  the  Check-Lict  of  Dec.  9th,  sportella  does  not  appear.  It  is  generally  treated  by 
Mr.  Binney  as  a  small  variety  of  Vancouverentis,  with  stronger  radiatitig  and  spiral  lines  ; 
bnt  in  the  MSS.  sent  for  pubUcation  in  this  Report  it  takes  rank  as  a  species.  Mr.  Bland 
considers  the  two  identical;  yet  in  Add.  Gen.  the  form  is  thus  divided: — "  I  her  us  {Cant' 
pi/leea)  sportella,  in  fam.  HelicidcB,"  and  "  Discus  Vancouveretms,  in  fam.  Stenopirifs." 
In  Albers  it  is  divided  as  " Macrocyclit  nellicata,"  "  M.  rancoucerensis"  and '^  Meli» 
(Patula)  sjaortella" 


€72  REPORT— 18C3. 

26.  Jleh'.r   (Arianta)  intercita,  Binn.  (jun.),=  ff.  yicldintana,  var.  Binn.  (seii.}i 

()re^(tn. 
t27.  Hdir  {Ariontd)  exarata,  Pfr.     California. 
t28.  Helir  (Arianta)  reticnUita,  I'fr.     C'alifnrnift. 
+20.  Helix  (Arianta)  ratnentosa,  Old.     Calilornia,  Xitccomh. 
t.'iO.  Helix  (Arianta)  AyresiatM,  Newc.     Northern  Oregon. 
t.'U.  Helix  (Arianta)  Uridi/esii,  Newc.     San  Pablo,  (California,  Xeweomb. 
t-52.  Helix  (Arianta)  C'd/yx'/i^m,  Newc.     Tulare  Valley,  California.    iSot  Carpeti- 

teriana,  Bland ;  Florida.] 
33.  Helix  (Arianta)  Calif  or  niensis,  Lea,  Trosch.,  Dekay  (non  auct.),=s/r.  vincta, 

Val.,  Rve.,  Pfr.   California  : — Interior  of  Cal,  C  f>.  E.  E. ;  Monterey,  Ives. 
t34.  HelLt  (Arianta)  Mormonum,  Plr.     Mormon  Is.,  California. 
35.  Helir  (Arianta)  DupttithottarsiyDnsh.,  Rve.,  Pfr., -|-  H.  0/Y(/o/(/'w.«>,  Trosch., 

Dekay,  Pfr.    Washington  Tkrritohy  to  California.    Interior  of  (.'al., 

U.  S.  E.  E. ;  Pu<rei|Sound,  Di/cs. ;   Klamath  Lake  and  Benicia,  Xetcberry; 

Tulan  Lake,  Cal. ;  Monterey,  Troubridye  ;  San  Diego,  Ives. 
t30.  Hi'lix  (Arianta)  Traskii,  Newc.     Los  Angelos,  California,  Nnccomb. 

37.  Helix  (Arianta)  Kellettii,  Fbs.,  Rve.,  Ptr.     Sta.  Barbara,  Kellett  and  Wood ; 

San  Diego,  teste  Gould. 

38.  Helir  (Arianta)  Pandora,  Fbs.,  Rve.,  Pfr.,=ff.  damascenus,  Gld.     Sta.  Bar- 

bara, Kellett  and  Wood;  Desert  Ea.it  of  California,  Mus.  Newcomb. 

39.  Helir  (Arianta)  levis,  Pfr.,  +  var.  /3.     Columbia  River. 

40.  Helir  (Eiiparypha)  areolata,  Sby.,  Pfr.,  Phil..  live.,+vars. /3. y.     PENINSULA 

OF  Lower  California.     [Margarita  Bar,  Pease.*] 
t41.   Columna  (Hhodea)  Californica,  Pfr.     [^Achatina,  Pfr.,  Rve.] 

Subfam.  Orthalicina: 

42.  Bulimulvs  (Liostraeus  [not Leiostraca,  Add.])  Zieyleri,Vir.    Mazatlan.  i?<')y/en. 
[t43.  BuUmulm  MexicanusX,  Lam.,   Deless.,  Pfr.,   Rve.  (non  \' al.), =  Cochloyena 
vitiata.  Fer.    Mazatlan,  Peii/en.] 

44.  Bidimidus  (Mesembrinus)  pal/idior,  Shy.,=B.  reyefiis,  Gld.,  teste  Cum.,  Binn. 

San  Diego  to  Cape  St.  Lucas  : — C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantus. 

45.  Btdinndus  (Jlesevihrinus)  excekus,  Gld.   (text) ,=  B .  elatm,  Gld.  (fig.).     San 

Diego  to  Cape  St.  Lucas  : — C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantus. 

46.  Bulimulus  ( Mesembrinus)  inscendens,]l>mu.    Lower  California  : — Margarita 

Bay,  and  C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantus. 
t47.  Bulimulus  ( Thaumastus)  Calif  or  niciis,  Rve. 
t48.  Bulimulus  (?  Monntis)suJiatus,Gld.,=B.  re«»ca/M,Gld.  (nom.  preoc).    Lower 

California. 

49.  Bulimulus  (?  Jformuii)  pt'hdn,  Binn.      Lower  California: — Todos  Santoa 

Mission,  Margarita  Is.,  Xantus. 

50.  Bulimulus  (Sct<fa'us)  proteus,  Brod.     Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus. 

51.  Bulimulus  (Sctdalus)  Xantusi,  Binn.     Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus. 

52.  Bulimubis  (Peronceus  [non  Peroncea,  Polij)  artemisia,  Binn.      Cape  St.  Lucas, 

Xantus. 

53.  Orthalicus  (Orthxilieus)  zebra, 'SlvW.,  Pfr.     Mazatlan,  2?cj<7e».  "i  Also  Eastern 
536.  Orthalicus  (Orthalicus)  wulatus,  Fi&i.,  Ftr.  ^     "Mazatlan."     j      slope. 

Subfam.  Pupitue, 

t54.  Pupa  (Pupilla)  BotceUii,  Newc.     San  Francisco,  Powell. 
t55.  P^ipa  (Pupilla)  Californica,  Row.     San  Francisco,  RoweU. 
56.  Pupa  (LeucochUa)  chordata,  Pfr.     Cinaloa,  Mexico. 

*  See  also  Dr.  Newcomb's  new  species,  tabulated  in  pp.  609,  6-33. 

X  Included  among  the  doubtful  species  by  Mr.  Binney  ;  but  the  shell  so  named  in  the 
Maz.  Cat.,  no.  234  (perhaps  erroneously),  was  certainly  found  on  opening  the  Mazatlan 
boxes  by  Mr.  Archer. 

§  Mr.  Binney  follows  Pfr.,  in  his  later  works,  in  separating  these  ?  varieties.  The  sheila 
in  the  Beigen  Collection  were  clearly  conspecific.     Vide  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  232. 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  673 

SuLfam.  Succinitue. 

t57.  Sueeitua*  (Stieeinea)  Hawkinsi,  Baird.     British  Columbia,  Lord. 
t->*<.  Stwcinea  (Siwcinea)  cinyuhta,  F'os.     Mazatlan,  KAlett  and  Woud. 
51).  Succinea  (Succinea)  rusficana,  (Hi.      Ohkoon  and  Califohnia  : — Oregon, 

(7.  S.  E.  E.;  Ocogo  Creek,  California,  William.v>n. 
(K).  Suecinea  (Succinea)  Nttttalliana,  Lea.  "  Scarcely  ditiera  from  S.ovnlis,  Hudson 
River,"  Gld.  Oregon  and  California  : — Lewis's  River,  Or.,  Nuttall ;  In- 
terior of  Ore^.,  U.  S.  E.  E.;  Wrij?ht'8  Lake,  Ilhell's  Lake,  Cal.,  Xeicbern/. 
Qi,  Succinea  (Succinea)  Oreffoneiisui,  hea.  "lip9enMeaS.aHrea,"(ild.  Oukgon 
AND  California  : — Oregon,  Nuttall.    San  Francisco,  Rou:eU. 

Subfam.  Limacina. 
C2.  Limax  X  (Amalia)  Colnmbiamis, Gld.    Piokt  SorxD  to  San  Francisco  : — 
I'liget  Sound,  f/.  S.  E.  E.,  Dyes ;   Oregon  City  and  Cape  Flatten,-,  Wil- 
Uamaon ;  San  Francisco  and  Port  0.xford,  Trowbi-idye ;  Nisqually,  Case. 

Fam.  Arionidte. 
Subfam.  ArionintP. 

63.  Arion  (Lochea)  foliolatus,  Gld.    Puget  Sound,  U.  S.  E.  E.,  Pickering. 

Subfam.  Zmitiixp. 

64.  Zonites  §  (uE(jopis)  culteUata,  Thoms.   "  Closely  resembles  the  Dalmatian  H. 

albanica  and  acies."     Contra  Costa  Co.,  Cal.,  common,  Thomson. 

Fam.  Onchidiada. 

65.  Onchidium  Carpentcri,  Binn.    Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus. 

Limnophila.    Fam.  Auriculid<e. 
Subfam.  Melampina. 

66.  Melampvs  ohvaceia,  Cpr.     San  Dieqo  to  Mazatlan  : — ^fazatlan,  Betgen  ; 

San  Diprro,  Blake,  Cooper. 

67.  Pedipex  lirata,  Binn.    Lower  California  : — C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantus ;  San  Diego, 

Cooper. 

Fam.  Limn(pid<e. 

Subfam.  Limnennce. 

68.  Limn(pa  (Limntea)  stagnalis,  hmn.,  +  L.  jugularis,  Sav,  Hala  ,  De  Kay,  Kiist., 

Binn.  (lstlist),4-i.  rt/)/>res«a,  Say,  IIald.,De  Kay,  Kuat.,  C.  B.  Ad..  +  -£.  »}>e- 
ciosa,  Ziegl.  Europe,  Asia,  America  : — RhettLake,  California,  Newberry ; 
Ruby  Valley  and  S.  Utah,  Captain  Sitnpson.  Fort  Simpson  and  Hudson's 
Bay,  common;  throuirhout  British  America  and  northern  tier  of  U.  S., 
from  Vermont  to  Pacific,  teste  Binn.  [Var.=/r.  frayilis,  Linn.,  teste 
Hani.,  Ips.  Linn.  Conch,  p.  .385 ;  non  Rve.,  Binn.  (1st  list)/) 

6n.  Limneea  (LinvuBa)  lejiida,  CJld.     Lake  Vancouver,  U.  S.  E.  E. 

70.  LimncBa  (Limnojihysa)  rtfli'xa,  Say,  Hald.,  De  Kav,  Kiist., +Z.  elongaia,  Say, 
Z.  umbrosa,  Say,  Hald.,  De  Kay,  Kiist., +Z.  e.nlis+L.  Haydeni,  Lea.     San 
Francisco,  Powell.     Also  throuf^h  British  America  and  northern  tier  of 
States  from  New  York  to  Pacific  ;  teste  Binn. 
+71.  Limneea  (Limnophysa)  Sumassii,  Baird  ||. 

*  So  great  is  the  difficulty  of  ascertaining  (even  approximately)  the  specific  relations  of 
Siiccinem  without  a  comparison  at  least  of  single  specimens,  that  Mr.  Binney  considers  it 
safest,  until  series  have  been  examined,  simply  to  quote  the  species  which  have  been  de- 
scribed by  other  authors.  He  has  followed  the  same  course  with  Ancylus,  and  for  the 
same  reason. 

X  "  Has  a  pore.     Why  not  Arion  ?  " — Binney,  in  MS.  hst. 

§  This  appears  among  "  doubtful  species  "  in  the  MS.,  but  is  printed  in  the  text  of 
the  Clieck-List. 

II  Probably  a  variety  of  ^a?tts/n.?=iVK?i'a//(a»a,  Lea.  British  authors  hare  ns  yet  bad 
but  poor  opportunities  of  studying  typieallv-nained  American  freshwater  Pulmonatis, 

1863.  j^'g 


C74  REPORT— 18G3. 

72.  Limntpn  ( Limnopht/^n)  paluitfn»,  Miill.  et  auct.,s=  Z.  fra//i7h  ("as  of T.inn.),  TT.i^3., 

l>f  Kav,  liinn.  (Ist  list),  Kve.  (ho(lie).  [  Non  Linn.,  teite  Hani,  in  Ijh.  Lnin. 
Conch!,  p.  .•W.")l.  +Z.  e/w/M,  8av,  Old..  C.  B.  Ad.,  Kust.,+Z.  Xnftol- 
liann,  Lea,  Kiist.,  ■'-\-L.  plebeia,  did. , -\-L.  ej-patmt.  lltM.,  Ih'  Kiiy,  l\ii.«*. 
KoRTHi.R.v  Ei'RoPK,  Asi.v  AND  Amf.hua  : — Citliimbia  I!iv»'r,  Xntfti/l; 
Pup:et  Sound,  Kennerle;/;  Klamath  I^ake  and  Summer  I^al.e,  Or;  Ith^tt 
Lake  and  Wrifrht's  Lake,  Cal.,  iVftf/wrn/ :  Cl»'ar  Lake,  Cal.,  i'*<itch  ;  San 
Francisco,  Rowell;  Monterey,  CanfieUl;  Porcupine  and  Yuckron  UivtT^,  IIiis. 
America,  Kennicott.  Also  from  Pennsylvania  westward  to  Pacific,  and  from 
thi.s  line  northwards,  wherever  searched,  even  to  interior  of  Uussian  Ame- 
rica; teste  }5inn. 

73.  Limiuea  (Limnophyaa)  proximo,  Lea.     San  Francisco,  Cooper.     Arroya  Sau 

Antonio,  Trask. 

74.  Lvnnep(i{Limnophi/m)etnm-(/inftfn,  Say,  TTald..  De  Kav,  K.ist.,^Z.  Onf<ini-nxis, 

Muhlf.,  Kiist.,+i.  serraia,  Ilald.  "Nkw  Enoland  to  Washington  Ter- 
ritory. 

75.  LimnfPti  (Limnnph/xd)  cata'copiinn,  Say.TIald.,  Old.,  Pe  Kay,  ^Irs.  GriT  Pot. 

&  Mich.,  Klist.,-!-^- /'««'/«««,  Say  (non  iJohm),  =//.  Viri/i'iiinna.  liam..  Desli., 
Deless.,  =  Z.  cornea,  \'al.,  =  L.  sericafa,  Ziefrl.  New  Exgla:»D  TO 
Lewis  Kiver,  and  throuoh  Hritish  AMEnicA  ;  teste  Binn. 

76.  Limntea  {Litnnophym)  Adelitife,  Tryon.     San  Francisco. 

77.  Limntea  { Limnopfn/sn)  Traskii,  Tryon.     Mountain  Lake.  California. 

78.  Limneea  (Limnophysa )  pallida,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Ilald.,  De  Kay.     San  Francisco, 

Jioicell;  San  Antonio  Arroya,  teste  Lea. 

79.  Limnaa  { Limnophjfsa)  bulimoides.  Lea,  Hald.,  De  Kay.     Fort  Vancouver. 

San  Francisco,  liowell.     Also  Eastern  States.     (Check-List.) 

80.  Limneea  {Limnophysa)  solida,  Lea,  Ilald.,  De  Kay,+i.  apivina,  Lea,  Kiist. 

Ore<,mn.     Al- o  Eastern  States.     (Check- List.) 

81.  Limneea  {Limnophysa)  ferruyinea,  Ilald.,  De  Kay.     Oregon. 

82.  Ponipholyx  effusa,  Lea,  Add.      I'itt  Kiver,  Neicherry;   Sacramento  River, 

teste  Lea. 

83.  P/ii/sa  (Phi/sa)  Lordi,  Baird.     British  Columbia,  Lord;  east  of  Fort  Colvillo, 

W.  T.,  Am.  K  P.  B.  Surv. 

84.  Physa  (I'liysu)  yyrina.  Say,  De  Kay,  Kiist.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Ilald. ,=  PA.  elliptica, 

Lea,  De  Kay, -|- PA.  cylindrica,  De  Kay,-(-P/).  Hi  drethiana.  Lea.  Wash- 
ington Territory,  Captain  Simpson  ;  San  Francisco,  Powell. 

85.  Physa  (Physa)   ampullacea,   Gld.,=P/i.    bullnta,  Gld.   (non   Pgt.    &    Mich.). 

Oregon,  Cooper ;      akes  Rhett  and  Upper  Klamath,  Newberry. 

86.  Physa  (Physa)  Gubbii,  Tryon.     Sta.  Aiia  Iliv.,  Angelos  Co.     Also  Mountain 

Lake,  California. 

87.  Physa  (Physa)  heterostropha,  Sav,  Gould,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Desh.,  Kiist.,  De  Kay, 

Mrs.  Gray,  Pot.  &  Mich.,  I^aton,-|-PA.  funiana,  IIaM.,-|-7V(.  eylindrica, 
Newc.j-fPA.  attrea,  Lea,  De  Kay,+Ph.  plicala,  +I'h.  ylabra,  De  Kay,  -\-Ph. 
oscidans.  Hald.  (part),-|-PA.  striata,-\- Ph.  suharata,  Mke.,-j-7^/>.  Charpentieri, 
■^Ph.  Philli/rii,  Kiist.,  -f-  Ph.  eUiptica,  -|-  Ph.  inflata,  Le&.^Pidla  crnssula, 
Dilhv.,  =:B.  fonfinalis,  Chemn.,  Schroter,=  Cochlea  neritoides,  List.  North 
America,  passim: — Chiloncynck,  A«jwm7cv ;  Hell  Gate  River,  Newberry; 
San  Francisco  and  Washington  Territory,  Cooper;  Los  Angeles,  teste  Le.i. 
Also  from  Texas  to  British  America  and  Arctic  regions,  and  from  Atlantic 
to  Pacific,  teste  Binn. 
t88.  Physa  (Physa)  costata,  Xewc.     Clear  Lake,  Cal.,  Veatch. 

89.  Physa  (Physa)  viryinea,  Gld.     San  Francisco,  Poicell. 

90.  Physa  (Physa)  humerosa,  Gld.  Rio  Colorado,  WiUamson ;  San  Diego.  P.  R.  P.  E. 

91.  Physa  (Physa)  viryata,  Gld.     San  Diego,  Webb;  Los  Angelos ;  Cal.  Ai.  M.  S. 


several  of  which  are  perhaps  but  modifications  of  circumboreal  species  which  have  been 
already  traced  to  Eastern  Asia.  Even  the  series  in  Mus.  Cum.  are  far  from  being  accurate 
or  complete.  The  inflexible  rules  of  the  British  Museum  have  not  yet  allowed  a  single 
Buecimeu  of  Dr.  Baird's  species  to  be  transmitted  to  America,  even  for  comparison. 

160 


ON"  VOT.T.rSCA  OF  mT.  WTr«!T  rOA<!T  OF  N'ORTH  AMERICA.  R75 

92.   Phi/na  (I'/it/sa)  tritin-a,  Lt-a,  I.inn.  MSS.*  Colilbrnia,  Cooper. 

\iV,.  I'htffa  (Physn)  courtlier,  I  laid.     Oieuon. 

U4.  UiiIiihik\  (Jii'litiiis>  mirantiii*.  Cpr.  IssApfexa,  auct.  :  r. Maz.  Cat.  p.  l."0",:» 
I'h.  Prniti'iiia,  Mke.    iion  D'Uib.].     Maziitian,  lieiyiH. 

Wi.  Biilunm  (  HiilinuK)  fliifiin,  (ilcl.     Mazatliin,  Ih'iijfm. 

UU.  liiiliiiii*  (Biiliniis)  hu/'iionim.  Linn.,  Ifald..  (J.  H.  Ad.,  Chfn.  et  8nft.,=  P'i. 
elonijiita,  Srv,  (ild..  !)••  Kny,^  Ph.  <'limf/fi(ina,  Lcwi.s.  NnnTHKriN  Kiitoi'i-, 
Asia,  Amkhica.  Pu^'et  Sound,  C'o'^/)«r;  common  at  junctidn  of  ^  iikmn 
and  Porcupine  Rivers,  Kuss.  Amer.,  Keimicott.  Throu^'ii  Hrit.  aud  liu»d, 
America,  aud  from  Kansas  to  Washington,  D.  C;  teste  Binn. 

Subfiim.  Planorbitup, 

97.  PlannrMs  (PInnorbis)  subrrnxUm^,  Upr.     Oregron,  Xuttall.    [PPuget  Sound, 

Keiniertei/.  1 

98.  Ptaiinrfns  (Planorbi*)  tiimeiht,  Cpr..  =  7'.  tenaffopht'la,  Mkp.  (non  I)'r)rb.),=  P, 

ajluis,  Cpr.  [Cat.  Prov.,  non  C.  B.  Ad.l  Mazatlau,  Melcherg,  Iteiyeu.  tian 
Francisco,  Cooper ;  Petaluina,  teste  Gld. 

99.  Ilnnnrhi.s  (  Pldtiorbis)  vermicxluris,  (jld. 

100.  Piaititihi-s  (Ilelisoina)  amjuonj lid.,  =z P.   Traskfi,  Lea.    Klamath  Lake,  Or. 

and  lihett  Lake.  Cal.,  .AV«-6'';v_v.     Oconro  Creek,  Cal.,  IVilUamson :   Korn 

Lak>',  Cal.,  Cooper;  Monterey  Co.,  Trask ;    Lagoons,  Sacramento  Valley, 

teste  Ijea. 
lOL  Plaiiorbis  (JMisoynn)  corpuhiifiiit.  Say,  Ilald.,  De  Kay,  ftld.,  Clienn,  =P.  tri- 

vn/m  (par.*),  I'.  Ji.  Ad.      Columliia  liiver,  abundant,    U.  S.  E.  E.     Also 

Eastera  States. 

102.  P/anorbis  (JMuoma)  trivo/rh.  Say,  De  Kay,  Cild.,  Hald.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Kii.«t..  Pot. 

&  Mich.,  EiiUm  =  liiil/ajliniatili.s,  Say, -{-PI.  regularis,heA,-{-  PL  infiiasii.tiia 
-^Phy^n phiinrbula,  1)"  Kay,-)-/*/.  macrogtonin.i-\- PL  corpii/eiifi/.<t.W'h\lt-it\e^, 
-\-  PL  lentut,  (jld. ,+  /*/.  tricolcis,  \as.  falla.v,  Hald.,=  Coc-hlmt  rii'm-orb.'r.m^ 
I.iister,  Petiver.  Pufret  Sd.,  Campbell;  Wrij^ht's  Lake,  Cal.,  Neirberry  :  i-'t. 
Vancouver,  Cooper];  San  Francisco,  Powell:  S.  Dieofo  ;  Mus.  Sniith.«. ;  Ilora 
1/ake,  teste  Lea.     Probably  extends  over  whole  continent,  teste  Binn. 

103.  PliimtrbU  {Menetiis)  o/ierciilaris,  (Tld.,=  P.  planulatus,  Coop.   S.  Francisco, f/^  S. 

Expl.  Erp. ;  Whidbv's  Is.,  Cal.,  Cooper. 

104.  Carinife.rW  Xewl>erryi,LeB..    Klamath  Lake  and  Canoe  Creek,  CaL,iN<M:ierry; 

Clear  Lake,  Cal.,  Veatvh. 

Subfam.  Ancylinte. 

10.5.  Ancyliis  Kewberryi,  I^ea.     Klamath  Lake.  Kewberry. 
tlOG.  ^«cy/M?  «-rt**fW,"lIald.     "W."     [Check-Liat.] 

107.  Ancy' 

108.  Ancj, 

Mus.  Smith. 
flOO.  Ancylm  Kootaniemui,  Baird.     Brit  Columbia,  Lord. 

110.  Ancylm  frniiilis,  Trvou.     "  W-"'     [Check-List.] 

111.  Acnilo.vifi  XiMulli,  llald.  [  VellHia  N.,  Binn.  in  list.  May  4th.]  Oregon,  Xidt, 

112.  GunfUachia  Californica,  Rowell. 

*  So  in  first  printed  list  and  in  two  MSS.  ;  but  in  Check-List  of  Dec.  9,  Ph.  Troos- 
iiann.  Lea,  is  assigned  to  the  West,  instead  of  this  species.  The  MSS.  nr  ■  probably 
correct. 

X  Xon  Bttlinus,  Sby.,  of!m,=  Bulimus,  auct.  However  clearly  Bulinui,  Binn.,  may  be 
right  according  to  tlie  antiquaries,  it  is  far  too  like  Bulimu-i,  which  has  taken  coinpl'te 
possession  of  the  entire  malacological  world,  to  be  allowed  a  resurrection  in  the  same 
order.  Surely  burial  for  a  given  number  of  years  ought  to  be  allowed  as  evidence  of 
death,  especially  if  the  infant-nume  scarcely  even  breathed  the  air  of  use,  and  its  resur- 
rection would  breed  malaria  among  terms  thriving  in  the  vigorous  manhood  of  uaivei-sal 
acceptance. 

§  It  is  quite  possible  that  this  may  prove  a  very  finely  grown  specimen  of  P.  len'tu.  Dr. 
Kennerley's  shells  are  intcrmediflte. 

H  Thus  in  Check-Li«t,  Dec.  9th.  In  that  of  Maj  4th,  it  appeal's  as  Planorbis  y.;  in  the 
Ms.  list  «&  Carinijtua, 

11  -  1«^ 


cylu^  caurinus,  Coop.     California,  Coo/)er. 

cybts  pntflloides,  Lea.    S.  Francisco,  Cooper ;  Arroya,  San  Antonio,  Ct.1., 


676  REPORT— 18G3. 

Suborder  Tualassopuila. 
Fam.  Siphonariadce. 

tll3.  SipJionaria  Ucanium,  Vh'il. :  [\sur.=  S.  maura,  Sby       Var. /w/wa/a,  Cpr.,  U 

fossibly  distinct.      Mazatlan,  £.  £.  Philippi,  Jieiyen ;    Acapulco,  Jeicttt ; 
'ape  1st.  Lucas,  Xantns.l 
tll4.  Siplwnaria  aquilirata,  Cpr.,[=  S.  (pqriilorata,  Rve.     Mazatlan,  Jieiyen;  C.  S> 

Lucas,  Xuntm ;  Marfrarita  Bay,  very  tine,  teste  Fea8e.'\ 
1115.  ^Hiphonaria  thersites,  Cpr,     Neeah  Bay,  8ican.'\ 

Doubtful,  spurious,  and  extralimital  species : — 

Helic  as/term,  Miill.     "  Sta.  Barbara,"  Kellett  and  Wood.     [Impovted.] 

Heliv  arbustonim,  Linn. 

lleliv  ISaqraiatia,  D'Orb.     [Certainly  Cuban.] 

Jlelur  "  Sa}idie(/oemis,  Lea.^'    Gld.,  P.  11.  R.,  toL  V.  p.  331,     "  No  such  sp.  ia- 

scribed,"  teste  Binney. 
Helix  i)erei/rina,  Boso. 
liidimus  Iluviboldti,  Rve.     ?"  Mazatlan," 
£idi))ius  Laurentii,  iShy,     "Sitka:"  probably  Sitcba  in  San  Salvador,  teate 

Bitmey. 
Milania  [BtditnuJi]  stnata,  Perry.     [  Vide  anted,  p.  520.] 
Si'cciiiea  aj>erta,  Lea,=  <S'.  rotvndata,  (ild.     Sandwich  Is.,  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp, 
\Physa  Maiiyerice,  Gray,  teste  Woodward,  3Ianual,  p.  171 ;  but  probably  equt- 

torial  S.  America. 
^Siphonnria  amara,  [Nutt.  Admitted  into  the  list  by  Mr.  Binney,  on  the  autho- 

ritv  of  Kve.,  as  ot  Nutt. ;  but  it  lives  on  the  Sandwich  Is. ;  teste  Pease,  Xeic- 

coinb,  U.  S.  E.  E.]. 

116.  The  Smithsonian  Institution  has  lately  issued  a  "  Descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  the  species  of  Amnirola,  Viiipara,  Bifhi/nia,  VaJvatc,  and  Ampiil- 
laria"  by  Mr.  W.  (t.  Binney.  It  is  abundantly  illustrated  with  ouiline- 
froodcuto,  and  cortains  the  synonymy  corrected  from  all  the  accessible  types. 
Dr.  Stimpson  is  at  present  engaged  in  dissecting  the  molluscs ;  but  none  of 
his  investigations  have  yet  been  published.  The  following  is  a  resume  of  the 
West  Coast  species,  from  a  proof  kindly  furnished  by  the  author. 

Page.  Fig. 
4.  Amnicola  hnyinqtia,  Gld.,  Bost.  Proc.  v.  130.     Colorado  Desert,  Bhtle. 

6.       6.  .4»/«jV((/fl;)ro/ea,(Tld.,  Bost.  Proc.  v.  129.     Colorado  Desert, B/<ike,  Jl'ibb. 

12.  45.  Vivipara,ljiim.,=  P<diidina,Ijam.  [This  genus,  so  fine  and  plentiful  east 
of  the  Rockv  Mountains,  does  not  appear  on  the  west.] 

44.  „  PahuUna  NtdtuUiatut,  Lea,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  vi.  p.  101,  pi.  23.  f.  1C9, 
[In  text.  In  later  manuscript  list,  this  name  appears  as  a  synonym  of] 
FluminicoJa  (Stimps.,  MS.)  XuttaUii,  lje&,  =  Amnicola  Nuttalliaua.  Cp., 
Minn. Rep.  p.  374,  =  Lept  xis  Nidtallii,  Ilald.,  —  Anadosiis  XuttaUii,  Rve. 
?-\-Paludina  seniiiinlis,  lids.  (p.  4(5,  f.  81 ).  [?+P.  Hindmi,  Baird.]  Cc- 
lumbia  River,  Xvttall,  Cooper ;  Upper  des  Chutes  Riv.  and  Klamath 
Lake,  Or.,  A>Mfteny ;  Roques  R.,  Or. ;  Sacramento  I*.,  Hinds;  Brit. 
Columbia,  Lord;  Canoe  Creek  and  Pitt  River,  Cal.,  Xewberry. 

46,  80.  Bilhinia  uuclea.  Lea,  =  Paliidiiia  n.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  vi.  p.  91,  pi.  23. 
f.  103  [in  text.  In  later  MS.  list,  appears  as  synonym  of]  Flmmnicola 
iiVr««,  Lea  (Pahidina  v.,  Lea;  Lepfoxis  v.,\\e\A.),-\- Paludina  M«^c/ea,Lea. 
"^'ahlamat  River,  Oregon,  Xidtall  [WiUamette,  MS.  list]. 

The  following  are  added  by  Mr,  Binney  in  his  later  MS.  list : — 

Vuhata  vi} ens,  Trion.  Clear  Lake,  Calif.  [The  Smithsonian  duplicates  have 
been  unfortunatelv  distributed  under  the  name  "  F.sj«c«-«,  Say."  which  had 
been  previously  given  to  the  specimens,  and  under  which  thej"  are  quoted  in 
the  Check-Li&t  af  1800,  no.  450,    According  to  Mr,  B,,  V.  aincera  is  "  Uk» 

162 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  677 

ecarinate  forms  of  J',  fricarhiata,  Say,"  to  which  the  Clear  Lake  specimena 

bfftr  but  elijiht  resemblance,] 
Fomatiopsis  Binntyi,  Tryon. 
Flutninicola  fuaca,  Ilald.  {Leptoxis  f.).     Shores  of  Lake  Utah,  Capt.  Burton. 

117.  Of  the  West  Coast  species  of  Melaniadae  we  are  unable  to  offer  any 
list  embracing  the  sj-nonymy,  as  the  materials  are  at  present  in  the  hands  of 
Mr.  Tryon  for  elimination,  and  his  labours  are  not  yet  sufficiently  advanced 
to  furnish  a  report.  His  Manual  of  the  North  American  Melaniadae  will  be 
publijslied  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  The  animals  of  many  species  have 
already  been  dissected  by  Dr.  Stimpson  *.  It  is  unfortunate  that  in  the  two 
most  important  branches  of  North  American  freshwater  molluscs,  the  Ik[e- 
laniadcC  and  the  Unionida;,  there  exists  a  radical  difference  of  opinion  between 
the  leading  writers,  which  has  sometimes  assumed  the  appearance  of  per- 
sonal animosity.  Malacologists  east  of  the  Atlantic,  unwilling  to  become 
partisans  when  the  leading  nomenclators  of  the  rival  schools  are  equally 
honoured,  have  to  a  great  extent  declined  to  pay  attention  to  the  unexhausted 
riches  of  the  American  waters,  regarding  any  settlement  of  the  disputed 
points  as  hopeless.  Dr.  Isaac  Lea,  who  has  spared  no  expense  in  illustrating 
his  publications  of  the  results  of  a  life-long  study,  follows  the  restrictions 
on  the  piiority-rule  allowed  by  the  British  Association  Committee.  Other 
writers,  however,  claim  a  certainty  in  identifying  the  supposed  species  of 
llafinesque  and  other  similarly  inaccurate  authors,  which  would  be  considered 
by  most  English  naturalists  as  not  warranted  by  the  few  loose  words  of  de- 
scription given.  It  would  be  well  if  the  student  were  pennitted  to  start  from 
the  first  carefully  ascertained  landmark,  rather  than  from  the  defaced  tracks 
of  the  first  hunter. 

In  the  Check-List  of  North- American  Flu\-iatile  G.  steropcds,  published  by 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  June  1860,  which  contains  th*>  names  of  405 
(supposed)  species  oi Mtlania,  Lit/utsia,  Gyrotoma,Lejjtoxis,  and  Jo,  Mr.Binney 
assigns  the  following  eleven  to  the  West  Coast.  None  of  them  are  accredited 
to  the  eastern  division. 


4.3.  Mehnia  hdhosa,  Gld. 
104.  Melanin  exigva,  Conr. 
1(K>.  Melania  Menkeana,  Lesu 
174.  Melania  Newbern/i,  Lea. 
177.  Melania  nigrina,  Lea.  Clear  Creek, 

Shasta  Co. 
211.  Melania  plicifera,  Lea. 


242.  Melania  Shasta'ensis,  Lea,     Shasta 

and  Scott  Rivers, 

243.  Melania  silicula,  Gld.    [  =  M.  plici- 

fera, small  var.,  teste  Lea.] 
29G.  Melania  Wahlamatensis,  Lea. 
207.  Melania  Warderiana,  Lea, 
300,  Melania  fusca,  liald. 


118,  Dr.  Lea's  Check-List  of  the  UnionidTe  (J'lne  1860),  after  eliminating 
synonjTns,  assigns  to  America,  north  of  Mi  xico,  no  fewer  than  552  species 
of  Unio,  Margaritana,  and  Anodonta.  The  type-specimens  of  the  species 
described  by  Dr.  Gould  from  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition  were 
submitted  to  Dr.  Lea's  inspection,  and  confirmed  his  previous  opinion  that 
they  were  varieties  of  those  before  known.  The  U.  famelicus,  Gld.,  he  pro- 
nounced to  be  a  South-American  shell ;  but  it  appears,  without  note,  in  the 
Check  List,  no.  133,  probably  by  oversight.  The  only  widely  diffused  species 
is  the  long-famed  "  pearl-mussel "  of  the  Conway  and  other  British  streams. 
The  following  seven  are  accredited  to  the  Pacific  coast : — 

»  See  his  very  interesting  and  important  paper  "  On  the  structural  Cliaracters  of  the  so- 
called  Meianians  of  North  America,"  in  the  '  American  Journal  of  Science,'  vol.  xxxviii., 
July  18(i4,  pp.  41 -.%;{.  It  apix-ars  that  the  sexual  system  is  quite  distinct  from  that  of  the 
ordinary  Ctenobranchiate  Gaslcro^joda,  and  approaches  the  C'yclobranchiates, 

163 


678  REPouT— 18G3. 


464.  yinrtj(ir)t(iiia  maryariliferu,  Lea. 

[Liiiii.  j 
494.  Anmloida  ani/tilata,  Lea. 


409.  Anodonfa  Cnh'fimn'rmi-i,  Leftt 
Ml.  Anodonfa  XiittalUana,  Lea. 
0.S4.  Anodonta  Orecioncnsu,  Lea. 
55L  Anodonta  WahUtmtttensis,  Lea. 


Besides  these,  'MS  species  of  Unio  and  Anodonta  are  assigned  to  Mexico 
and  Central  America  in  a  separate  list ;  but  no  distinction  is  indicated  be- 
tween the  Pacific  and  the  Atlantic  slope  of  the  mountain-ranj^e. 

119.  At  the  request  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  ilr.  Temple  Prime,  ol 
New  York,  well  known  for  his  special  devotion  to  this  department,  has  con- 
sented to  prepi  re  a  Manual  of  the  Cyrenidae  inhabiting  American  waters. 
All  the  accessibl '  materials  from  the  West  Coast  are  in  his  hands  for  exami- 
nation. The  first  part  of  his  "  Monograph  of  the  Species  of  ISjiIinrhim  of 
]S'orth  and  South  America"  is  printed  in  the  •  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sc.  Phil.'  1861, 
pjt.  4U2  et  seq.,  and  contains  quotations  of  five  species,  nns.  4,  7,  9,  10,  11, 
with  sjTionyniy,  from  Washington  Ter.,  Oregon,  and  California.  He  has 
kindly  (in  advance  of  his  intended  publications)  furnished  to  Mr.  W.  G.  Piin- 
iiey  the  following  MS.  "  Synopsis  of  the  Corbiculidte  of  the  West  Coast  of 
North  America,''  with  liberty  to  publish  in  this  Report.  It  is  here  condensed, 
with  synonyms  and  references,  in  the  nomenclature  of  the  writer. 

3Ir.  Prime's  List  of  West  North-American  Corbiculidse*  [Cyrenida?]. 

1.  Corhicidii  conve.rn,  Desh.,  V. Z. S.  1854,  p.  ?>42,=  C.  vfntricosa,  Pr.  MS.    31azatlan. 

2.  Cf/rena  radiafn.  Ilanl.,  P.  Z.  S.  1844,  p.  159.     Realejo. 

X   Cwena  soUdn,  Phil.,  Abbild.  1840,  p.  78.  pi.  15.  f.  9.     Nicaraorua :  Px'lize. 

4.   Cyrma  frimiffula,  V.  de  Busch,  P.  Z.  S.  1849,  p.  78,  pi.  2.  f.  :<,=  C.  tdtilis.  Old., 

Post.  Pr.  18-")2,  p.  4()0,  pi.  K!.  f.  5 /«"«,=  C.  Me.vicana,  pars,  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  1(35 

(=  C.  variaiis,  cat.  prov.).     Mazatlan. 
6.   Cyreiin  /«-.;/,/*«,  Desh.,  P.  Z.  S.  18.";4,  p.  20 ;   II.  Conch.  1861,  p.  .".9,  pi.  2.  f.  2. 

Calil'oniia. 

6.  Cyrena  ulivacea,  Cpr.,  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  104,=  C.  Fontainei,  Desh.,  MS.  (nou  D'Orb., 

'  B.  M.  Cat.  no.  25:?).     ^[azatlan. 

7.  Cyrena  acuta,  Pr.,  111.  Conch.  18«)2,  p.  .387,  pi.  14.  f.  1.     Centr.  America. 

8.  Cyrena  Mencann,  Sby.,Zool.  II.  1829,  p.  ."^Oi  [Maz.  Cat.,  no.  105=  ]C  larinns, 

cat.  prov.  pars.  +  C.  fragilis,  Desh.  MS.  -\-  C.  (equilateralis,  Desh.,  I'.  Z.  S. 
1854,  p.  20.     Mazatlan. 

9.  0/rr««   Californica,  Pr.,  Proc.  A.  N.  S.  Phil.  1800,  p.  270,=  C.  subquadrata, 

■  Desh..  P.'Z.  S.  1854,  p.  21  (nom.  preoc).     Cnliforma. 

10.  Cyrena  Pnnamensis,  Pr.,  Proc.  A.  N.  S.  Phil.  1800,  p.  283,  =  C.  iiijiata,  Desh., 

P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  2.3  (nom.  preoc).     Panama. 

11.  Cyrena  Recluzii,  Pr.,=  C.  cnrdiformis,  Reel.,  II.  Conch.  1853,  p.  251,  pi.  7.  f.  9 

(nom.  preoc).     Centr.  America. 

12.  Cyrena  Ctimingii,  Desh.,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  22.     Centr.  America. 

13.  Cyrena  tvmida,  Pr.,=  (?.  angiilata,  Desh.,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  22  (nom.  preoc). 

Centr.  America. 

14.  Cyrena  pnlla^tra,  Miirch,  Mai.  Bl.  1800,  p.  194.     Realejo. 

15.  Ci/rena  marifima,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Pan.  Sh.,  no.  451.     Panama. 

16.  Cyrena  mrdida,  Hani,  P.  Z.  S.  1844,  p.  159.     Central  America. 

17.  SphcBrimn  ^nrtw/ZM/^re.  Say  (Cvc/««  ^), New  Flarm.Dissem.  1829, p..356.  Mexico. 

18.  Upheerium  striatininn,  Lam.  (Cyrlas  «.),  An.  s.  Vert.  vol.  v.  p.  600,  i818,=  C.eden- 

tvla,  Say,  loc.cit.  p.  2,=  C.  mrnea  (Lata.).  C.  B.  Ad.,  Cat.,  1847,=-  T.  a/hida, 
I'r.,  Bost.  Proc.  1851,  p.  155,  -|-  C.  tennttifiata,  Pr.,  p.  156,  +  C.  uoiminala, 
Pr..  p.  1.58,+ C  inornata,Vr.,-\-C.  simpler,  Pt.,-\-C.  modesta,Vr.,Y>.\'A).  Hub. 
N.  1  ork  to  Alabama,  Connecticut  to  Illinois ;  Hell-gate  River,  W.  T. 

19.  Spheeriumdentatum,Ha.\d.{Cyclas  d.),Pioc.  A.  N.S.Vhil  1841,  p.  100.  Oregon. 

•  The  name  Corhieu'tt,  harins  been  first  given  to  a  «})eoie8.  and  being  itself  a  diminu- 
tive, is  scarcely  filled  to  displace  long-used  generic  appellaiious  iu  marling  the  t'amilj- 

164 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  C3AST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  679 

20.  Sphfrrinm  occidentale,  Pr..  Proc.  A.  N.  S.  Phil.  18fiO,  p.  •2!1.'>,  =  C.  oralii,  Pr., 

liost.  Proc.  l8o2,  p.  27(5  (noin.  pieoc.),  =  '  Sph.  ora/f/.Stn.."  \M.  (4f>n.  vol.  ii. 

f.  450.      Hub.  New  York  to  Georgia  :  Vermont  to  Wiscoii.sio  :    ILjll-gate 
liver,  W.  T. 

21.  Sphcprinm  twbile,  Gld.  (Cuclas  n.),  Boat.  Proc.  1855,  p.  229  TOtia,  p.  2181.    San 

Pedro,  Webb.  r  .  r         . 

22.  Sp/uerinm  patella,  Gld.  (Ci/clasp.),  Bost.  Proc.  1850,  p.  292  [Otia,  p  80:  E.  E. 

Moll.  f.  527,  tvpe  not  returned  to  S.  I.]     Orejron. 

23.  SplifPrixm  Spokan't,  Baird  [P.  Z.  S.  1803,  p.  GO,  f.  12.  13 :  anfea,  p.  fiOo\    B.  Co\ 

24.  ^phceriiim  tttmidinn,  Baird  [P.  Z.  S.  1803.  p.  (59,  f.  11  :   antfit,  p.  005  \'     B.  Col. 

25.  Sphferiinn  meridionale,  Pr.,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  S.  I'hil.  1801,  p.  414.     I'aiiania  :  Mud. 

I'rime. 
20.  Sphariinn  Itnticula,  Gld.  (Liicina  *  I.),  Bost.  Proc.  1850,  p.  250.     California. 

27.  Sp/ufriinn  subtransversum,  Pr.,  P.  Z.  S.  18()0,  p.  322.     Mexico. 

28.  Pmdinm  abditum,  llald.  [?ubi]=  ('yc/rtx  miim;  C.  B.  Ad.  Bo<t.Proc.  1841.  p  48, 

=  P.  obscurum,  Pr.,  Bo.st.  Proc.'lSol,  p.  101. +  P.  Kurfzii,  Pr.,  p,  lti2.  -t-P. 
zonatum,  Pr.,p.  102,  + P.  regulare,  Pr.,  Bost.  II.  vi.  .303,  pi.  12.  f.  11-13.  1>!52, 
+  P.  nofatum,  Pr.,  Bost.  II.  vi.  305,  pi.  12.  f.  20-22,  1852,  + P  nmnhr.n  +  P 
resartum,  Injralls,  MS.,+  P.  rttbrum+P-  plenum,  Lewis,  MS.,  +P.  retmiim, 
Pr.,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  322. 

29.  Piiidiiim  occidentale,  Newc.  [Proc  Cal.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  1801,  p.  94\     San  Fran- 

cisco, Powell. 

120.  Of  the  tertiary  fossils  th.  wing  light  on  existing  species  no  r.i^di- 
tional  information  has  yet  been  publi.shed.  "We  cannot  but  hope  thut  tLo 
researches  of  Mr.  Gabb,  on  the  fossils  collected  by  the  Californiaii  (Jeoloj;ical 
Survey,  will  develope  relations  of  great  interest  between  the  existing  and 
former  conditions  of  the  continent.  The  Astorian  fossils  doscvihcd  by  Mr. 
Conrad  from  the  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition  (vol.  x..  Geology,  Philadelphia, 
1849;,  and  tabulated  in  the  first  Report,  p.  'M7,  belong  to  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  but  were  not  discovered  there  in  1800.  All  of  them,  however  (in- 
cluding the  indeterminate  species),  are  figured  in  the  atlas  of  ]>lates.  They 
resemble  the  fossils  of  the  Pacific  Kailroad  Expeditions  in  being  very  imper- 
fect, for  which  reason  the  following  criticisms  may  prove  erroneous.  The 
general  aspect  of  the  collection  betokens  the  Miocene  period. 

Ml/a  abriipta,  Conr.,  may  be  the  young  of  Glycimeris  getierosa,  Gld. 

Thrncia  trapczoides,  Conr.,  may  be  ciirfa,  Conr. 

iSolemi/a  ventricosa,  Conr.,  has  the  aspect  of  a  large  Laznria. 

Tellina  arctata,  Conr.,  closely  resembles  Maoma,  \ar.  expatisa, 

TMina  emacerata,  Conr.,  is  ptiliaps  Hoder/eiisis.  lids. 

Lucina  acutilineata,  Conr.,  appears  to  be  borealis,  Linn. 

Cardita  subtenta,  Conr.,=  Venericardia  borealis,  Cour. 

Kuctda  divaricata,  Conr.,  =  Acila  castrensi^,  lids. 

Pectnnculus  pattdus,  Conr.,  may  be  sentoitrionalis,  Midd. 

Pectunculus  nitens,  Conr.,  resembles  Psephis  tantilla,  Gld. 

Pecteti  pro/mtulus,  Conr.  A  very  fine  specimen,  enclosed  in  a  large  nodule 
from  Oregon,  was  presented  to  the  Brit.  Mus.  by  Mr.  C.  Pace.  If  nut  identical 
with  Amusium  caurintim,  Gld.,  it  is  most  closely  allied,  especially  to  the 
Japanese  form. 

•  Mr.  Prime  assigns  no  reason  for  changing  Dr.  Gould's  Lucina  into  a  Ci/clns,  nor  any 
authority  for  "  California."  Ho  was,  perhaps,  misled  by  the  artist's  engraved  references  to 
tlie  figures  528,  a,  h,  where  he  has  drawn  a  rule,  referring  to  the  Cyclades  shove,  insteiid  of 
writing  Lu<:ina.  It  is  assigned  to  "?Coast  of  Patagonia"'  in  'Otia.'  p.  03,  and  t)  "?R. 
Janeiro"  in  '  E.  E.  Moll.,'  p.  414.  In  each  place  the  shell  is  compared  to  an  Af^arfe  cr 
Ctiprina,  with  Uteral  teeth.  The  type  was  not  returned  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution; 
but  the  diagnosis  sUtes  that  it  is  "chalky,  thickened  within  t!ie  deej)  and  jaggi'd  pallial 
hne,  sculpture  faint  but  decussated,  and  margin  finely  erenulated,"— charaetei-s  mc  ro  con- 
sistent with  Lvetnn.  ■.  r.  Mt/rtaa,  than  with  Cyclaa.  If  the  type  cannot  be  recovered,  per- 
haps tlie  specie*  may  be  dropped,  as  il  ie  not  the  Lucina  {Mj/riua)  itnticula,  Kve. 

165 


680  BEroRT— 18C3. 

TirrhraUiln  nifnin,  Conr.,  is  very  probably  Waldhfimiapjdrinafa,  G]dL 
Jiullu  jwtroxa.  ( i)iir.,  has  the  shape  of  Tonuitina  (wimia,  Bd. 
I'l  epithila  pioi-iipta,  Conr.,  is  certainly /;n'«tvy>s,  Midd. 
Tmritflln,  sp.  iiid.,  resembles  Mvsalin  lactcola. 

':l>oliiini  pitnmim,  Cour.,  resembles  the  youiifr  of  Prime  nodosa,  Chemn. 
I'lisiDi  (jf)tlcidi(s,  Cour.     A  similar  shell  has  just  been  taken  at  the  Favallorit* 
by  iJr.  Cooper. 

121.  To  correct  the  general  table  of  "MoUnsca  of  the  "West  Coast  of  N, 
America"  (First  lU'iwrt,  pp.  298-345),  and  the  deductions  founded  upon  it 
(pp.  34()-3(J7),  would  involve  the  necessity  of  reprinting  a  considerable  por- 
ti  )n.  The  student,  being  now  in  possession  of  all  the  known  sources  of 
fresh  information,  can  with  his  own  pen  strike  out  the  spurious  species,  alter 
the  synonyms,  insert  the  newly  discovered  forms,  and  make  the  requisite 
corrections  in  the  classiticd  results. 

122.  With  regard  to  the  tropicf.l  la  ia,  the  rescaiches  at  Cape  St.  Lucas 
and  in  the  interior  of  the  Gulf  of  C  iifornia,  though  leaving  much  to  be 
desired,  bear-out  the  g(Mieral  conclusions  arrivcd-at  in  paragraphs  78-87. 
The  evidence  for  the  identity  of  specific  forms  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  sides 
of  Central  America  has  been  greatly  confirmed.  Dr.  Gould  writes,  "The 
doctrine  of  local  limitations  meets  with  so  few  apparent  exceptions  that  we 
admit  it  as  an  axiom  in  zoology  that  species  strongly  resembling  each  other, 
derived  from  widely  diverse  localities,  especially  if  a  continent  intervenes, 
and  if  no  known  or  plausible  means  of  comuiunication  can  be  assigned, 
should  be  assumed  as  different  until  their  identity  can  be  proved  {ride  E.  E. 
3lloll.  Intr.  p.  xi).  Much  study  of  living  s])ecimens  must  be  made  before 
the  apparent  exceptions  can  be  brought  under  the  rule."'  It  has,  however, 
to  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  researches  of  modern  geology  clearly  point  to 
considerable  alterations  in  the  existing  configuiation  of  continents,  and  vu 
the  consequent  direction  of  ocean-currents,  during  the  ascertained  ])eriod  of 
many  species  now  living.  Xor  are  we  warranted  in  the  belief  that  the 
existing  fauna  in  any  locality  has  been  created  at  i^ny  one  time,  or  has 
radiated  from  any  single  s])Ot.  To  study  the  relation^  of  living  shells  simply 
in  connexion  v^th  the  existing  map  of  the  world  must  lead  but  to  partial 
result*;.  The  tacts  accumulating  with  regard  to  the  British  species,  by 
tracing  them  through  the  northern  drift  (now  found  even  on  the  Snowdonian 
range),  to  the  oldest  crag  deposits  when  Europe  was  contained  in  far  different 
boundaries,  show  how  altered  may  have  been  the  configuration  of  the  ncAV 
world  when  the  oldest  of  its  molluscs  were  first  created.  Coordinately  with 
the  glacial  period.  Central  America  may  have  been  a  group  of  islands;  co- 
ordinately  with  the  creation  oi  Sdxicava pholadis  and  (Jhri/sodomus  cinliqituSj 
the  gulf-weed  may  have  floated  between  the  Kocky  Mountains  in  the 
archipelago  of  West  America,  and  Japanese  molluscs  may  have  known  how 
to  migrate  to  the  Mediterranean  shores.  Dr.  Gould's  position  may  there- 
fore be  accepted  in  theory  ;  yet,  in  practice,  the  "  imperfection  of  the  geological 
record"*,  and  even  of  uur  knowledge  of  existing  species  and  their  variations, 
demands  that  the  greatest  caution  be  exercised  in  building  results  on  deduc- 
tions from  otir  ignorance.  Already  the  fossil  M(dea  rinijens  of  the  Atlantic 
has  proved  a  "  Rosetta  Stone  "  to  interpret  the  Cyprcpa  exanthema,  Pvrpura 
jmtula,  and  other  Caribbean  shells  of  the  Pacific  ;  and  as  the  geology  of  the 
West  Coast  advances,  so  may  we  expect  to  find  traces  of  previous  denizens  of 

•  No  student  of  geographical  distribution  should  omit  to  weigh  carefully  the  chapter 
on  this  suhjrt't  in  Dai'ftiu's  '  Origin  of  Species,'  and  the  information  given  in  L^ell's 
'  Antiuuitv  of  Mao.' 

166 


ON  MOLT.rSCA  OF  THF  'WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMF.RICA.  C81 

American  waters,  which  have  bequeathed  some  species  now  flouriishing,  and 
olbers  dying-put,  to  the  existing  soas.  The  i)resent  fuunfis  ot  West  America 
are  perhajjs  tlie  most  isolated  on  the  surface  of  the  globe ;  yet,  if  we  knew 
the  ancestry  of  each  specific  form,  we  might  find  some  first  api)earing  with  man 
en  this  planet,  others  first  living  even  in  historic  times,  others  tracing  tlieir 
descent  from  remote  periods,  and  it  may  be  very  distant  localities,  in  the  ages 
of  the  Miocene,  possibly  even  of  the  Eocene  oceans.  These  suppositions  are 
not  set  forth  as  theories,  but  simply  to  guard  against  interpretations  ot  fiicts 
based  on  conclusions  which  may  be  only  the  results  of  our  necessarily 
imperfect  information. 

12;}.  With  regard  to  forms  offering  local  peculiarities  sufficient  In  dis- 
tinguish them  from  correlative  forms  offering  ecjual  peculiarities  in  some  other 
ftiuna,  we  are  by  no  means  warranted  in  assuming  that  these  have  sprung 
from  different  creations.  If  a  race  of  men,  migrating  to  a  new  continent,  in 
a  very  few  generations,  or  even  in  the  next,  develope  an  essentially  different 
2>h>fsi</He,  it  is  fair  to  conclude  that  molluscs,  borne  by  a  ch.ange  of  currents  to 
a  distant  region,  or  steadily  migrating  to  the  extreme  limit  of  their  con- 
ditions of  life,  will  also  change  their  appearance.  If  the  })ublication  of  the 
"  Darwinian  Theory  "  has  had  no  other  effect,  it  has  at  least  checked  the  pro- 
pensity to  announce  "  new  species"  for  differences  wliich  may  fairly  be  re- 
garded as  varietal.  It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind,  that  if  the  views  of  Mr. 
Darwin  be  only  a  theory,  such  also  is  the  name  recpiired  for  the  prevalent 
opinion  of  separate  creations  for  all  diverse  forms.  What  indeed  can  we 
possibly  know  of  the  mode  of  original  creation  of  a  single  species  ?  We  can 
only  prove  that  one  or  the  other  supposition  best  explains  a  certain  class  of 
facts.  It  is  not  necessary  for  a  working  naturalist  to  commit  himself  to  an 
exclusive  belief  in  either  of  these  theories.  He  may  perhaps  best  explain 
some  facts  by  the  doctrine  of  separate  creation,  others  by  that  of  nat'.iral 
selection.  In  either  case  it  is  his  duty  to  trace-out,  as  far  as  p(jssible,  the 
limits  as  well  as  the  powers  of  variation  in  every  living  form,  and  to  guard 
against  seeing  that  only  which  accords  with  his  prevailing  belief. 

124.  The  study  of  European  shells,  as  they  exist  in  Norway,  in  Britain,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  at  the  Canaries,  or  as  they  ai)pear  at  diflt  rent  deptlis 
and  stations  in  our  own  seas,  still  more  as  they  occur  in  the  widely  separated 
periods  of  the  later  and  middle  tertiary  ages,  is  an  excellent  prei)aration  for 
the  examination  of  either  recent  or  fossil  faunas  in  districts  where  our  know- 
ledge is  fragmentarj'  and  unconfirmed.  It  may  be  safelj-  stated  that  there  are, 
in  the  American  waters,  many  trojiical  forms  from  the  West  Indies  and  the 
Pacific  shores,  some  temperate  forms  from  California  and  the  Atlantic,  and 
many  sub-boreal  species  in  the  Vancouver  district  and  the  European  seas, 
not  differing  from  each  other  more  or  even  so  much  as  forms  universally 
allowed  by  malacologists  to  ha%.'  had  a  )mmon  origin  from  Britain  and  the 
Mediterranean,  from  the  Red  and  the  Coralline  Crag. 

125.  It  is  interesting  to  observe  that,  notwithstanding  the  probable  con- 
nexion of  the  oceans  through  the  Rocky  Mountains  during  the  Miocene  age, 
there  is  extremely  little  similarity  between  the  special  tem])erate  faunas  of 
East  and  West  America.  Not  a  single  species  has  yet  been  proved  identical, 
and  the  allied  forms  are  but  few  in  niynber.     They  appear  as  follows : — 

Californian  species.  U.  S.  Atlantic  species. 


Clidiophora  punctata. 
Lyonsia  Californica. 
Macoma  inconspicua. 
Angulus  niodestua. 
Kaeta  uudulata. 


C.  trilineata  (?  =  nnsuta), 

L.  (hyalina=jFloridaua. 

M.  fusca. 

A.  tener. 

K.  caualiculuta. 


167 


682 


EEPORT ]  8C3. 


Culiforninn  species. 

Liocaidium  substriatunL 
iiUiiatia  Jiewisii. 
Na.<sa  mendica. 
Amycla  (species). 


U.  S.  Atlantic 

\j.  Mortoni. 
L.  heros. 
N.  trivittata. 
Amycla  (species). 


^pene% 


126.  When,  however,  we  approach  the  region  in  which  boreal  and  sub- 
"boreal  forms  occur,  many  species  are  found  in  common,  and  between  otlara 
there  is  but  slight  difference.  Yet  even  here  there  are  more  Lritish  than 
Isew  England  siiecies  in  the  West-coast  fauna.  As  might  be  expected,  the 
British  species  are  for  the  most  part  those  which  are  also  found  fossil,  and 
therefore  have  had  time  to  diffuse  themselves  widely  over  the  hemisphere. 
It  Li,  however,  remarkable  that  many  Crag  species  have  reached  Eastern 
Asia  and  West  America  which  are  not  found  in  Grand  Manau  and  Xew 
England.  It  is  also  extraordinary  that  certain  special  generic  forms  of  the 
Crag,  as  Acila,  Miodon,  Vertuordia,  and  Sidariella,  reappear  in  the  North 
Pacific*.  When  seeking  for  an  explanation  of  so  remarkable  a  connexion 
between  faunas  widely  removed  in  space  and  time,  the  correlative  fact  must 
be  borne  in  mind,  that  the  northern  drift +,  so  widely  diffused  over  Europe 
and  Eastern  America,  has  not  yet  been  traced  in  the  western  region.  The 
following  Table  exhibits,  not  only  the  id  -ntical  but  the  similar  species  be- 
longing to  the  northern  faunas  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific.  In  the  Asiatia 
column,  K  denotes  that  the  species  occurs  in  the  Kamtschatka  region,  J  in 
Japan.  In  the  second  column,  V  signifies  the  Vancouver  district,  C  the  CaU- 
fornian,  and  I  the  Sta.  Barbara  group  of  islands.  The  species  marked  F 
are  also  fossil.  In  the  third  column,  C  denotes  the  Conilline,  R  the  Hod,  and 
jr  the  Mammaliferous  Crag.  The  fourth  contains  the  species  living  in  the 
British  seas ;  the  fifth,  on  the  American  side  of  the  Atlantic,  Gr.  standinjj 
for  Greenland. 


East  Asia. 

West  America. 

Crag 

British. 

E.  America. 

K 

V      Rhynconella  psittacea   . . 

(Pleistocene)  psittacea 

psittacea 

— 

V  C  Xylotrya  pennatifera .... 

— 

pennatifera 

— 

— 

V      Xylotrya  timbriata 

— 

timbriata 

— 

— „ 

V  C  Zirphsea  crispata    

CIIM 

crispata 

crispata 
pholadis 

K 

V  C  Saxicava  pholadis 

C  R  M 

pholadis 

J 

V  C  Glvcimeris  generosa  .... 

Faujasii,  C  R 

— 

— 

V  Sphaenia  ovalis 

V  Mya  truucata 

'  rBiiighami '  |  Binghami 

— 

JK 

C  R  M 

truncata 

truncata 

J  K,  lata 

V      Macoma  inquinata 

lata,  R  M 

proxima 

proxima.Ac 

K 

V      Serripes  Gra'nlandicus  .  . 

RM 

— 

(.inenland. 

K 

V I   Venei-icardia  borealis .... 

— 

— 

borealis 

— 

V      Astarte  (compacta)    .... 

compressa.R  M  compressa 

couipressa 

— 

V      Miodon  prolongatus 

corbis,  C  it 

— 

— 

__ 

I  F    Jjucina  borealis 

CRM 

borealis 

— 



I        Cryptodon  flexuosus  .... 

C 

(loxuosu? 



China 

I        Verticordia  9-costata. . . . 

cardiiformis,  C 

— 



V  C  Kellia  suborbicularis  .... 

C  R 

suborbicul. 

— 

*  Wliether  there  be  any  similar  correspondenee  in  the  Polyzoa  is  not  yet  known,  Mr. 
Busk  not  '.laving  had  time  to  complete  his  examination. 

t  See,  in  tills  connexion,  a  very  accurate  Table  of  the  species  which  travel  round 
Cape  Cod,  with  their  distribution  in  existing  seas  and  over  diHerent  provinces  of  tli3 
various  drift- format  ions  in  the  Old  and  New  World,  by  tiauderdou  Jiuuth,  in  Axm.  Lye, 
Kdt.  Hist.  N.  York,  vol.  vii.  18G0,  p.  lOti. 

%  from  the  Curalliuc  Crug.    Looks  more  like  ovalia, 

168 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OK  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


G83 


,   East  Asi*. 

West  America. 

Craij. 

British. 

JH.  America. 

J 
JK 

V  C  Lasea  rubra     

0 
TJM 

rubra 
t'dulis 

ediilis 

V  C  Mytilus  ediilis     

— 

VC  Moiiiola  modiolus 

PC  R  -M 

modiolus    '  modiolus 

— 

V      Modinlaria  luarniorata  .  . 

CK 

marmorata   luarniorata 

JK 

V      Modiolariu  Leviirata 

— 

uifrra          1  licvjrata 

— 

I        Creuella  de(ni.s.*ata 



decussata     jrlandula 

JK 

iiHi'rni.<,&c. 

V      Nucula  tenuis 

CKM 

Cobboldi;E,RM 

tenuis            tenuis 

V  C  I F  Acila  tit-trensis   .... 

JK 

V      Yoldia  lane .olata 

KM 



lanceolata 

— 

V      Leda  niinnta  

RM 

caudata 

minuta 

1 

I        Liui;ea  .subauriculata. . .  . 

C 

subaurieul. 



f 

V  C  IIin!iite.s  {riiranteus     . . . . 

Cortesyi,  C 

— 

.... 

j     (Asia) 

V       Linnuea  palustris   

palustris 

palustris 

V  C  Cyliclina  attonsa    

cvliudracea,CR 

attonsa 

— 

— 

V      Ilamiuea  hydatis    

M 

hydatis 



— 

VC  Dfiitaliuui  Indianorum.  . 

entale,  M 

entale 

striolatnrri 

J  K,  cieca 

V      Ii"peta  cfeeoidps     

— 

(cajca.A'y*-.)  caca,  Gr. 

— 

V      Marirarita  helicina 

— 

helicina 

lielicina 

— 

V      Jlavfrarita  I' Vahlii 

— 

— 

Vahlii,  Or. 

— 

V      Me.^alia  lacteola 

— 

— 

lactea,  Or. 

— 

V      Lacuna  vincta     

M     . 

vincta 

vincta 

K  (turricula 

)V      P.ida  tidicula   

turricula,  R 
Trevelliana,  R 

tuiTicula 
Trevelliana 

turricula 

V      Bela  excurvata   

— 

V  C  Scalaria  Indiannrura  .... 



communis 



K 

V      Velutina  lievigata 

M 

laevigata 

Ireyigata 

K 

V      Natica  clau^a 

R 

(Norway) 
micans 

clausa 

V  C  I  Eulima  micani 

polita,  C  R 

— 

V      Cerithinp5si9  tubercularis 

C 

tubercularis 

— 

— 

V  I    Triforis  adversus     

C 

adversus 



— 

C  I    Erato  colunibi'lla    

Maugeriie,  C  R 

— 

oy.  I.) 

— 

V  C  Purpura  saxicola    

— 

lapillus 

lapillus 

— 

V      Chrysodomus  liratus.  . . . 

— 

— 

10-costatu.s 

— 

V      Trophon  multieostatus  . . 

■  — 

(Norway) 

Gunneri 

127.  The  following  species  (besides  others  dredged  by  Mr.  A.  Adams,  but  not 
yet  determined)  have  been  found  on  both  the  Asiatic  and  American  shores  of 
the  N.  Pacific,  in  addition  to  those  recorded  by  Middendorff,  i'.  Brit.  Assoc. 
Report,  p.  :i:^3. 


Terebratella  Coreanica. 
Waldheimia  Californica. 
Waldheimia  pulvinata. 
Waldheimia  (trayi. 
Glyciniei'is  genero*a. 
Scliizoth-prus  Nuttallii. 
SoIpu  sicavius. 
Sanguinolaria  Nuttallii. 
Tellina  Bodegensis. 


Cardium  modestum. 
Amtisium  caurinum. 
I'lac  uiianomia  macroschisma. 
Crepidula  grandis. 
Driliia  inermis. 
Lunatia  pallida. 
Priene  Oregonensis. 
Cerostoraa  foliatum. 


Siphonalia  Kellettii. 

128.  The  Vancouver  and  Califomian  districts  have  so  many  characteristic 
species  in  common  (111  out  of  492),  that  they  must  be  regarded  as  con- 
stituting one  fauna,  differing  as  do  the  British  and  Mediterranean  region^, 
i'ull  particulars  as  to  the  range  of  the  different  species  may  be  expected  ii 
Dr.  Couper's  Report  to  the  Califomian  Geological  Survey.  One  fact  must, 
liowever,  be  here  specially  noted,  viz.  the  great  peculiarity  of  the  island-fauna. 
Although  the  Sta.  liarbara  group  are  so  near  the  mainland,  the  dredge  lias 
not  only  produced  manv  !;i)cuies  not  kuow'u  on  the  continent,  but  also  many 

169 


t84  REPORT— 18C3. 

before  considored  as  essentially  tropical.  Along  with  these  are  not  only  some 
species  oftyiH.vs  hitherto  regarded  as  almost  exclusively  Asiatic,  as  VerliconJia, 
tSulariella,  and  Fulvia  modesta,  but  also  some  whicH  belong  to  the  sub-boreal 
district,  us  Liuiaa  borealis,  Venericardia  horecdis,  and  Crtndla  decussata.  Tho 
latter  belongs  to  the  British,  and  not  to  the  N.  England  form. 

12'.^.  Ot  the  blendingof  the  temperateand  tropical  faunas  on  the  peninsula  of 
L.  California  we  are  still  in  ignorance.  All  we  know  is,  that  at  Margarita  Lay 
tho  shells  are  still  tropical,  and  that  at  Cerros  Island  they  are  strangely  inter- 
mixed. There  is  pecrJiarendence  of  connexion  between  the  faunas  of  the  penin- 
sula and  of  S.  America,  not  only  in  the  land-shells  (i'.  anted,  p.  ij'60),  but  in 
some  of  the  marine  forms.  Beside  identical  species  with  wide  range,  as  many  Ca- 
lyptrands,  the  following  are  coordinate  between  the  North  and  South  PaciHc: — 


Uj>per  aiul  Lower  California. 
iNetastoma  Dai-winii. 
Solecurtus  Calif oruianua. 
St'mele  rupium. 
Callista  v(ii:  puella. 
Chania  pellucida. 
Liocardium  substriatum. 
Axina?a  ( Barbarensis.) 
Verticonlia  novemcostata. 
I'ecten  jcqui.siik-atus.* 
Siphonaiia  thersites. 
Tonicia  liueata. 
Acni;ea  patina. 
Acmie.i  persona. 
Scurria  niitra. 
Chloro.stonia  funebrale. 
Mitia  inaura. 
Raiiella  Califomica. 
Priene  Oregonensis. 
Ti'ophou  multicostatus. 


South  America, 
N.  Darwinii. 
S.  Dombeyi. 
(Ditto,  Galapagos.) 
C.  pannosa. 
C.  pellucida. 
L.  Elenense. 
A.  intermedia. 
V.  omata. 
P.  ventiicosus. 
S.  lateralis,  &c. 
T.  lineolata. 
A.  scutum,  D'Orh. 
A.  "  Oregona,"  If.  C. 
S.  scurra. 
C  mo?stum. 
M.  niaura. 
li.  ventricosa. 
P.  cancellata. 
T.  Magellanicus. 


Time  and  space  do  not  avail  for  pointing  out  further  relations  with  exotic 
faunas ;  which  indeed  will  be  performed  with  greater  correctness  after  Dr. 
Cooper  shall  have  published  his  complete  lists. 

130.  For  the  sake  of  avoiding  the  inconvenience  of  trinomial  nomenclature, 
the  subgeneric  and  vaiietal  names  have  often  been  cited  in  this  Report  instead 
of  the  generic  and  specific,  in  order  that  the  exact  form  of  the  shell  quoted 
might  be  more  quickly  determined.  The  diagnoses  of  all  the  new  species 
here  tabulated  are  written  for  the  press,  and  will  shortly  appear  in  the  dif- 
ferent scientific  journals.  Additional  specimens  will  probably  prove  several 
forms  to  be  conspecific  which  are  here  treated  as  distinct.  In  tlie  present 
state  of  the  science,  absolute  certainty  is  not  to  be  attained.  The  object  of 
the  writer*  has  been  principally  to  bring  together  the  works  of  his  prede- 
cessors, and  so  to  arrange  and  describe  the  new  materials  that  those  who 
continue  his  labours  may  be  able  to  draw  their  own  conclusions  from  existing 
data.  In  order  to  facilitate  reference,  a  brief  index  is  here  given  of  the 
subject-matter  of  the  former  and  of  the  present  Reports. 

*  The  best  thanks  of  the  writer  are  due  to  Hugh  Cuming,  Esq.,  for  the  free  use  of  his 
collection  ;  to  Messrs.  II.  &  A.  Adams,  Ilanley.  Keeve,  and  ISowerby,  for  aid  in  identifying 
specimens;  to  tlie  ofRoers  and  naturalists  connected  with  the  Smithsonian  Institution; 
to  Dr.  A.  A.  Gould,  for  verj  j-a!uable  corrections;  and  generally  to  autliors  and  friends, 
who  have  kindly  rendei  d  him  all  the  assistince  in  their  power.  He  earnestly  invites 
criticisms  on  the  subject-matter  of  the  two  Re|Wrts  ;  in  order  tliar  they  nuiy  be  embodied, 
and  errors  corrected,  in  the  Manuals  of  the  ^V^^sl-Coast  Mollusca  which  he  lias  uiidertakea 
to  prepare  for  the  Snnthsonian  Institution. 
Warrington,  Auj.  'I'ind,  ISGl.  ^  __ 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  N'ORTH  AMERICA. 


685 


23. 


24. 

2.-.. 

2(i. 
27. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 
Faragrapb. 

1-5.  Physical  Condition  of  West  America      ...        . 

6-12.  Errors  respecting  II  ai)itat 

13-21.  Errors  of  Nomenclature    ... 
Table  of  L(x;alitie9... 

Table  of  collectors.    Early  Writers.     Linnaeus,  Solander, 
Martyn,  Chemnitz,   Dixon,  Dombey,   Perry,    Leach, 
Dillwvn,  Lamarck.  Swainson    ... 
Humboldt  and  tionpland  (Valenciennes) 

Voyage  of  ■  Cuquille : '  Lesson      

Eschsclioltz ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         .,. 

Tankerville  Catalogue  :  Zoological  Journal 

28.  Voyage  of  '  Blossom  ' :  Beechey,  Belcher  

29.  Wood's  '  Index  Testaceologicus  '  and  Supp'ement 

30.  Voyage  of  '  Astrolabe  ' :  Quoy  and  Gaimard 

31.  Voyage  of  '  Adventure'  and  'Beagle  ' :  King    

32.  Hugh  Cuming's  Researches 

33.  D'Orbigny's  S.  America 

34.  Botta 

35.  Blainville's  Purpurae 
3B.  Guerin's  Magasin  :  Duclos 

37.  Voyage  of  '  Beagle'  :  Darwin  (see  also  p.  .3r)0)  ... 

38.  Lady  Katherine  Douglas  (afterwards  Wigram) 

89.  Nuttall ;  Conrad 

4(X  Voyage  of  '  B  nite ' :  Eydous  and  Souleyet       

41.  „  'Venus':  Deshaves,  Valenciennes    ...         ... 

42.  „  'Sulphur':  Hinds       

43.  LT.  S.  Exploring  Ex])edition  ;  Gould       

44.  Middendorff 

45.  Vo-,  age  of  '  Samarang ' :  Adams  and  Reeve 

46.  E.B.  Philippi        

Mexican-War  Naturalists,  Rich  and  Green ;  also  JeweLt 
Melchers  ;  Menke... 
Kellett  and  Wood  ;  Forbes 

Reigen  ;  Br.  Mus.  Mazatlan  Catalogue 

Conrad  on  Wilson's  shells 
Jay's  Catalogue 


48, 


47. 
49. 
50. 
51. 
62.110. 
53. 


Page 
Report  I. 
.  l.")9 
.  102 
.  lt>4 
.  1G7 


IfiS 
169 
172 
172 
174 
175 
178 
179 
179 
179 
1S9 
191 
191 
191 
192 
192 
192 
201 
202 
2(U 
208 
214 
224 
224 
22.-) 
2:55 
2:i9 
241 
264 
2()5 
265 
281 
281 
2s;i 
284 
285 
288 


54.  C.B.Adams;  Panama  Catalogue  

55.  Br.  Mus.  Catalogues ;  Venerid^ 

.5t>.  Sailor's  Collection  ... 

67,98.  Gould',s  Collection 

58.  Bridges        

59.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society      ...         

60.  Sowerby  ;  '  Conchological  Illustrations  ' 

61.  „          'Thesaurus  Conchy  liorum' and 'Malacological 
Magazine'  2.S8 

„     Sowerby's  '  Genera ' ;  Reeve's  '  Conchologia  Systematica ' 

62.  Reeve's  '  Conchologia  Iconica '     ...         ...         ...         ...     289 

6.3.  Kiener. '  Coquilles  Vivantes  •        293 

64,  65.  German   authors ;    Pfeiffer,   Menke,   Philippi,   Kiister, 

Dunker 294 

66.  British  Museum  Collection  ...         ...     296 

67.  Cumingian  Collection        ...         297 

68.  Various  European  sources :  Bosc,  Lesson,  Gray,  Wood- 

ward,  Ilanley,  Journ.   de   Conch.,  Chenu,    Duclos, 

Deshaves  ..  ...         297 

69, 121.  GeneralTable  of  the  Western  Faunas 297 

70,71.  Isolation  from  other  Provinces 34^5 

72,73.  Boreal  and  Sitcha  District  347 

74-76.  Fauna  of  Oregon  and  Upper  California...         ...         ...     348 

77,  78.         „        Lower  California ;  S.  Diego,  S.  Pedro,  S.  Juan, 

La  Paz,  Guaymas  350 

79-83.  Tropical  Fauna  ;  Galapagos         353 

•  ••  •••  •■•      OO^ 


84-87, 122.  Comparison  with  other  Fauna* 


in 
Report  n. 


517 


517 
521 
.^)21 
521 
.522 
522 
523 

524 


524 


o2o 

528 
529 
.529 
5.32 
5.!4 
5.34 
534 

542 
542 
6.34 
548 
549 
5.'.3 
5.-)4 
554 
554 
5r)4 
559 

561 
561 
W)2 
563 

573 
574 


575 


635 


630 


171 


C36 


KEPORT — 18G3. 


91.  \-20. 

yu,  !»•_'. 
It:?. 


ParagrapTi.  Rt 

J^?^.  Land  and  Freshwater  Shells         

Polvzoa       ...         ...         ...         ...         ... 

Fdgsil  ISjiecies;  U.  S.  Expl.  ilxp 

Conclusion  of  First  Report 

Smithsonian  Institution  ;  Collections  and  Publications.., 
94.  N.  Pacific  Exploring  Expetlilion ;  Stimpson,  Gould  .. 
9.').  U.S.Japan  Kxpedition;  Jay      ...         ...         

96.  A.  Adams;  Japan... 

97.  Pacific  Railroad  Reports;  Blake's  Fossils  

98.  „  „  Gould's  Shells  

99.  „  „  Newberry's  Fossils 

100.  „  „  Antisell's  Fossils       

101.  „  „  W.  Cooper's  Shells  (Coop.).. 

102.  U.  S.  N.  Pacific  Boundary  Survey  ;  Kennerley... 
Iti:?.  Brit.  „  „  ;  Lord,  Lyall,  Forbes 
104.  Californian  State  Geolojrieal  Surrey  ;  J.  G.  Cooper  (Cp.) 
10.').  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells;  Xantus    ..' 

106.  Neeah  Bay,  Vancourer,  &c. ;  Swan 

107.  Farallone  Islands  ... 

108.  J.  G.  Cooper's  Land  Shells ;  Bland 
1(*9.  Land  Shells  of  Lower  California 

110.  Californian  Naturalists:  Trask,  Newcomb, Rowell,  Gabb, 

Reinond  ... 

111.  Various  American  publications 
11  "J.  General  Table  of  the  Vancouver  and  Californian  Fauna 

113.  Additional  Shells  from  Lower  California  and  the  Gulf 

Cerros  Island,  Margarita  Bay.  La  Paz,  Guaymas 

114.  Additional  Shells  of  Tropical  Fauna;  Acapulco,  Real 

Uejos,  Panama 

115.  General  List  of  Land,  Freshwater,  and  Marine  Pulmo 

nates;  Binney    ... 

116.  Paludinida,  &c. ;  Binney 

117.  Melaniadae;  Binney  

118.  Unionida;;  Lea      

119.  Cvrenida; ;  Prime... 

91,  120.  Tertiary  Fossils      

69,121.  Corrections  of  General  Table 

84,  122.  Comparison  with  other  Faunas 

123.  Local  peculiarities... 

Comparative  study  of  European  Fauna 

Comparison  with  Eastern  American  Fauna 
Comparison  with  the  Crag  Fossils 
CompTison  with  Asiatic  Shells     . 


124. 
125. 
128. 
127. 
128. 
129. 


Pecuiiarities  of  the  Island  Fauna 

Comparison  of  the  West  Coast  of  N.  and  S.  America 


130.  Explanation  of  Nomenclature 


P/'ge  in 
|iort  1.     Report  II. 

367    ...    67& 

367 

577 

.'iS2 

5S7 

588 

.58S 
283     ...     592 

.5'.);$ 

594 

696 

601 

603 

607 

616 

626 

628 

629 

630 

631 
6.i3 
635 

664 

608 


... 

..  669 

•  •■ 

..  676 

•  ■• 

..  677 

•  •  ■ 

..  677 

..  678 

367 

..  679 

297 

..  680 

302 

..  680 

•  •• 

..  681 

■  •■ 

..  681 

... 

..  681 

... 

..  6S2 

•  >■ 

,.  68'i 

•  •  > 

..  684 

•  •• 

..  684 

••• 

^    684 

172 


B. 


REVIEW 


or 


PROF.  C.  B.  ADAMS'S  CATALOGUE 


OF  THK 


SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.  FROM  THE  TYPE  SPECIMENS. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  Ph.D. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  339-369, 

June  23,  1863. 


(173) 


Review  of  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams's  'Catalogue  of  the  Shells 
OF  Panama'*,  from  the  Type  Specimens.  13y  Philip  P. 
Carpenter,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 

A  resume  of  this  important  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  local 
faunas,  and  a  comparison  with  the  British  Museum  '  Descriptive 
Catalogue  of  the  Reigen  Collection  of  Mazatlan  Vlollusca,'  is  given 
in  the  'Report  of  the  British  Association'  for  18.")(i,  pp.  26.)-2Sl. 
Full  series  of  the  old  species,  and  the  first  specimens  of  the  new, 
were  deposited  by  Prof.  Adams  in  the  Museum  of  Amherst  College, 
which  also  contains  similar  series  of  the  Professor's  Caribbean  col- 
lections. The  second  specimens  of  new  species  were  sent  to  Mr. 
Cuming,  and  through  his  kindness  were  freely  used  in  prej)aring 
the  Mazatlan  Catalogue,  thus  avoiding  the  necessity  of  manj'  syno- 
nyms. An  instructive  lesson  in  candour  and  forbearance  may  be 
learnt  by  comparing  together  the  works  of  any  two  naturalists  of 
equal  celebrity,  or  by  comparing  either  of  them  with  the  types. 
With  the  best  desires  for  accuracv,  and  the  greatest  care,  it  is  hardly 
possible  for  an  author  to  describe  so  that  his  readers  shall  >-ee  shells 
as  he  sees  them.  If  this  be  true  of  such  full  and  precise  diagnoses 
as  those  of  Adams  and  Gould,  how  much  greater  must  be  the  difii- 
culty  to  foreigners  of  recognizing  shells  /rom  the  biicf  descriptions 
of  Broderip,  Lamarck,  and  the  older  writers  generally.     The  careful 

•  Catalogue  of  Shells  collected  at  Panama;  with  Notes  on  their  Synonymy, 
Staiion,  anil  Geographical  Distrihiition  •  hy  C.  B.  A(Unis,  Prolcs!,or  of  Znoln-'v, 
Ac,  in  Amherst  Collece,  Mass.  Reprinted  from  the  '  Auiials  of  Ljcuuiu  ot  Nat, 
Hist.  N.  Y.,'  vol.  V.    New  York,  1852. 

175 


2  nR.  p.  p.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

preservation  of  types  tlierefore,  and  the  interchange  of  specimens 
named  from  type*,  is  of  tlie  first  importance  to  save  the  time  and 
ensure  tlie  acenracv  of  succeeding  writers.  The  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tut  inn  has  fnllv  recojinized  this  principle  by  directing  that  the  first 
avnilal)ie  duplicate  of  all  type  species  described  from  its  collections 
shall  be  deposited  in  some  museum  open  to  students  on  the  other 
side  of  tiie  Atlantic. 

As  the  authorities  of  Amherst  College  had  not  taken  any  steps 
to  figure  their  tuiicpie  specimens,  and  as  Prof.  Adams's  dctermina- 
t'.ons  of  old  sjiecies  had  not  heen  verified,  I  made  it  my  business 
(^wlien  visitnig  America  to  deposit  the  first  duplicate  series  of  the 
Mazatlan  Shells  in  the  New  York  State  Museum  at  Albany)  to  com- 
pare Prof.  Adams's  collection,  on  the  spot,  with  his  published  book, 
in  my  copy  of  which  I  made  my  notes  and  sketclu-s  at  the  time. 
Every  facility  was  afforded  me  by  the  Curator.  I  was  allowed  freely 
to  handle  the  specimens  in  the  presence  of  his  assistant,  and  to  draw 
the  minute  species  under  my  microscope.  I  took  with  me  forcom- 
])arison  the  drawings  of  the  minute  ^lazatlan  sliells  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  species  being  numbered  in  both  the  Panaii:a  and  the 
Mazatlan  lists,  it  is  easy  now  to  institute  a  comparison  between  them. 
They  are  here  distinguished  by  the  initials  P.  and  M. 

P.  1.  Orula  avena.  May  be  distinct  from  Radius  vnrinhilis, 
ISl.  -435,  being  much  more  stumpy,  with  a  thicker  lip  ;  but  the  few 
8j)ecimens  are  in  poor  condition,  and  the  differences  may  be  accidents 
of  station. 

2.  Oiuila  einnr(/innfa  =  Caruiea  e.  Quite  distinct  from  its  Carib- 
bean analogue  C.  yibbosa. 

3.  Oim/a  neylecta,  C.  B.  Ad.,  is  probably  a  small  variety  of  Ra- 
dius variubtlis. 

•J.   Oi'ula  variabilis,  C.  B.  Xd.  =  R'i(/ius  v.,  M.  435. 

5.  Ocula,  sp.  ind.,  probably  =  raWai///*,  jun. 

6.  Ci/pnea  arnbicula=  Aricia  a.,  M.  438. 

7.  Ci/preea  cervinetta=C.  exanthema,  M.  436.  Having  now 
examined  a  multitude  of  sjiecimens  from  ditFerent  stations  on  the 
west  coast,  which  differ  from  each  other  quite  as  much  as  they  do 
from  the  typical  Caribbean  forms,  I  am  confirmed  in  the  belief  of 
their  identity. 

8.  Cyprcea  punctulata= Aricia  p.  Erroneously  given,  in  M. 
p.  374,  as  a  probable  synonym  of  A.  arabieida.  It  is  less  thickened 
at  the  sides,  with  smaller  spots.  x\lthoagh  specimens  of  urabicnla 
graduate  into  it  at  the  back,  it  may  always  be  known  by  the  nioutli, 
wiiich  has  its  teeth  much  further  apart. 

9.  Cypreea  pustulata=Trivia  p.,  M.  439. 
I  *  176 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.       3 

10.  Ciiprcea  rafJia)is=Trii-ia  r.,  M.  -140. 

1 1.  Cijprcta  ruheiice)is'=^i\vaf\  sp.  of  Trivia  sanguinea,  M.  4-12. 

12.  Cijpreea  smiyuinea=Tiifia  s.,  M.  442. 

13.  Eroto  srahriusrvld.     Sttt. 

14.  Marginella  minor.     Stet,  M.  .58". 

]  .T.  Maryitiella  sapofi/la.  'I'he  Panama  specimens  collected  by 
Prof.  Adams,  and  alnmdantly  l>y  others,  more  closely  resemble  M. 
Ijruimm  than  tlie  type  37.  sn]:otilla  of  Hinds,  which  is  a  much  smaller 
shtli.  The  Caribbean  shells  (which  are  tciuiid  across  the  Isthmus 
at  Aspinwall)  differ  oirly  in  having  a  sharper  angle  in  the  labrum  at 
the  posterior  notch.  Adansoii's  habitat,  donbted  by  Prof.  Adams 
(note,  p.  41),  is  confirmed  by  sjieciniens  in  the  Bristol  Institution 
brought  from  Sierra  Leone  by  Chi' f. justice  Hankiuc.  The  Pacific 
shells  are  probably  conspecific,  suthcient  evidence  being  now  in  our 
possession  that  the  two  oceans  were  united  at  least  as  late  as  the 
Aliocene  epoch*. 

16.  Mitra  funicidata.     Stet. 

17.  Mitra  lens,  M.  .58.5, 

IH.  Mifra  mtclenla.  Closely  resembling  young  sjiecimens  of  the 
Caribbean  M.  gramilnsa. 

19.  Mitra  soJifaria,  C.  B.  AA.-=Zierlianu  s.  Other  specimens 
have  since  been  found  of  this  characteristic  species.  The  "  trans- 
verse ribs"  can  scarcely  be  said  to  be  "obsolete  anteriorly." 

20.  Mitra  tristis  —  SfrigateUa  t.,  M.  586. 

21.  Terehra  elata  =  MiinreIla  e. 

22.  Tereljra  farveeformis  =  Mi/urel/a  I. 

23.  24.  Stent. 

2.5.   Terehra  ti(berculosa^=  MijureJln  t. 

20.  Terehra  varicosa.  This  may  possibly  be  a  very  young  speci- 
men of  Suhuld  V.  ;  but  I  think  it  distinct. 

27-31.  Sp.  ind.  A  specimen  oi  Eurijta  fuUjvrnfa,  M.  4  5.5,  is  in 
the  museum,  as  from  Panama,  but  not  of  Prof.  Adams's  collecting. 

32.   Olica  angulata,  M.  .590. 

*  The  specimens  in  the  Cnmingian  Museum,  named  M.  cterulencmii  at  the  time 
of  the  British  Assoc'ation  Report,  are  now  lahelled  "  impniilla,  H(is.,  .'J-13  fathoms 
sandy  mud,  Panama,  H.  C."  Another  set  of  Pacific  siielli.  (notcli-angle  rounded) 
are  given  as  "  Marginella  n.  s.,  Panama,"  "  San  Domingo"  having  been  erased. 
The  larpe  West  Indian  form  (notch-angle  sharp)  is  given  as  "  cterulescena,  var., 
Lam.,  10  fathoms  sandy  mud,  Panama  "  Another  set  of  large  shells,  with  sharp 
angle,  and  lahrnm  tinted  behind,  is  given  as  "  cierulescerm,  Lara.,  Panama,"  but 
wthout  authority.  The  small  West-Indian  form  (like  the  typical  sapotUla)  is 
given  as  " ylans,  Mke."  Either  in  this,  as  in  other  instances,  error  has  crept  into 
tiie  iocality-marks,  or  else  even  the  distinction  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Redfield  (who 
hts  given  peculiar  study  to  this  genus)  cauuut  be  reiica  ou  tor  sc^aiuiing  the  spe- 

I'l  »  i;.n,'Sr;iphi  ally, 

12  177  ^ 


4       DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

33.  Oliru  (traiieosn  =  0.  nttlcfiersi,  M.  591 .  Prof.  Adams's  shanty 
speciiiKMi  can  scarcely  be  tlistiii|;iii.-lK'(l  tVom  that  wiiich  lie  marked 
"  O.  literatd,  Alabama."  But  the  ordinary  a>|)ect  of  the  shells  O. 
retiailarin  from  the  Caribbean  Islands,  O.  litfrata  from  the  coast  of 
the  Soutbcrn  States,  and  U.  inelchersi  from  the  Pacitic,  is  sutHcieutly 
distinct  (tor  the  genus). 

3J.  Oliva  inconspicua,  C.  B.  \i\.  =  OliveJIa  i.,  M.  .")99.  Some  of 
tlie  shells  lelerred  to  this  species  from  Panama,  Mazailan,  and  Cape 
St.  Lucas  graduate  into  the  Caribl)ean  O.  unjza  ;  otliers^into  dwarf 
forms  of  O.  (/ruci/is.  The  s])ecies  ei  her  needs  revision  from  fresh 
specimens,  or  should  be  merged  into  O.  yrucilis. 

3.5.  Oliva  j)elluciJa,  C.  B.  Ad.  Dead  specimen  ;  differs  from 
OUce/la  p.,  Bve. 

36.  Oliva  jiorphyria.     Stet. 

37.  Oliva  aetiiislriata:=OliveUa  s.  Closely  resembles  O.  colu- 
mellaris. 

'S^.   Oliva  te.'itacea  =  Agnronia  t.,  M.  602. 

39.  Oliva  uiulatella^=Olivella  u.,  M.  ■")9.'j. 

40.  Oliva  renvlata.  This  shanty  specimen  is  O.  angnJnta,  jnn. 
The  O.  vciin/ata,  M.  593,  is  named  by  Prof.  Adams  O  juUetta,  as 
also  by  Mke.  (non  Duel.).  The  true  O.jnlittta  ((Juacomayo,  Mus. 
Smiths.)  is  the  Pacific  "analogue"  of  O .  fmiforni is . 

41.  Oliva  volutella^Olivella  v.  It  is  surprising  that  this  species, 
so  immensely  common  at  Panama  and  up  the  coast,  should  not  reach 
the  Gulf,  and  that  the  equally  common  O.  tergina  of  Mazatlan  and 
O.  yrucilis  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  and  Acapulco  should  be  rare  elsewhere, 
while  the  larger  Olives  are  foiuid  from  Guaymas  to  the  equator. 
O.  (lama  (  =  lineolata,  Gray,  C.  B.  Ad.),  abundant  at  Mazatlan,  was 
bought,  not  collected,  by  the  Professor  at  Panama. 

42  Plat»axis  planicostata.  Stet.  Also  immensely  common  at 
Panama,  though  absent  from  Mazatlan. 

43.  Nassa  canescens,  C.  B.  Ad.  Having  compared  this  unique 
specimen  with  P.  50,  q.  v.,  I  can  speak  to  their  complete  identity. 
The  "pale  grey"  of  the  "interspaces"  is  due  to  the  shell  being 
dead. 

44,  45.  Stent. 

46.  Nassa  gemimilosa=^^l.  631,  exactly. 

47.  Stet. 

48.  Nassa  luteostoma=-^l.  623. 

49.  Aassa  noJifera.     Also  found  at  Guaymas. 

50.  Nassa  pagodus,  C.  B.  Ad.  {-{- N.  canescens,  P.  '1,"^)  »« /V. 
(?  nagodus,  var.)  acuta,  ^L  625.  It  is  certainly  the  N.  decussata 
ol  K.ien.,  but  probably  not  of  Lam.  Whether  it  is  the  Trifun  pago- 
dus cf  Rve.  I  am  still  unable  to  say,  the  type  being  apparently  lost. 
We  a;e  bound  to  suppose  that  Mr.  Reeve  could  not  mistake  so  de- 

ITJi 


Dn.  p.  p.  C  VIIPENTER  ON  TtlK  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.  ■> 

ciJcd  a  Xas\(i  tor  ci  Triton  ;  so  that  if  I^amiirck's  is  a  similar  Easle  '\ 
species,  the  West  American  may  stand  as  X.  acuta. 

al.  Xassa  panamensis,  C.  B.  Ad.  The  Professor  ri!;htly  mar'.v.'.l 
his  dupHcates  "exilis,  Pws."  This  al)undaiit  sliell,  haviiiu  a  Pisa- 
noid,  not  a  Nassoid  opercnhim,  ))robal)ly  belongs  to  P/tos,  Xurthio, 
or  some  genus  not  yet  ehnifnated.  A'.  oLsuleta,  Say,  has  a  similar 
operculum,  and  appears  nearly  related. 

52.  Xassa  proximo.  The  unicjue  specimen  appears  to  be  an  ex- 
treme form  ot  A',  versicolor,  P.  .55. 

53.  Xassa  1  scabriuscula,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  P\vs.)  =  A^.  complauata, 
Pws. :  V.  P.  56. 

54.  X^'assa  striata,  C.  B.  Ad.  The  two  type  specimens,  one  young, 
the  other  adult,  both  belong  to  a  variety  of  versicolor.  The  phrase, 
"  last  whorl  spirally  canaliculate  on  the  left  side,"  simply  expresses 
the  ordinary  character  of  Xassa.  The  specimens  in  Mus.  Cuming., 
h  jwever,  from  another  source,  ditlcr  somewhat  in  the  nucleus  from 
the  small  form  of  X.  versicolor.  These  =  A.  yjrtw^tfra,  Gld.,  teste 
Cuming,  and  should  take  that  name. 

55.  Xassa  versicolor,  C.  B.  Ad.,  M.  (i.'32.  The  revolving  striae 
vary  so  greatly  in  this  species,  as  well  as  the  size,  obesity,  and  colour, 
that  it  is  hard  to  assign  its  limits.  The  specimens  marked  versicolor 
by  the  Professor  \ary  much  more  among  themselves  than  the  ex- 
treme ones  do  from  his  proxtma  and  striata.  The  apex  and  early 
whorls  of  each  are  exactly  the  same  under  the  microscope.  It  is  pos- 
sible that  the  uuique  crebristriata,  M.  (333,  is  also  an  extreme  variety. 

56.  X'assa  wilsoni  appears  to  be  only  a  dwarf  form  of  P.  53, 
N.  complanata. 

57.  Buccinttm  crassum=Phos  c. 

58.  Buccimim  distortum^=Clavella  d. 

59.  Buccinum  i)isiffne= Pisajiia  i.,  M.  659. 

60.  Buccinum  luguhre,  C.  B.  Ad.  The  Professor  marked  this  shell 
on  his  card  "  J/M/-e.r  ?  ?  "  ;  then  '■'  FususV  ;  then  ^' Fusus  noUu- 
losus.  Ad.,  n.  s.";  then  "  Buccinum  {'.}  Iiii/ubre,  Ad.,  n.  s.";  so  that 
the  old  genera  were  sometimes  as  badly  detined  as  the  new  ones.  It 
may  rank  with  Pisania. 

6 1 .  Buccinum  pagodns  =  Pisania  p. 

62.  Buccinum  pristis  =  Xorthia  serrata, 

63.  Buccinum  rinyens=  Pisania  r.,  M.  6G3. 

64.  Buccinum  san(/uinolentum= Pisania  s.,  M.  662. 

65.  Buccinum  stimpsonianum=Xassa  st. 

66.  Dolium  ringens=Malea  r. 

67.  Monoceros  brevidentatnm.  This  species,  very  common  at 
Prt'iama,  has  been  transported  over  (nut  tiiron^Iij  the  Pacitic,  to  Suu 
Fraucisco  and  Mo.ueiey  .  v.  P  pige  75. 

179 


G  EH.  r.  r.  CARPENTFR  ON  TIIF.  SIIEIXS  OF  PANAMA. 

(58.  Monoceros  cingtilattiTn  =  Levcozoma  c,  IM.  .")83. 

<i9.  Purpura  caro!ensis=P.  triavgularig,  M.  608. 

/O  riirjmrn  foreol(ita=^Cvmn  costafa,  M.  CIO,  probphly;  but  the 
markiiifrs  have  been  too  much  obliterf  led  to  decide  with  confidence. 

71.  Vvrpura  Aiosqinfort)us=  Cimia  Jc ,  M.  C09.  There  are  in 
the  collection  three  sliells,  labelled  by  the  Professor  "P.  jnirpvroirlea 
{Fusvs),  Orb.,  Panama"  =  Pisanin  iT orhiywji,  Rve.  ?so  authority 
is  given,  and  they  probably  came  from  Peru. 

72.  Piirpvra,  sp.  ind.  This  shell  is  not  to  be  found.  It  has 
probablv  been  put  with  the  last,  of  which  it  is  no  doubt  a  variety  : 
V.  M.  p'.  482. 

73.  Purpura  tnelo.    Stet. 

74.  Purpura  osculans  appears  to  be  the  young  of  Phizocheilus 
nux,  IVI.  611  ;  of  which  7?.  clistans,  Cpr.,  and  probably  R.  calif or- 
nicus,  A.  Ad.,  are  only  varieties. 

75.  Purpura  tecta=^Cuma  t. 

76.  Purpura  undata=^P.  liserialis,  M.  606. 

77.  Cofumbe/la  atramentaria=Anachi8  a. 

78.  Columhella  hicannlifera=StrGmhina  b. 

79.  CoJumbeUa  boivinii.  This  species  must  rank  with  (Jnachis 
or)  Euyina*,  the  operculum  being  Pisanoid. 

80.  Columbella  conspicua  =  Anachis  c. 

81.  Columbella  cosfellata,  C  B.  A(l.=A7iachia  sealarina,  Shy., 
M.  64.1  ;  not  J.  cosfellata,  Sby.,  M.  646. 

82.  Columbella  climinuta=Anac/iis  d. 

83.  ColumbeUa  dorsuta=^Strombina  d. 

84.  Columbella fiuctuata= Anachis fi. 

85.  Columbella  fulva=  Anachis /.,  M.  648. 

86.  ColumbeUa  fuscat a,  M.  617.  The  small  var.  is  C.  festival 
Kien. 

87-   Columbella  gibberula  =  Strombina  g. 

88.  Columbella  gracilis= Anachis  y. 

89.  Columbella  guttata=Ailidella  cribraria,  M.  613. 

90.  91,  92.  Stent. 

93.  Columbella  lyrata  =  Anachis  I 

94.  Columbella  majo),  M.  6\o. 

95.  Columbella  modtsla=^7'rvvcaria  m.  It  might  be  convenient 
to  leave  this  genus  as  arranged  by  Messrs.  H.  and  A.  Ad.  Mr. 
Henry  Adams  desires  to  restrict  it  to  the  type  species,  in  which 

*  Of  the  shells  calif d  Tiy  Frc ndi  miOii.rs  Scmi-Eicmvta.  tlirse  v  itli  a  rurpnrnid 
operciitiin  may  be  rctaitird  as  Sistrhvi.  vliilp  ilKi>e  witli  I'lsaiioid  o^-eicuiuu 
should  be  removed  as  Enyina,  with  ^inoc/iix,  to  the  Muricitiee. 

180 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.  7 

case  this  and  similar  species  must  be  moved  to  Xi/ii/f/lu,  it"  the  n|ier- 
culum  be  (as  is  [iresunied)  Piirpuroid ;  or  to  Jmijclu,  it  Nassoid. 

96.   Coluwhella  mopsta  =  Anachis  m. 

97     ColvmieUa  niyricans=  Anachis  n. 

9S.  Ciihimhella  porva.  This  appears  to  be  only  a  dead  specimen 
of  C.  pi/f/mfca,  P.  IKU. 

99.  CohiniheHa  j))ilchrior  is  probably  a  Nitidella. 

100.  Colnnihella  pyijmcea=^Anachis p.fM.    O.il. 

Hll.  Cohivihvlln  ni;iosn=Avnchis  r.  Tliis  appears  to  be  the 
cnmmone.>t  and  most  variable  sjiecies  of  the  genus.  The  typical 
specimens  are  somewhat  stumpy,  with  stout  knobs.  Then  the  knobs 
pass  into  long,  compressed  ridges,  and  iinally  chautte  into  narrow 
bars.  These  are  wide  apart,  or  close,  or  nearly  evanescent  on  the 
back.  The  shape  passes  from  the  stumpy  to  an  acuminate  form 
like  costellata.  Some  adults  are  more  than  twice  the  size  of  others; 
but  the  same  variations  are  found  in  both  extremes.  The  colours 
are  generally  laid  on  in  patches  on  the  knobby  specimens ;  m  fine 
flames,  on  the  smoother  ones.  In  all  varieties,  it  is  known  from 
Jiuctvata  bv  the  spiral  striae  over  the  whole  surface ;  and  from  vuiiu 
by  the  shoulder,  more  or  less  developed  into  a  keel,  on  the  whorls  of 
the  spire. 

102.   ColumbeJIa  stromhiformis,  M.  616. 

10.3.  Columbella  tesselluta,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  G&&\i.)=^Anachis gua- 
temalensis,  live. 

104.  Columbella  turrita  =  Stronibina  t. 

105.  Columbella  varia  =  A/iachis  v. 

106.  Columbella  sp.  ind.  is  the  young  of  a  species  in  Mus. 
Cuming.,  resembling  harpo'/ormis. 

107    Ricinula  carbonaria  =  Engina  c. 

108.  Ricinula  juyosa  may  be  an  Ent/ina,  but  has  more  the  aspect 
of  the  Pacific  group  Peristerida. 

109.  Ricinula  reei'iana=Engina pulchra,  Rve. 

110.  Cassis  abbreviata=^Bezoardica  a.  On  comparing  a  large 
series  of  specimens  from  Cape  St.  Lucas  with  a  similar  series  of  C. 
injiata  from  Tc^ias,  I  was  unable  to  discover  any  specific  differences. 
It  varies  greatly,  from  each  ocean,  in  painting,  sculpture,  height  of 
spire,  &c. 

111.  Cassis  coarcfaia=Levenia  c 

112,113,  114(  =  M.4S0),  115,  116(=:M.  481),  1 17,  118*(  =  M. 
476),  119*  (  =  M.  477),  120  (  =  M.  475),  121,  122  (  =  M.  381, 
galeatus),  123  (  =  M.  449),  124  (=M.  448),  125.  Stent. 

*  Having  now  examined  a  large  number  of  specimens  of  these  two  forms,  I 
have  no  hesitation  whatever  in  regarding  Comix  regalitatis  as  simply  a  variety  of 
C.  purpurascens.  Similar  difi'aeiices  may  be  ob!>er\ed  iu  com[)ariiig  large  sexxes 
of  almost  all  Cones,  *  .  _  ^ 

lol 


S       DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

126.  Trifon  cfif)nnif;ii=.lri/(,fjiiccf/"im  nofloaum,  yi.  5H{).  These 
■ilulis  are  siuall  and  tiiriettd.  TIiom-  i'rot.  Adams  inarki'd  "  T.  viii- 
yalaliiiii,  Lain  ,  E.  Indies,"  are  much  more  like  the  Mazatlau  shtlls. 

12".  Triton  congfn'c(ua=Distnifio  c.  The  specimens  of  this 
irionp  from  the  I'acitic  Coast,  from  the  Gulf  of  Ale.vico,  aiid  Irvm 
the  Cliina  Seas  are  very  dilHcult  tochscriminnte. 

128.  Triton  fusoiiles.  This  unique  and  very  elegant  shell  can 
scarcely  be  called  a  Triton,  even  of  the  Epidromus  type.  It  may 
pcihajts  rank  with  Eufhria,  but  is  peculiar  iu  possessing  a  distinct 
anterior  siims,  near  the  canal,  like  Rostellaria. 

129,  130,  131,  132*,  133,  134*,  135.  Stent. 

I  j6.   Murex  cluhius=iMuricidea  duhia,  M.  673. 

137.  Murex  erosHs=Muricidea  e. 

13S.  Murex  radix  =  P/i)///nnotus  r.  The  Professor's  ppocimens 
of  this  species  are  remarkal.ly  fine,  more  nearly  resemblina;  the  Gulf 
tiiijritus  than  the  heavy  stumpy  shells  nsuallv  seen.  His  vona^ 
s|>ecimens  are  heavier,  but  more  turreted,  than  the  yonns:  niyrttiis. 
The  opercula  appear  to  have  fewer  frills ;  but  such  differences  may 
be  due  only  to  station.  The  sjiecimens  he  marked  ambiyuus  (with- 
out locality)  belong  to  the  typical  7ii(/rifus.  Phijllonotus  radix  and 
iiifjritii,'^  graduate  into  each  other  almost  as  freely  as  the  latter  does 
into  ambiguus:  v.  M.  CGO. 

13f,.  Murex  rectirnsfris.  This  and  kindred  species  run  into  each 
other  too  closely,  when  adult,  to  speak  with  any  confidence  ou  so 
young  a  specimen  in  ijad  condition. 

140.  Murex  recurvirostris.  This  specimen  is  also  far  too  imper- 
fect to  affiliate:  v.  M.  (j()5. 

J41.  Murex  regius^PhijUonotus  r.,  M.  C70. 

142.  Murex  salehrosus=Vitularia  «.,  M.  612.  The  curious  group 
of  Muricoid  Purpurids  culminates  on  the  West  American  shores.  It 
is  represented  in  the  north  temperate  regions  by  Cerastomn,  on  the 
warmer  shores  by  Chorus,  and  in  the  tropical  regions  by  Vitularia. 
The  Lower  Californian  Murex  belcheri,  Hds.,  belongs  to  the  group. 
Dr.  Alcock  (who  has  succeeded  the  late  Capt.  Brown  as  Curator  of 
the  Manchester  Natural  History  Museum)  has  pointed  out  very  well- 
marked  physiologic.ll  distinctions  between  the  two  fomilies,  which 
are  coordinate  with  the  differences  iu  the  opercula. 

*  Dr.  Gray  (Guide  to  MoUusca,  pp.  39,  42)  leaves  the  round-variced  Ranellids, 
as  Aji'llon,  in  the  Tritonidtp,  "  operc.  annular,  nucleus  subapical,  witiun  the 
apex;  but  removes  the  sharp-variced  species,  as  Ranella,  to  the  Ca-ssididce,  and 
figures  the  operculum  like  Bezoarrlica,  "  half-ovate,  nucleus  central,  lateral,  in- 
ternal." The  operculum  of  R.  c<Hata,  No.  132,  is  almost  identical  v^'ith  Murex, 
and  the  shell  accords  with  Apollon;  but  R.  nitida,  No.  134,  which  has  very  sharp 
varices,  has  its  operculum  widely  removed  from  Bezoardica.  It  is  closely  related 
tn  that  of  Cerasloma,  Rhizocheilun,  and  some  of  the  Ocinfbrce;  nucleus  near  the 
anterior  end  of  the  labruin  ;  labral  portions  of  the  annular  layers  eroded  ;  scar  as 
iu  I'urpunds,  with  about  tliiee  roughly  angular  ridges  of  growth. 

182 


DR.  P.  V.  CAKITNTrU  ON   THE  i>HELLS  OF  PANAMA.  » 

1-13.  Ml/rex  vilirx.  Tliis  Peruvian  species  also  probably  belongs 
to  the  Piir|iiin(l  group. 

141.  Mil  rex  vittafiix=:Muricn/ea  v. 

l-ir>.  (  =  M.  fuiH),  I  J(i  (  =  .M.  57')).     Stent. 

1-1".  FiisiiM  hi'llii.s,  C.  B.  .\d.  Tliis  is  a  pretty  little  sliell,  rcsem- 
blini;  a  yoiinir  Mffuhi,  and  is  prol)al)ly  one  of  tlie  species  assigned 
witii  doubt  to  that  genus,  M.  (il!)-()'J2,  orto  Fiisus,  M.  (i  12.  I  should 
erase  tiie  words,  "some  of  whieh  are  varicoid"  (referring  to  tiu'  ra- 
diating ril)s},  as  my  glass  did  not  enable  ine  to  deteet  a  single  one. 

1-lS.  Fiisciolaria  j/innnsn.  A  minute  specimen  is  of  the  size  and 
general  appearance  of  the  fry  of  C/iri/so/omus  antiquiis,  with  one  and 
a  half  irregular  nuclear  whorls.  An  adult  has  its  operculum  broken 
and  mended  tVoiu  a  snlieentral  nucleus — a  mode  of  proceeding  whicli 
I  liave  now  observed  in  such  a  multitude  of  sjiecies  belonging  to  dif- 
ferent families  of  i'mboscidifers  and  Toxifers  that  I  vt-nture  to  assign 
it  as  the  original  type  of  their  opercnla,  from  which  the  .special 
iamily  lorms  are  moditicatious  of  high  develo])ment.  Of  the  spiral 
Rostrifers  there  is  not  yet  sutlieient  evidence  to  speak*. 

149.   TurLiHella  cffstiis,  "S\.  581. 

l.")0.   Tiirbinella  cnsfartea  =  Latirus  c.  ■ 

lal.   Turblnella  cerata=^ Latirus  c,  M.  5S2. 

\'yl.   Tiirljiiiellii  riidis=^ Latirus  r. 

153.   Turfjine/la  spaf/icea=  Latirus  s. 

l.o4.  Caiicellaria  affinis.  Very  closelv  allied  to  C.  urcpolata, 
M.  445. 

155,  15(i,  157(  =  :\r.  44fi),  158,  159.  Stent. 

160.  Cancellaria  liyijmcRa  is  simply  a  young  specimen  of  C.  f<;- 
niostoma,  no.  157. 

161,  Wl.  Stent. 

163.  Plevrotoma  aterrima^Dri'fin  a. 

164.  PU'urotoma  atrior.  This  is  a  fine  specimen,  not  quite  ma- 
ture in  the  lip,  of  Drillia  aterrima,  var.  melchersi,  M.  461. 

165.  Pleurotoma  bicanalifcra^^Clathurella  h. 

166.  Pleurutoina  conaris=Drif[ia  u. 

167.  Pleurotoma  concinna=Cithara  c. 

168.  Pleurotoma  corruffata=  Drillia  c. 

169.  Pleurotoma  discors= Drillia  d.  Probably  a  finely  developed 
variety  of  aterrima. 

*  When  at  Charleston,  S  C,  I  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  many  very  fine 
specimens  of  tlie  giant  Fasciolarw,  so  seldom  seen  in  this  country,  of  wliich  a 
hroken  apecimen  in  my  collection  measures  20  in.  In  sculpture,  colour,  and 
general  appearance  some  were  so  very  like  F.  princeps,  M.  584,  that  I  wis  tempted 
to  consider  the  latter  a  degraded  ,ocal  vaneiv,  till  £  lannd  the  opeicuium,  ,vhicli 
ig  detititute  oi'  the  singular  grouviiis  of  the  Gulf  species. 

183 


10  1»R.  1'.  I'.  CARPKNI  KR  <IM  TlIK  SHKLLS  OP  PANAMA. 

170.  I'leurotoma  (hiplicat<i=:  hrillia  d. 

171.  PUurctoiiui  ejieurrnu=.i)iiltta  e.  I  cannot  I'lidorsc  this 
and  some  other  determinations  ol"  critical  species  of  Pleurotoniids, 
not  bein|;  able  to  rtniove  the  specimens  for  comparison  with  tNpes. 
Even  the  ty})es  in  Mus.  Cuming,  do  not  always  present  satislaetory 
diagnostic  characters. 

1  72.  I'/eiirotoma  exiyuu=Muii(jelia  e.  I  could  not  discover  "the 
rest  in  pairs." 

1 73.  I'Ifurotomu  ffemmufosa=Man(/elia  g. 

1 74.  Pleurototiia  tjrandiinaculata  =  Drilliu  g. 

17.T.  Pleuroloma  iticrassiifa=:Drillio  i.,  M.  4.")9.  The  collection 
contains  I).  luctuosa,  M.  4(J7,  as  from  Panama,  but  not  of  the  Pro- 
fessor's collecting. 

170.  Pleurotoma  nigerrma  =  DriUia  n. 

177.  Pleurotoma  ofjeliscus=Drillia  o.     Very  worn  and  doubtful, 
17H.  Pleurotoma   olivacea.       Closely    resembles   P.  J'uniculata, 
M.  4.57. 

1 79.  Plcurofoiiia  j)alli<lu  =  DriUia  p, 

180.  PleiirvtoMU  rigUla  =  Cl(ithurella  r. 

181.  Pleurotoma  rudis.  It  is  probable  that  this  is  not  the  true 
Drillui  rudis,  being  distinguished  by  white  spots  on  the  knobs: 
V.  M.  4(30. 

182.  Pleurotoma  riistica  =  Drillia  aterrima,  var.  vtelchersi,  M. 
401.  These  specimens  being  very  worn,  their  specific  identity  with 
P.  164  was  not  recognized  by  the  Professor.  One  shell,  marked 
"  rusfica,  var.,"  may  be  the  true  rustica — a  species  by  no  means 
satisfactorily  distinguished. 

183.  Pleurotoma  striosa=DriUia  s. 

184.  Pleurotoma  zomdata  =  Drillia  2.,  jNI.  463. 

185.  Pleurotoma,  sp.  a.  A  small,  dark,  purple-brown  Mangelia^ 
of  the  leufroyi  type. 

186.  Pleurotoma,  sp.  b.  A  slender,  pure-white,  ribbed  shell; 
probably  a  Cithara. 

187.  Mangelia,  sp.  c.     A  young  Dapknella. 

188.  Mangelia,  sp.  d.  A  very  worn,  black  shell;  with  white, 
knobby  ribs. 

189.  Mangelia,  sp.  e.  A  very  small,  white  shell;  resembling  a 
young  Bela  turricula. 

190.  Mangelia,  sp./.  A  very  small,  white  Drillia,  with  distinct 
posterior  notch ;  spirally  striated,  with  rather  sharp  ribs. 

191.  Mangelia  neglecta.  Of  the  "elevated  spiral  line  on  the 
middle  of  the  whorls  "  I  could  discover  no  trace,  except  of  colour. 
It  is  therefore  probable  that  it  =  Ai.  acuticostuta,  M.  4/3. 

184 


DR.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  the  shells  of  Panama.    II 

192.   MfiiiijpHa  sulcond  is  the  true  Columbella  a   of  Sbv. 

1!).'5.   Cerithinin  (t(liistitin  =  C.  maculosum,  M.  381. 

194.   Cerithinin  assiinilatuin=Ci'rithi()psis  a.,  M-  563.  , 

1 !).').  Ci'fifhiiini  fiimarifiiiatuin  =  Cerifhioi)'^iii  h.  A  gooil  species  ; 
but  I  could  not  detect  tlie  "  iiitiriiiediate  raised  line."  Tlie  apical 
whorls  are  almost  smootli.  The  "prominent  s[)iral  fold"  on  the 
coiuiiu'Ua  is  simply  that  vviiicli  bounds  the  recurved  canal. 

l!Hi.  Cerithinin  faineHfiiin.  Confusion  has  arisen  from  the  Pro- 
fessor having  sent  to  .Mr.  Cuming  as  his  type  a  shell  which  does  not 
answer  to  the  dia<;nosis,  and  which  is  descrilied  as(.'  var.)  mcdioloice, 
M.  3S:,'.  Ten  specimens  are  retained  in  the  Amherst  Museum,  of 
which  cijiht  are  of  the  nnciiinfiiin  type,  =M.  383,  and  two  of  the 
Cuminirian.  C.  unci /i  at  inn,  beinu;  an  old  species,  is  proi)idjly  from 
tlie  Atlantic  or  E.  Indies  :  if  this  should  prove  identical,  the  name 
fuineliciim  must  be  dropped  ;  if  distinct,  retained  for  the  west  coast 
uncinoids,  according  to  the  diagnosis.  After  an  examination  of  a 
large  series  of  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Xantus  at  Cape  St.  Lucas, 
I  am  coiitirnied  in  the  belief  that  the  Cumiugian  shell  is  a  distinct 
species,  which  must  stand  as  C.  mc(lioJ<Kve. 

1!>7.  Cerithiiim  yeiiunntiiiii=^  Rhiiioclavis  ffemmatns,  M.  3S9.  So 
much  confusion  has  arisen  from  raising  specific  names  to  the  generic 
peerage,  that  whenever  a  good  di>tinct  name  has  been  given,  it  ap- 
})ears  best  to  retain  it — the  unbending  rule  of  mere  priority  for  work 
which  is  sometimes  slovenly,  and  therefore  best  forgotten,  notwith- 
standing. 

198.  Cerithium  }  interrupt uin,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  ]\[ke.  =  M.  3S8). 
Great  confusion  has  arisen  from  this  erroneous  determination,  as 
may  be  seen  by  comparing  the  Maz.  Cat.  in  loco  with  the  mono- 
graph of  Sowerby,  jun.,  who  has  redescribed  the  southern,  highly 
sculptured  forms  of  the  true  interruptum  as  C.  gulap<t(jinis, 

198  and  199  are  regarded  by  Messrs.  Cuming  aud  Soworby  as 
varieties  of 

200.  Cerithium  irroratum,  C.  B.  Ad.  (Gld.  ipse  et  MSS.,  non 
Old.  in  Expl.  Kxp.)  =  6'.  stercusmuscarum,  M.  387.  The  aspect  of 
the  Panama  shells  is  so  different  from  that  of  the  Mazatlan  speci- 
mens that  I  did  not  wonder  at  Dr.  Gould's  opinion  that  they  were 
distinct.  lie  was,  however,  misled  in  affiliating  the  former  to  his 
C.  irroratum,  of  which  I  fortunately  discovered  the  figured  type  in 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  which  proves  to  be  (accorduig  to 
Mr.  Cuming)  the  C.  oltesum  of  Sby.  sen.,  from  the  Philippines.  It 
is  fortunate  therefore  that  the  name  may  be  entirely  dropped.  Some 
of  the  sjiecimens  of  no.  198  graduate  sufficiently  closely  to  the  Ma- 
zatlan form;  those  of  no.  199  are  intermediate;  while  those  of 
no.  200  present  a  stronger  but  smaller  shell,  well  armed  with  small 
uodules,  which  are  not  to  be  seen  in  the  fine  Gulf  specimens. 

201.  Cerithium  neylectum  — Cerithiopsis  n. 

202.  Cerithium  pacijicuin.    Stet.     —  -  .    ,^,  . 

1S5 


l**      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTKR  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

203.  Ci'i-ifliiiini  paiipemihim  is  a  good,  new  species  of  ChrijanlJuJn. 
The  Pr()t(.'><-()r  probably  ilid  not  recomiizi'  the  '.'lu'nmitzoul  ajax  nud 
tiie  Udostoinoid  plait.  Tiie  toliovving  altenitioiis  niav  be  made  in 
the  diai;iinsis: — Siiell  pale  oranjje  [not  lioni],  with  six  [not  five] 
keels  on  tlie  spire  ;  spiral  riil^'ej  anteriorly  fainter  [not  obsolete] ; 
apex  sini-tial  [not  acute],  of  three  Palndinoid  whorls,  the  last  large 
in  proportion;  columella  effnse  [not  canaliculated],  with  a  long, 
slender,  slanting  plait. 

204.  Cerithiinn  piilchnim=Centlnilea  p.  A  distinct  and  trulv 
beantit'ul  s]ieeies,  seldom  obtained  l)y  collectors. 

20;j.  Cerithium  reevianum=^Cirithi<lea  montaynei,  M.  394. 

206.  Cerithium  raliihim  =  Cprithi(lea  varicosa,  31.  ^I).").  The 
Southern  sliells,  in  all  their  change-,  present  such  a  difliVrent  asjiect 
from  tiie  (iulf  specimens,  that  lam  incline?  to  regard  the  form  Ma- 
eatlanica  as  distinct,  of  which  (>.  ulhonodosa  may  prove  a  '  urietv. 

20".   Triphoris  alfernotiis,  M.  391. 

205.  Triphoris  iiicoii.spii-itus  is  scarcely  even  a  variety  of  the  last ; 
and  does  not  differ  so  much  as  the  specimens  described  under  the 
same  name,  M.  392. 

209.  Trijihoris  infrcqvens  is  not  the  shell  descril)ed,  under  the 
same  name,  M.  393,  liut  is  tlie  Ci-rifhiojisis  tiiherriiloidps,  M.  'uu. 
It  would  have  been  strange  if  I  had  recognized  the  sliell  from  the 
diagnosis  ;  f<ir  both  of  the  xpecimens  are  Hp.rtral.  The  apex  is  nearly 
smooth.  I  forbear  to  redescribe  nos.  3.92,  393  of  the  .Maz.  Cat., 
as  they  were  separated  principally  in  de'erence  to  Prof.  Adams's 
authority,  until  more  numerous  s|)ecimens  should  have  beo"  examined. 

210.  Turrite//a  bun/isii=T.  yoniostoma,  jun.,  M.  379. 

211.  Ceecum  diinimttum  =  Cfecum  firwatirm,  jun.,  with  numerous 
close  rings.  All  the  Prol'essor's  specimens  of  this  genus  were  dead  ; 
most  of  them  pierced  by  Proboscidifers.  They  fully  confirmed  the 
judgments  I  ventured  to  form  of  them  in  the  Maz.  C'at.  and  in  the 
♦'  Monogiaj)h  of  the  Coecidue,"  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  413  e^  seq. 

212.  Ceecum  ehurTi>'nm  =  C.  Jirmatum.  The  rings  vary  from 
twenty-six  to  thiriy-threc. 

213.  Ceecum  firmattim,  M.  308.  Add  to  the  diagnosis  in  Maz, 
Cat.  p.  320,  last  line,  "  oporculo  vix  concavo,  suturis  minus  f/eji/iitis.'* 

214.  Ceecum  leeve.  The  two  specimens  are  too  worn  for  identifi- 
cation, hut  will  pass  sufficiently  for  the  species  described  under  the 
game  name,  M.  372. 

215.  Ceecum  laqueatnm.  A  good  species  of  the  Elephantulum 
group:  V.  Maz.  Cat.  p.  31"),  and  P.  Z.  S.  loc.  cit.  p.  420. 

216.  Ceecum  monstrosum  =  C.  Jirmatum  in  the  adolescent  stage, 

217.  Ceecum  parvum  turns  out,  as  was  expected,  to  be  =  C  undo- 
turn,  M,  371.     The  unique  specimen  is  stunted  and  dead. 

21S.  Cescum pygmeeum  is  a  small  but  nearly  adult  C.  Jirmatum. 

186 


DU.  P.  V.  CARIMCNTKR  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.  13 

219,   Chemvifzia  arulpiix,  M.  5? I. 

2J'>.  ChpniiiH:iri  (truiiiiiinfa  is  a  true  Cheinnitzia,  and  not  a  Chnj- 
gnllifta,  as  su|i|><)<r(l  in  the  \\r.  Assoc,  llcport,  p.  331.  The  name 
nii-^lends,  as  it  is  a  ])ccMili.ulv  hiMad  species.  The  vertex  consijits  of 
three  I'ahuhiioiil  whorls,  oi'  which  the  apex  is  visihle,  pnijiHlini;  a 
little  beyoml  the  spire.  The  ribs,  instead  of  "  termniixting  abrnptly 
on  the  periphery  of  the  last  whorl,"  become  gradually  evanescent 
tounii  the  base  *.  ' 

221.  Cliemnilzin  affinia.  Comp.  M.  .'i23,  which  was  identified 
from  Mr.  Cumins's  specimen.  The  diagnosis  needs  the  foUowini^ 
corrections  from  the  type.  The  "ribs  terminate  "  not  very  "  abruptly 
at  the  periphery."  Anteriorly  very  finely  striated  [i.ot  "  smooth  "]. 
"^ast  whorl"  not  "  ani;nlar  at  the  periphery."      Base  prolonged. 

■i  prol)ably  the  adult  form  of  my  Cheinnitzifi  vnclnta,  M.  531,  the 
characteristic  fine,  waved,  spiral  strife  having  escaped  the  Professor's 
notice.  The  only  diiierence  is  that  the  ribs  evanesce  more  suddenly 
in  the  Panama  than  in  the  Mazatlan  shell,  which  may  be  due  simply 
to  age. 

222.  Chenmifzia  cinthrattila,  Yiiixt.=  ChrysnUi(la  clafhrafxiJa,  M. 
.513,  which  was  identified  from  the  Cumingian  specimen.  The  spe- 
cimens preser\ed  as  types  contain,  along  with  this  species,  one  of 
ChnjsaUida  comminiis,  one  (almost  certaiidy)  of  Chrijuiillida  cffnsa, 
M.  .tIO,  and  one  o(  Dimkerin  sahangnlafa,  M.  .537.  Some  parts  of 
the  descri|)ti()n  a])pear  taken  from  the  latter  species:  e.  (/.  the  "fivi> 
or  six  "  spiral  lines,  of  which  there  are  only  four  in  the  ChnjsaHidd ; 
and  the  angle  on  the  "upper  part"  of  the  whorls,  which  in  the 
latter  are  well  rounded. 

223.  Chemnitzia  communis,  M.  .507.  This  is  the  type  of  the 
genus  Chrysallifla  :  v.  A!,  pp.  4I(),  420.  Prof.  Adams's  tray  con- 
tains also  one  si)ecimen  of  C/iri/sa//iihi  effiti^a,  M.  .510;  one  of  Vhnjs. 
telescopium,  jNI.  .50S  ;  one  of  Diaikeria  subaityulata,  M.  537;  and 
one  which  may  be  a  variety  of  the  latter,  or  a  distinct  species. 

224.  Chemnitzui  y^ncilior.  The  "  well-impressed  spiral  line"  is 
only  seen  in  some  of  the  whorls. 

225  Chemnitzin  ninjor  belongs  to  the  section  Bunkeria.  I  counted 
eighteen  (not  twenty-tour)  ribs. 

226.  Chemnitzia  maryinatn  is  a  good  species  of  ChrysaUida  ;  but 
I  could  not  find  the  "  spiral,  compressed  ridge." 

227  Chemnitzia  panamerisis,  M.  518.  I  counted  twenty -four 
(not  twenty-seven)   ribs.     The  tray  also  contains  one  specimen  of 

*  As  several  errors  are  here  pointed  out  in  the  diagnoses  of  small  shells,  it  is 
right  to  state  that  I'rof.  Adams  had  luit  tlie  advantage  of  a  microscope  during  a 
considerahle  portion  of  tlie  work  ;  nor  was  the  instrument  a  good  one  when  oli- 
tained.  Moreover  tlie  incessant  demands  on  his  attention  as  Professor  of  Astro- 
uomy  a'ld  .Matiiematies,  as  well  as  of  Natural  History,  and  his  duties  as  State 
Geologist  of  Vermont,  did  not  leave  him  nuich  time  for  original  research.  What 
he  accomplished  during  his  short  life  is  marvellous.  Hail  that  life  heen  sjiared  to 
revise  his  works,  the  uccci^u^  iui  uns  irieudly  criticiism  wuuld  uot  ha\tt  iU'uea. 

187 


14  DR.  P.  P.  CARPF.NTEU  OX  TUT   PHTLLS  OF  PANAMA, 

Ch.  C-D-.-iifniiisii,  M.  51!),  with  strai'^^ht  nil)s  ;  and  one  with  spiral 
soiiljjture,  wiiioh  may  belong  to  C7i.  yracilliiiia,  M.  530,  but  wants 
the  produced  apex. 

22S.  Chemnifzia  sirnUit.  This  speries  most  nearly  resembles 
arufetts,  but  is  broader,  larger,  and  wiili  more  ribs,  of  which  I  counted 
iVom  twenty  to  twenty-two  (not  twelity-six).  I  should  not  call  tiie 
whorls  "convex."  They  are,  however,  more  romuled,  and  the  base 
is  more  produced,  than  in  the  shell  called  "  1  simi/is,"  M.  ol'O,  which 
is  perhaps  a  variety  of  panamennis. 

229.  Chemiiifzia  striosa.  The  early  whorls  are  very  slender. 
The  spiral  striae  are  on  the  tops  of  the  ribs,  ot'  which  1  counted  from 
twonty-four  to  thirty-two  (instead  of  "about  forty"). 

230.  Chemnitzia  turrita.  This  species  includes  the  "  Rissoa, 
5p.  ind."  no.  251. 

23 1 .  ?  Littorina  angiosto7na  is  a  Fossarus. 

232.  Littorina  aspera,  ^I.  39".  The  Mazatlan  jjcriwinkles,  being 
in  good  condition,  divide  themselves  very  naturaily  into  t'.ree 
.species.  The  Panama  specimens,  being  generally  eroded,  are  not  so 
easily  dealt  with.  Ot  Prof.  Adams's  sj)ecimens  here  retained,  the 
majority  belong  to  aspera,  altliough  several  of  the  smaller  ones  are 
pliilifipii,  M.  39S.  The  young  appear  to  be  of  both  species  mixed. 
The  "  variety  "  consists  of  the  abnormal  tall  specimens  of  conspersa, 
M.  396,  vvith  a  few  very  large  p/ii/ippii  intermixed. 

233.  Littorina  atrata.  This  abundant  little  shell  is  a  Fossarus, 
of  which  the  Professor's  lAdeorbis  abjecta,  no.  257,  is  a  more  ad- 
vanced form.  It  is  possible  that  one  of  the  Fossari  described  in 
Maz.  Cat.,  nos.  4U4,  405,  may  be  conspecific  ;  but  among  the  mul- 
titude of  specimens  I  could  not  find  one  with  the  nuclear  whorls 
sufficiently  perfect  to  decide.  Tiie  shells  vary  extremely  iu  shape 
nnd  sculpture. 

234.  Littorina  conspersa,  M.  396.  Smaller  and  generally  more 
stumpy  than  the  Mazatlan  shells,  but  containing  a  few  specimens  of 
the  same  extreme  forms. 

235.  ?  Littorina  excavata= Fossarus  e. 

236.  Littorina  faseiata,  M.  400.  The  specimens  of  this  species 
and  of  L.  varia  graduate  rather  closely  towards  each  other. 

237.  1  Littorina  foveatn.  A  good  species  of  Fossarus.  Read, 
**Last  whorl  angular"  at  the  umbilicus  [not  "  below  the  middle"]. 

238.  ?  Littorina  megasoma.  This  is  also  a  good  species  of  FoS' 
earus.  The  Professor  was  doubtful  whether  to  refer  these  forms  to 
Littorina  or  to  Narica. 

239.  Littorina  1  parvula,  C.  B.  Ad.  This  is  not  Philippi's  L. 
parvula,  but  is  a  dwarf  form  of  the  L.  jihilippii,  M.  398.  The  Pro- 
fessor suggests  the  name  L.  dubiosa  tor  this  sufficiently  well-marked 
species  ;  but  as  he  catalogued  and  distributed  his  specimens  under 
'I parvula,  aud  kept  others  under  aspera,  it  may  be  best  to  retain 

188 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.  15 

the  name  philippii  under  which  it  has  been  very  extensivelv  ctr»*-- 
lated. 

240.  Littorina  pulchra.     A  very  rare  species,  belonging  (vritii 
fasciata  and  varia)  to  the  Meluraphe  group. 

241.  Littorina  puncticulatu.  This  Is  the  normal  state  of  L.  con* 
tpena  :  v.  M.  39f). 

242.  Littorina  varia  :  v.  note  on  P.  2.36. 

24.'?.  Rissoa  clandestina.  Three  specimens  appear  of  this  spetit? 
o{  Rissnina,  closely  resembling  R.  wootfwirdii,  M.  410,  but  with 
more  ribs,  and  not  displaying  the  intercostal  striulse. 

244.  Rissoa  finnata.  Another  species  of  Rissoina,  resembling 
R.  strict  (I,  M.  408,  but  smaller.  Tiie  Professor  did  not  observe 
the  fine  spiral  sculj)ture,  as  described  in  no.  2.")0  ;  q.  v. 

24.5.  Rissoa  fort  is.  A  good  species  of  Rissoina,  differing  from 
R.jamts  in  the  absence  of  spiral  punctures. 

240.  1  Rissoa  inconspicua,  C.  B.  Ad.,  nou  Alder.  The  name 
being  preoccupied,  it  is  fortunate  that  the  unicjue  shell  proves  iden- 
tical with  Alcania  tumida,  M.  414.  I  found  twenty  (not  "twelve 
or  fourteen  ")  ridges,  which  are  not  "obsolete,"  but  become  fainter 
anteriorly.     The  two  upper  whorls  are  very  finely  cancellated. 

247.  Rissoa  infrequena.  The  unique  specimen  of  this  Rissoina 
is  too  much  worn  for  description.  It  has  more  than  the  sixteen  ribs  ; 
and  the  diagnostic  marks  must  be  received  with  caution. 

248.  Rissoa  janus.  The  description  of  this  Rissoina  is  drawTi 
from  a  very  small,  dead,  broken  specimen,  from  which  the  sculpture 
is  almost  entirely  worn  away.  The  "  var.  a"  should  be  considered 
as  the  tyj)e,  being  in  perfect  condition,  and  the  diagnosis  be  altered 
as  follows  : — The  "fine  crowded  spiral  striae"  are  seen  all  over,  as 
are  also  the  "ribs,"  which  on  each  whorl  "appear  as  striae,"  and 
are  not  "obsolete  near  the  periphery."  The  diagnostic  character  is 
that  the  spiral  striae  are  composed  of  rows  of  minute  dots. 

249.  Rissoa  notahilis.  After  drawing  this  \uiique  shell  carefully 
under  the  microscope,  and  making  copious  notes  on  the  diagnosis 
from  the  specimen,  an  untoward  cough  lodged  it  among  the  meshes 
of  the  Curator's  carpet,  whence  I  endeavoured  in  vain  to  extricate  it. 
This  unfortunate  accident  is,  however,  the  less  to  be  regretted,  as  I 
caa  state  with  perfect  confidence  that  it  was  exactly  identical  with 
another  siiell  iu  t\\e  collection,  P.  2aJ,  q.  v.  ;  and  with  M.  498, 
Parthenia  quinquecincta.  The  "  concave  summits  "  of  the  ril)s  imply 
that  the  ribs  are  sharp,  with  concave  interstices  ;  and  the  "upper 
keel  "  is  simply  due  to  the  angulation  of  the  whorls.  Though  tHe 
lip  was  bioken,  the  columellar  plait,  as  well  as  the  sinistral  apex, 
esr,aped  the  Professor's  notice. 

250.  Rifisoa  scalariformis.  This  unique  specimen  is  simply  the 
young  of  Rissoina  Jirmata,  P.  244;  and  probably  =;  Rissoina  sp. 
ind.  M.  409.  ^gg 


IB  DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

251.  /?woc/,  sp.  iiid.  This  is  a  broken  specimen  of  Chemnitaa 
turrita,  P.  230. 

2x2.  1  Ciiigula  inconspicun.  This  unfortunate  name,  liable  to  be 
cont'ounded  with  Ri^soa  incnnnpicua,  Alder,  and  IRitssoa  incon.spicvn, 
C.  B.  Ad.,  will  not  be  needed,  as  the  type  belongs  to  another  sub- 
order, and  =^  ChnjsdIUda  oculuin,  M.  olJ.  The  Professor  did  not 
observe  its  close  relationship  with  his  Chemnitzia  communis. 

253.   Cinyula  paitpercula,  C.  B.  Ad.     A  good  species. 

2.')4.  ICingnta  terehelhim  =  Parfhenia  exaruta,  M.  501.  Although 
I  took  every  pains,  in  preparing  the  Maz.  C'at.,  to  identify  Prof, 
Adams's  specie;*,  I  was  not  prepared,  in  the  writings  of  so  careful  a 
naturalist  who  had  devoted  special  attention  to  the  minute  species, 
to  find  a  Pyramidellid  under  Trochidae,  es[iecially  with  the  mark 
"  apex  subacute."  The  finding  of  a  more  perfect  .\Iazatlan  specimen 
enables  me  to  add  to  the  diagnosis: — *' vertice  nuclfoso  parvo,  satis 
extante,  decliviter  sitn;  interstitiis  carinarum  transversim  ruyulusis; 
labro  solidiore.     Long.  •087,  long.  spir.    057,  lat.  "Oob." 

255.  1  Cit)(/ula  turrita  (  +  P.  249,  Itisson  n()fabiH>i)  =  Parfhpnia 
quinquecincta,  M.  -498.  When  a  shell  is  described  under  two  genera 
in  the  same  sheet,  the  advocates  of  unbendiiig  priority  will  find  it 
difhcult  to  decide.  As  each  name  belongs  to  a  widely  removed 
family,  that  last  giveu  is  at  least  the  most  correct  and  distinctive. 

25G.  1  Litiopa  saxicola.  The  Professor  states  that  this  "shell 
has  the  appearance  of  a  Litiopa ;"  but  it  wants  both  the  peculiar 
nucleus  and  the  semitruncated  columella ;  Jilso  that  the  "  labium 
has  a  distinct  deposit,"  of  which  I  could  not  see  any  trace  in  either 
of  the  specimens.     It  is  probably  a  t'ingula. 

257.  1  Adeorbis  abjecta.  This  is  the  adult  form  of  the  shell,  of 
which  P.  233,  Littorina  atrata,  is  the  young.  The  strise  are  seen  on 
the  lower  as  well  as  the  "upper  part  of  the  whorls."  The  umbili- 
cus, though  "small"  for  an  Adeorbis,  is  rather  large  for  a  Fossarus, 
to  which  genus  the  species  undoubtedly  belongs. 

258.  Vitrinella  concinna.  I  could  not  find  the  "  more  or  less 
distinct  ridge  between  the  first  two  keels." 

259.  Vitrinella  exiffua  =  yi.  305.  The  omissions  in  the  Pro- 
fessor's diagnoses  of  this  and  other  species,  being  supplied  in  the 
Maz.  Cat.,  need  not  be  repeated  here:  v.  M.  pp.  236-247. 

2G0.  Vitrinella  j anus.  The  Professor  does  not  mention  the  fifth 
keel,  which  bounds  the  umbilicus,  and  within  which  are  the  "  minute 
spiral  striae."  The  "  transverse  striae "  are  strong  between  keels 
2,  3,  and  4  ;  faint  between  4  and  5,  and  between  1  and  2  ;  and  eva- 
nescent near  the  suture.  . 

261.  Vitrinella  niinuta.  The  original  type  of  this  species  accords 
better  with  Ethalia  than  with  Teinostoma,  to  which  I  had  referred 
the  Cumiugian  type. 

2G2.   ViirincL'a  modesta.  The  "  modesty  "  of  this  unique  shell  is 

190 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  OS  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.  17 

coordinate  with  considerable  attrition,  ami  an  umbilicus  tilb'd  with 
dirt.  It  a[)peared  to  me  rei^ularly  rounded,  witiiout  any  ke .1.  The 
"few  spiral  striae"  are  probably  the  remains  of  what  oace  covered 
the  whole  surface. 

203.   Fitrinella  pana)nensts=M.  295, 

26-4.   Vitrinella  parva=^\\.  296, 

26.5.  Vitrinella  perparva—\L  304.  The  coronation  of  the  upper 
keel  is  seen  (though  not  described)  in  the  type  si)eci'nen. 

266.  Vitrinella  regularis.  The  unicpie  shell  can  hai-dly  be  called 
"  subdiscoidal,"  since  the  '*  spire  is  convex,  moderately  elevated. 

I  could  not  find  the  "impressed  spiral  line."    It  belongs  to  Ethalia. 

267.  Vitrinella  seminuda.  The  unique  type  of  this  species  also 
is  much  worn.  I  could  not  discover  the  "  minute  strife  of  growth." 
Beneath,  there  are  five  spiral  lira;,  and  a  few  spiral  striae  near  the 
mouth.  The  umbilical  region  and  the  base  have  tine  radiating  distant 
striae.     It  comes  nearest  to  V.  carinulata,  M.  309,  but  is  distinct. 

268.  Vitrinella  tricarinnta.  This  unique  type  is  also  worn. 
The  spiral  keels  are  scarcely  "  prominent,"  that  on  the  periphery 
being  decidedly  faint.  The  "  transverse  striae  "  are  between  the 
suture  and  the  nearest  rib.     The  umbilical  striaj  are  very  faint. 

26!).  Vitrinella  vulvatoides.  This  species  probably  belongs  to 
Ethalia.  Beside  the  keels,  there  are  three  ol)soleie  spiral  lirae — two 
on  the  base,  and  one  above  the  periphery.  Tlie  umbilicus  is  bounded 
by  a  long,  thin  callosity,  which  gives  a  character  to  the  shell  inter- 
mediate between  the  two  genera. 

2/0.  Solarium,  sp.  ind.  a.  Of  the  form  represented  by  this 
species  and  the  next  I  have  been  able  to  examine  a  large  number  of 
specimens  collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas  by  Mr.  Xantus,  and  in  the 
Gulf  of  .Mexico.  I  know  of  no  mark  bv  which  to  distinguish  the 
shells  from  the  two  oceans.  From  each  locality  they  vary  greatly 
in  the  size  of  the  umbilicus,  and  in  the  strength  of  sculpture,  number 
of  knobs,  &c.  I  should  consider  them  all  as  varieties  of  .S'.  yranii- 
latiim.  Lam.  S.  qaailriceps,  lids.,  appears  distinct,  though  it  may 
only  be  an  extreme  variety. 

271.  Solarinm,  sp.  ind.  b.  This  contains  the  specimens  with 
coarser  scul[)ture  than  the  last. 

2/2.  Solarium,  sp.  ind  c.  This  is  a  distinct  species  of  Torinia, 
having  the  size  and  general  aspect  of  Helix  rotundata. 

273.  Trochus  cateniiliitiis:=  Modulus  c,  M.  401. 

274.  Trochus  coronulatHs=-Oinj)halius  c.  This  species  reappears 
at  Cape  St.  Lucas,  and  is  closely  allied  to  O.  liyulatus,  M.  293. 

27.5.  Trochus  leanus^=Calliostoma  I.  This  distinctive  generic 
name  is  strongly  to  be  preferred  to  the  sptcitic  Ziziphinus. 

276.  T'orhus  lima.  This  shell  exactly  accoras  witli  Calliosfuma 
antouii,  Koch,  in  Mus.  Cumiiig. 

191 


18  DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  S«ELLS  OF  PANAMA, 

277.  Trochus  liridus  =  Modulus  discvlus,  ]\I.  403. 

278.  Trochus  panamensis=^  Omphalius  p.  A  good  species,  thonc^h 
Apparently  very  rare  ;  for  I  had  the  pleasure  of  adding  it  to  the 
(Jumingian  collection. 

279.  Trochus  peUis-serpentis=  Tegula  p. 

280.  Trochus  reticulatus^=  Omphalius  riridiilus,  M.  292.  This 
is  the  common  Trochid  of  the  Panama  region,  as  is  Ufjulutus  of  the 
Mazatlan. 

281.  Tnrho  buschii=Uvanilla  inermis,  M.  287.  This  shell  ap- 
pears to  replace  U.  olivacea  in  the  southern  fauna.  Besides  the  dif- 
ferences indicated  in  Maz.  Cat.  p.  229,  the  operculum  is  quite 
distinct. 

282.  ?  Turbo  phasianella=Colloma  ph.:  not  (JMelaraphe)  pha- 
sianella,  Phil. 

28.3.  Turbo  rutilus.  The  unique  type  is  in  miserable  condition, 
to  which  the  "bright  red  with  pale  streaks"  is  owing.  The  shell 
may  possibly  have  been  ori^iinally  a  Poniuulax  undosus,  which  is 
Truly  a  Lower  Calit'ornian  species.  It  appears,  however,  to  be  a 
favourite  with  sailors,  as  specimens  are  continually  ap[)earing,  not 
only  high  and  low  on  the  West  Coast,  but  also  from  the  Pacific 
Islands.  The  specimens  brought  by  Couim.  Wilkes's  U.S.  Expl.  Exp. 
vere  obtained  in  N.  S.  Wales  1  Prof.  Adams's  fragments  were  pro- 
bably due  to  ballast. 

284.  Turbo  snxosus-=Callopoma  snxosum.  This  replaces  the  C. 
fuctuosum  of  the  Gulf,  M.  282,  and  the  C.  tesseltatum  of  Lower 
California.  The  "var.  depressuiu"  of  P.  Z.  S.,  18J.),  I  believe  to 
be  really  a  Senectus  from  the  Pacific  Islands. 

28.T.  Scalaria  hexagonn,  C.  B.  Ad.:  non  Sbv.,  M.  .")G4.  The 
Professor's  shell  is  (I  think)  one  of  the  species  I  described  in  P.  Z  s. 
from  Mr.  Bridges's  collection  ;  but  the  distinctions  in  this  genus  are 
too  critical  to  decide  without  comparison  of  types.  Tliis  shell  is 
broad  ;  whorls  very  separate  ;  varices  long  and  sharp  ;  epirally 
finely  striated. 

286.  Sciihtrin  obfnsa,  C.  B.  Ad. ;  ?  non  Shy.  This  P,l^=o  jyipeared 
to  me  one  o^"  Mr.  Bridges's  species.  It  is  a  very  pretty  shell,  with 
close,  ali.arp,  coronated  varices. 

287.  Scalaria,  sp.  ind.  a.  Like  the  next,  but  larger,  and  with 
spiral  strieT  between  the  extremely  crowded,  sharp  varices. 

288.  Scalaria,  sp.  ind.  6.  Of  the  Clathratula  type,  without  spiral 
sculpture. 

289.  Scalaria,  sp.  ind.  e,  is  probably  the  young  of  Cirsotrema 
fvniculatum,  M.  5{j9,  which,  with  its  congeners,  may  be  removed  to 
Opalia. 

290.  Eulima  iota.  This  shell,  which  is  a  Leiostraca  (not  "1  Sfij- 
lifer"),  is  probably  distinct  from  the  -Mazatlan  fornij  M.  ;).j5,  which 
siiuuld  stand  as  L.  retejcta, 

192 


DR  P.  P.  rAUPwrrn  on  the  siif,m-s  of  Panama.  19 

2f)l.  Eu'inta  recta.  The  type  is  a  very  jroofl  speries  of  Lp!o- 
ttraca  ;  but  I  (loiil)t  its  identity  with  the  Cnnuu;;ian  specimen,  with 
which  the  Miiziitlaii  sliell,  M.  .'*.■)(),  was  compared.  It  a.ost  resembles 
the  L.  /inearin,  M.  .').">  I,  with  wldch  it  agrees  in  divergence  and 
general  siiape  ;  but  that  is  very  nmch  snialler,  with  the  upper  whorls 
more  tumid.  In  the  Professor's  type  of  L.  recta,  I  searched  in  vain 
for  traces  of  the  "  two  brown  spots."  They  were  probal)ly  thrown 
hy  defective  light.  Tlie  '*  two  opatjue  spiral  bands  "  are  simply  the 
effect  of  the  suture,  and  the  previous  whorl  showing  through.  For 
the  Mazatlan  shell,  M.  ."(.'(O,  I  propose  the  name  of  L.  involuta. 

292.  Eulima  solitaria.  This  also  is  a  Leiostraca,  not  "  1  Sti/- 
li/er,'^  and  accords  exactly  with  the  Leiostraca,  sp.  iiid.  a,  .M.  .5.52, 
but  not  with  tlie  supp(3sed  L.  solitaria,  M.  ,5.")!.  The  latter  agrees 
in  shape  with  the  unique  Panama  shell,  whorl  for  whorl  ;  but  its 
base  and  labrum  are  much  more  produced  anteriorly.  For  this  rea- 
son, it  may  be  known  as  L.  producta. 

293.  Pyramidella,  sp.  ind.  This  is  probably  the  Obeliscua  de- 
scribed in  Maz.  Cat.  no.  486. 

294.  Pijramidella  conica  =  Obeliscus  conicus,  C.  B.  Ad.,  not 
M.  486. 

29.T.  Nntica  chemnifzii'=N.  maroccana,  M.  .570.  The  Professor 
first  labelled  these  shells  "  N.  1  maroccana,  Chem.,"  but  crossed  it  off 
in  pencil.  Another  tray  appeared  (without  number)  labelled  "  ]uiii- 
fasciata.  Lam."  They  all  belong  to  the  large  M  est  Coast  form  of 
maroccana.  [N.B.  The  shells  described  in  P.  Z.  S.  as  "  var.  cali- 
fornica,''  on  the  authority  of  the  late  Mr.  Nuttall,  are  (with  others 
from  the  same  source)  undoul)tedly  from  the  Sandwich  Islands. 
The  Pacific  specinu-ns  (of  which  I  have  examined  many  thousands, 
brought  by  Comm.  Wilkes's  E.  E.)  present  a  very  different  ty])e  from 
those  of  the  west  coasts  of  Africa  and  America;  but  are  regarded 
by  Mr.  Cuming  as  only  a  local  variety.] 

296.  Natica  1  lurida.  These  shells  are  simply  a  pale  variety  of 
N.  maroccana. 

297.  Natica  otis,  C.  B.  Ad.  (not  Brod.  &  Shy.).  These  shells 
appear  to  be  the  young  of  Polinices  "  salanyonensis,"  P.  2C8. 

298.  Natica  1  salanyonensis.  I  had  no  opportunity  of  comparing 
this  Polinices  with  the  species  of  liccluz. 

299.  Natica  sou/eyetiana.  The  shells  closely  resemble  N.  ma- 
roccana, but  with  a  larger  umbilicus. 

300.  Natica  Ivirginea,  C.  B.  Ad.  (not  'Ktc\.^  =■  Polinices  uber, 
M.  576. 

301.  Natica,  sp.  ind.  a.  There  is  no  ticket  answering  to  this 
number,  which  was  probably  intended  for  the  ^^  maroccana,  var. 
*'  unifusciata." 

302.  Natica,  sp.  ind.  b.  The  shells  are  marked  e,  and  are  the 
young  of  Polinices  uber,  P.  300,  M.  .576. 

13  193 


2f*  DR.  P.  V.  CAHPFNTKR  ON  THE  SHKLLS  OF  PANAMA. 

.'?03.  Xnfico,  s|).  iiid.  c.  The  shell  is  marked _/",  and  is  pr(ib«I)ly 
=  A^.  hancti 

304.  Kerita  scahricnsta^^l.  326.  After  examining  a  multitude 
of  specimens  from  ditt'erent  parts  of  the  coast,  I  have  not  the  slijj;htest 
doubt  of  the  identity  of  the  forms  called  ornata  and  deshiujesii. 

305.  Nerita,  sp.  ind.  a=N.  bernhardi,  M.  327.  > 

306.  Neritina  guaynqnilensis.    Stet. -{■  N.  intennedia,  Sby. 

307.  Neritina  picta=-'ii\..  329. 

308-316.  Stent.  The  shells  described  as  "Auricula  "  belong  to 
Melampus. 

317.  Truncatella  hatrdiana.     A  good  species. 

318.  11  Truncatella  duhiosa.  This  belongs  to  Hydrohia  or  some 
similar  Rissoid. 

319.  Bulla  (Tornatina)  infreqiiens=Tornatina  i.,  M.  222. 

320.  liiilln  {Cytichna)  luticol(t  =  CyUchna  I.,  :^r.  221.  The  Ma- 
zatlan  shell  is  much  more  constricted  than  most  of  Prof.  Adams's 
specimens. 

321.  Bulla  puncfulata  =  B.  adamsi,^l.  224.  The  B.  punctata, 
A.  Ad.  =  />*.  punctutata,  A.  Ad.,  but  is  not  the  B.  punctulata, 
C.  B.  Ad.  =  /f.  puncticulata,  C.  B.  Ad.,  MS.  on  ticket. 

322.  Bulla,  sp.  md.^Tornatina  carinata,  M.  223. 

323.  Vermetus  1  glomeratus,  C.  B.  Ad.  (not  Bivonia  glomerata, 
Lam.)=  V.  eburneus,  ^[.  354.  The  shells  sometimes  assume  a  ru- 
fous tint  in  the  later  whorls,  in  which  state  (if  the  Turritelloid  apex 
be  concealed)  it  is  liable  to  be  confounded  with  Aletes  centiquadrus. 
Some  of  the  Professor's  shells  belong  to  the  latter  species. 

324.  Vermetus  panamensis,  C.  B.  Ad.  (1  Kouss.')^ Aletes  centi- 
quadrus, M.  352. 

325.  Stomatella  ivflata  is  a  Lamellaria  with  broken  lip  and  very 
much  curved  columella :  v.  M.  5/7.  [A  Sigaretus,  with  somewhat 
sharper  columella  than  the  ordinary  W.  Indian  form,  was  found 
among  the  Professor's  duplicate  Panama  shells ;  but  as  it  does  not 
occur  either  in  the  catalogue  or  the  collection,  it  was  probably  dropped 
in  from  the  Jamaica  series.] 

326.  Hipponyx,  sp.  ind.  Of  the  Professor's  "two  small  speci- 
mens "  marked  "  subni/a,  jun.,"  one  is  H.  grayanus,  jun.,  M.  350. 
The  other  may  be  the  same,  but  is  probably  the  young  of  H.  bar- 
batus.     Neither  are  sufficiently  perfect  to  determine  with  confidence. 

327.  Hipponyx  Ibarbata.  Part  of  these  specimens  belong  to  H. 
barbatus,  M.  349 ;  i)art  to  H.  grayanus ;  part  are  too  much  wora 
to  determine  ;  and  one  is  a  valve  of  Discina  cumingii. 

328.  Hipponyx panamensis=^ II.  antiquatus, 'SI.  347-  The  species 
is  very  widely  diffused,  and  varies  greatly  in  each  locality. 

329.  Hipponyx  radiata=^H.  grayanus,  M.  350.     The  collection 

194 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTFR  ON  THE  SHEM.S  OF  PANAMA.  21 

also  contains  a  tray  labelled  "  Pannnia  :  C.  B.  Ad.  don.,"  in  which 
are  Hippotiyx  serratus,  M.  346,  //.  hinljiitvs,  and  Gai/itiia  /leutai/"- 
niostoma,  M.  270.  This  last  name  should  he  dropped,  exetpt  a>  a 
variety  of  G.  stellata.  Shy.,  which  is  the  nortnal  state  :  v.  B.  A.  llep. 
1857,  pi.  7.  f.  3,  a~g. 

330.  Cuhjptraa  nherrans.  The  Professor  candidly  allows  that 
"  in  texture  this  shell  much  resembles  a  valve  of  an  Anomia,"  which 
it  undoubtedly  is,  the  supposed  "probably  imperfect  cup"  being 
the  lijraniental  pit.  The  larjje  muscular  scar  is  very  clearly  de- 
veloped ;  but  the  others  are  faint,  as  is  customary  in  young  shells, 
and  might  stand  for  either  Anomia  or  Placunanomia.  The  valve  is 
thin  and  glossy  inside.  The  outside  is  smooth,  excepting  the  lines 
of  growth,  and  is  encrusted  with  beautiful  zoophytes.  A  tiny  Ser- 
pula,  which  has  coiled  itself  close  to  the  umbo,  carries  out  the  idea 
of  a  Calyptrseid  spiral  apex  ;  but  a  careful  microscopic  examination 
displayed  the  true  Anomoid  nucleus,  at  a  little  distance  from  the 
margin,  as  is  common  in  the  Mazatlan  specimens  of  A.  latnpe, 
M.  219. 

331.  Cahjptreea  (Si/pfiopatella)  aspersa=^  C alerus  conicus,  very 
worn  and  young,  with  the  lamina  broken  away.  One  of  the  speci- 
mens may  perhaps  be  mamillaris. 

332.  Calyptrcea  cepacea=M.  345. 

333.  Calyptrcea  conica.  These  are  dead  specimens,  of  which  a 
few  may  be  the  true  Ga/erus  conicus,  ^I.  332.  But  most  of  them 
belong  to  the  brown-tinted  variety  of  (the  Professor's  G.  re(/ulan«=) 
mamiHaris :  v.  no.  340. 

334.  Calyptrcea  dentata=  Crucibulum  imbricatum,  M.  343. 

335.  Calyptrcea  hispida=  Crucibulum  sjnnosum,  M.  344. 

3>i6.  Calyptrtea  imbricata.  The  two  specimens  are  too  much 
worn  to  affiliate  with  confidence,  the  cups  being  broken  out.  The 
outside  is  ril)bed,  v^ith  arrow-headed  striae  between  the  ribs.  They 
probably  =  Crucibulum  i.,  var. 

337.  Calyptrcea  macHlata=  Crucibulum  spinosvm,  ^l.  344.  See 
the  attempt  to  unravel  the  confusion  in  the  synonymy  of  this  family 
in  Maz.  Cat.  pp.  264-29.T.  Three  specimens  marked  by  the  Pro- 
fessor "  C.  maculata,  var.,"  are  young,  dead  radiata,  no.  339. 

338.  Calyptrcea  planulata.  This  unique  shell  is  simply  a  young, 
flat  C.  cepacea,  with  the  cup  prominent,  and  the  outside  sculpture 
faintly  developed,  from  living  in  a  hollow  place.  The  striae  are  not 
"obsolete  around  the  apex." 

339.  Calyptrcea  radiata-=  Crucibulum  r.  This  rare  and  beautiful 
species  is  quite  distinct,  even  in  the  early  stages,  from  all  varieties 
of  C.  spinosum. 

340.  CalyptrcBa  {Syphopatella)  reffularis=Galerua  mamillaris, 
M.  333. 

341.  Calyptrcea  umbrella=  Crucibulum  u.  (=C.  rudis,  Bred.). 

195 


22      DR.  p.  p.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

3-42.  Calyptrren  V.tnigntg,  C.  B.  Ad. =iCrucifjulum  spinnfvm,  jnn. 
(not  GdhriLs  iiiif/itis,  IJrod.). 

313.  Crcpiilnia  rerithiicola.  Most  of  tlic  speciiiiciis  are  the  joung 
of  C.  onyx,  JM.  340 ;  but  a  few  are  of  V.  incurva,  M.  33'J. 

34-1.   Crepidula  echinus  =C.  acuieata,  M.  334. 

34").   Vrepidula  excavata,  M.  33/.  > 

340.    ('rfj)i(lula  1  hej)afica=C.  onyx,  M.  340. 

34".  i'repidula  incurva,  INI.  339.  A  very  interestinfj  sories  of 
specimens;  of  which  two  or  three  are  prohably  the  tw>steil  form  of 
V.  onyx.  One  tray  contains  specimens  adlierinp  to  other  shells. 
One,  fixed  diagonally  on  a  Valliostuma,  takes  exactly  the  arrow- 
headed  sculpture  of  the  var.  Val.  imhricata,  Brod.  Another,  prown 
diasjonally  on  Pisania  yemmafa,  has  the  general  aspect  of  a  Chiton. 
One,  fixed  on  the  back  of  its  neighbour  which  has  grown  on  a  Cal- 
liostoma,  has  the  granular  interruptions  of  the  ribs  transmitted 
through  the  first  specimen.  The  same  is  true  of  one  which  haa 
grown  on  another  which  was  planted  on  a  Pisattia.  One  specimen, 
which  had  established  itself  on  a  VaUiostoma,  and  began  with  normal 
ribs,  is  losing  these  at  the  margin,  adopting  the  sculpture  of  the 
Trochid.  An  extremely  twisted  specimen  iu  the  tray  of  separate 
shells  has  a  bifid  deck.  A  young  one  had  edged  itself  into  the  apical 
part  of  the  deck,  as  into  a  maternal  pouch  ;  so  the  old  one  made  a 
fresh  deck  over  it. 

348.  Crepidula  lessonii.  Most  of  the  specimens  are  of  C.  nivea, 
var.,  M.  341.  Two  shells,  which  have  the  apex  perfect,  display  the 
characteristic  nuclear  riblets.  One  dark-coloured  specimen  may  be 
a  hybrid,  and  another  (though  too  much  worn  for  confident  affilia- 
tion) ai)pears  to  be  C.  nn  gin  for  mis.  Among  the  duplicates,  all  the 
specimens  which  were  perfect  at  the  apex  presented  the  niveoid 
nucleus,  though  white  ;  but  generally  the  riblets  were  more  or  less 
worn  off. 

349.  Crepidula  squama.  These  are  the  flat  form  (mostly  dead 
and  worn)  of  C.  nivea,  M.  341.  Some  of  them  pass  into  lessonii. 
Some  are  highly  coloured,  and  may  be  the  young  of  C.  onyx ;  one 
even  of  C.  incurva.  One  of  the  young  shells  in  phial  appears  to  be 
C.  onyx  ;  but  whenever  the  apex  is  perfect,  it  presents  the  typical 
riblets  :  v.  Maz.  Cat.  in  loco. 

3.50.  Crepidula  unguiformis.  The  apex  being  hidden  in  dead 
shells,  which  I  was  not  at  liberty  to  break  away,  I  could  only  exa- 
mine one  specimen,  which  appeared  to  be  a  C.  nivea,  var.,  as  sup- 
posed in  Maz.  Cat.  p.  28o.  Of  the  loose  specimens,  scarcely  any 
are  sufficiently  perfect  at  the  apex  to  sj)eak  with  confidence.  Most 
of  them,  however,  have  the  characteristic  painting  of  the  variety 
g()uuma ;  and  all  may  belong  to  the  common  species  (C.  nivea),  ex- 
cept one  which  is  a  true  C.  unguiformis,  M.  342,  on  the  back  of 
another  shell,  and  a  few  which  are  probably  C.  onyx,  var.  Of  the 
d'lplicates,  which  I  was  at  liberty  to  extract  from  the  dead  shells, 

196 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  TIIR  )>HELLS  OF  PANAMA.  C3 

son"*"  <»»•  iindduljtfdly  ('.  tiirca ;  otliers  truly  C.  viijjiii/oriniH ;  niid 
otldTS  probalily  ('.  nirea,  but  witli  tlie  riblcts  woru  away  by  tlie 
crabs. 

S.*)!.  Crepidtila  nivea,  31.311.  Tlie  specimens  are  small  Jiii  I 
poor;  mostly  rougli,  of  the  aru'ty  .sfrio/a fa  passiuj;  into  Icssimii, 
^Vlu•r(>vc^  tbe  ape\  is  pcrtVct,  it  pic^t'iits  tlie  cliaiacteristie  ribUts, 
but  is  ^n-uernliy  white,  not  brown  as  in  most  of  the  tiucly  grown 
Mazatlan  shills. 

i;"*2.  i'ri'pidvla  osrulans.  Tin-*  is  a  pc^ect  and  extremely  Ix'fin- 
tifnl  specimen  of  Scutellinn  nnrici'lloi'lfs,  M.  'liW).  The  I'mt  •»or 
did  not  observe  the  non-spiral  patelloid  apex,  and  re^anled  the 
"  navicelloid  "  columellaas  an  extremely  narrow  deck.  To  tbe  diag- 
nosis in  the  Maz.  Cat.  nuiy  now  be  added  "  apice  ohtusu,  suhlicci ; 
vertice  haud  spirqli,  vix  conspicuo." 

.S53.  Crepidula  rostrafn=C.  ndiuira,  ^l.  33S,  ?iion  Sby.  The 
examination  of  a  large  series  of  specimens  from  the  teinj)erate  fauna 
has  led  me  unexpectedly  to  confiim  Mr.  Heeve's  opinion  tiiat  they 
are  distinct.  The  northern  shell  is  C  (ii/imcu,  Sby.  (^(tar/iofiu 
[Gray]  solida,  IIds.:=C  ros/rijoniiis,  Gld.)  ;  and  t.  tropical  ?!iell 
must  take  the  prior  name,  C.  unvutu,  Mkc.  (  =  C.  rustratu,  (J.  li.  Ad., 
Rve.  =  C  aduncu,  Maz.  Cat.,  non  Shy.). 

354.  Fissurella  (equalis=  Fissure/lidtea  te. 

355.  Fissurella  alta^Gbiphis  alta,  M.  280. 

356.  Fissurella  macrotrema.     Stet. 

357.  Fissurella  microtremu.  These  are  dead  specimens,  of  which 
some  are  F.  ruyosa,  var.,  M .  273. 

358.  Fissurella  nms=^GIi/phis  incequnlis,  var.,  ]M.  2/9.  These 
shells  are  intermediate  between  tbe  typical  form  and /Jtca. 

359.  360.  Stent. 

361.  Fissurella  virescens.  It  is  doubtful  whether  any  of  the  spe- 
cimens are  of  the  true  virescens,  IVl.  271,  as  they  run  into  niijro- 
punctata  by  insensible  gradations.  I'ei baps  both  species  may  pio^e 
identical. 

362.  Siphonaria  characterisfica  =  S.  yiyas,  var. 

363.  364,  365.  Stent. 

366.  Siphonaria  1  pica.  These  are  young  dead  limpets  (not 
Siphonarice). 

3C7.  Lottia  1  patina,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Esch.).  These  shells  differ 
from  Acmcea  mesoleuca,  M.  263,  iu  being  black  instead  of  greeu,  and 
are  prettily  striped. 

368,  369,  370.  Lottia,  sp.  ind.  There  may  be  two  or  even  more 
species  of  Acmaea,  but  it  is  not  impossible  that  there  is  only  one 
among  the  professor's  Lottise,  some  of  the  specimens  being  tie 
young  of  ?  I'atella,  no.  371.       ,q« 


21  DR.  r.  V.  CARPKNTEH  ON  TIIK  SUn.I.S  OF  PANAMA. 

.<7I.  ?  P'ifrlfa,  sp.  imi.  This  has  the  general  ajijiearaiice  of/*. 
rii/'/fita,  l)nt  may  he  an  Anium. 

'■S72.   Chiton  rinthralita.     (Genns  indet.) 

373.  ChUim  dispur,  C.  B.  Ad.;  not  Lojihyms  dispar.  Shy.  I 
doulit  wluthcr  any  of  the  Professor's  s})eciniens  helong  to  Sowtrby's 
species,  whicli  is  black  mixed  with  grey  ;  area-sculpture  very  faint; 
and  sides  inibricited,  not  rugnlose.  Among  the  dupHcates  were  two 
(if  not  three)  species: — the  principal  one  with  side-sculpture  in  lobated 
knobs,  which  may  be  named  Lop/njnis  adamsii ;  a  ^variety  with 
simple  knobs  ;  and  a  well-marked  species  without  distinct  bide  areas, 
which  may  be  called  Lophi/rus  tenuisculptua. 

374.  Chiton  Vuridua.     Probably  correct. 

375.  Chiton  pulchelhts=.  Cullochiton  p.  +  C.  eletiensis. 

376.  Chiton  stoke8ii=^Lophijrus  s. 

377.  Anemia  lampe,  C.  B.  Ad.  It  is  doubtful  whether  this  is 
identical  with  the  northern  species,  M.  219. 

378.  Anomia  tenuis.  This  is  probably  the  young  of  the  last 
species,  and  may  give  it  a  name,  if  new.  It  is  doubtfid  how  the 
diagnosis  of  the  scars  was  made  out ;  as  they  were  not  visible  in 
either  of  the  specimens  retained,  being  encrusted  with  dead  auimal 
matter.     They  were  not  distinct  even  after  its  removal. 

379.  Anomia,  sp.  ind.  a.  Probably  the  same  species  as  the  two 
last,  although  far  too  dead,  worn,  and  young  to  deci  le.  See  notea 
on  the  variations  of  A.  lampe,  Maz.  Cat.  p.  168. 

380.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  a.  The  hinge  notches  of  the  upper  valve 
fit  between  corresponding  teeth  in  the  lower.  Inside  rather  flesh- 
coloured  ;  white,  round  margin.  Scar  kidney-sha])ed,  dark  in  one 
valve,  light  in  the  other.  A  young  valve  is  white,  and  as  pearly  as 
U.  iridescens,  M.  211.  The  species  is  best  known  by  its  tendency 
to  make  a  very  broad  limb  in  the  exterior  coloured  part,  spreading 
out  into  palmations.  A  very  young  specimen,  though  covered  above 
with  Meiiibranipurce,  shows  the  characteristic  corrugations  through. 
It  may  stand  provisionally  as  O.  panamensis. 

3S1.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  b.  This  is  ])robablv  a  variety  of  O.  pana- 
mensis, but  more  coarsely  grown,  so  that  there  is  a  smaller  limb, 
without  j)almations.  Wherever  the  sculpture  appears,  there  are  evi- 
dent traces  of  the  peculiar  corrugations.  The  inside  has  the  same 
characters,  both  of  hinge,  colour,  iridescence,  and  scar. 

382.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  c.  Rather  square  hinge,  without  plications  ; 
one  shell  with  an  umbonal  cavity.  Pearly  white.  One  specimen  is 
tinted  on  the  sear,  which  may  become  coloured  in  the  adult.  It  is 
by  no  means  "pentangular,"  and  is  more  probably  =  0.  rvfa,  Gld., 
than  O.  columliensis,  M.  213. 

383.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  d.  The  shells  are  broader  than  the  ]\razatlan 
specimens  of  O.  virginicn,  ]M.  212,  probablv  from  not  growing  on 
twigs.     The  younger  shells  are  very  like  0.  edulis ;  the  older  ones 

198 


T)R.  P.  P.  CARPFNTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.  -J 

have  hollow  lunbos.     One  lonr;  shell,  fir»t  iimikecl  f,  hut  al'cn  li  to  7, 
is  the  adult  toriii ;  several  of  the  yoiiiii;er  siielU  are  iluuljt.ul. 

HS4.  (htrea,  sp.ind.  e.  =  ()/ifrea,  >[,'il.i.  Being  h  good  sppcies, 
I  propose  the  name  of  O.  amura.  The  ]'rofes>or's  "  small  var."  is 
not  plieatfd,  and  ni)|iears  to  helong  to  O.  rDurhfiphiht,  M.  '1\A. 
[N.B.  Additional  speeiniens  coiiHrm  me  \n  tiie  belief  that  O.  pal- 
mulot  M.  214  h,  is  a  distinct  species.] 

aHJ.  Spondijlun  lumurckii,  C.  B.  Ad.  =  5.  calclfer,  M,  20H. 

386.  Spondijlus,  sp.  ind.  a  =  Plivatula  penicillata,  M.  210. 

387.  Pecten  inca  =  P.  ventricosus,  Sby.,  as  in  errata. 

388.  Pecten  tumbezeniiis  =  P.  aspersus,  Sby.,  Ilanl.  (?  Lam.). 

381).   Lima  anyvluta.     Shells  inflated,  not  gaping. 

390.  Lima  pacijica  (=L.  urcuata,  Sby.,  Ilanl.).  Young  shells, 
species  uncertain. 

3!M.  Aviculu  liiinrgaritifi'rn^Mnryarlfiphnrn  fmhriata,  Dkr., 
M.  204  =  , v.  maziilluuica,  Hanl.=Ji.  baihata,  live. 

392.  Avicula  sterna,  INI.  203.  A.  lihella,  Rve,,  appears  to  me 
the  young  of  this  s|)ecies. 

393.  Perna,  sp.  ind.  a  =  Isoffnomon  chemnitziana,  M.  20.). 

394.  Perna,  sp.  ind.  i  = /.  chemnitziana,  var.  Rather  more 
finely  grown,  and  with  less  colour,  but  certainly  the  same  species. 
The  Professor's  Jamaica  specimens  are  labelled  "  bicolor,  Ad." 

39.i.  Pinna  maura,  M.  200. 

396.  Pnna  tuberculosa.  Three  of  the  specimens  appear  to  me 
=  f .  hiuura,  jun.  The  other  may  be  the  same,  but  is  worn  nearly 
smooth. 

397.  Mytilus,  sp.  ind.  a.  Resembles  the  young  of  Modiola  bra- 
sinensis,  but  with  a  few  hinge-teeth,  as  in  3/.  edulis. 

398.  Lithodumus,  sp.  ind.  a.  Most  of  these  specimens  are  of 
Lithophuyns  uristatus,  M.  176  ;  one  (perha|)s  two)  are  L,  attenua- 
tus,  M.  173  (which  is  found  from  Lower  California  to  Chili)  ;  and 
one  appears  to  be  L.  plumula,  M.  1 75  ;  but  they  are  too  young  to 
decide  with  confidence. 

399.  Modiola  1  semifusca.  These  specimens  all  helong  to  the  M. 
brasiliensis,  M.  171,  but  are  much  more  like  the  ordinary  Brazilian 
specimens  than  are  those  from  Mazatlan.  As  compared  with  the 
latter,  the  Panama  shells  are  more  rounded,  with  stronger  posterior 
grooving,  and  with  the  angular  ridge  less  marked.  A  i.imiiar  shell, 
undoubtedly  from  New  Zealand,  is  considered  by  Mr.  Cumiug  con- 
specitic. 

400-404.  Modiola,  sp.  ind.  a,  b,  c,  d,  e,  I  could  find  no  a  or  * 
in  the  collection;  but  there  were  two  trays  marked y.  Tray  6  =  J/. 
ci/pax,  M.  170.  c  contains  several  specimens  of  Mi/ fihis  mulli/ormis, 
"M.  108,  strongly  ribbed  variety,  perhaps  intended  lor  b,  no.  401. 

199 


26      DR.  p.  p.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

d  contains  parts  of  six  specimens,  and  perhaps  should  be  a,  no.  400. 
They  appiar  to  be  a  variety  vi^  Lith(ij)li(i(jus  cinnantomeus,  M.  1/7, 
but  with  broken  shells,  &c.,  airgiiitiiiized  on  the  posterior  side.  /(I) 
contains  four  S|iecin)ens  of  M.  niultlforiiiin,  the  seniigreeuish  variety 
(Maz.  Cat.  p.  Ill)),  and  are  probably  intended  fore.  /  {-)  contains 
two  specimens  of  the  same  variety  of  J/,  multijunnis,  in  the  burrow 
of  a  Lithophayns,  and  may  stand  for  d  or  e. 

40.T.  Chamn  huddia}ia-=  C.  {Ifrondosa,  \{iT.)/ornicata,  M.  121,6. 
Additional  specimens  confirm  me  in  regarding  this  species  as  distinct 
from  all  varieties  oi frondosn.  The  Professor's  shells  riot  being  very 
characteristic,  the  diagnosi  s  do  not  exacth  accord.  The  shell  stands 
as  C  buddiana. 

406.  Chaiiia  1  corrufjata.  The  large  valve  appears  a  dead  reversed 
C  {frondosa)  mexicona,  M.  121,  with  the  teeth  perforated  by  Li- 
fhophagi.  The  other  may  be  corriujata,  very  dead,  of  sienna-tint, 
very  pointed  dorsally. 

407.  Chama  echinata.  These  appear  to  me  to  be  ttiC  young,  partly 
of  C.  buddiana,  but  principally  of  t'.  mexicaiia. 

408.  Nucula  elenensis=^Leda  e.,  M.  199. 

409.  Nucula  exigua,  M.  198, 

410.  Nucula  poliia=Leda  p.     With  semidia^onal  lines. 

411.  Pectunculus  assimi/is+P.  incEqualis,  M.  190, 

412.  Pectunculus  hnaculatus.     Stet. 

413.  Area  alternata=^ Barbatia  a.,  M.  188. 

414.  Area  laviculuides  appears  a  young  Scapharca. 

415.  Area  emarginata=^ Scapharca  e.,  M.  187. 
410.  Area  gradata^=Barbatia  g.,^1.  194. 

417.  Area  grandis,  M.  180. 

418.  Area  mutabilis=^Bijssoarca  m.,  M.  190. 

419.  Area  {Byssoarcu) pholadiformis.  This  is  simply  an  elon- 
gated form  of  Barbatia  gradata,  probably  from  growing  in  the  hole 
of  a  Lithophugus.  The  umbos  are  "  flattened  "  by  erosion  ;  teeth 
not  "  obsolete  "  under  the  glass  ;  "  ligameut  concealed  "  simply  by 
the  compressed  and  elongated  growth. 

420.  Area  reeviaiia=^ Barbatia  r. 

421.  Area  recersa  =  Noetia  r.,  M.  185. 

422.  Area  similis.  This  is  scarcely  a  var'  ,.y  of  ^.  tuberculosa, 
TV[.  1»4.  The  specimens  are  dead  and  oiled,  with  most  of  the  epi- 
dermis abraded. 

423.  Area  soUda  — Barbatia  s.,  M.  195. 

424.  Area  {Byssoarcu)  tobagensis=- Barbatia  illota,  M.  193. 

425.  Area  tuberculosa,  M.  184. 

426.  Area,  sp.  ind.  a.     These  little  shells  approach  the  Noffi'a 

200 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  HIE  feHKLLS  OF  PANAMA.  27 

type.    Ribs  fine,  tuberculous,  cor.rse  on  the  angular  side.    Ligaaicut 
very  narrow,  truncated. 

427.  Cardita  ajffinis.     (Lazaria.) 

428.  Cardita  latieostata^Venericardia  I. 

429.  Cardita  radiata.     (^Lazaria.) 

430.  Cardium  graniferum,  M.  134. 

431.  Cardium  obocaie^Heinicardia  o, 

432.  Cardium  planicostatum,  C.  B.  Ail.,  not  Sby.  This  looks  like 
a  dead  ballast-valve  of  Hemicardia  media  ;  but  it  may  be  ti.  biati' 
guluta. 

433.  Cardium  procerum,  M.  12.5. 
431.   Cardium  senticosum,  M.  120. 

435.  Venus  lamathusia^  Anomalocardia  snhimhricata,  M.  113. 

436.  Venus  discors=Tapes  fjratus.  Say,  ^l.  110.  The  Professor's 
specimens  of  this  species  and  T.  histrionicus  are  somewhat  inter- 
mixed. 

437.  Venus  gnidia,  M.  101.  Dead  specimens  ;  of  which  one  may 
possibly  be  Chione  amathusia,  M.  102. 

438.  Venus  multicostata.  Closely  resembling  the  West  Indian 
form. 

439.  Venus pectunculoides=^Tapes  histrionicus,  ^1.  109. 

440.  Venus  subruffosa  =  Anomalocardia  s.,  ^E.  112. 

441.  Venus,  sp.  ind.  a.  A  small  species  with  concentric  laminae, 
armed  with  one  posterior  row  of  blunt  spines.  Interstices  with  mi- 
nute concentric  striae. 

442.  Venus,  sp.  ind.  b=Chione  crenifera,  M.  l(iJ=V.  sugillata, 
Rve.  C.  I.  no.  43. 

443.  Ci/therea  affinis.    VTo\>aM\\-=CaUista  concinna,  var.,  M.  99. 

444.  Cijtherea  aurantiaca^=  Callistu  aurantia,  M.  92. 

445.  Cijtherea  consanguinea-=CaUista  c.  Messrs.  II.  and  A. 
Adams  have  not  made  a  subgenus  to  include  this  group  of  thin,  in- 
flated, almost  colourless  species. 

446.  Cijtherea  radiafa=.Trigona  r.,  M.  83. 

447.  Cijtherea  squaUda=-Cal[ista  chioneea,  M.  93. 

448.  Artemis  dunkeri  =  J)nsiiila  d.,  M.  90. 

449.  Artemis  sacettta=Cgclina  subquadrata,  M.  91. 

450.  Gouldia  pacijica,  yi.  116. 

451.  Cgrena  maritima.  Stet.  The  collection  also  contains  two 
tubes,  containing  a  very  young  "ICydas"  and  another  "  Cyrenu, 
jun.,"  marked  "Panania,"C.  B.  Ad." 

452.  Lucina  tellinoides=  Fcfania  t.     Differs  from  F.  sericata, 

201 


y.1  r>R.  p.  p.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

M.  152,  in  having  a  yellow,  not  silky,  epidermis.  The  specimens 
varv  considerably  in  thickness.  The  genus  scarcely  differs  from 
Mi'ltha. 

453.  Capsa  aJtior=Iph!genia  a.,  M.  69. 

454.  Donax  assimilis,  M.  74. 

455.  Donax  yracilis.    Stet. 

456.  Donax  navicula,  M.  77. 

457.  Donax  rostratus.  This  single  valve  proves  to  be  the  true 
D.  carinatus,  M.  71,  and  not  the  shell  which  I  called  D.  cuhninatu.", 
M.  72  {=^carinafus,  var.,  Hani,  in  Mus.  Cum.),  which  I  subse- 
quently affiliated  to  the  supposed  roatratus,  Maz.  Cat.  p.  548,  on  the 
authority  of  Dr.  Gould's  specimen.  We  were  probably  both  misled 
by  the  "  very  sharp  angle,"  which  (as  compared  with  the  other  form) 
J  should  call  rounded,  and  the  "concave"  surface,  which  I  should 
translate  into  flat.  The  names  have  been  altered  in  the  Cumingian 
collection  since  the  Mazatlan  shells  were  identified ;  but  Mr.  Hanley 
informs  me  that  they  are  now  correct ;  that  the  D.  culminatus,  M. 
72,  is  his  own  original  carinatus;  and  that  the  D.  carinatus,  M.  71 
(olim  Mus.  Cum.),  which  is  certainly  D.  rostratus,  P.  457,  must 
btand  under  Prof.  Adams's  name. 

458.  Tellina  aurora.    Stet. 

459.  Tellina  cognata,  C.  B.  XA=iPsammobia  casta,  Rve.,  teste 
Cuming.  The  sculpture  consists  of  semidiagonal  striae  passing  over 
the  lines  of  growth.  In  other  specimens  examined  from  Panama 
t;iese  are  sometimes  crowded,  sometimes  distant,  occasionally  flex- 
uous,  sometimes  almost  evanescent. 

460.  Tellina  columbiensis     (Peron<sa.) 

461.  Tellina  concinna=Macoma  c.  The  "  slight  tinge  of  pink" 
I  could  not  discover. 

462.  Tellina  crystaUina=-Tellidora  c. 

463.  Tellina  cumingii,  M.  55. 

464.  Tellina  domljei/i=  Macoma  d.,  M.  50. 

465.  Tellina /elix,  M.  51.    (Angiilus.) 

466.  Tellina  laceridens.    (Peronceoderma.) 

467.  Tellina  prora.    (^Peronaoderma.) 

468.  Tellina  puella.    Not  unlike  r./e/jcT,  and  distinct  from  M.  59. 

469.  Tellina  riibescens.    {Peronteoderma.) 

470.  Tellina  siliqua.  The  two  odd  valves  belong  probably  to  a 
Macoma,  in  shape  resembling  Thracia  phaseolina. 

471.  Tellina  simvlans=:T.  {Pero}i(roderm.j) punicea,  M.  54.  The 
species  was  described,  for  geograpliical  reasons,  from  a  young,  pale, 
and  undeveloped  valve.  On  comjjariiig  it  with  the  Professor's  owu 
West  Indian  specimens,  I  could  detect  no  difleieuce. 

202 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTEH  on  the  shells  of  PANAMA.      29 

472.  Tellina  sincera-=Striyina  8. 

473.  Tellina  vicina=^Heterodonax  vicinus.  The  shells  are  la- 
belled T.  versicolor  hy  the  Professor.  They  are  larger  than  the  ge- 
neral run  of  West  Indian  specimens ;  but  the  form  is  probably  a 
local  variety  of  the  old  Heterodonax  biinaaulalus. 

474.  Tellina,  sp.  ind.  a.  The  doubt  concerning  "concave"  and 
"convex"  probably  arises  from  an  error  in  description. 

47.5.  Tellina,  sp.  ind.  b.  Looks  exactly  like  the  young  of  No.  474, 
but  with  lateral  teeth. 

476.  Tellina,  sp.  inu.  c.     Dead  valves  of  T.  felix.  No.  465, 

477.  Petricola  cognata.  More  characteristic  specimens  from  the 
same  coast  are  affiliated  by  Mr.  Cuming  to  P.  pholadlformis,  from 
which  this  would  probably  not  have  been  separated  had  it  appeared 
on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

478.  Saxicai'a  1  tenuis.  The  Panama  shell  is  more  like  Petricola 
than  Saxicava,  having  two  teeth  in  each  valve,  one  of  which  is  bifid. 
Sowerby's  species  is  called  by  Messrs.  H.  &  A.  Adams  "  Saxicava 
tenuis'"'  (ii.  p.  349)  and  "  Petricola  tenuis"  (ii.  p.  441).  Shell  with 
very  fine  radiating  striae,  crossed  by  irregular  striae  of  growth. 

479.  Cumingia  coarctata=C.  lamellosa,  var.,  M.  42. 

480.  Cumingia  trigonularis,  M.  43.  •  . 

481.  Cumingia,  sp.  ind.  a=C.  trigonularis,  No.  480. 

482.  Cumingia,  sp.  ind.  b=C.  var.  coarctata.  No.  479. 

483.  Cumingia,  sp.  ind.  c=M.  4.5.  This  appears  a  distinct  spe- 
cies, and  may  be  quoted  as  C.  adamsii,  in  remembrance  of  the  labours 
of  Messrs.  H.,  A.  and  C.  B.  Adams. 

484.  Cumingia,  sp.  ind.  c?=Maz.  Cat.  tablet  107,  p.  31;  well 
rounded,  with  close  striae.     Probably  distinct. 

485.  Amphidesma  bicolor=Semele  Ivenusta,  M.  41  (non  A.  Ad.). 
The  "species"  in  this  genus  are  often  separated  by  very  variable 
characters. 

486.  Amphidesma  lellipticum= Semele  e. 

487.  Amphidesma  proximum.  The  type  is  not  quite  so  elliptical 
as  the  last  species  ;  but  as  this  is  a  very  variable  character  (i'.  Maz. 
Cat.  p.  2*1),  I  should  regard  it  as  the  same.  It  is  not  the  Semele 
proxima,  M.  40  (=^S.^avescens,  v.  Maz.  Cat.  p.  548). 

488.  Amphidesma  pulchrum= Semele  p. 

489.  Amphidesma  striosum  =  Semele  s.  I  should  describe  the 
shell  as  smooth,  with  very  fine  diagonal  striae  crossing  the  lines  of 
growth.  It  has  the  general  aspect  of  S.  pulchra.  The  teeth  in  one 
valve  are  long  and  sharp. 

490.  Amphidesma  tortuos%im=^  Semele  t.    Teeth  short  and  faint. 

491.  Amphidesma  ventricosum-^ Semele  V.   The  "  zones "  are  rery 

203 


3W)      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

"ill-defined."     Teeth  scarcely  visible.     It  looks  outside  like  a  dead 
valve  of  Macoma  solidula. 

492.  Crassntella  yibbosa.     Also  found  at  Cape  St.  Lucas. 

493.  Mulinia  donaciformis=  M.  anr/ulata,  M.  80. 

494.  Mulinia  ventricosa= Mactrella  exoleta,  M.  78. 

495.  Lutraria  elegans'=IIarvella  elegans;  ascriljed  by  Messrs. 
n.  &  A.  Adams  to  Florida  (ii.  p.  37S),  from  which  I  have  never 
geen  it.  It  is  a  rare,  but  (under  different  names)  somewhat  widely 
diffused  west-tropical  shell.  Its  "analogue"  from  Florida  and  Ca- 
rolina is  Ita'eta  canuliculata. 

496.  Mactra  velata=SlandeUa  v.  Fide  M,  79.  The  "small 
variety"  is  conspecific. 

497.  Anafina  aJta.  This  valve  of  Periploma  may  prove  identical 
with  one  of  the  four  Gulf  species.  The  spoon  is  sup])orted  under- 
neath by  a  linear  plate. 

498.  Pandora  cornuta.  It  is  singular  that  neither  Prof.  Adams 
nor  Dr.  Gould  observed  that  the  peculiar  characters  of  this  species 
are  due  to  a  fracture,  producing  a  beak  and  sinus  which  are  not  seen 
on  the  lines  of  growth.  The  sentences  about  the  "rostriform  pro- 
jection," the  "sinus,"  and  the  "prominent  angle,"  should  therefore 
be  erased  from  the  diagnosis.  The  hinge-teeth  consist  of  a  long 
skarp  tooth,  very  pointed,  in  one  valve,  fitting  against  a  less  prominent 
one  in  the  other ;  a  slight  ligamental  looth  in  the  first  valve  only  ; 
and  a  very  long,  sharp,  clavicular  tooth  in  each  valve,  running  near 
the  posterior  margin,  against  the  inside  umbonal  portion  of  which 
the  ligament  is  attached.  Should  it  prove  identical  with  P.  clavicu- 
lata,  the  earliest  name  (as  being  given  in  error)  may  advantageously 
be  dropped.  It  is  surprising  that  Messrs.  H.  &  A.  Adams  have  not 
divided  the  old  Lamarckian  genus  even  into  subgenera. 

499.  Potamomya  eequidis.  500.  P.  infiata.  501.  P.  trigonalis. 
These  three  forms  of  Azara  'differ  in  outline,  but  not  more  than  do 
some  other  species  of  Corbulids  and  such  shells  as  Trigona  radiata. 
The  teeth,  pallial  lines,  and  general  ch.  racters  are  the  same  in  each. 
The  first  two  I  should  consider  certainly  identical ;  and  a  large  series 
of  specimens  would  probably  graduate  to  the  third. 

502.  Corbula  bicarinata,  M.  30. 

503.  Corbula  biradiata,  M.  31. 

504.  Corbula  obesa.    Stet. 

505.  Corbula  nvulata,  M.  33. 

506.  Corbula  rubra.  A  young  orange-tinted  specimen  of  C.  bi- 
radiata. No.  503.  The  "broad  flexure"  is  an  accidental  growth, 
not  shown  in  the  lines  of  growth  of  an  earlier  stage. 

507.  Corbula  tenuis.    Stet. 

508.  Corbula,  sp.  ind.  a.  A  very  small  angular  valve,  with  sharp 
conccutric  ridges.     It  may  belong  to  C.  pusiulosa,  M.  32. 

204 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAVA.  31 

50!).  CorhiiJa,  sp.  iud.  h.  Dead  valves  of  C  biradiafa.  No.  503. 
To  the  same  species  may  be  referred  C  pobjchroma.  We  were  mis- 
led by  the  different  aj)pearaiice  of  the  dead  shell,  and  by  the  locality- 
mark  in  Col.  Jewett's  collection.  His  specimens  were  probably  from 
Panama  or  Acapulco. 

510.  Solcrtirfitft  nffiiiin,  M.  37.  It  is  probable  that  this  species 
is  identical  with  S.  {J yovaculiua)  curifjhatis.  The  Ariquibo  s|)eci- 
mens  of  the  latter  in  Mus.  Amherst  are  more  like  the  Mazatlan  shells 
than  those  are  to  the  Panama  type.  Shells  from  Cape  Talmas  were 
affiliated  to  the  Caribbtean  species  by  Mr.  Cuming. 

511.  Solen  r)idis=^EnsafeUa  r.  This  interesting  form  passes 
towards  Pharella.  It  is  called  "  Solena  obliqua,  Spengl.,  var."  iu 
Mus.  Cuming. 

512.  Pholus  cruciyera.  With  the  general  aspect  oi Barnea  Candida. 

5 1 3.  Photos  tuhifera-=^  Pholadidea  t.  Of  the  melanura  type,  with 
a  solid  tube  titling  on  to  the  ends  of  the  cups. 

514.  Phulas  xylophaija.  Of  the  Martesia  type,  without  cups. 
Dorsal  and  ventral  plates  long;  umbonal  plates  moderate ;  wave  of 
the  adolescent  gape  rather  suddenly  arched. 

515.  Pholas  ,  sp.  ind.  a.     Col.   Jewett's  specimens  of  the 

same  shell  are  named  laquenta  by  Mr.  Cuming.  It  is  of  the  non- 
waved,  concameroid  type;  without  radiating  sculpture;  concentric 
lamelljfi  beautifully  frilled. 

516.  Pholus,  sp.  ind.  b.  So  like  P.  dactylus  that  it  might  be 
taken  for  a  worn  valve  from  ballast.  The  sculpture-ridges  are,  how- 
ever, further  apart ;  hinge-chambers  larger  and  more  numerous,  with 
a  little  twisted  lamina  beyond  ;  gape  less  conspicuous. 

517.  Orbicula  ciiminffii^^ Discina  c,  M.  14. 

The  shells  unfortunately  are  all  loose,  in  trays,  with  the  autograph 
names  on  tickets.  Prof.  Adams's  West  Indian  collections  are  in  the 
same  condition ;  and  both  series  are  arranged  together,  in  zoological 
order,  in  the  midst  of  the  general  collec  on.  There  is  no  evidence, 
however,  that  they  have  been  liandled  since  the  Professor  left  them, 
none  of  the  leading  conchological  writers  in  the  New  World  having 
thought  it  needful  to  go  out  of  their  way  to  complete  a  review  of  the 
Professor's  work.  Amherst  is  situated  on  a  branch  railway,  and  is 
within  an  easy  walk  of  Northampton,  Mount  Holyoak,  and  the  deli- 
cious sceuerv  of  the  Connecticut  River.  In  the  College  buildings 
are  also  deposited  the  most  complete  series  of  the  Fossil  Footprints 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  and  the  mineralogical  collection  (iucludiug 
the  meteorolites^  belonging  to  Prut,  Shepherd. 

205 


c. 


DIAGNOSES 


OF 


NEW  FORMS  OF  MOLLUSKS  COLLECTED  AT  CAPE 
ST.  LUCAS  BY  Mii.  J.  XANTUS. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  Ph.  D. 


From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  ITatnral  History.  Third  Series,  Vol. 
XIII.,  pp.  311-315,  April,  1864.  Ibid.  (Nos.  15-36)  pp.  474^479,  June, 
1864.    Ibid.  Vol.  XIV.  (Nos.  37-52),  pp.  45-49,  July,  1864. 


(   207   ) 


DIAGNOSES 

KEW  Fort:\rs  or  mollusks 

COLLECTED  AT  CAPE  St.  LUCAS  BY  Mr.  J.  XANTCft 

BT 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 


The  specimens  here  described  belong  to  the  Mmseum  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  first  available 
duplicates  will  be  found  in  the  British  Museum  or  in  the 
Cuniingian  Collec-tion.  An  account  of  the  labours  of  Mr.  Xantus 
will  appear  in  the  forthcoming  volume  of  British  Association 
Reports ;  and  detailed  notes  on  the  species  may  be  consulted  ia 
the  American  scientific  periodicals  for  the  current  year. 

Genus  Asthenoth.erus*. 

Testa  extus  "Thracice'"'  similis :  intus   cardine  edeutulo,    baud 
epathulato  ;  cartihigiue  infra  umbones  sita. 

1.  Asthenothterus  villosior. 

A.  testa  inspquivalvi,  insequilaterali,  unibonibus  ad  trientem  lon- 
gitudinis  sitis  ;  tenuissima,  alba,  (sub  lente)  omnino  minutissime 
et  creberrime  pustulosa ;  rugis  incremeuti  obtusissimis,  irregulari- 
bus,  maxime  t.  juiiiore,  ornata ;  epiderniide  tenui,  pallide  olivacea 
induta ;  parte  postica  truncata,  paruni  hiante  ;  antica  valde  rotun- 
data ;  marginibus  dorsalibus  et  ventrali  panim  excurvatis ;  um- 
bonibus  angustissimis ;  rcgionibus  lunulari  et  nymphali  subcari- 
natis :  intus,  margine  cardinali  utriusque  valvae  acuto ;  ligamento 
inconspicuo  ;  cartilagine  subspongiosa,  satis  elongata,  postice  de- 
flecta ;  fovea  haud  indentata ;  cicatricibus  adductorum  parvis, 
subrotundatis ;  sinu  pallii  niajore,  ovali,  ad  dimidium  interspatii 
porrecto.     Long.  "38,  lat. '26,  alt. '14  poll. f 

*  'Xardevfjs,  weak ;  daioos,  hinge. 

t  The  measures  of  length  are  taken  from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior 
margins.     The  "  detailed  notes  "  are  still  in  MSS. 
14  209 


2  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  MuUuskt 

2.  Solciinja  talrulus. 

S.  testa  minore,  tenuissinia,  dia|ilmna,  vix  testacca,  cornon,  pallidiof** 
lineis  tcnuibiis,  distaiitibii^,  tu^^ci^,  radiatiin  ornata ;  postice  t(fipu< 
ter  radiatitn  striata;  tiinientt',  satis  elonjiata,  marginibus  aiiti«;,  e» 
postico  rciiulariter  cxcnrvatis ;  umboiiibiis  vix  coiispicuis ;  liiie>a 
aiiticis  divaricaiitibus,  extus  parentibus,  intus  lacunam  cRrti!a< 
gincain  dtfiiiieutibus ;  cardine  edentulo;  lif!;aniento  postice  elon- 
gato,  antice  curto,  latiore,  bit'urcato;  cicatricibus  adductoraiu 
subrotundatis.     Lonj^.  '85,  ht.  '25,  alt.  '14  poll. 

3.  Tellina  [Peroncpoderma]  ochracea. 

T.  testa  majore,  parum  inaequilaterali,  tenui,  satis  planata ;  carneo- 
ochracea,  iiitiis  ii\ten>iore ;  Isevi,  niiida,  niargiiiem  versus  striis 
increinenti ;  postice  vix  radiatim  striatida;  veiitraliter  antice 
valde  excurvata,  postice  vix  aiigiilata ;  marginibus  dorsalibus  ob- 
tuse angulatis,  umboiiil)U3  conspicuis ;  ligameiito  tenui  et  cartila- 
gine  subiiiternis  ;  nymphis  intortis  :  dent.  card,  utriusque  valvic  ii., 
quaruin  i.  bitidus ;  dent.  lat.  valvge  dextrae  ii.;  sinu  pallii  irregula- 
riter  ovali,  per  duos  tricntes  interstitii  porrecto ;  cicatr.  adduct. 
subovatis,  nitidissiaiis.     Long.  TO,  lat.  r4,  alt.  •44  pull. 

4.  Psammobia  {? Ainphichana)  regularis. 

P.  testa  minore,  regulariter  ovali,  subsequilaterali ;  violacea,  plus 
miiiusve  radiata  seu  maculata ;  Isevi,  striolis  incrementi  ornata  ; 
fpidermide  tenui,  flavido-olivacea  induta,  postice  rugulosa ;  mar- 
ginibus undique  regulariter  excurvatis ;  umbonibus  vix  projectis  ; 
iigamento  conspicuo :  intus  dent.  card,  ii.-i.,  hand  bifidis;  cicatr. 
adduct.  postica  rotiuidata,  antica  ovali ;  sinu  pallii  eloiigato,  baud 
incurvato,  per  duos  trientes  interstitii  porrecto.  Long.  105,  lat.  'o, 
ait.  *26  poll. 

5.  Callista  pollicaris. 

C.  testa  magna,  ventricosa,  solidiore  ;  epidermide  tenuissima  induta  ; 
sordide  albida,  umbonibus  rufo-fuscis  ;  (t.  adolescentc)  punctulis 
crebris  rufo-fuscis,  et  taeniis  paucis  circa  nymphas  ornata  ;  laev*, 
striis  incrementi  exce])tis ;  postice,  et  paululum  antice,  quasi  pol- 
lice  impresso  notata ;  latiore,  antice  producta,  sed  baud  anguiata  ; 
postice  unda  depressa,  supra  nymphas  radiante,  inter  costas  dua« 
obsoletas  sinuante,  niargine  subtruncato ;  marginibus  ventralx 
regulariter  exturvato,  dorsali  rectiore ;  lunula  elongata,  linea  iin- 
jiressa  definita,  medio  tumente,  postice  flaccida :  intus  Candida; 
dent.  card,  normalibus;  dente  laterali  valvse  dextrae  postico,  valv.Tj 
sinistrae  antico,  usque  ad  extremitatem  lunulas  porrecto ;  cicatr. 
adduct.  subrotundatis ;  sinu  pallii  magno,  rotundato,  usque  a.i 
medium  interstitii  porrecto.     Long.  2'58,  lat.  2-25,  alt.  1*43  poll. 

Figured  by  Mr.  Reeve  (Conch,  f.  45)  as  "  Dione  prora,  var." 
riie  above  diagnosis  proves  it  to  be  a  distinct  and  (considering 
tne  general  similarity  of  the  thin,  colourless,  inflated  yruup)  a 
WfcU-maited  spcciea. 

210 


eoTlected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas,  8 

6.    Cnllista  [t pannoxa,  var.)  puella. 

C.  festft  "C.  pannosce"  simili,  sed  miilto  niiiiore,  teniiiore,  pl;'rum« 
que  latiore  ;  *.iiiu  pallii  mnjore,  ticjiaiitcr  incurvato ;  di-nt.  card 
niiiltu  teuuiorilius,  lat.  ant.  niagis  eloii<:ato ;  lamina  caniiiiali  uii]> 
bones  versus  siimata :  colore  niaxime  variaiite ;  n()nniiii(|iiani  ut 
in  C.  pannoaa  triangulariter  niaculata  ;  plerunujue  ut  in  'ft/petii 
viryinea  nutata  ;  interdnm  albida,  seu  aurantia,  sen  I'usra,  lia.iil 
inacnlata  ;  rarius  ut  in  Tapete  fuscolineata  |K'nicillata  ;  rari.«*iiii3 
paucistrigata,  seu  niaculis  j)aucissimi3.  Long.  •60,  lat.  'h,  all.  -62 
poll. 

Variat  t.  trnnsversa.  Variat  quoque  t.  subtrigona,  et  formis  inter* 
mediis. 

Quoted  by  ^Ir.  Reeve,  under  Diane  pannosa,  as  "  D.  puella, 
Cpr.";  but  the  name  was  only  given  in  MS.  in  accordaiRc  with 
Mr.  Cuming's  assertion  that  it  was  distinct.  The  colourless  sub- 
trigonal  shells  were  regarded  by  Mr.  Reeve  as  a  separate  species  j 
but  he  did  not  allude  to  them  in  his  monograph. 

7.  Levicardiuin  apiciratm. 

It.  testa  *nbtrigona,  parva,  tenuissinia,  nitidissima,  subcomprcs'a, 
epidern.ide  tenui  induta ;  radiis  seu  striis  radiantibus  nullis  ;  striis 
concentficis  satis  regularibus,  siibohsoletis,  t.  jnn.  magis  extant;- 
bus ;  uti 'lonibus  angustis,  parum  ineurvatis  ;  margine  ventraii 
satis  excarvato,  antico  parum  prodiieto,  postico  subtruncato, 
dorsalibus  obtuse  angulatis :  colore  valde  variante ;  plerumque 
pallide  viridi-cinereo,  rufo-fusco  seu  angulatim  toeniato  seu  macu- 
lato  seu  punctate;  regione  umbonali  plerumque  pallida,  interdum 
rufo-fusca  seu  aurantiaca  ;  parte  postica  baud  intensiore :  intus 
plerumque  citrina,  hepatico  varie  j»enicillata :  deyt.  card,  et  lat. 
acutis,  tenuibus ;  margine  niinutissinie  subobsoletira  crenulato. 
Long.  ".TO,  lat.  "o,  alt.  3  poll. 

Variat  t.  latiore.  Variat  quoque  colore  fere  omnino  hepatico,  seu 
cameo,  seu  pallide  aurantiaco,  seu  pallide  cinereo,  seu  albiuo  : 
rarissime  ut  in  Tapete  fuscolineata  oruata. 

8.  Lucina  lingualis. 

L.  testa  solida,  linguiformi,  valde  prolongata  ;  plerumque  aurantiaco- 
carnea,  intus  intensiore ;  lirulis  concentricis  obtusis  crebre  ornata  ; 
marginibus  undique  excurvatis  ;  lunula  minima,  altissime  e.xcavata; 
parte  postica  obscure  biangulata,  seu  subrotundata ;  umbonibus 
anticis  ineurvatis  ;  ligamento  subinterno,  lamina  valida ;  dent, 
card,  et  lat.  normalibus,  validis ;  cicatr.  adduct.  posticis  subovali- 
bus,  anticis  satis  elongatis  ;  linea  pallii  lata,  rugosa  ;  margine  iu- 
terno  crenulato.     Long.  '88,  lat.  "92,  alt.  '4  poll. 

Variat  t.  minus  prolongata.  Variat  quoque  t.  pallide  viridi,  seu  paJ' 
lidii  carnea,  seu  alba. 

9.  ^Crenella  inflata.  —  .;      .  -  - 
tC.  testa  valde  inflata,   minuta,  albida,  subrhomboideo-orbiculari ; 

211 


4  Dr.  P.  P.  Caq>enter  on  new  Furins  of  Mul/usks 

'lincronalitcr  panim  prodiiota ;  mnririulbus  sub(|iif»(lrai)i:iilat?m  ro- 
tuiidatis ;  iinil)oiiil)its  iirorniiientiiiiis,  valile  niitice  intiirtis  ;  tuta 
euperfifie  iit  in  C.  dfcusxatn  seiilpta,  e  >stulis  tTel)ris  radiantibus 
spqiiidistaritibns,  hie  et  illic  aliis  iiitercalati*  ;  linilis  coiicin- 
tricis  decussaiitiljus  :  intus  niar;j;ine  dorsali  Itrevissimo,  arciiato, 
df  ntato  ;  li<;amento  curtissimo,  in  fossa  omnino  interna,  cclata,  la- 
mina detiniente,  sito  ;  lamina  cardinali  sub  uinbonibus  intus  por- 
recta,  dentibus  validis  instriu-ta ;  marjiinibus  intends  omnino  cre- 
natis  ;  cicatr.  addiict.  snbt3equalibus,  ventraliter  sitis.  Long.  "1, 
!at. -IL',  alt.   0!)  poll. 

Located  provisionally  in  Crendla  from  its  likeness  to  C.  de- 
eussnia,  but  with  peeuliarities  of  hinge  and  adductors  which 
approach  Nuculma  on  one  side  and  Cardilia  on  another. 

Genns  Bryophila*. 

Anim.il  ,\vicnlidrpnm,  vivijiarum  :  inter  algas,  etc.,  babitans. 
Tc'stu  Pinnsei'ormis,  extns  pri.sniatira,  intus  sul)nacrea  :  liganientura 
Bolumm  :  umbunes  e.\tante$,  terminales,  intus  concavi. 

10.  Bryophila  sctosa. 

J),  testa  parva,  regulari ;  cinerea,  salmoneo  sen  chocolateo,  intus  sub- 
liacreo,  exquisite  tincta  :  t.  juniore  planata,  semirotnndata,  dor- 
saliter  recta,  requilaterali,  oonspicue  punctata  :  t.  adolesciiite  sub- 
diaphana:  t.  adulta  solidiore ;  umbonibus  rectis,  terniinalibus, 
intus  alte  excavatis  ;  niarg.  dorsali  breviore,  recto ;  antico  recto  ; 
ventrali  et  postico  late  rotundatis :  extus  ej)idermide  subspongiosa 
v?stita,  radiis  setarum  subdistantibus,  marginibus  eleganter  pecfi- 
natis  :  intus  ligamento  solido  dorsaliter  producto ;  limbo  pallii 
eequaliter  prope  marginem  decurrente  ;  ci.  atr.  adduct.  submediana, 
inconspicua  ;  postice  hiante  ;  antice  propter  byssum  tenuera  si- 
nuata.     Long.  '13,  lat.  '2,  alt.  '1  poll. 

Like  a  minute  Pinna,  or  a  transverse  Margaritiphora  without 
ears,  or  an  Isognumon  without  pits.  Differs  from  the  other 
Aviculids  in  being  viviparous,  like  some  other  minute  bivalves. 

11.  ?Atys  casta. 

lA.  testa  elongata,  tenui,  subdiaphana,  albida;  antrorsum  paulum 
tumidiore  ;  spira  celata,  lacuuata,  (t.  adultse)  baud  umbdicata ; 
columella  paulum  intorta,  effusa ;  umbilico  antico  minimo  ;  labro 
postice  producto,  obtuse  angulato  ;  tota  superficie  subtiiiter  spira- 
liter  striatula.     Long.  '4,  lat.  '18  poll. 

On  the  confines  of  the  genus,  related  to  Cylichna. 

12.  Ischnochiton  parallelus. 

I.  testa  ovata,  subelevata  (ad  angulum  I'JO'^);  rufo-fusca,  oHvaceo 
tiucta ;  valvis  latis,  marginibus  parum  rotundatis,  interstitiis  par- 

'>^:t^i.    ;  •■:  ai,;i      •  B^voi»,  sea-moss ;  i^iXor,  loving,    '    "  -"' 

212 


collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas*  S 

vis ;  Talvis  intermediis  valile  iiisctilptis  ;  areis  lateralibus  seriphus 
granulurum  a  jngo  radiaiitibus  circitcr  vi.;  interdum  irregulariliiis, 
granis  rotundatis,  separntis,  extantibus;  areis  centralibus  ilathrif 
creberrimis,  jiijo  parallt'li>i,  horridis,  extantibus,  interdum  granu- 
losis, ornatis ;  valvis  terminalil)us  seriebus  granuloruin,  circ.  xx., 
interdum  bit'ureantibiis,  ut  in  areis  lateralibus,  ornatis ;  nuicrone 
vix  conspicuo ;  limbo  pallii  an<;usto,  pilulis  furvicaceis  creberrimis 
minutis  conferto ;  lobis  valvarum  birtdis,  terminalibus  risa- "is 
circ.  xi.  a  parte  externa  simplici  disjunctis.  Long.  "7,  lat.  '-18, 
alt.  '16  poll. 

Belougs  to  the  group  with  minute  setose  scales. 

13.  Ischnochitun  (?  var.)  prasinatus, 

I.  testa  7.  pnral/e/o  forma  et  indole  simili,  sed  vivide  viridi ;  ar. 
diag.  seriebus  buUularum  irregulariter  ornatis ;  ar.  centr.  clatbria 
valde  extantibus,  acutis,  jngo  ol)tuso  parallelis,  utroque  latere 
circ.  xvi. ;  valv.  term,  seriebus  bnllularum  circ.  xviii. ;  rrucrone 
submediano,  inconspicuo ;  umbonibus  haud  prominentibus  ;  tota 
superficie  minutissime  granulosa :  iutus  valvarum  lobis  mediarum 
i.-  term,  circiter  x.-fissis ;  sinu  lato,  planato ;  suturis  })lanatis  ; 
limbo  pallii  angusto,  minutissime  squamulis  furvicaceis  creberritne 
instructo ;  interdum  pilulis  intercalatis.  Long.  -8,  lat.  -4  poll., 
div.  125°. 

14.  Ischnochiton  serratus. 

L  testa  pan-a,  cinerea,  olivaceo  hie  et  illic,  praecipue  ad  suturas, 
punctata,  interdum  sanguineo  maculata  ;  ovali,  subdepressa,  suturis 
indisti  ictis ;  tota  superficie  minutLssime  granulata  ;  ar.  diag.  valde 
distinct's,  costis  latissimis  obtusis  ii.-v.  munitis,  interstitiis  nullis; 
marginibus  posticis  elegauter  serratis ;  ar.  centr.  costis  acutis, 
})aralleh3,  utroque  latere  circ.  xii. ;  jugo  obtiiso,  haud  umbonato ; 
costis  transversis,  subradiantibus,  tenestrantibus,  interstitiis  im- 
pressis  :  uiucrone  mediano,  obtuso ;  valv.  term,  costis  obtusis,  ut 
in  ar.  diag.,  circ.  xx. :  intus  valvarum  mediarum  lobis  bifissis, 
terminalium  circ.  ix.-fissis ;  lobis  suturalibus  magnis  :  I'mbo  pallii 
squamis  majoribus,  imbricatis,  vix  striatulis.  Long.  -34,  lat.  '2  poll., 
div.  115°. 

Differs  from  Elenensis  in  the  sculpture  of  the  terminal  valves. 

1 5 .  Nacella  pelt  aides. 

y.  testa  parva,  Irevi,  cornea,  subdiaphana,  ancyliformi,  apice  elevato, 
valde  inaequilaterali,  strigis  paliide  castaneis  radiata  ;  intus  njti- 
dissima,  subaurautia.     Long.  '\4,  lat.  "II,  alt.  "05  poll. 

=  Nacella,  sp.  ind.,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  262,  p.  202. 

16.  Acmcea  (?var.)  atrata. 

A.  testa  solida,  rugosa,  conica,  apice  paulum  antrorsnm  sito  ;  extti* 
costis  crebris  rotundatis  irregularibus,  hie  et  illic  majoribus 
sculpta,  baud  apicem  versus  discordanter  corrugatis ;    interstitiis 

213 


C  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  MolIusJcs 

niiiiimis;   intus  alba,   castaneo  et  iiijiro  varie  maculata ;  margiiie 
latiorc,  nigro  tessellato.     Long.  1'3,  lat.  I'O,  alt.  '5  poll. 
Variat   margine  nigro-punctato,  piuictis  plerumque  bifidis.     Variat 
qiuxpie  costis  j)arvis,  creberrimis  ;   margine  nigro. 

Intermediate  between  "P.  discors,"  Phil.,  and  " P  floccaia," 
Ileeve. 

17.  Acmcpa  strigatdla. 

A-  testa  A.  mesoleucce  simili,  scd  minore,  baud  viridi ;  striolis  mini- 
mis, confertissimis,  plerumque  erosis  tenuissime  sculpta  ;  albida, 
strigis  olivaceo-fuscis,  plerumque  radiantibus,  interdum  conflueri- 
tibus  picta  ;  apice  sa'pius  nigro  ;  intus  albida,  margine  satis  lato, 
strigis  tessellato.     Long.  '9,  lat.  "7-1,  alt.  '3  poll. 

Variat  colore  hie  et  illic  aurantiaco  tincto  :  strigis  omnino  tessellatis. 

According  to  Darwin,  this  might  be  regarded  as  a  cross  be- 
tween the  northern  forms  A.pelta  and  A.  ■patina,  about  to  change 
into  the  Gulf  species,  A.  mesuleuca.  The  dark,  variety  resembles 
A.  canthnrus,  but  the  very  delicate  crowded  striae  well  distin- 
guish It  when  not  abraded. 

1 8.  Ghjphis  saturnalis, 

C.  testa  C  ina-qvali  simili,  sed  minore,  latiore,  altiore,  tenuissime 
cancellata;  striis  radiantibus  plus  minusve  proj)inquis,  plus  mi- 
nusve  nodulosis  ;  fissura  prope  trientem  longitudinis  sita,  minima, 
linear!,  medio  lobata  ;  intus  callositate  albida,  truucata.  Long.  '38, 
lat.    ^-I,  alt.  -18  j)oll. 

The  minute  hole  resembles  the  telescopic  appearance  of  Satura 
wben  the  rin":s  are  reduced  to  a  line. 


'D  • 


Subgenus  Eucosmi.\*. 

Testa  solida,  nitida,  variciiata,  baud  nacrea :  apertura  et  anfractug 
rotundati :  conspic\ie  umbilicata :  pcritrema  vix  continuum,  hand 
callosum. 

The  shells  here  grouped  are  like  small,  round-mouthed,  per- 
forated Phasianella.  The  animal  and  operculum  of  the  Cape 
St.  Lucas  s))ecies  are  unknown.  The  Phosianella  striulata,  ilaz. 
Cat.  no.  283  b  {  =  Twh(,  phadanella,  C.  li.  Ad.  Pan.  Sh.  no.  282), 
and  even  \\\q  Lunatia  tenuUhuta,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  572,  are  perhaps 
congeneric. 

19.  Eticosmia  varipgata. 

E,  testa  parva,  laevi,  tnrbinoidoa,  nitentc,  marginibus  spiroe  valde 
excurvatis  ;  rosnceo  et  rufo-fnsco  varie  maculata  ;  anfr.  uucleosis 
regularibus,  vertice  mamillato  ;  normalibus  iv.,  valde  tumentibus, 
rapide  augentibus,  suturi?  im|ircs!iis  ;  anfV.  ultimo  antioe  prodncte; 
oasi  rotundata  ;  urnbilico  carinato  ;  apertuia  vix  a  pancte  indfu- 

*  Th.  fv,  well .;  Kocr/iia,  adorned. 

214 


collected  at  Cape  St,  Lucas,  7 

tata;  peritremate  pene  coiitinuo,  acuto.    Long.  •!,  long.  spir.  'Oj, 
lat.  -07  poll.,  div.  70°. 
Variat  interdum  rugulis  incrementi  ornata. 

20.  Eucosmia  {1  varier/ata,  var.)  suhsiriata. 

E.  testa  E.  variegata  simillima,  sed  anfr.  circa  basin  et  supra  spirara 
(nisi  in  anfr.  nucl.  Isevibus),  interdum  tota  superficie  tenuiter  et 
crebre  striatis  j  striis  ant'r.  penult,  circ.  x. 

21.  Eucosmia  punctata. 

E.  testa  E.  variegatcB  simili,  sed  multo  niajore,  miilto  magis  elon- 
gata,  angustiore,  Phasiauelloidea ;  plerunique  fusco  creberrime 
punctata ;  umbilico  parvo.  Long.  '22,  long.  spir.  "11,  lat.  •  1 5  poll., 
div.  50°. 

22.  Eucosmia  cyclustoma, 

E.  testa  parva,  valde  obtusa,  lata,  regulari,  valvatoldea  ;  marginibus 
spirae  vix  excurvatis ;  pallida  cinerea,  fiHco-olivaoco  dense  punc- 
tata seu  maculata ;  anfr.  nucleosis  paliidis,  mauiillatis  ;  nonnali- 
bus  iii.,  valde  tumentibus,  suturis  valde  impressis;  apertura  vix  a 
pariete  indentata  ;  umbilico  magno,  subspirali.  Long.  "05,  long, 
spir.  -02.5,  lat.  -05  poll.,  div.  90". 

Curiously  like  a  small  depressed  Valvata  obtusa,  but  with  the 
texture  of  Phasianella, 

Genus  Haplocochlias*. 

Testa  Colloninm  simulans,  sed  baud  margaritacea  :  apertura  circu- 
laris,  varicosa :  columella  baud  callosa. 

The  animal  and  operculuia  are  unknown.  Its  affinities  may 
be  with  Ethalia. 

23.  Haplocochlias  cyclophoreus. 

//.  testa  compacta,  parva,  solidiore  ;  albida,  seu  pallide  aurantlaca; 
anfr.  v.,  rapide  augentibus,  suturis  impres.<is  ;  tota  superficie  mi- 
nutissime  spiraliter  striolata,  nitida  ;  a})crtara  rotnndata ;  peri- 
tremate continuo,  incrassato,  extus  varicoso  ;  labio  distincto  ;  axi 
t.  jun.  umbUicata,  adultse  lacunata.  Long.  "I 'J,  long.  spir.  "06, 
lat.  -2  poll.,  div.  100°. 

When  laid  on  its  base,  this  shell  resembles  Ilclicina ;  but  the 
mouth  is  more  like  Cijclophorus.  The  young  shell  is  semi- 
transparent,  and  resembles  a  Vitrinella  with  thickened  lip. 

24.  Narica  aperta. 

N.  testa  parva,  inflata,  tenui,  alba;  anfr.  nucl.  ?....;  norm,  rapide 
augentibus,  lirulis  crebris  s]»iralibus,  in  spira  hie  et  illic  majori- 
bus,  a  striolis  creberrimis  radiantibus  minutissime  decussatis  •, 
euiuris  valde  impressis  ;  apertura  subcirculari ;  umbilico  maximu, 

*  Til.  aTtkovi,  unadorned ;  (co;^Xi'ar,  snail. 

215 


ft  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusks 

carinato,  anfractus  intus  raonstrante.     Long.  '28,  long.  spir.  '08, 
lat.  -3  poll.,  div.  110°. 

25.  Fussarus  parcipidus. 

F.  testa  parva,  solidiore,  spira  plus  minusve  elevata;  albida,  rufo- 
fusco  varie  maculata  ;  carinulis  spiralibus  acutioribus,  quarum 
circ.  vi.  majores,  striolisque  crebris  cincta  ;  anfr.  ultimo  tutnidiore  ; 
labro  acuto,  baud  intus  iucrassato ;  umbiiico  satis  magno,  ad  mar- 
gineni  carinato  :  operculo  normali.  Long.  "24,  long.  spir.  *06, 
iat.  -2  poll.,  div.  90°. 

The  few  specimens  found  tire  very  variable  in  outline. 

26.  Fossarus  purus. 

F.  testa  F.  angvlato  simili,  sed  alba,  subdiaphana ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii., 
fuscis,  ut  in  F.  tuberoso  cancellatis  ;  norm.  ii.  et  diinidio,  altis, 
valde  tumentibus,  carinatis ;  carinis  iv.,  validissiniis,  acuti^simis, 
quarum  ii.  in  spira  monstrantur ;  carinulis  aliis  antice  et  postice 
plus  minusve  expressis  ;  tota  superficie  minute  spiraliter  striata  ; 
carinularum  basalium  interstitiis  subobsolete  decussatis;  apertura 
late  semilunata ;  labro  a  carinis  valde  indentato  j  labio  recto,  an- 
gusto  ;  umbiiico  magno,  carinato  ;  operculo  fusco,  valde  pauci- 
spirali,  minutissime  rusruloso,  nucleo  antico.  Long.  '08,  long, 
spir.  -03,  lat.  -08  poll.,  div.  90°. 

27.  Litorina  pullata. 

X.  testa  parva,  solidiore,  luctuosa ;  spira  satis  exserta  ;  nigrescente, 
seu  livido-t'usco  tincta,  lineis  spiralibus  exilissimis  pallidioribus  or- 
nata ;  interdum  obscure  tessellata  ;  anfr.  v.,  subplanatis,  suturis 
parum  impressis;  sublaevi,  striolis  spiralibus  teuuiter  insculpta;  co- 
lumella intus  incrassata ;  pariete  baud  excavato.  Long.  '4,  long, 
spir.  -18,  lat.  -29  poll.,  div.  60°. 

=  Litorina,  sp.  ind.^  Maz.  Cat.  no.  399,  p.  350. 

28.  Litorina  [Philippii,  var.)  penicillata. 

Jj.  Ph.  testa  parva,  lineis  radiantibus,  variantibus,  delicatuHs,  rarius 
ziczacfonnibus,  et  cingulis  duobus  spiralibus,  quorum  unum  in 
spira  monstratur,  elegantissime  penicillata.  Long.  '33,  long, 
spir.  -14,  lat.   2  poll.,  div.  50°. 

Closely  resembling  the  West-Indian  L.  ziczac,  var.  lineata, 
D'Orb.  Intermediate  specimens,  however,  clearly  connect  it 
with  the  common  Mazatlan  form. 

29.  Rissoa  albolirata. 

It.  testa  parva,  alba,  crystallina,  normali ;  marginibus  spirse  undatis; 
anfr.  nucl.  iii.,  Isevibus,  mamillatis ;  norm,  iv.,  medio  subconvexis, 
postice  supra  suturas  planatis  ;  basi  subplanata,  effusa,  hand  um- 
bilicata  ;  lirulis  spiralibus  crebris,  obtusis,  quarum  circ.  x.  in  spira 
monstrautur ;    apertura   subovata,    peritremate   contiuuo ;    labro 

216 


Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mullusks.  9 

arcuato,    vix   antice   et   postice   simiato,    calloso ;    labio  valido. 
Long.  -1,  long.  spir.  "08,  lat.  '04  poll.,  div.  'J.")°.         . 

30.  Fenella  cri/staUina. 

F.  testa  alba,  subdiaphana,  turrita,  rudiore  ;  marginibiis  spirse  rectis, 
parum  divergentibus  ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?.. .  (decollatis)  ;  norm,  v.,  valde 
rotundatis,  suturis  impressis  ;  costis  radiantilnis  circ.  xvi..  valJe 
rotundatis,  hand  extantibns,  interstitiis  latis  ;  striis  spiralibus 
regularibus,  in  anfr.  penult,  xvi. ;  apertura  rotnndata ;  basi  ro- 
tuudata ;  peritremate  continuo ;  labro  cxtus  varicoso  ;  labio  cal- 
loso.    Long.  '14,  long.  spir.  "ll,  lat.  '05  poll.,  div.  20°. 

31.  1  Hydrobia  compacta. 

?^.  testa  Isevi,  curta,  compacta,  latiore;  marginibus  spirae  vix  ex- 
curvatis  ;  anfr.  nucl.  normalibus,  apice  maniillato  ;  norm,  iv.,  tn- 
midis,  suturis  distinctis  ;  spira  curtiore  ;  basi  rutandata  ;  apertura 
Subovata  ;  peritremate  continuo  ;  labio  defiaito.  Long.  04,  long, 
spir.  -02,  lat.  -03  poll.,  div.  70". 

This  unique  shell  may  be  a  Barleeia. 

32.  Hyala  rotundata, 

n.  testa  (quoad  genus)  magna,  tenui,  alba,  diaphana ;  anfr.  nucl. 
normalibus,  apice  mamillato ;  norm,  iv.,  globosis,  rapide  angenti- 
bus,  suturis  valde  impressis  ;  basi  rotundata  ;  apertura  subrotun- 
data,  ad  suturam  subangulata ;  peritremate  continuo ;  labio  a 
pariete  separato,  rimulam  umbilicalem  formante  ;  columella  valde 
arcuata.     Long.  '18,  long.  spir.  "09,  lat.  '1  poll.,  div.  40°. 

A  unique  shell,  resembling  a  marine  Bithinia. 

33.  IDiala  electrina. 

?D.  testa  subdiaphana,  rufo-cornea,  nitida;  marginibus  spirre  parum 
excurvatis  ;  vertice  nucleoso,  helicoideo ;  anfr.  iii.,  tumidis,  suturis 
baud  impressis, apice  magno  mamillato;  anfr.  norm,  iii.,  subplanatis, 
suturis  distinctis  ;  sculptura  baud  expressa  ;  tota  superficie  cos- 
tulis  obscuris,  latis,  spiralibus,  quarum  vi.-viii.  in  spira  monstran- 
lur,  et  iii.-v.  circa  basim  rotundatam,  interdum  obsoletis,  cincta ; 
costulis  radiantibus  circ.  xviii.,  subobsoletis ;  apertura  ri'gulariter 
ovata,  ad  suturam  angulata,  peritremate  continuo ;  basi  baud  um- 
bilicata  ;  columella  regulariter  arcuata.  Long.  "09,  long.  spir.  "07, 
lat.  -03  poll.,  div.  30°. 

34.  Acirsa  Menesthoides. 

A.  testa  nitida,  turrita,  majore,  solidiore,  pallide  fusca  ;  anfr.  nucl. 
Isevibus ;  norm,  vi.,  subplanatis,  suturis  distinctis  ;  lineis  crcbris 
spiralibus  insculpta,  quarum  circ.  viii.  in  spira  monstrantur ;  testa 
adolescente  lirulis  radiantibus  obsoletis  decussata ;  apertura  snb- 
ovali;  columella  solida,  imperforata.  Long.  •42,  long.  spir.  -a, 
Int. -16  poll.,  div.  25^ 

217 


10  Dr.  r.  p.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusks 

35,   Cythnia  asteriaphila. 

C.  testa  C.  tutnenti  simillima,  sed  umbilico  minore,  haud  carinato , 
tenuissima,  diaphana  ;  anfr.  iv.,  tumidis  ;  vert.  nucl.  normali,  baud 
Bt\  lineo,  apice  niainillato  :  operculo  tenuissimo,  elementis  conceu- 
tricis,  nucleo  sitbmediauo  sinistrorsum  sito.  Long.  '03,  long, 
spir.  -01.5,  lat,  -025  poll.,  div.  60°. 

A  solitary  specimen  was  found  by  Dr.  Stimpson,  imbedded  in 
a  star-tish,  like  Stylina ;  from  which  genus  the  vertex  and  oper- 
culum distinguish  it. 

36.  Bittium  nitcns. 

B.  testa  regulari,  rufo-fusca,  hie  et  illic  pallida,  maxime  nitente ; 
anfr.  nucl.  iii.,  Ifevibus,  tumidis,  apice  submamillato,  subdeclivi  ; 
norm,  vi.,  tumidis,  suturis  impressis ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xiv., 
haud  contiguis,  angustis,  interstitiis  undatis  ;  costulis  rotundatis, 
spiralibus,  in  spira  iv.,  quarura  postica  multo  minor,  supercur- 
rentibus,  ad  intersectiones  subnodosis  ;  costulis  circa  basim  sub- 
rotundatam  iv.,  haud  decussatis  ;  apertura  subquadrata  ;  columella 
haud  truncata,  obtuse  angulata  ;  labro  acuto,  a  costulis  indentato; 
labio  iuconspicuo.   Long.  '21,  long.  spir.  "16,  lat.  'Oti  poll.,  div.  20°. 

37.  Manyelia  subdiaphana. 

M.  testa  parva,  subdiaphana,  albida,  interdurn  rufo-fusco  pallida 
tincta ;  satis  turrita,  marginibus  spirse  parum  excurvatis  ;  anfr. 
nucleosis  iii.,  Isevibus,  diaphanis,  apice  mamillato  ;  norm,  iv.,  satis 
excurvatis,  haud  angulatis,  suturis  impressis  ;  fascia  super  spiram 
paUide  fusca,  alteraque  Candida  contigua ;  costulis  radiantibus 
xiv.-xviii.,  acutis,  subrectis,  distantibus,  interstitiis  undatis ;  tota 
superficie  minute  et  creberrime  spiraliter  striata ;  basi  producta, 
striis  magis  expressis  ;  apertura  subelongata  ;  labro  ad  dorsum 
incrassato,  postice  distincte  emarginato,  intus  haud  dentato  ;  labio 
tenuissimo;  columella  recta,  antice  late  canaliculata.  Long.  'I'J, 
long.  spir.  •],  lat.  'OO  poll.,  div.  30°. 

38.  Drillia  appressa. 

D.  testa  parva,  compacta ;  rufo-fusca,  interdurn  supra  costas  palli- 
diore ;  marginibus  spiree  excurvatis;  anfr.  norm,  vi.,  plaiiatis, 
suturis  indistinctis  ;  costis  tuberculosis  radiantibus  circ.  xiv.,  antice 
et  postice  obsoletis;  striolis  spiralibus  creberrimis ;  costa  spirali 
irregular!  postica,  tuberculosa,  super  suturas  aj)pressa ;  area  sinus 
parvi  vix  definita ;  basi  satis  prolongata;  apertura  subquadrata; 
labio  distincto.     Long.  "3,  long.  spir.  "17,  lat.  '12  poll.,  div.  40°. 

39.   Cithara  fusconotata. 

C.  testa  parva,  satis  turrita,  tenui,  albida ;  postice  linea,  seu  serie 
macularum,  rufo-fusca,  interdurn  altera  peripheriali  ornata  ;  mar- 
ginibus spirse  reciioribus;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  rotundatis,  apice  mamil- 
lato; norm,  vi.,  in  spira  rotundatis,  suturis  impressis;  basi  satis 
rotundataj  costis  radiantibus  circ.  i\.,  acutis,  distautibus,  antice 

218 


collected  at  Cnpe  St.  Lucas,  11 

et  postice  subobsoletis ;  tota  siijiLrficie  spiraliter  sulcata,  sulculis 
Subdistantibus,  undatis,  costas  su])erantibus ;  apertura  subovali, 
satis  elongata,  postice  valde  sinuata ;  labro  acuto,  dorsaliter  costu- 
lato,  intus  baud  dentato;  labio  teuui.  Long.  '36,  long.  spir.  '18, 
lat.  -16  poll.,  div.  40°. 

40.  Obeliscus  variegatus. 

0.  testa  0.  hastato  simili ;  nitidissima,  striolis  incrementi  exilissimis ; 
livido  et  castaneo  vane  nebulosa;  prope  suturam  canaliculatam 
liiieis  albidis  picta ;  hie  et  illic  callositate  alba  interna ;  peripheria 
circa  basin  insculpta,  unicolore ;  columella  truncata,  triplicata  ; 
plica  superiore  acuta,  exstante,  circa  basim  continua ;  plicis  anticis 
parvis,  spiralibu3.  Long.  '44,  long.  spir.  '3,  lat.  '15  poll.,  div.  23°. 

41.   Odostomia  (Evalea)  aquisculpta. 

O.  testa  parva,  ovoidea,  alba,  subdiaphanaj  marginibus  spirse  sub- 
rectis;  vert.  nucl.  ?....,  normaliter  truncato ;  aufr.  norm,  iv., 
parum  arcuatis,  suturis  impressis  ;  tota  superficie  costulis  spirali- 
bus  circ.  xiv.,  quarum  vi.  in  spira  monstrantur,  latis,  planatis, 
aequidistantibus ;  interstitiis  parvis ;  basi  rotundata ;  apertura 
ovata;  peritremate  hand  continue  ;  labro  acuto  ;  labio  subobsoleto; 
plica juxta  parietem  conspicua, acuta,  transversa ;  columella  arcuata, 
rimulam  umbilicalera  formante.  Long.  '07,  long.  spir.  '04,  lat, 
•03  poll.,  div.  40°, 

42.  Odostomia  [Evalea)  delicatula. 

0.  testa  tenuissima,  alba,  diaphana,  nitente,  elongata ;  margirii- 
bus  spirae  eleganter  excurvatis  ;  vert.  nucl.  Isevi,  globoso,  decli- 
viter  immerso  ;  anfr.  norm,  iii.,  subplanatis,  suturis  impressis  ; 
liris  subacutis,  spiralibus,  quarum  v.  in  spira  monstrantur ;  inter- 
stitiis latis,  undatis,  creberrime  decussatis  ;  basi  elongata ;  aper- 
tura oblonga,  peritremate  baud  continuo  ;  labro  teuui ;  labio  vix 
conspicuo ;  plica  juxta  parietem  exstante,  declivi.  Long.  '07^, 
long.  spir.  '04,  lat.  -03  poll.,  div.  30°. 

43.  Chrysallida  angusta. 

C.  testa  parva,  satis  elongata,  nitida,  alba,  sculptura  minus  expre^sa; 
marginibus  spirae  parum  excurvatis ;  vert.  nucl.  parvo,  subito 
immerso,  dimidium  truncationis  tegente  ;  anfr.  norm,  v.,  planatis, 
elongatis,  suturis  minus  impressis;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xiii., 
plerumque  lineis  continuis  marginibus  utrinque  parallelis,  circa 
basim  productam  obsoletis ;  lirulis  spiralibus  angustis,  in  spira 
circ.  v.,  interstitiis  decussantibus,  supra  costas  baud  nodulosis ; 
apertura  ovali ;  peritremate  parum  continuo ;  labro  tenui,  trans- 
lucido ;  labio  tenui ;  plica  juxta  parietem  parva,  obtusa.  Long. 
•09.5,  long.  spir. '065,  lat. -028  poll.,  div.  20°. 

4i.  Eulima  fuscostrigata. 

E.  testa  minore,  gracillima,  albida,  striga  latiore  rufo-fusca  svpra 

219 


12  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Furrns  of  MoUusks 

peripheriam  omata ;  basi  quoque  rufo-fusca,  valde  prolongata, 
regulariter  excurvata ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  tumidioribus ;  norm,  viii., 
planatis,  suturis  baud  conspicuis ;  varicibus  nullis  ;  apertura  valde 
elongata  ;  labro  vix  siuuato  ;  labio  vix  calloso.  Long.  '  1 7,  long, 
spir.  -12,  lat.  -05  poll,,  div.  20°. 

45.   Opalia  crenatoides. 

0.  testa  turrita,  alba,  marginibus  spirse  rectis;  anfr.  nucl. ?....; 
norm,  vi.,  compactis,  attiugent?bus  ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  x.,  in 
spira  plerumque  obsoletis,  ultimo  anfractu  validioribus,  latis,  baud 
exstantibus,  attingentibus,  spiram  lineis  fere  rectis  ascendentibus  ; 
suturis  inter  costas  altissirae  indentatis  ;  carina  obtusa  basali,  su- 
turae  continua ;  inter  costas  radiantes  undique,  ut  in  suturis,  in- 
dentata  ;  costis  interdum,  propter  lirulas  spirales  subobsoletas,  sub- 
nodosis  ;  columella  hand  umbilicata  ;  basi  antice  Isevi.  Long.  '54, 
long.  spir.  '38,  lat.  -23  poll.,  div.  30°. 

Additional  specimens  may  connect  this  with  the  Portuguese 
O.  crenata. 

46.   Truncaria  eurytoides. 

T.  testa  parva,  turrita,  gracili ;  albida,  ssepiis  fascia  circa  peripheriam 
maculis  fusco-aurantiacis  picta  ;  anfr.  nucl.  mamillatis,  laevibus  ; 
norm,  v.,  effusis,  subplanatis,  ultimo  paulum  constricto  ;  costulis 
radiantibus  circ.  xx.,  aperturam  versus  evanidis ;  apertura  sub- 
quadrata ;  labro  baud  iucrassato,  interdum  intus  subtiliter  striate, 
baud  dentato ;  labio  appresso ;  columella  abrupte  truncata. 
Long.  '3,  long.  spir.  '2,  lat.  'll  poll.,  div.  23°. 

Variat  basi  fusco  tincta,  seu  tota  superficie  ut  in  Nitidella  cribraria 
picta. 

47.  Sistrum  (?  ochrostoma,  var.)  rufonotatum. 

S.  testa  S.  ochrostomati  simili,  sed  minore,  angustiore,  vix  tabulata ; 
alba,  linea  punctorum  rufo-fuscorum  subperipberiali,  interdum 
lineis  spiralibus,  interdum  ejusdeni  coloris  maculis,  ornata ;  vert, 
nucl.  mamillato,  anfr.  iii.,  laevibus,  vix  tumidis  ;  norm,  v.,  plu3 
minusve  elongatis,  in  medio  nodoso-angulatis,  postico  planatis, 
suturis  ad  angulum  valde  obtusum  conspicuis  ;  seriebus  nodulor-.im 
spiralibus  iii.,  quarum  postica  major,  secundum  costas  radiantes 
obsoletas  circ.  vi.-viii.  ordinatis  ;  seriebus  auticis  iiicouspicuis  ii. ; 
interdum  costulis  spiralibus  intercalatis ;  canali  brevi,  rectiore, 
aperto,  angusto;  apertura  subovali,  vix  subquadrata,  intns  pallida 
aurantiaca ;  labro  acutiore,  dorsaliter  subvaricoso,  postice  ssepe 
sinuato,  intus  obscure  vi. -dentato  ;  labio  conspicuo,  interdum  ex- 
stante.     Long.  '5,  long.  spir.  "23,  lat.  •'61  poll.,  div.  60°. 

Variat  testa  obesa,  nodulis  validis.  Variat  quoque  testa  acuminata, 
nodulis  subobsoletis.  Long.  -52,  long.  spir.  "23,  lat.  -25  poll., 
div.  42°. 

48.  tNitidella  millepimctaia, 

^.N.  testa  parva,  nitida,  livida ;  spira  exstante,  anfractibus  subpla- 
natis, Buturiii  distiuctis ;  anfr.  nucl.  laevibus,  adoksccutibus  ob&o- 

220 


collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas.  18 

lete  racliatim  lirulatis,  adultis  laevibns ;  zona  alba  postica,  sutnram 
attiiigeiitc,  aurantiaco  inai'ulata  ■,  tola  praeter  zonain  superfieie  au- 
rantiaco  puiicticulata,  pnnctis  minimis,  creberrimis,  rti  quincunces 
dispositis  ;  apcrtura  subquadrata  ;  labro  incrassato,  intu3  vi.-den- 
tato ;  labio  exstante,  a  linilis  circa  basim  spiralibus  indeutato. 
Long.  '3,  long.  spir.  "l",  lat.  "I.t  poll.,  div.  40°. 

Differs  from  C'ulumbetla  albuyinosa,  Rve.,  in  its  peculiar  and 
constant  painting. 

49.  "iXitidclla  densilineata. 

IN.  testa  ?A'^.  miUepunctafam  forma  et  indole  simulante,  sed  omnino 
nitida,  anfractibus  jdanatis,  sutiiris  indistinctis,  striolis  circa  basim 
minimis;  livida,  lineolis  aiirantiaco-fuscis  divaricatis,  ssepe  ziczac- 
formibus,  densissime  signata.  Long.  '25,  long.  spir.  "lo,  lat.  "1 
poll.,  div.  3.»°. 

The  opercula  of  these  two  species  being  unknown,  their 
generic  position  remains  doubtful.  The  same  is  true  of  the  two 
following. 

50.  ?Anachis  tincta. 

1A.  testa  parva,  turrita,  albida,  rufo- aurantiaco  supra  costas  tincta  ; 
anfr.  nucl.  laevibus  ;  norm,  iv.-v.,  subplanatis,  suturis  \alde  im- 
pressis ;  costulis  x.  radiautibus,  et  liris  spiralibus  transeuntibus, 
in  spira  iii.  supra  costas  conspicuis,  unaque  in  sutura,  dense  in- 
sculpta;  intersiitiis  alte  caelatis ;  apertura  subquadrata ;  labro  in 
medio  incrassato.  Long.  '19,  long.  spir.  'Vl,  lat.  '08  poll., 
div.  30°. 

51.  tAnachis  fuscostrigata. 

fA.  testa  parva,  turrita,  livida,  nitida  ;  zonls  rufo-fuscis,  subspiralibus, 
in  spira  circ.  iii.,  interdum,  mixime  ad  basim,  confluentibus,  con- 
spicue  cincta ;  lirulis  radiantibus  subobsoletis,  circ.  x.,  prope  su- 
turam  se  monstraiitibus  ;  apertura  subquadrata.  Long.  '13,  loug. 
spir.  -095,  lat.  -04.5  poll.,  div.  20°. 

52.  Pisania  elata, 

P.  testa  minore,  valde  turrita,  Latiroidea  ;  alba,  rufo-fusco  antice  ei 
postice  varie  maculata  sen  stiigata;  anfr.  nucl.  ?....;  norm,  vi., 
convexis,  suturis  impressis ;  costis  radiantibus  vi.-viii.,  obtusis, 
interstitiis  undatis ;  lirulis  spiralibus  distantibus,  in  spira  plerum- 
que  iii.,  aliis  minoribus  intt  rcalantibus ;  canali  angusto,  sub- 
recurvato  ;  apertura  subovata  ;  pariete  postice  dentata  ;  columella 
parum  coutorta.     Long.  '68,  loug.  spir.  •37,  lat.  "29  poll.,  div.  38^. 

221 


D. 


CONTRIBUTIONS 


TOWARDS  A 


MOXOGRAPH  OF  THE  PANDORIDJI. 


BT 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Pe.  D. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zo"'(ogical  Society  of  London,  pp.  596-603, 

November  22,  1864. 


(  223   ) 


Contributions  'i'j    vrds  a  V  ONOon  vrn  of  the  PANDOUiD-a. 
By  Phidi-  ".  CARrK.vTER,  15. A  ,  Ph.D. 

It  is  remarkable  that,  notwithstanding  the  zeal  with  which  most  of 
the  old  genera  have  been  divided,  lo  meet  the  wants  of  modern  n  ala- 
cology,  the  genus  Pandora,  Lam.,  has  been  left  untouched  l)y  Dr. 
Gray,  Messrs.  Adams,  and  their  fi)llower,  Chenu.  Yet  the  species 
known  to  the  elder  Sowerby  present  three  distinct  types  of  hinge, 
which  were  well  figured  by  him  in  his  '  Conchological  Illustrations.' 
Specimens  and  even  species  of  Pandora  (except  of  the  well-known 
N.  Atlantic  forms)  being  very  rarely  seen  in  collections,  it  is  pre- 
sumed that  naturalists  have  had  but  few  opportunities  of  studying 
them.  Mr.  Cuming  having  most  kindly  allowed  me  to  examine  the 
hinge  of  all  the  species  in  his  collection,  it  has  appeared  desirable  to 
propose  two  new  genera,  and  also  to  group  part  of  the  typical  species 
under  a  subgenus. 

It  was  at  one  time  thought  that  the  presence  of  an  ossicle  in  the 
cartilage  was  a  family  mark  ol  inatinidee,  to  which  Mi/adora  from 
Pandoridce,  and  Tellimya  from  Kelliada,  were  consequently  removed. 
One  of  the  new  genera  of  Pandorids,  however,  possesses  a  well-deve- 
loped o-isicle ;  and  a  small  one  is  seen  even  in  some  species  of  the 
normal  genus. 

The  most  highly  organized  structure  in  the  family  is  found  in  the 
North  American  genus  Clidiophora,  which  has  both  clavicle*  and 
ossicle;  the  next  is  the  East- Indian  group  Coe/odon,  which  wants 
both  clavicle  and  ossicle,  but  possesses  a  tent-shaped  dentition  in  the 
left  valve.  The  simplest  form  is  the  well-known  Pandora,  which 
has  neither  clavicle,  tent,  nor  ossicle  ;  but  in  the  subgenus  Kennerlia 
the  ossicle  is  present.  The  genus  Myodora  is  quite  distinct,  but 
connected  with  Pandora  through  Kennerlia. 

Genus  CLioioPHORAf. 

Testa  Pandortformis,  ventraliter  expansa;  vaha  dextra  tridenfafa, 
denle  postico  elonyafo  ;  vulva  sinistra  scppius  bidentata,  dente 
antico  siniplici ;  cartilugine  ossiculo  frmata  ;  sinu  pallii  nulto. 

1 .  Type,  Clidiophora  claviculata,  Cpr.  {Pandora  cl.)  P.Z.S. 
185.1,  p.  228. 

*  The  word  "  clavicle  "  is  used  (in  default  of  a  better)  to  denote  a  linear  dental 
process  riiniiini;  into  the  body  of  the  fhell,  often  serving  as  a  support  to  the  car- 
dinal plate,  as  in  Annlina  and  some  species  of  Placimomia, 

t  Til.  •rXurior',  a  clavicle:  (btpm.  . 

15  225 


In  the  dentition  of  tlip  rij^ht  vnlve  tliis  ^ouws  ro«pmI)les  Ctrfodotif 
except  that  tlie  posterior  lamina  is  greatly  developt-d,  resembling  a 
divide.  Tlie  left  valve  wants  the  central  toutli  and  diatnliernf"  tl.it 
geinis.  This  strnctnral  deficiency,  however,  is  conipcnsati'd  by  the 
development  of  an  ossicle  in  the  long  cartilaire.  As  far  as  is  known, 
all  the  species  are  from  North  and  Central  America,  and  are  swollen 
ventrally. 

2.  ClIDIOPHORA  CRISTATA. 

C.  t.  securi/ormi,  uiinus  trans^eri»a,  fennf,  suhplnnata  ;  timboni- 
biis  ad  t  lonffitiidiiiis  sitis ;  rent;  af Her  miixime  excuri'ata  ; 
mnrfiinihiiH  dorsal ihiis,  post,  mrixime  tuciirrnto,  ant.  h'>r  et  illlc 
alulis  trianyularihua  cristato  :  i/ifnx  ttninjiuibiis  pos'icis  utra- 
que  in  ra/ra  erectis :  v.  dextr.  deiitc  posttco  satis  Umyo,  cicO' 
trice  adductoris  tenus  hand  porrecto ;  dente  centrali  extunte  ; 
dente  anticn  <i  maryive  separata,  usque  ad  cic.  aiiticum  porrecto, 
haud  extante :  v.  siiiistr.  dente  post,  bifida,  hand  eufante,  ul- 
teruni  recipiente,  fossa  cartilayiiien  coiifiyuit  ;  d.  centr.  tiullo  ; 
d.  ant.  satis  extante,  usque  ad  cicatr.  ant icam  porrecto  ;  tinea 
palliari  a  uiaryme  ralde  reinata,  reyulariter  in  puncta  divisa  ; 
radiis  ab  umbonibus  usque  ad  puncta  cunspicuis,  cequulibua ; 
ossiculo  tenui,  elongato. 
Long.  1"0,  lat.  "6,  alt.  -1  poll. 

Hab.  in  sinu  Californiensi ;  legit  Conway  Shipley  diligentissimusj 
sp.  nn.  in  Museo  Cuniingiano. 

This  species  is  known  from  C.  claviculata  by  the  much  greater 
posterior  curvature  of  the  beaks,  and  anteriorly  by  the  bciiutiful  tri- 
angular wing-like  serrations  of  the  margin,  in  which  it  resembles 
Tellidora  burneti.  The  inside  has  elegant  rays  from  the  umbo  to 
the  dotted  pallial  liue. 

3.  Clidiophora  tabacea,  Meusch.  (Mas.  Gron.). 

Specimens  under  this  specific  name  are  preserved  in  the  Cumingian 
collection. 

3  a.  Clidiophora  trilineata,  Sav  (^Pandora  tr.),  Ilanl.  Rec. 
Shdls,  p.  49. 

3  b.  Clidiophora  nasuta,  Sby.  (^Pandora  n.),  Sp.  Conch,  f, 
18,  19. 

It  is  probable  that  these  are  simply  varietal  forms  of  the  well-known 
New  England  species.  Say's  name  and  Sowerby's  excellent  figure 
prove  that  the  peculiar  hinge  of  the  genus  was  observed  by  both 
authors.  Mr.  Cuming  gives  "Philippines"  as  the  habitat  of  his 
specimens  of  C.  nasuta,  probably  in  error.  Mr.  Ilanley  quotes  it  as  a 
synonym  of  C.  trilineata.  An  examination  of  a  large  series  from  Staten 
I:>land  proves  that  the  outhue  varies  considerably.  The  tablet  in 
the  Nuttallian  collection  at  the  British  Museum,  marked  Pandora 
punctata,  belongs  to  this  species.    Young  shells,  when  quite  perlect, 

226 


display  faint  radiating  grooves  on  the  prismatic  layer  of  the  flat  valve, 
as  in  Kennerlia. 

4.  Clidiophora  punctata,  Conr. 

TW\s  very  rare  species  was  only  known  in  England  by  worn  left 
Talves  in  the  British  Mnseum,  and  in  Mr.  Cuiniiij;'s  and  Mr.  llanU-y's 
collections.  The  first  perfect  specimens  were  dredged  l)y  Ur.  J.  G. 
Cooper  (Zoologist  to  the  Calitbrnian  State  Survey)  at  San  IVdro. 
A  young  shell,  sent  by  him  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  disjjlays 
a  dentition  agreeing  in  the  main  with  C.  tiilineuta.  In  the  Hat 
valve,  the  central  and  anterior  teeth  are  close  together  and  niatly 
parallel  ;  the  anterior  short,  nearly  obsolete  ;  the  middle  long  and 
sharp,  corresponding  with  the  long,  sharp  tooth  in  the  convex  valve, 
which  points  to  the  outside  of  ilie  anterior  scar,  instead  of  to  the 
middle,  as  in  C.  trilineata.  The  (posterior)  clavicle-tooth  in  the  tiat 
valve  is  longer  than  in  the  Eastern  species,  with  the  cartilage  on  it 
for  two-fifths  of  the  length.  In  C.  trilineata  it  lies  by  the  side,  nearly 
the  whole  way.  The  posterior  margin  of  the  convex  valve  fits  between 
the  clavicle  and  the  margin  of  the  Hat  valve.  The  ossicle  is  remark- 
ably long  and  thin.  The  punctures  are  extremely  conspicuous  even 
in  this  young,  transparent,  and  papyraceous  specimen  ;  and,  what  is 
more  peculiar,  the  dried  remains  of  the  animal  are  covered  with 
minute  pearl-shaped  grains  of  shelly  matter  corresponding  with  them. 

4a.  Clidiophora  depressa,  ^h\.,=: Pandora  d.,  Sp.  Conch,  f. 
11,  12  ;  Haul.  Rec.  Shells,  p.  49. 

The  "posterior"  dilated  side  of  Sowrrby  is  the  "anterior"  of 
Hanley.  The  species  was  constituted  from  a  "  very  few  specimens, 
all  of  them  much  worn  down,  as  if  they  had  been  used  as  ornaments." 
The  hinge  therefore  may  not  have  been  accurately  observed.  They 
were  part  of  the  Humphrey  collection,  and  perhaps  from  the  Califor- 
nian  region.  Judging  from  the  shape  (for  no  type  has  been  disco- 
vered), it  may  be  identical  with  C.  punctata,  (^our. 

5.  Clidiophora  acutedentata  (vice  C.  B.  Ad.). 

C.  /.  parum  "  elongata,  ovata  ;  parte  postica  "  haud  rostrata, 
latiors,  obtusa :  "marline dorsali" posfico  "subrecfo;  waryine 
ventrali  rotundato,"  haud  tumente ;  parte  antica  curtiore; 
"umhonibua  sulcequahter  subconrexis,  vrnOone  dextro  postice 
angulato^' :  intus,  v.  convexa  dente  antico  magno,  acutissiino, 
medio  parvo,  postico  valido,  maxinie  elonyato  ;  v.  planata  den- 
tibus  antico  et postico  acutis  ;  ligamentojuxta  dentem poslicum 
sito. 
*'Long.  •/,  lat.  -42,  alt.  -11  poll." 

Hub.  in  Panama:  sp.  unicum,  postice  fractum,  legit  C.  B.  Adams 
deploratus  :  Museo  Coll.  Amherstian'ce  :=^ Pandora  cornula  (Gid.), 
C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  498,  P.Z.S.  18()3,  p.  3(iS. 

Prof.  Adams's  "appropriate  name  suggested  by  Dr.  Gould  "  being 
crdculated  to   mislead,   I  have  tliouclit   it  iiecessaiv  to  cliaii'jie  ii. 

227  ^ 


MiKt  of  tlic  nriirinal  dlnsnosis  must  a1«o  be  droppe(3,  the  parts  above 
quoted  Ix'iiia;  all  that  it  is  desirable  to  retain.  The  present  descrip- 
tion is  written  from  notes  and  drawings  made  on  a  carefid  examina- 
tion of  the  broken  ty])e.  The  lines  of  growth  show  that,  so  far  from 
being  "  cornute,"  the  species  is  remarkable  for  the  absence  of  beak, 
-^the  margins  being  more  equally  rounded  even  than  in  P.  ohfvsa, 
which  in  shape  it  somewhat  resem'-ies.  The  hinge  is  almost  exactly 
like  that  of  C.  claviculata,  jun.,  but  differs  in  the  somewhat  greater 
proportionate  length  of  the  clavicle,  and  in  the  unwonted  size  and 
sharp  pointing  of  the  anterior  tooth.  The  new  name  has  been  chosen 
to  record  this  peculia.ity,  rather  than  follow  the  modern  custom  of 
naming  from  the  author  of  the  mistake.  The  best  naturalists  occa- 
sionally err ;  but  corrections  can  be  made  without  affixing  a  false  com- 
pliment in  perpetuity. 

6.  ?Clidiophora  discors,  Sbv.  {Pandora  d.),  P.  Z.  S.  1835, 
p.  99 ;  Sp.  Conch,  f.  29,  30. 

The  type  has  not  been  discovered  ;  the  figure  and  diagnosis  only 
relate  to  the  outside ;  and  the  habitat  is  not  stated.  The  genus  is 
therefore  doubtful ;  but  in  shape  it  resembles  the  young  of  C.  clavi- 
culata. 

7.  ?  Clidiophora  arcuata,  Sbv.  {Pandora  a.),  Sp.  Conch,  f.  27, 
28  ;  P.  Z.  S.  183.5,  p.  93  ;  Hani.  Kec.  Shells,  p.  49. 

The  worn  valves  in  the  Cumingian  collection  do  not  allow  of  a 
confident  determination  of  the  genus. 

Genus  Ccelodon*. 

Testa  Pandoriformis  :  valva  sinistra  deiitihis  duobtis,  cicntn'rpm 
addiictcris  anticam  versus  radiiinfi/jiis,  lamina  infra  cavernosa 
junctis  :  ossiculo  nulla  :  sinu  pallii  nulla. 

The  shells  of  this  group  vary  considerably  in  shape  and  dentition 
in  the  different  species  ;  but  agree  in  this,  that  in  the  left  valve  there 
is  a  kind  of  tent,  formed  by  a  thin  laminated  roof  lying  on  the  top  of 
two  diverging  teeth.  It  is  hard  even  to  guess  what  is  the  use  of  this 
(perhaps  unique)  structure;  especially  as  its  opening  is  not  towards 
the  body  of  the  shell,  but  directly  facing  the  anterior  adductor.  It 
is  seen  at  once  on  opening  the  typical  species,  which  was  well  figured 
by  Sowerby,  Sp.  Conch,  f.  22.  In  the  alierrant  forms  it  might  easily 
be  overlooked,  and  a  glass  is  needed  to  detect  it  in  small  specimens ; 
but  if  it  exists,  the  shell  can  be  supported  on  a  ])in  thrust  into  the 
"hollow  tooth."  When  more  species  are  known,  the  group  may 
require  subdivision,  the  C.Jlexuosus  especially  presenting  a  marked 
transition  to  Clidiophora.  In  that  genus  the  posterior  part  excels 
in  development ;  iu  Calodon,  the  anterior.  All  the  known  species 
are  from  the  Eastern  seas,  but  are  very  seldom  seen  in  colkctious. 
An  enlarged  diagnosis  of  the  type  species  is  offered. 

♦  Th.  Kot\oi,  hollow ;  ocot'j',  tooth. 

228 


1.  CfKT.nnnx  rFVT.Avirrs. 

Pandora  ceyUmica,  >,U\ .  P.  Z.  S.  1835,  p.  !;4  ,  S]).  Cmioli.  f.  20, 
21,  2'2,  =  P.  cei//niitru,  Haul.  llec.  Slulls,  j».  50,  =  P.  t«t/«ta,  Cliemi, 
Man.  Conch,  ii.  p.  ftA.  f.  214. 

C.  t.  pla/iafa,   rnstrota,  securifnnni ;  rentraliter  maxinip,   avfire 

satis    excurrnta  ;    maryine  pnstiro   dorsali   vahle    iiici'rrnto  : 

infus,  vulva  dextra,  marr/ine  postico  rectannvlalim  fiipprxtante, 

deiifitiis  antiiis  ii.  pra'lni}</i(!,  satis  extnntihus,  asi/iie  ad  cim- 

tricem  addt/ctoris  contiiiuis,  dentem  cavernusum  valrce  alterius 

atnplectantibiis ;  dente  postico  curtiore,  extante,  fossam  carti- 

lajjineam  per  totam  toiuiifvdineHi  yerentp  :   valca  sinistra,  mar- 

gine    postico    subrectaiiyulatim    superstante  ;     sulco    postico 

dentem  v.  alt.  recipiente ;  dentibus  anlicis  usque  ad.  cicufncem 

adductoris  contiiiuis,  centrali  lonyiore,  plusquam  diiiiidiu  inter' 

stitii  lamina  teiuii  tecto,  ventraliter  arcuato. 

Under  this  species,  of  which  the  correct  locality  appears  in  the 

name,  Mr.  Sonerby  quotes  "a  single  specimen  obtained  at  Island 

Mnerte,  W.  Columbia,  11  fm.,  by  Mr.  Cuming."     The  hinge  may 

not  have  been  examined.     The  shell  quoted  does  not  now  a[)pear  in 

the  Cumingian  collection,  and  probably   belonged   to   Clidiophora 

claviculaia,  which  in  shajie  resembles  the  typical  Coelodon. 

la.  CcELODON  CUMiNGii,  Haul.  {Pandora  c),  P.  Z.  S.  18G1, 
p.  272. 

This  agrees  with  the  last  species  in  shape  and  dentition,  and  is 
probably  only  a  variety. 

Hub.  Philippines  {Cuming). 

2.  CcELODON  DELiCATULUS,  A.  Ad.  {Pandora  d.)  P.  Z.  S.  (diagn. 
auct.). 

.  .  .  marginibvs  dorsalibus  ad  anyuhnn  circ.  160°  divergentibus  : 

cardine  v.  dextr.  dente  postico  satis  elungato  ;  centrali  curto, 

ad  umbonem  valde  calloso  ;  antico  longissimo,  cicatricem  ant. 

superante,  margini  contiyuo  :  v.  sinistr.  dente  centrali  curto, 

supra  cavernam  evecto,  in  anticum  pralongum  continuo. 

In  this  species,  the  shape  of  which  is  not  unliloe  P.  obtusa,  though 

less  transverse,  the  anterior  teeth  are  enormously  developed  at  the 

expense  of  the  central.     These  are  short,  but  prominent ;  in  the  left 

valve  bent  over,  along  the  whole  length,  to  form  the  roof  of  the 

chamber,  and  then  drawn  on  mto  the  anterior  tooth. 

3.  C(ELODON   ELONGATUS,  n.  8. 

C.  t.  parva,  tenuissima,  maxime  planata  ;  parte  antica  tninore, 
excurvata  ;  ventraliter  valde  excurvata,  postice  maxime  elon- 
gata,  rostro  angustiore ;  dorsaliter  valde  incurvata  :  intus,  v. 
dextr.  dente  post,  satis  longo  ;  d.  centrali  prcelongo,  postice 
flecto,  cicatricem  adducfuris  pnrum  superante ;  d,  antico  tni- 
nore :  V.  sinistr,  cartHugine  valde  elvngutu,  postice  situ ;  d. 

229 


eevfrnfi  prrpJnvgn,  pn.^ficf  forto ;  &.  anttro  r.rinnre  a  margins 
remoto,  lamina  totius  lomjitiidinis  ad  centralem  juncto. 

Long,  -(ia,  lat.  '.3,  alt.    0.")  poll. 

Jlah.  ill  China  et  Borneo  {Mas.  Cuming.). 

Tills  species  is  the  Eastern  representative  of  P.  rostrafa,  as  is  C. 
delicafiilus  of  P.  ohtusa.  It  has  the  reverse  dentition,  the  central 
tooth  beiiie;  very  long,  and  the  anterior  short,  bridged  over  to  meet 
it  at  the  whole  length.  In  the  Borneo  shell,  which  is  larger,  the 
anterior  tooth  is  rather  longer,  with  the  front  margin  of  the  ceiling 
more  incurved ;  but  the  diiFerences  are  probably  due  to  increased 
age  only. 

4.  CfELODON  FLEXUo?us,  Shy.  {Pandora/.),  Sp.  Conch,  f.  13, 
14,  15 ;  Haul.  Rec.  Shells,  p.  49  (diagn.  auct.), 

•  .  .  cardine  v.  dextra  dente  posfico  prcelongo,  a  margine  separato, 
usque  ad  cicatr.  addnct.  porrecto  ;  fossa  cartilaginea  curta, 
inter  denies  post,  et  centr,  sita  ;  d.  centr.  curtissimo,  maxitnt 
extante,  retrorsum  dejlecto  ;  d.  ant.  tninimo,  pene  obsolete  :  r. 
sinistr.  sulco  prcelongo  postico ;  fossa  cartilaginea  separata^ 
cirrtiore ;  d.  centr.  extante,  curtissimo,  supra  cnvernam  pyrt- 
fnrmem,  in  dentem  anticum  usque  ad  cicatr .  adduct.  prolonga- 
turn,  porrecto. 

Thiji  long-known  but  rare  Red  Sea  species  is  to  Pandora  what 
Trisis  ((jray)  is  to  Area.  It  is  swollen  and  twisted,  and,  by  ita 
long  clavicle,  forms  an  interesting  transition  to  Clidiophora. 

A  a.  1  CcELODON  UNGuicuLUS,  Sby.  {Pandora  «.),  Sp.  Conch; 
f.  16,  17  ;  Ilanl.  Rec.  Shells,  p.  49. 

The  type  has  not  been  found  of  this  species,  which  was  described 
from  a  convex  valve  only.  It  clearly  belongs  to  the  same  section  as 
C.fexiiosus,  and,  though  the  shape  is  somewhat  different,  perhaps 
it  is  only  a  variety. 

Genus  Pandora,  Lam. 

It  is  proposed  to  limit  this  genus  according  to  the  diagnosis  of  Sow- 
erby,  founded  on  Lamarck's.  Succeeding  naturalists  have  adopted 
the  diagnosis,  while  they  have  included  in  it  species  to  which  it  did 
not  afiply  *.  It  presents  a  very  simple  type  of  hinge,  as  though  the 
Pandorid  idea  were  gradually  fading  away  towards  Myodora.  The 
P.  wardiana  is  the  finest  species  in  the  group  ;  but  it  is  scarcely 
typical,  having  the  radiating  grooves  of  the  section  Kennerlia.  The 
Lamarckian  ty])e  is  the  Teltina    "ttqualis  of  Linnaeus. 

1.  Pandora  rostrata.  Lam.,  Forbes  &  HauL  et  zt,  plur.^ 
P   incequalis,  Linn.,  Gray,  Add. 

*  Chenii.  however  (Man.  Conch,  ii.  p.  51),  gives  an  original  and  extended 
diagnosis,  in  which  be  accredits  to  the  whole  genus  "  une  dent  triangulaire, 
aplatie,  hifurquee.  dont  lu  portion  anterieiire,  j)lus  tongue,  se  prolonge  jusqu'a 
rimpression  niusculaire  auttncure  " — a  character  which  ouly  hclonjjs  to  the  sec- 
tion Cte/oi/oq. 

230 


2    Pandora  obtusa,  Lam.,  auct. 

3.  Pandora  brkvifrons,  Sby.,  Sp.  Conch,  f.  25,  26;  P.  Z.  S. 
1835,  p.  93. 

4.  Pandora  cistula,  Gld.  Otia,  p.  77. 

This  species  is  not  quoted  in  the  index  to  the  E.  E.  Moll.,  but 
appears  in  the  text  (p.  39())  and  in  the  Atlas  (f.  500).  In  shape, 
but  not  in  texture,  it  resembles  P.  oblonga. 

5.  Pandora  oblonga, Sby.,  Sp. Conch  f.  10;  Hani.  Rec.  Shells, 
p.  49. 

The  unique  type  of  this  species,  from  Humphrey's  collection,  has 
not  been  found  ;  it  was  not  described  in  the  P.  Z.  S.,  and  very  closely 
resembles  P.  rostrata. 

6.  Pandora  radiata,  Sby.,  P.  Z.  S.  1835,  p.  24;  Sp.  Conch. 
f.  23,  24. 

7.  Pandora  wardiana,  A.  Ad.  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  487. 

No  ossicle  has  been  observed  in  any  of  the  above  species.  If  it  he 
found  hereafter  in  living;  specimens  of  the  grooved  P.  radiata  and 
P.  wardiana,  they  should  be  removed  to  the  subgenus.  The  g-roup 
is  not  local,  as  appears  to  be  the  case  with  CoeloiJon  and  Cltt/  /tora, 
being  found  in  both  hemispheres  and  on  both  sides  of  the  ei^uator. 

Subgenus  Kennerlia*. 

Pandora  cartilagine  ossiculo  tenuiore  instructa ;  lamina  extC' 
riore  prismatica  valvee  pfanata  radiis  plerumque  insculpta. 

The  ty{)ical  species  have  radiating  grooves  in  the  exterior  prismatic 
layer  of  the  right  valve.  These  have  not  been  observed  in  K.  glu- 
cialis,  but  perhaps  the  specimens  are  somewhat  decorticated.  The 
essential  character  is  the  possession  of  an  ossicle.  This  is  well  deve- 
loped in  K.  fflacialis,  but  so  thin  in  the  other  species  that  it  is  often 
hidden  in  dried  shells  by  the  contraction  of  the  cartilage.  The  first 
species  in  which  it  was  observed  (Dr.  Kennerley  having  sent  several 
fresh  specimens,  preserved  iu  alcohol,  to  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion) was 

1.  Kennerlia  filosa,  n.  s. 

K.  t.  tenui,  planoconvexa,  maxime  rostrata  ;  marginibus  dorsa- 
libus  rectis,  ad  angulum  circ.  1()0°;  ventrali  regiilariter  et 
modice  excurvato,  postice  vix  sinuato ;  epidermide  ohvacea, 
2)lerumque  erosa,  postice  corrvgata ;  lamina  externa  prismatica 
spongiosa  ;  valva  planata  radiutim  sulcata  (quasi  Jilosa),  sulc is 
distantibus;  valva  convexa,  costa  obtusissima  postice  decurrente ; 

•  Named  in  grateful  remembrance  of  the  services  rendered  to  science  by  the 
late  Dr.  Kennerley,  the  naturalist  to  the  American  N.  Pacific  Bouiulary  Survey  ; 
whose  premature  death  has  interrupted,  almost  at  the  uuset,  our  kuuvviedge  of 
the  dreilging-tauna  of  I'uget  Sound 

231 


lineis  sen  undis  incrementi  conxpiriiis  :  intus  dente  carihnaJi 
una,  parvo,  extante  ;  callositate  claviculoidea  antica,  mari/iiii 
contiyua  ;  fosxa  (:artila(jiiiea  posfice  sita  ;  cicatricif/iis  addnc- 
torum  rotundatis,  maryini  dursali  contiyuis  ;  liaea  j^allii  sijn- 
plici. 

Long.  -8,  lat.  -4,  alt.  '12  poll. 

Hub.  in  sinu  Pugctiano  (^Kennerlei/'). 

2.  Kennerlia  bicarinata,  n.  s. 

K.  f.  "  K.  filosse  "  simili,  sed  haud  rostrata ;  posfice  fafiore  f 
caririis  in  valvn  convexa  duabus,  in  valva  plannta  una,  ex  umbo- 
nibus  posfice  decurrentibus ;  lan'ina  prisma fica  radiatiin  sul~ 
cafa,  hatid  sponyiosa  ;  valca  C(  vexa  tenuiter  indentata  ;  liya- 
menfo  elunyato,  fenuissimo. 
Long.  •."),  lat.  "In,  alt.  '06  poll. 

Ilab.  in  insula  Catalina,  Califomioe  ;  40-60  uln.,  rara  {Dr.  J.  G. 
Cooper.  State  Geological  Survey  Coll.  no.  10()3;  Mus.  Smithsonian 
Inst.). 

The  shape  and  keels  at  once  distinguish  this  beautiful  little  species 
from  its  Northern  ally,  with  which,  in  the  hinge  and  threading  of 
the  outer  layer,  it  exactly  agrees.  The  ligament  in  both  species  is 
extremely  thin,  holding  the  valves  together  from  the  umbo  to  the 
posterior  end.  The  fossil  Pandora  bilirufa,  Conr.,  may  prove  iden- 
tical with  this  recent  species ;  but  the  diagnosis,  figure,  and  type 
specimen  are  so  imperfect  that  it  would  be  too  hazardous  to  .ffiliate 
them. 

3.  Kknnerlia  glactalis,  Leach  {Pandora yl.),  Sby.  Sp.  Conch, 
f.  4,  5,  6  ;  Ilanl.  Rec.  Shells,  p.  49  (diagu.  auct.). 

.  .  .valva  dextra  callo  conspicuo  fossam  cartilagineam  firmante i 
ossiculo  fortiore. 

The  known  species  of  Kennerlia  are  thus  confined  to  the  North 
Pacific  and  the  Arctic  seas.  The  diagnosis  of  No.  1  belongs  to  a 
paper  on  Dr.  Kennerley's  new  species  in  the  Journ.  Ac.  N.  S.  Philad. ; 
and  that  of  No.  2  to  a  series  of  papers  on  Dr.  Cooper's  new  species 
in  the  Proc.  Calif.  Ac.  N.  S.  They  ar»  inserted  here  to  complete 
the  monograph,  as  far  as  known  to  the  writer.  The  "  Pando-^a 
striata,  Quoy"  (Add.  Gen.  ii.  p.  3/1),  i3  a  Myodora.  The  Iixtter 
geuus  is  so  well  defined  that  no  alteration  is  proposed  in  it. 

232 


K. 


DIAGNOSES 


OF 


NEW   FORMS   OF   MOLLUSCA 


FROM 


THE  VANCOUVER  DISTRICT. 


BY 

PHILIP  p.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 


From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series,  Vol 
XIV.  (Nos.  5—37),  pp.  423-429,  December,  1864.  Ibid.  Vol.'  XV 
(No8.  37—56),  pp.  2S— 32,  January,  1865. 


(   233  ) 


DIAGNOSES 
or 

KEW   POTtMS    OE    MOLLUSCA 

FROM 

THE  VAXCOUVER  DISTRICT. 

BT 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 


The  shells  here  described  were  mostly  collected  by  Indian  chil- 
dren for  their  excellent  teacher  Mr.  J. G.  Swan,  in  the  neiglibour- 
hood  of  Neeah  Bay,  W.  T.  They  were  presented  by  him  to  the 
Smithsonian  In>titution,  Washington,  D.C. ;  and,  in  accordance 
with  their  liberal  policy,  the  first  available  duplicates  will  be 
found  in  the  British  Museum  or  in  Mr.  Cuming's  Collection. 
The  •species  are  numbered  to  correspond  with  the  list  in  the 
Briti  a  Association  Report  for  1863,  pp.  626—628;  see  also 
pp.  636-66i. 

5.  Mcera  salmonea. 

M.  testa  parva,  solida,  coinf)acta,  subquadrata ;  laevi,  nitente,  epi- 
dermide  tenui  cinerea  iiuluta  ;  extus  pallide,  infus  vivide  salmoneo  . 
tincta;  marginibus  doisalil)us  rectis,  ad  angulum  120°  separatis, 
umboiiibus  baud  extantibus ;  marginihus  antico  et  ventrali  regu- 
lariter  late  excurvatis;  parte  postica  brevissima,  hrud  angulata : 
intus,  dent.  card,  utraque  valva  ii.,  quorum  unus  bifidus  ;  laterali- 
bus  V.  dextr.  a'quidistautibus,  ant.  extante,  post,  parvo ;  nyrapbis 
rectis,  baud  conspieuis ;  cicatr.  add.  post,  subrotundata,  ant.  sub- 
rboniboidea ;  sinu  pallii  satis  regulariter  ovali,  per  iv.  inter  v. 
partes  iiiterstitii  poirecto.     Long.  '.57,  lat.  •4.5,  alt.  'll  poll. 

Variat  testa  aurantiaca,  rarius  albida,  rosaceo  tincta. 

Hab.  San  Francisco  [Pac.  Rail.  E.  E.) ;  Neeali  Bay  {Sivan)^ 
plentiful;   jMonterey,  20  fathoms  {Cuope?-). 

In  shape  almost  close  to  Macoma  cras^n,  Desh.  (Arctic)  ; 
but  that  species  is  thinner,  not  glossy  or  salmon-coloured^  aud 
has  no  lateral  teeth. 

6.  Angttlus  variegatus. 

A.  testa  forma  A.  nhfvso  simili,  sed  costa  interna  omnino  caren*; 
ralde  iuset^uiluteiiiii,  :>uUdiun.>,  aittate,  rosaceo  et  iiavido  subrai' 

235  _^ 


2  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  neir  Forms  of  MoUusca 

tim  elesantcr  variesata  ;  striis  iiirrcmenti  conrentricis,  postlce  ex- 
tantiorihus  ;  iimhoiiibus  postice  flectcntibus,  obtusis  :  ])arte  antica 
prolongafa,  regulariter  exeiirvata ;  niargiiiibus  dorsali  et  ventrali 
subparallelis,  subrt'ctis  ;  parte  posticn  curtiore,  subaiigiilata  :  intus, 
dent.  card,  utraque  valva  ii.  miiiirtis,  quorum  alter  bitidus  ;  v. 
dext.  dent,  lat.,  ant.  curto,  satis  extante,  post,  nullo  ;  iiyniphis 
Curtis,  latis,  parum  concavis,  subito  sectis,  vah  is  postca  subalatis ; 
sinu  pallii  fere  cicatr.  aut.  tcuus  porrecto.  Long.  •J'l,  lat.  •42, 
alt.  -15. 

Hah.  Neeah  Bay  (Siran) ;  Monterey  and  Catalina  Island, 
20-60  fathoms,  rare  [Cooper). 

Subgenus  ]\Iiodon*. 

Testa  Lncinoidea,  dentibus  cardinalibus,  ut  in  Cardita,  elongatis ; 
laterali  aiuico  parvo  instructa. 

This  little  group  of  species  is  intermediate  in  cliaraetcr  be- 
tween Astarte,  Venericardiu,  and  Liicina.  It  tirst  apjx'ars  in 
the  Great  Oolite,  where  it  is  represented  by  Astarte  [Miodon) 
orbicularis,  J.  Sby.  .Min.  Conch,  pi.  444.  f.  2,  3.  This  must  not 
be  confounded  with  a  second  and  true  Astarte  orbicularis,  by  the 
same  author,  pi.  520.  f.  2.  It  appears  in  Mr.  Searles  Wood's 
Crag-series  as  Astarte  corbis.  The  following  is  the  only  receuJb 
species  at  present  known. 

9.   ^liodun  prnlungutus. 

M.  testa  parva,  solida,  tuniida,  compacta,  albida ;  ventraliter  antice 
valde  prolongata,  excurvata  ;  lunula  longa,  rectiore,  hand  impressa; 
umbonibus  antice  inflectis,  obtusis,  valde  proniinentibus  ;  niargine 
dorsali  postico  parum  excurvato  ;  costis  radiantibus  x.-xii.  latis, 
obtusis,  niarginem  attingentibns,  parum  expressis,  dorsaliter  obso- 
letis,  a  liris  incrementi  coneentricis,  plus  minusve  distantibus,  ex- 
pressis. hie  et  illic  interruptis  :  intus,  niargine  a  costis  plus  miimsve 
obsoletim  crenulato  ;  cardine  dentibus  v.  dextr.,  uno  postico,  inter 
duas  fossas  elongato,  et  lat.  ant.  lunulari;  v.sinistr.,  dent,  ant.  trian- 
gulari,  po?t.  valde  elongato,  lat.  ant.  minimo,  obsoleto;  cicatr.  add. 
subrotundatis,  ventraliter  sitis.     Long.  '23,  lat.  "24,  alt.  'IG. 

Subgenus  Adula,  Add.  (diagn.  auct.). 

Testa  inter  Modiolam  et  Lithophagum.  intermedia,  cylindracea ; 
umbonibus  obtusis  ;  parte  antica  longiore ;  ligamento  subinterno, 
valde  elongato  ;  epidermide  hand  testacea. 

Animal  byssiferum,  in  cry[ttis  aftixum ;  musculis  adductoribus 
majoribus,  antico  ovato. 

Constituted  by  Messrs.  Adams  for  A.  soleniformis,  D'Orb., 
which  very  closely  resembles  the  young  of  the  Vancouver  species  : 
enlarged  to  receive  the  shells  of  Lithophagoid  shape  which  arc 

*  TA. /zeioji',  smaller;  ofioiis,  tooth. 

236 


from  the  Vancoui'cr  D'mtrict,  8 

monrcrl  by  bys'^us,  like  Mud'wiu.  Tlie  largest  known  gperifs  is 
A.falcatu,  Gld.,  which  is  iionnally  straiglit,  but  often  grows  in 
A  twisted  burrow.  J  parasitica,  Desb.,  and  the  loug-kuowa 
A.  cinnaniumea  appeal       'igeneric. 

J.J.   Adnla  stijVma. 

A.  testa  cyliiulracea,  llthophagoidea,  lievi,  tenuissima,  parum  ar- 
cuata,  subnacrea,  aliiida,  postice  iuterdum  livido  tiiicta  ;  epicler- 
niide  niteiite,  Isevi,  solidiore,  iiigro-fusca  :  testa  jiin.  tvpice  tnodio. 
Jeeforiiii,  unil)onil)U'i  stibantieis,  ohtusissimis  ;  marline  dorsali 
antice  (rarissinie  |)auhilu;i!,  testa  iniiiiiiia,  postice)  tenuiter  cienu- 
lato  :  testa  adulta  niargiiiilius  dors,  et  ventr.  fere  paiMlUlis,  aiit. 
pr.  post,  rotiuulatis ;  uiiil)oiiil)ns  detritis,  baud  coiKpicuis,  cireiter 
sextantitn  antice  sitis  ;  iiicriistatioue  baud  solida,  deii>issime  spon- 
giosa,  aream  posticain  (bjigonalein  ttj^ente,  supra  valvas  prolongata, 
appressa ;  liajameuto  interno,  postice  valde  jjrolongato ;  |)a!:iiia 
interna  pallida  ;  eicatr.  add.  postiea  tuinida,  pyritoriiii,  aiitica 
(qufiad  faiiiiliaiii)  maxitna,  baud  iinpressa,  olilonga  ;  eicatr.  pt-dH'i 
autica  magna,  circulari,  inipressa ;  callositate  snljunii)onidi  (testa 
jim.)  eicatr.  pedalem  versus  couspieua.    I^ong.  •If).'),  lat.   A,  alt.  '.i, 

Variat  t.  magis  arcuata ;  ut  '\n  A.  fulcata,  autice  tumidiore,  sub- 
angidata. 

Variat  qunquie  testa  attenuata. 

Variat  interdum  ventraliter  late  biante. 

Hab.  Neeab  Bay,  abundant  {Swan)  ;  IMontcrey  {Taylor), 

On  smashing  a  large  lump  of  hard  clay,  bored  by  Pholads, 
Petricolids,  &c.,  large  numbers  of  this  species,  with  a  few  of  A. 
falcuta,  of  all  ages  from  OG  onwards,  were  tound  in  sitti.  Several 
struggled  for  room  in  a  single  crypt.  The  uuibos  are  abraded 
by  the  wide  opening  of  the  valves. 

14.  Axinaa  (iseptentrionalis,  var.)  suhohsoleta. 

A.  testa  A.  septentriovali  sirnili,  paruui  insequilaterali,  baud  tumida; 
umbonibus  obtusis,  latis,  satis  prominenliljus ;  ciuerea,  rufo  eas- 
taneo  varie  picta ;  epidermide  copiosa,  sublaiiiiiiata ;  marginibus 
ventrali  et  postico  valde  rotundatis,  autico  j)arum  producto,  doi- 
sali  recto  ;  sulcis  radiantibus  subobsoletis  sculpta,  dor>aliter  ^a'JJe 
evanidis  :  intus,  niarginibus  ventrali  valde,  ant.  et  post,  parum  cre- 
natis  ;  lamina  cardinis  subangulata  ;  dentibus  paucioribus,  validis, 
angustatis  ;  eicatr.  add.  antica  castauea,  callosa ;  ligamento  si\".- 
cato.     Long.  '13,  lat.  '12,  alt.  •/. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  {Sivan) ;  Shoal  water  Bay  {Cooper). 

Middendorff's  shell  is  figured  with  much  stronger  ribs,  but 
may  have  been  described  from  decorticated  specimens. 

15.   Siphonaria  Thersites. 

S.  testa  parva,  tenui,  baud  elevata,  valde  insequilaterali,  dense  nigro- 
castanea,   locvi,  seu  interduni   costulis  jtaucis,   obtusis,   obsoletis, 

237 


4  T)r.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  MnUusca 

radiatim  vix  oniata ;  epidcrrnide  Isevi,  tenui,  fugaci ;  costa  pidmo> 
nali  iiitiis  et  extus  valde  conspiciia,  tuineiite ;  vertice  obtuso, 
pleruiiKjue  ad  qiiiidrantem,  interduin  ad  truiitein  totins  loiigitu- 
dinis  sito  ;  iiitus  intense  uigro-fusco,  niargiue  acuto.  Long.  "40, 
lat.  -33,  alt.  -17. 

Hub.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 

This  genus,  which  culminates  in  western  tropical  America  and 
at  Cape  Horn,  is  not  known  in  California.  Tiie  Vancouver  spe- 
cies resembles  ^.  lateralis  and  its  congeners,  but  differs  in  having 
an  enormous  lung-rib  and  no  colour-rays. 

16.  Mupalia  {Kennerleiji,  var.)  Swannii. 

M  testa  3/.  Kennerleyi  typicfe  simili,  sed  jugo  fornicate,  baud  cari- 
nato  ;  omniiio  rubida,  sculjitura  mult)  iniiius  expressa  ;  areis  late- 
ralibus  vix  definitis ;  latera  versus  subgrauulata ;  dorsum  versus 
liiieis  jugum  versus  proeedeiitibus,  interstitiis  puiictatis ;  sinu 
postico  latiore ;  limbo  pallii  lato,  coriaceo,  vix  piluloso.  Long, 
2-4,  lat.  1-,  div.  r_'()°. 

Hub.  Tatooche  Island  [Swan). 

23.  Margarita  Cidaris,  A.  Ad. 

3/.  testa  magna,  conica,  Turcicoidea,  tenui;  albido-cii.erea,  nacreo- 
argentato;  aufr.  nucleo5is?...(decollatis),  norm,  vii.,  t  ubplanatis ; 
suturis  alte  insculptis ;  superficie  spirae  tota  valide  tuberculosa, 
seriebus  tribus,  alteris  postea  intercalantibus  ;  peripheria  et  basi 
TGtundatis,  earinatis ;  carinis  circ.  viii.,  hand  acutis,  irregularibus, 
scabris,  baud  tuberculosis  ;  lacuna  umbilieali  vix  conspicua  ;  aper- 
tura  subrotundata ;  labro  tenuissimo  ;  labio  obsoleto ;  columella 
arcuata.     Long.  1*1,  long.  spir.  "Gj,  lat.  vo,  div.  GO". 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  [Swan). 

INIr.  A.  Adams  suggested  the  above  expressive  name  for  this 
very  remarkable  and  unique  shell. 

25.  Gibbula  parcipicta. 

G.  testa  solidiore,  parva,  conica,  pallida,  purpureo-fusco  varie  nebu- 
losa  et  maculata  ;  anfr.  v.,  rotundatis  ;  carinis  ii.  valiiMs  in  spira 
se  monstrantibus,  minore  intercalante  ;  interstitiis  subsuturalibus, 
sublaevibus,  inter  carinas  obtuse  decussatis  ;  lira  peripberica  de- 
fmita,  ssepe  in  spira  se  monstrante ;  ba?i  valde  rotundata;  lirulis 
basalibus  circ.  v.  rotundatis,  subdistaiitibus  ;  apertura  subeirculari; 
columella  arcuata  ;  umbilico  majore,  infundibuliformi,  baud  augu- 
lato.     Long.  "14,  long.  spir.  '07,  lat.  •13,  div.  70°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Sw-'fl/.j ;  Santa  Crux  (/?o«;i?//). 

26.   Gibbula  succinda. 

G.  testa  parva,  subelevata,  solidiore;  livida,  testa  jnn.  strigis  angustis, 
creberriniis,  fusco-pnrpureis  peuicillata,  testa  adulta  niaculis  qiio- 
que  magiiis  nebulosa  ;  aulV.  v.,  subquadratis;  liris  obtusis  mediuiiis 

238 


from  the  Vancouver  District.  6 

et  striis  subobsolctis  cincta,  suturis  valcle  impressis ;  basi  rotuii- 
aata,  obtuse  augulata,  striis  ssepe  evanidis  spiralibus  oriiata,  tesra 
adiilta  circa  unibilicum  mau;mim,  intundibulit'ormem,  vix  ansru- 
latum,  s?cpe  tumidiore,  medio  obtuse  iinpressa ;  apertura  sub- 
quadrata,  parum  deelivi ;  columella  subarcuata.  Long.  '16,  long, 
spir.  -07,  lat.  -IG,  div.  70°. 

Hub.    Neeah   Bay    {^Swan) ;    Lower    California,   on  Halioi'* 
{Ruwell). 

27.   Gibbula  lacunata. 

C.  testa  par^'a,  fusco-purpurea,  solidiore ;  marginibus  spirse  valde 
exctirvatis ;  antVactibus  nucleosis  normalibus,  postea  iv.  subpla- 
natis,  suturis  distinctis,  apice  mamillato ;  sublsevi,  circa  basin 
vix  anfiulatam  striolata,  striolis  spiralibus  distantibus  ;  apertura 
suborbiculari,  parum  deelivi ;  labio  juxta  umbilicum  constrictum, 
quasi  lacunatum,  lobato ;  columella  callositate  parva  umbilicum 
coustringente.     Long.  '11,  long.  spir.  "0.5,  lat.  '11,  div.  b{f. 

Lab.  Neeah  Bay  {Swan). 

28.   Gibbula  funiculata, 

G.  testa  parva,  elevata,  compacta,  fusca;  marginibus  spirae  excur- 
vatis  ;  antr.  vi.,  baud  tuniidis,  suturis  parum  impressis  ;  lirulis 
crebris  rotundatis  undique  cincta,  quarum  v.  in  spira  monstrantur; 
interstitiis  parvis ;  basi  rotundata,  baud  angulata ;  umbilico  parvo, 
hand  carinato ;  apertura  suborbiculari,  parum  deelivi  ;  columella 
vix  arcuata.     Long.  "24,  long.  spir.  '11,  lat.  •'2,  div.  70°. 

Hub.  Neeah  Bay  {Swan),  specimen  unicum. 

29.  Hipponyx  cranioides, 

n.  testa  valde  planata,  majore,  albida;  vertice  nucleoso?  ...  ;  testa 
adulta  apice  interdum  subcentrali,  saepius  plus  minusve  postico  ; 
laminis  incrementi  confertis,  undique  rapide  augentibus  ;  striis 
radiantibus  fortiorlbus,  confertissimis,  laniinarum  margines  saepe 
crenulantibus ;  niargine  acuto  i  cicatr.  muse,  angusta,  margin! 
contiirua,  regione  capitis  minore,  ssepe  dcxtrorsum  torsa ;  epi- 
dermide?. . .       Long.  -8."),  lat.  '75,  alt.  '3. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  {Swan). 

30.  Bivonia  compacta. 

B.  testa  satis  magna,  saepe  solitaria,  purpureo-fusca,  spiraliter  ple- 
rumque  satis  regulariter  contorta,  obsoletim  cancellata  seu  sculp- 
tura  fere  evanida  ;  testis  tenacissime  adhaerente.  Long,  (plerum- 
que)  •/,  lat.  "3,  diam.  ajiert.  •!. 

Hah.  Barclay  Sound ;  abundant  on  Pachijpoma  gibberosum 
{Swan). 

Belongs  to  Bivonia,  Gray  (not  Morch).  Has  the  aspect  of 
Peialocunchus  matrophrnaina  on  a  large  scale,  but  is  entirely 
destitute  of  internal  lttuii..is.     One  specimen  had  a  faint  colu- 

239 


6  Dr.  1'.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  uf  Mullvsca 

niellar  thread  for  two  whirls  only.     Operculum  norma 
thin  edge,  dark  red. 

32.  Lacuna  porrecta. 

L.  testtL  L.  pufeolo  simili,  sed  iimlto  majore,  spira  ma2;is  exserta ; 
seu  oniiiiiio  fiisea,  seu  zona  palfuJiore,  sen  pallida  liiieolis  fiisres- 
centibus  teiniissime  spiraliter  oinata ;  cpidermide  teiiuitcr  striata 
olivacea  seu  viridesceiite  induta;  tenuiore,  spiraliter  tenuiter  striata ; 
anfr.  v.,  vix  plauati;*,  rapide  aufjrntibns,  snturis  impres!>is,  vertiee 
mamillato  ;  apertura  tuinente  ;  labio  tenui,  vix  parietem  attiugente, 
iutus  sul)recto ;  lacuna  maxima,  elonsrata,  ad  basin  areuata ;  peri- 
pheria  expansa.     Lonp.  'o^,  lona;.  spir.    2.  lat.  -4,  div.  M0°. 

?Var.  effu.^a  :  testa  L.pnrrectce  sinuli,  sed  inulto  miijore  ;  spira  elevata, 
satis  eft'usa  ;  anfr.  tninidioribus,  sutnris  valde  impressis  ;  aperturam 
\ersus  magis  expansa.    Long.  •6f),  long.  spit.  '2h,  lat.  *.'),  div.  60°. 

?Var.  exeequata  :  testa  L.  effusce  simili,  sed  anfr.  planatis,  snturis 
parum  mipressis.     Long,  -a,  long.  spir.  '2,  lat.  'A'l,  div.  yO". 

Huh.  Neeah  Bay  {^wan). 

The  form  L.  exeequata  is  intermediate  between  the  very  dif- 
ferent L.  porrecta  and  L.  effusa.  Tiie  Lacuna  vary  so  much 
{vide  Forbes  &  llanley  in  loco)  tliat,  even  with  a  large  multitude 
of  specimens,  it  is  not  easy  to  state  what  constitutes  a  species. 

33.  Lacuna  (?  soHdula,  var.)  compacta. 

L.  testa  X.  solidulfP,  var.,  simili ;  parva,  solida,  compacta,  angnsta, 
subturrita,  marginibus  spirae  excurvatis  :  aurantiaca,  interdum  pal- 
lidiore  znnata ;  anfr.  snbplanati.*,  sutnris  distinctis ;  tota  supertiiie 
confertissime  spiraliter  striolata  ;  basi  valde  angulata,  subplanata  ; 
apertura  subqnadrata ;  coli-.mella  vix  lacunatu.  Long.  •2.'^,  long, 
spir.  '1,  lat.  -17,  div.  (Jl)°. 

Variat  testa  elongata :  variat  quoque  columella  normaliter  lacunata. 

Hab.  Necah  Bay  [Swan). 

Possibly  an  extreme  form  of  the  very  variable  L.  solidula,  Lov. 
{=  L.  carinata,  Gld.,  non  A.  Ad.,  =  Modelia  striata,  (Jabb),  yet 
distinct  in  all  ages.     The  young  shells  resemble  small  LitorituB, 

34.  Lacuna  variegata. 

L.  testa  tenui,  plus  minusve  elevata,  soluta,  irregnlari ;  adolescente 
fusco-purpnreo  ;  adulta  iivida,  radiatim  seu  diagonaliter  varie  ir- 
regulariter  strigata,  strigis  fuseo-aurantiacis,  saepe  ziczaeformiljus  ; 
anfr.  vi.,  quorum  prinii  compacti,  apice  subinainillato  ;  deio  soliitis, 
postice  planatis,  antiee  ex[)ansis ;  basi  rottuulata  seu  angulata  ; 
apertura  subovata  ;  labro  postice  porrecto  ;  labio  srcpe  parietem  vix 
attingente;  columella  intus  recta,  extus  valde  lacunata.  Long.  'J, 
long.  spir.  'IG,  lat.  "l",  div.  50°. 
Hub.  Neeah  Bay  {Swnti). 

Painted  like  L.  decorata,  A.  Ad.,  which  differs  in  having  a 
normal  growth,  with  very  slight  chink. 

240 


from  the  Vancouver  District.  f 

35.  Isnpis  fpncstrala. 

I.  testa  /.  nrnitJetp  forma  et  indole  siinili  ;  carinis  ix.  aoittis  r(|iiarnni 
iv.  in  «i|iira  inonstrantnr)  cincta  ;  interstitiis  (lii|ilo  latiorihus,  con- 
cinne  (|ua(iratim  derussatis,  Ijiulis  radiantibiis  ncnti-ts.mis ;  anf'r. 
postice  tnmentibus,  suturis  valde  excavatis  ;  peritreiiiate  contr.mo; 
lal)ro  a  carinis  pt-Ktinatn ;  labio  pariotein  parnni  attiiigpnte,  medio 
calloso ;  uinbilico  angusto.  Long.  -18,  long.  spin.  -13,  lat.  "ly, 
div.  70°. 

Hah.  Neeah  Bay  {Sivan) ;  S.  Diego  and  Sta.  Barbara  Island 
(Cooper). 

Dr.  Cooper's  shells  are  much  smaller  than  those  from  the 
Vancouver  district,  which  are  white  and  eroded,  varying  much 
in  the  size  of  the  umbilicus. 

36.  Alrnnia  reticulata. 

A.  testa  parva,  subtnrrita,  rufo-fuscn,  marginibus  spirre  rertis ;  anfr. 
nucleosis  ii.  et  dimidio,  naticoideis,  laevibus,  tiiineiitibus,  ajiiee 
mamillato ;  norm,  iii.,  tumidis,  suturis  inipressis  ;  liris  angu!<tis, 
distantibus,  spiralibus  circ.  xii.  fqnaruni  iv.-vi.  in  spira  mon- 
8trantur),etlirulisradiantibus,  supra  transeuntibus,  hand  nodnlosis, 
secundum  interstitia  incurvatis,  eli'gantcr  exscnl|)ta  ;  interstitiis 
altis,  quadratis ;  peritremate  continuo,  subrotundato,  acutiore. 
Long.  'OH-i,  long.  spir.  'Or>,  lat.  '04,  div.  30°. 

Hub.  Neeah  Bay;  two  specimens  in  shell-washings  {Swan). 

37.  Alvania  flosa. 

A.  testa  A.  reliculatce  indole  et  colore,  hand  scnlptura,  simili ;  multo 
majore,  elongata ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?...  (dctritis),  norm,  iv.;  striis  parum 
separatis  circ.  xviii.  (quarum  circ.  xii.  in  spira  monstrantur)  cincta; 
rugulis  radiantibus  posticis  creberriniis,  baud  expressis,  circa  peri- 
pberiani  evanidis  ;  peritremate  continuo  ;  columella  rufo-purpureo 
tincta.     Loiig.  -13,  long.  spir.  -09,  lat.  -OG.  div.  20°. 

Hub.  Neeah  Bay;  orre  specimen  in  shell-washings  {Swan), 

38.  tAssiminea  subrotundata. 

1A.  testa  hand  parva,  Isevi,  tenui,  fusco-olivacea  ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?...(de- 
collatis)  ;  norm,  v.,  rapide  augentibus,  subrotundatis;  niaririnibus 
spirse  rectis,  suturis  valde  inipressis;  basi  rotundata,  baud  uinbili- 
cata ;  apertura  rotundato-ovali,  intus  fuscescente ;  pcritrem.ite 
continuo ;  labro  acuto ;  labio  parum  calloso  ;  columella  arcrj.:a. 
Long.  "28,  long.  spir.  '13,  lat.  •2,  div.  6.0°, 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay ;  one  specimen  amoTig  Lacuna  {Swan'}, 

May  prove  to  be  a  large  Hydrobia. 

39.  tPaludinella  caatnnca. 

TP.  testa  compacta,  solidiore,  fusco-cabtauca,  niargiuibiiB  cpirae  rec- 
16  241 


8  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  MitUuyca 

tiorlbns  ;  rujiulosa,  lineis  dlstantil)us  spiralibus  irregularitcr  in* 
scul]ita ;  antV.  nuclcosis  ?.  .  .  .  (dL'tritis),  vertice  late  inamillato; 
norm,  iv.,  rapiilius  augentibus,  tuniidioribus,  suturis  satis  im- 
pressis  ;  basJ  TPgulariter  excurvata,  vix  i  iuiata  ;  apertura  sul)orbi- 
ciilari,  baud  coiitinua ;  labro  aruto;  labio  supra  parietem  obsolcto, 
supra  cobunellam  arcuatam  iutns  onUow.  operculo,  antV.  jv.  luud 
rapide  augentibus.     Long.  -'Il,  long.  spir.  'OD,  lat.  "17,  div.  70". 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay ;  one  specimen  among  Lacuna  {Swan). 

May  be  an  aberrant  Assiminea. 

40.  Mangelia  crebricostata. 

M.  testa  tereti,  rufo-fusca,  albo  zonata  ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?  •  . .  (dccolbitis) ; 
norm.  V.  elongatis,  sidirotundatis,  suturis  ini))ressis ;  costis  radi- 
antibus,  obtU'-is,  subrectis,  circ.  xv.,  spiram  ascendentibus ;  sculp- 
tura  spirali?  . .  .  (detritJi) ;  apertura  pyriforini,  antrorsum  in  ca- 
iialem  brevem  attenuata ;  labro  postice  parum  siiniato ;  labio  con- 
spieuo.     Long.  -54,  long.  spir.  "3,  lat.  "2,  div.  28°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  1  specimen  {Swan). 

41.  Mangelia  interfossa. 

M.  testa  parva,  Talde  attenuata,  rufo-fusca,  marginibus  spirpe  parum 
excurvatis ;  anfr.  nuel.  ii.,  ut  in  Chrijsodomo  irregularilius,  apice 
jnaniillato  ;  norm,  vi.,  paruin  excurvatis,  hand  tabulatis,  suturis 
distinctis  ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xv.,  angustis,  extaiitibus  ;  cos- 
tulis  spiralibus  circ.  xv.,  (piarum  circ.  v.  sou  vi.  in  spira  moustrantur, 
angustis,  supra  costas  transeuntibus,  ad  intersectioues  parum  no- 
dulosis  ;  interstitiis  altis,  quadratis  ;  basi  cffusa  ;  apertura  sub- 
pyriformi;  labro  acuto,  postice  vix  emarginato;  labio  tenui. 
Long.  "38,  long.  spir.  •22,  lat.  '13,  div.  25°. 

Hab.  Neeab  Bay;  very  rare  {Swan). 

4.2.  "^Mangelia  tabidnta. 

1^1.  testa  parva,  solidissima,  luride  rufo-f'nsca,  marginibus  spirne  ex- 
curvatis;  vertice  nndcoso  chalcedonico  (eroso)  ;  anfr.  norm,  v., 
postice  rectangulatim  tabulatis,  suturis  impressis;  costis  radianti- 
bus  circ.  xvi.,  validis,  obtusis,  circiter  basim  attciuiatam  obsolctis  ; 
costis  spiralibus  in  spira  iii.-iv.  angustis,  extantibus,  supra  cost. 
rad.  nodosis  ;  interstitiis  alte  insculptis,  subcpiadratis  ;  costis  circa 
basim  circiter  vii.,  quadratim  extantibus,  interstitiis  a  lineis  incre- 
menti  vix  decussatis ;  cauali  curta,  aperta  ;  labro  acutiore,  ad  an- 
gidum  posticum  vix  sinuato  ;  labio  tenui ;  columella  obsolete  uni- 
plicata.     Long.  -4.5,  long.  spir.  -2(1,  lat.  -2,  div.  35*^. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  several  virorn  specimens  (SiiJffw). 

The  distinct  fold  near  the  base  of  the  pillar  may  require  the 
formation  of  a  new  genua. 

242 


from  the  Vcncouver  District.  ■  -9 

43.  tDnphnella  effusa. 

ID.  testa  gracillim!'.,  maxime  efFiisa,  rufo  fusca  ;  nnfr.  ansn^iti?,  olon- 
gatis,  suturis  impressis  ;  striis  spiraUl)iis  crebris  a  lineis  iiuTe- 
menti  decussatis  ornata ;  labro  tenuiore,  postice  vix  siuuato. 
Long.  'G;),  long.  spir.  •13,  lat.  •2_',  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Necah  Bay;  one  broken  specimen  [Swan). 

44;.   Odostomia  satura. 

O.  testa  magna,  alba,  laevi,  solidiore,  satis  elevata;  anfr.  nucl.  ii., 
aiigustis,  subplanorboideis,  valde  decliviter  sitis,  dextrorsuin  itn- 
mersis,  sinistrorsum  extantibus ;  norm,  v.,  tuniidioribns,  legula- 
riter  convexis,  suturis  impressis  ;  basi  rotnndata,  tumente,  quasi 
umbilicata ;  apertura  ovata ;  laljro  vix  sinuato  ;  labio  tenui,  ap- 
presso ;  plica  columellari  valida,  subantica,  parieti  baud  contigua, 
transversa.     Long.  "26,  long.  spir.  •14,  lat.  '13,  div.  40°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  rare  [Swan). 

Var.  pupiformis :  anfr.  primis  valde  depressis,  planatis ;  vertice 
maniillato  ;  anfr.  ult.  normali.  Specimen  unicum,  quasi  monstru- 
osum.    Long.  'lO,  long.  spir.  •!,  lat.  •12,  div.  4.")°. 

445.   Oduslomia  (?var.)  Gouldii. 

O.  testa  solida,  alba,  ovoidea,  marginil)as  sj)irae  valde  excurvatis  ; 
vert.  nucl.  decliviter  immersn  ;  anfr.  norm,  v.,  subplanatis,  sutniis 
valde  impressis ;  peripberia  baud  angnlata  ;  basi  excnrvata,  band 
tumida ;  apertura  ovata,  postice  paruni  constricta ;  labro  solido  ; 
labio  cons[)icuo,  rimam  umbilicalem  formante ;  plica  submediana, 
solida,  extaute,  baud  declivi.  Long.  '23,  long.  spir.  ■13,  lat.  •!, 
div.  30°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  very  rare  (Siran). 

Agrees  in  some  respects  better  with  the  diagnosis  of  O.  gra- 
vida, Gould,  than  do  Col.  Jevvett's  shells,  from  which  it  is  pre- 
sumed the  species  was  described.  These  large  forms  appear 
very  vai'iable. 

45.   Odostomia  nnciformis. 

O.  testa  magna,  compacta,  Isevi,  solida,  alba  ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?  . .  .  (erosis), 
vertice  subniamillato ;  anfr.  norm,  v.,  snlijibuiatis,  subelongatis ; 
spira  brevi,  marginibus  valde  excnrvatis  ;  basi  eloiigata,  baud  um- 
bilicata ;  apertura  sul)ovali,  postice  angusta ;  labro  solido  ;  labio 
tenui ;  plica  autica,  solida,  obtusa,  transversa,  parietem  baud  attin- 
gente.     Long.  "3,  long.  spir.  "14,  lat.  '18,  div.  70°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  extremely  rare  [Swan). 

45  b.  Odostomia  (?  var.)  aveUana. 

O.  testa   O.  nvci/ormi  indole  simili,   sed  sf)ira  valde  prolongata. 
Long.  -32,  long.  spir.  -U).  lat.  •IG,  div.  .50°. 
Hab.  Necah  Bay  ;  one  specimen  [Siran).  t 

Like  a  gigantic  form  of  O.  cuiwidalis, 

243 


10  Dr.  P.  r.  Carpcnt;  r  on  new  Forms  of  MuUusca 

47-   O.iostomia  tenuisailpta. 

O.  testa  ovnidea,  subelevata,  albiila,  tenui,  diaphana ;  aiifr.  nucl. 
subvcrticaliter  inimers-is,  angustis  ;  norm,  iii.,  parmii  tuinidis,  su- 
tiiris  impressis,  sulculis  spiralibus  bitioribus  baud  impres.'^i-^,  dis- 
tantibu*,  in  spira  iii.,  circa"  basim  rotundatain  circ.  vi.  subobso- 
letis  ;  apertura  ovata  ;  ])Uca  acuta,  decUvi,  parva,  paricti  contigua; 
labro  acuto ;  labio  iinUstiucto ;  cobunella  autice  jjuruin  eft'usa. 
Long,  "l,  long.  spir.  "0-1,  lat.    OG,  div.  (JU°. 

Hub.  Nceah  Bay;  one  specimen  {Swan). 

48.  Scalaria  Indianonim, 

S.  testa  gracili,  tnrrita,  alba ;  anfr.  circ.  x.,  rotundatis,  parum  sepa- 
ratis,  liEvibus ;  basi  siniplici,  baud  unibilicata ;  custis  viii.-xv. 
(pleiunique  xii.), acutioribus,  subn-flexis,  intcrdum  latis,  pk-rumcjue 
lineis  irregidaribus  tnargini  spirse  recto  parallelis  ascendeutibus, 
rarius  juxta  suturam  subnodosis ;  apertura  ovata.  Long.  1*05, 
long.  spir.  -8,  lat.  "3(5,  div.  28^. 

Hub.  Necah  Bay  [Swan). 

Strung  as  ornaments  by  the  Indian  children.  Intermediate 
between  /S.  coininunis  and  S.  Turtunis.  and  scarcely  differs  from 
"  S.  Geuryettina,  Kieu.,"  Mus.  Cu        lO.  34,  Brazil. 

48  6.  Scalaria  {? Indianonnn,  var.)  tincta. 

S.  llniJianonnn  costis  acutis,  baud  reflexis ;  anfractibus  postice  fusco- 
purj)ureo  tinctis. 

Hab.  Cerros  Island  [Ayres) ;  S.  Pedro  {Cooper). 

The  Lower-Californian  shell  may  prove  distinct.  It  is  like 
S.  regularis,  Cpr.,  but  without  the  spiral  sculpture. 

Subgenus  Opalia,  H.  &  A.  Ad.  (diagn.  auct.). 

Sralaricf  varicibns  obtui*is,  irrcgularibus,  parum  definitis  :  sculp- 
tura  basim  versus  interraj)ta. 

Ex.  in  ]Mus.  Cum. : — O.  crassicostafa,  0.  crassilabrum,  0.  dia- 
dema,  O.funiculata,  O.crenata,  O.  granidosa,  O.  australis,  O.bi- 
carinala,  O.  attenuata,  Pse.,  O.  M' Andrew,  Fbs.,  s]).  ined.  (West 
Indies).  Other  West-coast  species  are  O,  crenaioides  and  var. 
insculpta,  O.  spongiosa,  and  O.  retiporopa. 

The  species  of  this  very  natural  group  were  arranged  by  Messrs. 
Adams  partly  under  Opalia  and  partly  under  Cirsotrema. 

49.  Opalia  borealis,  Gld. 

O.  testa 0.fl««//"o^/simillima,valdeelongata;  anfr.  xii., planatis,  suturig 
parum  imj)ressis  ;  testa  jnn.  costis  vnl'dissimis  viii.  lalis,  rotundatis, 
peripheriam  attin^eutibus,inteiJum  uittrruptisi  testa adulta  seepius 

244 


from  the  Vancouver  District.  13 

oT)So!etis,  ad  pcriplicriam  evanidis  ;  circa  basini  totam  ii«que  ad 
Deriiiheriam  aiigiilatiin  lamina  sj)irali,  planata;  apertura  ovali ; 
lota  supcrficie  miiiutissime  spiraliter  striolata  :  operculo  jiaiici- 
spirali,  nueleo  ad  trit-iitem  longitudiiiis  sito,  lineis  incremeuii  Ta- 
lidis.     Long.  TT,  long.  spir.  1-3,  lat.  \)'^,  div.  20°. 

ITdh.  Paget  Sound  {U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.)-,  Neeali  Bay  and  Ta- 
tooche  Island  (Sivan). 

This  species  was  donl)tfiillv  indinted,  not  described,  by  Dr. 
Gould,  in  the  *  E.  E.  Moll.'  p.  207.  It  appears  to  be  exactly  iden- 
tical with  "  crassicosfafa,  Australia,"  in  Brit.  Mus,,  and  is  nearly 
related  to  Oc/iofensis,  Midd.  It  must  not  be  confounded  with 
Acirsa  borealis,  Beck.  One  young  specimen  has  the  ten  ribs  of 
O.  australis, 

50.  Cerithiopsis  munita 

C.  testa  C.  pvrpnretB  siniili,  sed  angustiore,  marginibus  spirse  fere 
rectis ;  costis  spiralibus  magis  expressis,  testa  adulta  minus  nodu- 
Josis  ;  basi  a;(pialiter  lirulata.  Long.  '34,  long.  spir.  '24,  lat.  '11, 
div.  20°. 

Hub.   Neeah  Bay;  common  [Swan). 

51.   Cerithiopsis  columna. 

C.  testa  majore,  valde  elongata,  purpureo-fusca ;  anfr.  norm,  ix., 
planatis,  suturis  distinctis  ;  seriebus  iii.  nodulorum  spiralibus 
valde  appressorum,  creberrimorum,  interstitiis  parvis,  altis ;  aliis 
interdum  intercalanlibus  ;  lira  qiiarta  supra  suturam  baud  valde 
nodulosa,  liris  duabus  baud  expressis  aream  snturalem  cir- 
cumeuntibus  ;  basi  planata,  baud  sculpta,  ad  peripberiam  obtuse 
angulata ;  apertura  quadrata.  Long.  '3^,  long.  spir.  32,  lat.  "l, 
div.  10°. 
Hub.  Neeah  Bay  ;  several  worn  specimens  {Swan)  :  Monterey; 

rolled  fragment  of  larger  shell  [Cooper). 

Easily  recognized,    even   in   portions,   by  the   "struag-fig" 

pattern. 

55.  Cancellaria  modesta. 

C.  testa  elata,  subrufa,  tricbotropiformi,  marginibus  spirop  rectis; 
anfr.  norm,  v.,  rotundatis,  j)ostiee  subtabulatis,  suturis  impressis  ; 
costis  spiralibus  obtusis,  distantibus,  in  spira  circ.  iv.,  circa  basim 
prolongatam  circ.  vii.,  aliis  minoribus  interdum  interealantibus ; 
interstitiis  secundum  incrcnunta,  decussatis;  apertura  sub- 
quadrata;  columella  plicis  duabus  declivibus  anticis  et  costulis 
basalibus  ornata;  labio  nullo.  Long.  08,  long.  spir.  -34,  lat.  34, 
div.  50°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  one  specimen  and  fragment  {Swan). 

56.    Velutina  prolongata. 

F.  testa  majore,  subplanata,  temiiore,  caraea,  sjtira  minima ;  anfr.  iii, 

245 


12  Dr.  P.  P.  Carppnfcr  on  new  Forms  of  MuUusca. 

et  diinidio,  rapidissime  augentibus :  vertice  vix  couspicuo ;  anfr. 
ult.  antice  valde  porrecto ;  regione  coluiiicllari  iiicurvata  ;  labio 
valido ;  axi  haud  rimata ;  epiderniide  tenui,  rugis  incremeiiti  or- 
nata,  spiraliter  haud  striata.  Long.  -J,  long,  sijir.  -15.  iat.  '95. 
div.  140°.  or. 

llab.  Neeah  Bay ;  rare  {Swaa), 

246 


F. 


DIAGNOSES 


OF 


NEW  FORMS  OF  MOLLUSCA 


FBOSC 


THE  YAXCOUYER  DISTRICT. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  tlie  Zoolo<;ical  Society  of  London,  pp.  201-204, 

February  14,  1865. 


(  247) 


DiAGXOSES   OF  New  Forms  ov    ^foTxtrscA   from   the  Van- 
couver District.     By  Philip  P.  Carpenter,  15. A.,  Ph.D. 

Tebebbatula  unguicula,  n.  s. 

T.  t.  juniore  "  Terebratiilinae  capiti-serpentis"  simillima,  sed  la- 
tiore,  subtisangalata  ;  j)unctis  vulde  conspicvis ;  costis  con- 
spicuis,  interdum  obtusioribus,  aliis  inteicalaiitibits ;  intus, 
amento suboctiformi,  jwstice  aperfo,  cruris  duii/ona'ibus  cardini 
affl.vis :  testa  adidta  valra  inferiore  subrotundata,  maryinem 
versus  haud  phtnata  \  umbone  valde  tumente,  latiore ;  striis 
radiantihus,  ut  in  "  T.  capite-serpentis  "  conspicuis  ;  maryiuibus 
cminlatis,  haud  undatis ;  intus  amento  majorc,  bisinuato,  dor- 
saliter  haud  confinuo,  cdcaribus  duobus  munitu. 
Long.  "6,  lat.  •.'),  alt.  "3  })'  11. 

Hub.  Sail  Diego,  (j  fm.  ;  Monterey,  not  rare  in  20  fm.,  (in  Cali- 
fornia State  Geological  Survey)  Cooper.  Neeali  Bay  (valve),  Sicun. 
Vancouver,  Forbes. 

The  specimens  sent  by  Dr.  Cooper  were  all  of  small  size,  and,  from 
the  intercalation  of  riblets  near  the  margin,  clearly  immature.  They 
presented  the  incomplete  loop  of  the  restricted  genus  to  which  Dr. 
Cooper  affiliated  them.  Notwithstanding,  as  both  Davidson  and  Wood- 
ward state  that  the  young  of  the  British  species  has  the  loop  similarly 
open,  it  remamed  doubtful  whether  this  might  not  prove  conspecific. 
Messrs.  Reeve  and  Hanley  unhesitatingly  pronounced  them  to  be 
"  caput-serpentis,  jun.,"  the  latter  gentleman  stating  that  they  pre- 
sented the  peculiar  form  of  that  species  which  belongs  to  the  Medi- 
terranean examples.     Dr.  Forbes,  however,  was  fortunate  enough  to 

249 


2  DR.   P.    P.  CARPKNTER   ON   NEW   MOLLl  SCA. 

oStain  an  aaiilt  hliell,  wliich  parsed   into  the  Cuiiiinjiian  CdUcction 
ll.iviiig  reiiiovid  the  Hiiiinal  matter  witli  great  care,  tlie  \uo[)  was 
found  to  retain  the  tbnn  seen  in  the  young  shell,  oidy  perhajis  stil 
more  open.     This  is  the  first  recent  species  of  the  genus  which  has 
been  discovered  with  a  sculptured  surface,  aud  afl'ords  au  iustruclive 
leasuu  uut  to  rely  ou  external  characters. 


Terehrafnla  unguicula:  1,  2,  outside  views  of  Mr.  Cuming's  adult  specimen, 
natural  size:  3,  4,  inside  views  of  the  ujper  valve,  slightly  niagnitieii. 

The  outline  of  the  adult  is  much  rounder,  and  the  margin  blunter, 
than  in  T.  caput-serpentis.  Inside,  the  noncom])let  on  of  the  some- 
what w-shaped  loop  is  a  very  obvious  character.  This  is  large  ir 
proportion,  extending  to  about  two«-tifths  of  the  length  and  one- 
third  of  the  greatest  breadth  of  the  shell.  It  is  bent  upwards  in  the 
middle,  as  seen  from  the  partly  opened  valves  ;  with  a  double  wave  at 
the  sides,  as  seen  from  the  direction  of  the  opposite  valve.  Two  spurs 
ascend  from  the  crests  of  the  side  waves,  as  though  preparing  tc 
comi)lete  the  loop.  The  similar  Terehratella  anyiistata  from  Japan, 
when  of  the  same  size  as  Dr.  Cooper's  specimens,  has  the  loop  quite 
continuous  *. 

Subgenus  NETTASTOMELLAf. 

Pholadidea  :  valvis  postire  in  calycem  testaceum  planatum  pro* 
long  at  is  ;  calyce  coviaceo  nulla. 

Nettastomell/*  darwinii,  Sby.  (diag.  auct.). 

N.  t.  minore,  elonffdta,  tenitissima  ;  parte  postiva  cosfis  radian* 

fihus  acntiorihus  circ.  vii.  et  luminis  concentricis  acutissiinis. 

distantibus,  ant  ice  continuis,  eief/atitissime  ornata;  rostris  plw 

•  Dr.  Cooper  having  forwarded  for  my  inspection  a  large  aud  beautifully  per 
feet  specimen  of  the  true  WaliUieimia  californica,  I  have  compared  it  with  the 
%eries  of  the  very  variable  W.  glohoui  in  the  Smithsonian  Museum,  undoubtedly 
from  Orauge  Harbour.    The  Calitoruia  shell,  however,  hus  a  strong  browuish- 
red  tiuge,  aud  does  not  display  the  beautiful  veiuing  of  the  Maghellan  species. 

t  Th.  viiTTa,  a  duck,  oriijua,  mouth.  The  name  Nefasfoma,  given  in  tht 
'  Brit.  Assoc.  Report,'  ISOS,  being  preoccupied  in  another  subkingdum,  accuiding 
to  Dr.  Cooper,  it  is  thought  necessary  to  .ary  the  termiiiatiou. 

250 


DR.   P.   P.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  MOLLVSCA. 

nntis,  posfice   (liceryenfihus,  stri'is   incrementi  crebris  acufis, 
aliter  lunul  snifiitd  ;  partu  uiitica  t.jun.  ajjeita,  adultce  rfuvsa  ; 
clausis  teiiuiiS)iiitiis,  seciuulum  incrementa  undulatis,  super  mn- 
bones  prolonyatln,  intift'tlivos  postice  furmantibus ;  epU/tnnit/e 
/'uf/aci,  tenui,  ptilliile  viriili. 
Hub.  Monterey,  Rich.;  Vancouver,  Lord;  S.  Diego,  Cooper, 
=  Phulas  dfiririiiii,  Sl)v. 
s=  Jouanettia  dancinii,  Mus.  Cuming. 
^  Parajiholas  penita,  Tryon,  Mon.  I'hol. 

This  remarkable  sluU  iliffers  from  Jouanettia  in  having  both 
valves  equal ;  from  Pholadidea  proper  in  having  no  coriaceous 
cup,  its  place  being  supi>lied  by  a  flattened  prolongation  from 
each  valve,  like  a  duck's  bill  in  miniature.  In  Mr.  Lord's  specimen 
(preserved  in  the  British  Museum),  though  the  valves  are  closed,  the 
prolongations  are  widely  divergent,  as  when  the  bird  utters  its  cheer- 
ful •'  quai'k."  The  loose,  thin  epidermis  appears  to  have  covered  the 
bill  as  well  as  the  valves.  Mr.  'I'ryon  had  probably  not  seen  a  speci- 
men, else  he  could  hardly  have  affiliated  so  very  different  a  shell  to 
Pholadidea  penita.  The  original  specimen  is  said  to  have  come  from 
Chili. 

Darina  declivis. 

D.  t.  tenuinsima,  planata,  elliptica,  Machcerceformi,  utroque  latere 
hiante  ;  cinerea,  epideriiiide  fortiore  induta  ;  martjinibus  reyu- 
lariter  excurvatis ;  ntnbonibus  haud  conspicids,  ad  duas  inter 
quinque  partes  lonyititdinis  postice  sitis :  intus  cartilayine 
spathula  elonyatu,  dorsum  versus  utraque  talva  decUviter  sita, 
a  lif/amento  lamina  extatite  tenuissima  separata;  dente  car- 
dinali  lanilnato,  extante,  curtiore ;  lateralibus  vix  conspicuis ; 
sinu  pallii  ovali,  fere  ad  medium  por recto. 
Long.  \'~7,  lat.  •'6'>,  alt.  •;^4  poll. 
ITab.  Vancouver's  Island  {Forbes). 

The  only  other  species  of  Darina  known  is  from  the  Straits  of 
Maghellan.  The  northern  shell  may  have  been  passed  over  as  the 
young  of  Macheera  putula,  to  which  it  bears  a  strong  external  re- 
semblance. 

Saxidomus  brevisifiionatus. 

S.  t.  subovali,  tenuiore,  subplanata,  albida,  epidermide  pnllide 
olivacea  induta ;  fata  superjicie  rut/is  concentricis,  crebris, 
valde  obtusis,  et  uiidis  incrementi  iuterdum  majoribus,  ornata  ; 
marginibus  subaqnalitcr  excurvatis,  maxime  ventrali :  intus 
curdine  tenuiore,  dente  anrico  elonyato  ;  sinu  pallii  parco,  ad 
trientem  interstitii  porrecto,  latiore. 
Long.  2().>,  lat,  'J-O.i,  alt.  l-l.")  poll. 
Hub.  ?Vancouver,  ?Japan  (Mus.  Cuming). 

A  very  distinct  species,  in  shape  and  hinge  not  unlike  Callista,  hut 
without  lunule.  It  is  more  rounded  and  flatter  than  the  three  ty- 
pical Californian  .--pecies,  and  known  at  once  by  the  very  sm.iU  mantle- 
beuJ.     From  fotr  to  six  blunt  riblets  are  seen  ou  each  of  the  very 

2dl 


104  DR.  P.  P.  CARPKNTFR  ON  NEW  MOLIXSCA. 

blunt  waves  of  growth.  The  shell  was  sent  me  as  from  Dr.  Forbcs's 
Vancouver  collections,  and  is  so  quoted  in  the  Br.  Assoc.  Rep.  IHlV.i, 
p.  60"  ;  but  Mr.  Cuming  subsequently  stated  his  belief  that  it  came 
from  Japan.  It  may  be  allowable  to  state  that  many  of  the  species 
included  in  SaxUlomus  by  authors  are  more  correctly  rough  forms  of 
Tapes,  of  the  decvssata-\.y\^c  ;  the  true  Saxidomi  differing  from  that 
genus  (as  Cal/ista  docs  from  I'enus^  in  having  an  additional  pseudo- 
lateral  anterior  tooth.  This  is  very  evident  in  the  young  shell,  which 
has  a  much  rounder  outline  than  the  adult,  and  can  scarcely  be 
distiuguished  from  CalUiiUf  except  by  the  absence  of  lunule. 

252 


G. 


DIAGNOSES 


ov 


New  Species  and  a  New  Genus  of  Mollusks 


FROH 


THE   REIGEN   MAZATLAN  COLLECTION; 

WITH  AN  ACCOUNT  OF  ADDITIONAL   SPECIMENS  PRESENTED  TO 
THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM. 


BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A..  Ph.  D. 


From  the  Proceeding?  of  the  ZoGlogical  Society  of  London,  pp.  2CS-273, 

March  14.  1805. 


(  253  ) 


Diagnoses  of  New  Species  and  a  Nrw  Genus  of  Mon- 

LUSKS    FROM   THE    ReIGEN    MaZATLAN   COLLECTION  :    WITH 
AN     ACCOUNT    OF    ADDITIONAL     SPECIMENS     PRESENTED    TO 

THE  British  Museum.    Bv  Philip  P.  Carpenter,  B.A., 
Ph.D. 

After  the  publication  of  the  British  Museum  !Mazatlan  Catalosue, 
the  backs  of  several  fresh  Sj)07i(/i/lus-\a.\\es  were  examined  by  Mr. 
ll.  D.  Darbishire  and  myself.  Among  the  specimens  were  several 
^hich  were  deemed  worthy  of  being  added  to  the  national  collection; 
they  were  deposited  there,  with  a  MS.  appendix  to  the  Catalogue, 
in  IS.kS.  As  it  is  not  judged  necessary  to  print  this  separately,  I 
have  (with  the  permission  of  Dr.  Gray)  transcribed  what  should  be 
placed  on  record,  in  hopes  that  it  may  not  be  judged  out  of  ))lace 
in  the  '  Proceedings.'  Those  who  use  the  Mazatlan  Catalogue  are 
requested  to  observe  not  only  the  corrections  in  the  Appendix, 
pp.  547-o.i2,  but  also  those  made  in  the  Review  of  Professor  C.  B. 
Adams's  Panama  Catalogue,  P  Z.  S.  186.3,  p.  339;  and  in  the 
British  Association  Reports,  1863,  pp.  5-13  et  seq.  The  numbers, 
botii  of  species  and  of  tablets,  are  continued  from  the  Mazatla.i 
Catalogue,  and  correspond  with  those  in  the  Report.  The  student 
of  the  Gulf  fauna  should  also  consult  the  account  of  Mr.  Xaiitus's 

255 


2^^^  T)B.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

("ape  St.  Lnras  shells  in  the  'Annals  Nat.  [list.'  18G4,  and  in  the 
Rej)ort,  pp.  6H}-tJ26*. 

704.  Cellepora  areolata,  Buskf. 

Tablet  2540  contains  a  specimen  on  Omphalius  llgulafua, 

705.  Membranipora  ^flemtngii,  Buskf. 
Tablet  254 1  contains  a  group  on  O.  liyulatus. 

*  The  followinfj  addifional  specimene  from  the  Eeigen  Collection  have  been 
presented  to  the  British  Museum  . — 

Tablet. 

]  2*.  A  group  on  Omphalius  lignla^us. 

lo*.  Lcpralia  (rclj?r/ssa  and  Mrmhrnii/'pora,  sp.  ind.,  on  ditto. 
4'2.  Young  opposite  valve  of  '!Sohcur/us ,  perhaps  eonspeeific. 
201*.  Four  young  valves  (smallest  •(>.">  bj  "OoA)  probably  of  this  species. 
2(')6*.  Minute    transparent  valve,  '028  across,    teeth  uufonued;    perhaps  of 

this  species. 
3.[)8*.  Two  specimens  ;  margin  irregular. 
iJ"J4*.  Several  specimens  in  Uvaiulla  xiiffids;  one,  not  having  room  within,  has 

made  a  case  for  itself  outside  the  UvuniUa. 

042*.  A  pair,  -3  by  -15 ;  probably  an  older  state  of  the  same  species,  Barhatia 

alternafa. 

60*.  A  minute,  transparent  valve,  -045  by  -024,  without  teeth  ;  resembling 

"?  Siixicava  fragiih,  Nyst,''  JeilV..  in  '  Ann.  Nat.  llist.,'  Aug.  b'^uH. 

486*.  A  young  shell,  ■tMJ  across,  laid  open  ;  crowded  inside,  especially  near  tho 

umbones.  with  a  pinkish  mass  of  yuung  ones,  about  0018  i  i  length. 
500.  A  younger  pair,  much  more  transverse,  transparent,  without  concentric 
ridgi's,  tlie  lateral  teeth  in  one  valve  being  simply  the  raising  of  tha 
dorsal  margins. 
833*.  Two  young  s[)ecimens,  nestling  among  Nullipore  on  Fissurclla  alba. 
Stilt*.  Two  ^;peci^lens,  with  egg-cases  arranged  in  i)attern  like  Orbitulitcs. 
87<5*.  One  specimen,  curiously  mended  alter  fracture. 
877*.  One  -pecimen.  with  columella  curiously  contorted. 
1023*.  One  sjx'cimen.  with  ribs  rounded  and  aspect  of  Siphonaria  Iccanhnn  ; 

probably  a  distinct  species. 
1058*.  One  young  specimen,  probably  conspecific,  though  only   '07  by  "047; 

there  is  no  trace  of  spire. 
lO.W*.  Three  specimens  ;  broad  form. 
1408*.  Fragment  o(  Spi/ii'/j//i's  cah-if,r.  with  basal  supports  of  ZTZ/J/JOJ^yx  ?ser» 

raf)i!i.  in  burrow  of  Lifhophiiymf  plumvla. 
170,")*.  Two  specimens  with  (he  intercalary  leelh. 
1834*.  One  specimen  with  the  canal  bent  back,  as  in  Cassidaria, 
2221*.  One  sjiecimen,  mended  after  severe  fracture. 
2223*.  One  specimen ;  columellar  fold  bilid. 
2224*.  Two  specimens ;  columella  bent  and  straight. 
2225*.  One  specimen  ;  labrum  thin. 
222G*.  One  Bjiecimen  ;  ribs  el  ise. 

2370*.  One  specimen,  dwarf  form  ;  nodulous,  as  in  N.  vodulifira,  Phil. 
251(3.  An  opposite  larger  valve,  sinci'  found,  in  wiiich  there  is  only  one  di.«finct 

posterior  tooth,  and  the  anterior  hooked  tooth  is  separating  into  two. 
[2534.  One  specimen   of  Vifrinella  1  fricivinafa.  \\m.,  of  wbicli  the    ribs    are 
nodulous  in  the  young  slate.     If  rightly  determined,  this  adds  no.  710 
to  the  list  of  species.  ] 
2530.  A  nuclear  shell.  lUO  across,  of  Naticoid  shape,  very  finely  striated  in  each 
direction.     It  is  probably  a  young  llniinnii/x 

t  Both  of  these  species  were  kindly  ideutilied  by  Mr.  G.  liusk, 

256 


OF  MOLLVSKS  FROM  MAZATLAN.  270 

Genus  Cycladei  i  a. 

Tesfa  hh'dlvis,  tenuis,  (rqnilaferati.o,  (cqi'ivcJvis,  hnwl  Man*,  wwi- 
bonifjus  itldnatis.  Ligainenfiiin  teuumsim  ,m,  exfernum.  Cardo 
linea  ciireata,  dent.  lat.  distant iLus,  ca  d.  trouscerais,  haud 
radiantibus. 

£6.  Cycladella  papyracea,  n.sp, 

{.).  t.  tenuissimu,  subdiftjihanrr,  cpi.  'I'j-tnide  fenvi  indntn,  pJanafa, 
suborbiculari;  conccnfnce  f'ortiter  Virata,  Uns  rotunilutis,  intus 
excavatis;  iota  supeijieie  hneis  (jranuluiiis  radiantibus  creber~ 
rimis  nnnutissime  catlata;  dent.  card,  i -ii.  transversis,  mar- 
yini  dursali  subparat/elis ;  dent,  lat.  vat  dis. 
=  "  Telliaa  leburnea,  Ilanl."  (i'ragnients  only),  ^laz.  Cat.  no  06. 
Mr.  Iliinlev   kindly  sent  for   my  inspection   a  perfect  pair  (as 
*'  Lepton  "),  which  he  haU  found  nestling  ni  a  burrow  in  Spondt//us. 
The   hinge  more  resembles  Ci/clas  (Lam.)   than  any  other  known 
genus.     Its  great  peculiarity  is,  that  the  cardinal  teeth,  instead  of 
radiating  from  the   umbo,  fall  in   tlie   curve  of  the   hinge-line,  as 
though  unitinjj  the  lateral  teeth.     Tiie  shell  is  too  thin  (beiiiir  dcenlv 
uidented  within  by  the  concentric  waves)   to  make  out  the  pallial 
line;  but  no  trace  of  sinus  is  visible.     It  may  therefore  rank,  provi- 
sionally, under  Kelliadcc,  although  in  other  resjiects  its  athnitiea 
appear  to  be  with  (Edaliu  and  CoopereUa.     The  ligament  appears 
little  more  than  a  prolon!5ation  of  the  ejudermis.     Ueside  the  trans- 
verse cardinal  teeth,  there  is  in  each  valve  a  curved  line,  slisihtlv 
raised  like  the  end  of  a  finger-nail,  which  bounds  what  would  be  the 
lunule  in  other  shells. 

Long.  -1,  lat.  -Vl.i,  alt.  -01.5. 

Hub.  .Mazatlan ;   one    perfect   specimen    frcm    Harre  CoUectiou 
(Jlilus.  Hani.)  ;  fragments,  Liverpool  Collection, 

7OG.  ?  Montacuta  OBTUSA,  n.sp. 

fM.  t.  planata,  valde  intvquiluterali,  subrhomboidea ;  subdin- 
phann  sen  chalcedunica,  haud  punctata,  Uvvi ;  mari/inibus  ple- 
rumqne  rcyulariter  e.ccurvatis,  dorsali  recto,  umbonibus  haud 
proniincnfibus;  cardine,  vtraque  n>  vulva,  dente  uno  cardinu/i 
et  fossa  linamentuli ;  dent  lut.  altera  vulva  elomjatis,  reclta, 
altera  vix  coiispicuis. 

Differs  from  ?  ^1/.  dioncea  in  the  elongation  of  the  lateral  teetl), 
and  in  the  possession  of  a  distinct  cardinal  tooth  in  each  valve. 

Long.   047,  lat.  -Oti,  alt. -01. 

Hub.  iMazatlai)  ;  two  frt-sh  specimens,  Liverpool  Collection, 

Tablet  2.>oO  contains  the  larger  specimen ;  the  other  is  trans 
parent. 

6y{i.  Pectun'culus,  sp.  ind. 

Tablet  2."i;3l  contains  a  ii<inute  valvp,    033  across;  outside  w«.v 
close,   prominent  concentric  ridges,  foliated   by  about   tvveuty-fma 
1 7  257 


271  DR.  p.  p.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

rounded  ribs,  which  are  evanescent  near  tlie  umbo.     Inside  with  a 
very  few  strong  teeth,  developed  in  a  curved  hue. 

698.    SCISSURELLA  RIMULOIDES,  H.  Sp. 

S.   t.   rapiile   aiigeiite,   alTndu,   tenvissima ;   ajiice   celnto ;    anfr. 

iii.,  radiatim  liratis,  liris  snidistnntibus,  acntts,  ohliquis;  mn- 

bilico  tiKifino;  lubro  ili'riiri,  hand  Jisso,  seil  (/pert urn  jiosficii, 

tit  til"  \lunii\ii"  /on/Kita,  fnibquadidtd,  e/o/ii/t/fa  ;  liris  fruns- 

versis  gradus  testae  increscentis  dejudentihus ,  peritremate  coii' 

tiniio,  oiUqvo. 

Only  one  specimen  was  found  of  this  beautiful  little  specie',  the 

lirst  known  from   America.     It  looks  like  a  Felnfiita  crossed  by 

sharp  ril)S  in  the  direction  of  the  slanting  mouth.     In  the  first  whorl 

i»ie  ril)s  are  very  close.     It  then  a-^sumes  its  normal  sculpture,  but 

there  is  nearly  a  whorl  before  there  is  any  tnce  of  incision.     This 

appears  to  have  begun  as  a  slit,  which  was  afterwards  <dosed  uj).     A 

b.uul,  marked  off  by  ten  transverse  riljs  showirig  stages  of  growth, 

eiuircles  the  shell  as  far  as  the  hole,  which  is  long  i>.nd  somewhat 

."Ctangnlar ;  but  there  is  no  band  between  the  hole  and  the  outer 

iip.     The  shell  furnishes   a  comj)lete   transition  to  Riinula.     It  ii 

pieserved  on  tal>Iet  2.532. 

Long.  •02;;,  long.  spir.  -003,  lat.  "03;  div.  140''. 

Hub.  Mazatlan  ;  oW  Spu/idi/lus  cald/er  ;  Liverpool  Collcctiou. 

fi!)!).    VlTRINELLA  ORNATA,  U.  Sp. 

V.  f.  siibdiscotdea,  dinphnna,  tenuissima ;  anfr.  iv.,  quormn  iii. 
prinii  nucleosi,  uiscidpti ;  ultimo  carina  maxima  circa  periphe- 
riam  ;  postice  mbaiiyulata,  rur/is  radiantibus  et  striohs  spi- 
ralibus  ormita;  antiee  carinata,  carina  nodosa;  basi  carina 
altera  et  rvgis  radiantibus  ornuta ;  umbilico  anyulato,  satis 
mayno ;  labro  a  carina  indentuto. 

Long.  Ol.'j,  lat.  •O.N--U3:»  ;  div.  (circ.)  17.^°. 

Hub.  Mazatlan ;  one  specimen  off  tipondylus,  on  tablet  2.)33; 
Liverpool  Collection. 

700.    VlTRINELLA  TENUISCULPTA,  n.  Sp. 

V.  t.  plana  fa,  diaphana,  tenuissima  ;  anf.  iii.  et  dimldio,  quorum 

iii.   nucleosi;   striis  elecatis,   spiralibus,   qiianim  una   magna, 

quasi  carina  prope  suturam  sculpta ;  pcriphcria  hiiud  angv- 

luta  ;  basi  bis  angulata,interdum  rvgis  radiantibus  distantibua 

ornatn  ;  umbilico  s:'tis  magno,  carinata  ;  apertura  undata,  sub- 

quadrata. 

The  sculpture  is  not  uniform  over  the  last  whorl.     The  principal 

diagnostic  features  are  the  biangulated  base,  the  infra^utural  keel, 

Riid  the  roiuided  periphery. 

Long,  -ok;,  long,  spir."  0,  lat.  •02,3--03  ;  div.  180°. 
Hub.  Mazatlan  ;  one  specimen  off"  Upondylus,  on   tablet  2534 1 
Liverpool  Collection. 

258 


OF  MOLi.rsK'?  rnoM  MA2.vn.;.M.  ^75 

701.  ?  VlTRINELLA,  Sp.  inO. 

Tablet  2535  contains  »  fragment,  "085  acros«,  of  what  wa*  jYro- 
bably  a  gigantic  species  of  this  genus  or  of  Cyclotrema^  strong-j 
keeled. 

492.    DiALA  PAUPERCULA,  C.  B.  Ad. 

^=Cin(jula  paupercula,  C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  :  diagnon 

mutata. 

=^.Odostomia  mamillata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  492:  diagnosi  aueia, 

D.  t.  nitida,  solida ;  vert.  nucl.  anfr.  iv.,  lirulis  spira/iOits  et 
rudiaiitibvs  tenuiter  deciissuto ;  t.  adulta  decollatu,  ve.-tice 
maniillato  ;  anfr.  norm.  iv. ,-  perifremate  continuo  ;  Lasi  obtuse 
angulata,  lacuna  lunbiiicali  a  labio  separuto  formuta. 

Long.  -085,  long,  spirae   055,  lat.  '05  ;  div.  '6A^. 

The  fortunate  discovery  of  a  jierfect  young  specimen  and  some 
adult  shells  in  the  shell-washings  of  Professor  Adams's  collection 
enables  us  to  exjilain  the  louialies  described  in  the  Mazatlan  Cata- 
logue, where  the  solit.  lead  shell  was  referred,  with  doubi,  to 
Odostomia,  in  consequei.-j  of  its  truncated  apex.  It  was  not  pos- 
sible to  recognize  in  it  Professor  Adams's  "  Cingula,"  since  that  was 
described  as  having  the  apex  "  subacute,"  and  the  angular  base  an»' 
continuous  peritreme  were  not  mentioned.  The  nuclear  whorls  are 
sculptured  as  in  Alaha  svpraUrata ;  but  the  vertex,  instead  of  being 
persistent  as  in  that  genus,  appears  to  be  always  decollated  in  the 
adult.     The  shell  has  the  peculiar  glossy  texture  of  Diala. 

702.  MaNGELIA  SULCATA,  n.  sp. 

M.  t.  subturrita,  albida,  apice  obtuso  ;  anjr.  vii.,  tumid ioribus  ^ 
liris  vii.,  obtusis,  rectis,  vix  angulatis ;  sulcis  spiralibis  creber- 
rimis,  circa  basim  continuis ;  lubrol  .  .  .   \_fractoj. 

Long.  '2,  long.  sp.  •12,  lat.  "07  ;  div.  35°. 

Hab.  Mazatlan ;  one  specimen  off  i<pond)jlus,  on  tablet  2538  ] 
Liverpool  Collection. 

703.  ?ToRiNiA,  sp.  in. 

Tai)let  2539  contains  a  small  shell,  "035  across,  consisting  of  3| 
smoo'di,  flattened,  sinistral  whorls;  with  a  distinct  suture,  but  not 
wmbilicated.  In  a  larger  specimen  (unfortunately  lost),  under  tiie 
inicro.->cope  this  sinistral  vertex  appeared  turned  completely  upside 
down,  with  more  than  half  a  whorl  of  an  orbicular  shell,  v  hitCi 
sculptured  like  Vitrinella,  with  a  very  strong  jjcriphcrical  keel,  and 
other  smaller  keels,  decussated  by  radiating  rugie.  Tiiis  UKide  of 
growth  is  exactly  as  in  the  young  Torinia  ;  but  the  adult  must  have 
been  very  distinct  from  any  known  species,  and  perhaps  did  not 
belong  to  any  described  genus. 

550.    MuCRONALlA  INVOLUTA,  n.  Sp. 

M.  t.  parca,  tenui,  albida,  irregularis  tnarginibus  spirce  valde 
fjccurcatis s  vertice  de'lir':  an/,  norm.  vi.  +.  .  .  .saiis  excur- 

259 


273  DR.  p.  r.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

vat  is,  suturis  vdlde  iinpressis  ;  basi  prolongafa,  ohtuxn  ,-  aper» 
turd  ni'fili,  postice  anyusta ;  lahro  acuta ;  lahio  tenuisiimo, 

Loiij;,  -lO."),  long,  spir    068,  lat.  •03:3  ;  div.  20°. 

^=Leiostruca  h-ectu,  Maz.  Cat.  in  loco  :  uou  C.  B.  Ad. 

551.  Leiostraca  producta,  n.  sp. 

L.  t.  parva,  alfnda,  suh/usi/ormi,  marginihus  spirfs  rpctis;  rerfire 
acutiore,  recto;  nnfr.  norm,  w.,  pla/iatis,  suturis  rLv  cons/ji- 
cuis ;  peripheria  satis  rotunduta  ;  basi  rapide  anyustata,  postea 
producta ;  apertura  subrhomboiJea,  axi  antice  acuta,  anyulatai 
lahro  acuto  ;  lubio  teiiui. 

Long   -123,  long,  spir   "US,  lat  -046  ;  div.  23^ 

=  Leiostraca  I sol'taria,  Ma/.   Cat.,  in  loco:  now  C.  B.  Ad. 

This  species  is  easily  recogw  ;cmI  by  its  very  peculiar  sharply- 
pointed  beak ;  iu  shape  like  a  young  llostelluria,  without  the  canal. 

652.   AnACHIS  T.ENIATA,  Phil. 

Columbella  fceniafa,  Phil,  in  Zcit.  j.  l\]<ii.  I8<^  no.  26  (non  Ad. 
&  live,  in  Voy    Samjirang) 

=  Anac/iis  Gashoini,  Cpr.  in  Maz.  Cat   p.  510.  no.  C52. 

Variat   lineis  spiralihus  fuscis  viii.,    quarum  iii.    in   spira  mon^ 
struntur ;  maculis  alternatis  inter  secundum  ei  tertium  sitis. 
Variat  quoque  maculis  ecanescentibus. 

Hab.  Callao  (teste  Gankoin)  ;  Mazatlan  (£".  B.  Philippi,  Reiyen); 
Cape  St  Lucas  (A'</rt'w«) 

It  appears  that  Mr.  Gaskoin  was  not  acquainted  with  Phi- 
lippi's  species,  which  had  not  then  reached  the  Cumingiaii  Collec- 
tion ;  as  he  pronounced  M.  Ileigen's  specimen  to  be  new,  and  sug- 
gested the  specitic  name  m  the  Alazatlan  Catalfgue.  It  would  have 
avoided  a  double  synonymy,  could  the  name  tceniata  have  been  re- 
tained for  the  Samarang  shell,  and  Mr.  Gaskoiu's  for  this.  The 
Cape  St.  Lucas  shells  vary  as  above  inlicated. 

650.  ?Anachis  serrata,  Cpr. 

Maz.  (^at.  no.  650,  p.  .50;).  Perfect  specimens  of  this  singular 
species  liaving  been  found  at  Cape  St.  Lucas  by  Mr.  Xantus,  the 
diagnosis  may  be  thus  completed  • — 

Epiderniide  fimbnafa,  lirulas  spirales  eleganterdecussante;  Inbri 
denticulis  rariantibus,  interdum  subobsotefis. 

Long.  '28   long,  spir     15.  lat  -13  ;  div.  40". 

With  the  sculpture  and  general  aspect  of  a  small  Cantharus,  if  'las 
the  mouth  of  an  Anachis.  The  operculum,  and  therefore  the  generic 
relations,  are  not  yet  known*. 

•  The  following  additions  and  corrections  may  be  uscJul  to  the  .students  of 
the  Bnlisli  Museum  C"atali)i,'\ie  :--- 

Spcrii's  IHt  Arvii  i:iiilfiii:sfiifa  further  differs  from  A.grandii  in  the  epi* 
deriuiu  being  sofl  and  ver_\  liiiely  iiairy. 

260 


OF  MOT.TXSKS  FROM  MAZATLAN.  27^ 

223.  The  length  should  be  M. 

fiU).  For  "  lalno  nvlln  "  read  "  tenidssimo  " 

S'H)    Tlie  miplcar  shell  has  two  whorls,  Ampu'laria-fhapei. 

3()7.  Add  to  diai^nosis,  '•  opcrci'fo  conravc,  linca  ilivnfit  suturam  dcfinienfe" 

S<W.  Add  to  diagnosis,  ''openulo  vix  concaio,  sufiir/x  ^/laii'.s  (lijiniti»." 

37'>.  Add  to  diagnosis,  "opcrcido  concaio,  siifun's  (linfuuftx,  jxr/jJicrian 
Vfrsiis  lutea  clevata  iiistructis."  The  species  was  found  living  among  the  smal 
OlireUcp. 

;57ti.  Add  to  diagnosis,  "  opcrculo  concave,  siduris  vix  dcfimtis."  Living 
among  OUvtlhe. 

501    Instead  of  the  specimen  from  which  the  description  in  the  text  wa 

written,  tablet  100(5  contains  a  much  finer  shell,  since  found,  which  al'owsof  th 

following  additions  to  the  diagnosis: — "  rerf  nucl.parvo,  satis  cxfnnfe.  dech 

i  vifer  sifo  ;  avjr   norm,  v  ;  infersififiis  cnrinarnm  irunsversim  rugulusis ;  labr- 

tolidiore.     Long.  (IS7,  long,  spir    O^u,  lat.  -Oo^." 

510.  A  very  beautiful  shell,  found  in  the  refuse  of  Professor  Adams's  Panam 
collection,  is  probably  of  this  species,  though  the  sutural  cancellations  are  close 
It  has  one  more  whorl  •  vertex  Cheuiiutzoid,  of  three  Helicoid  whorls,  scarcely 
projecting ;  apex  hidden 

050.  From  perfect  Cape  St.  Lucas  specimens,  add  the  following  to  diagnosis 
— "  epiihrmide  fimbriafa,  liridas  ap/raics  ehganfer  dccussante." 

Page  312.  Add  to  the  diagnoses  of  opereula  of  Vcriiiefida- — 

"{h.)  Operculum,  corneum,  infus  convcxum,  nifidtan,  ttmhoiie  magno  exta-nte 
mcfns  concavum,  paucis^  irak,  lamina  extanfe  sitfuras  dcfinitnfc      Diam.  •045." 
Tablet  2.")37  contains  the  only  specimen  found,  rcsemblin;j  Siphonium,  froa 
the  »S/io'rtrfy/«s-wasliings. 

Tablet  447  is  Liocardium  apicinvm,  which  sliould  stand  as  species  709. 

Pai:e  314.  note  *  {ef  fcq.),  for  "  Injlafulum"  read  "  Miuccrat," 

td^ti  oD'.l,  line  lS>,/or  "regular"'  read  '"irregular." 

261 


H. 


DESCRIPTIONS 


OP 


New  Species  and  Varieties  of  Chitonid.e  and  Acm-Eid.^, 


FBOJI 


The  Panama  Cullectidx  of  the  late  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams. 


BY 

rnrLip  p.  carpenter,  b.a.,  Fh.  d. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  tlie  Zix'.lou'iral  Society  of  London,  pp.  '27i-277, 

March  14,  18(35. 


(    2(]3   ) 


Descriptions  nr  vew  jspeciks  and  Varieties  op  Chitonid^b 

AND    ACM.EID.E,    FROM    TUE    pANAMA    COLLECTION    OF    THE 

LATE  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams.    By  Philip  P.  Carpenter,  B.A., 
Ph.D. 

Lepidopleurijs  adamsii. 

L.  t.  "  L.  dispari"  simili ;  pallide  rufo-fusca,  colore  infensinre 
irregulariter  strigata  sen  macnJatu ;  scepius  maculis  alhidis 
reyione  diagonali  ornata  ;  jtigo  vix  acuto ;  arris  centralibus 
et  valvis  terminaliljus  conxpicne  granulosis ;  areis  laterrr/ifjiis 
irregulariter  verrucosis,  verrucis  plerumque  lohatis ;  mucrone 
antico,  vix  conspicuo  :  infus,  valvis  centralibus  uni-,  termina- 
libus  viii.— x.-^«5/.<f ;  subgrundis  parvis,  dentibus  acvtis  ;  sutu- 
ris  mediants  pnsfice  rectis,  nntire  laminas  haud  attingenliius, 
sinu  planato,  latissimo  :   limbo  pallii  imbricatim  squamosa. 

Long.  -6,  lat.  -3  poll.  ;  div.  110°. 

Variat  verrucis  tninus  expressis,  simplicioribus. 

=  Chiton  dispar,  C.  B.  Ad.  no.  .'^"3,  par. 

=  Lop/igrus  adamsii,  P.  Z.  S.,  18(i3,  p.  24. 

Unfortunately  for  those  who  do  not  like  to  remove  the  non-tes- 
taceous portion  from  their  Chitons,  as  they  do  from  their  other  shells, 
the  mantle-margin  by  no  means  affords  a  safe  clue  to  the  structure 
of  the  valves.     Among  the  species  of  the  genus  Ischnochilun,  Gray, 

265 


275  DR.   p.   p.   CAnPKNTER  ON  NEW  SPECIKS 

{  —  J.ppidojtlt'iiiun,  Add.,)  known  by  the  sharp  intisor-tccth  Iviiig 
within  a  jimji ctins;  hp,  tlure  are  three  typrs  of  niiinth-inarj;in, 
which  may  lie  conveniently  separated  as  suhj;enera,  to  aid  in  the 
diltieult  ta>k  of  de>erihin;r  and  iiientilyinj;  species.  Tlie  typical 
forms,  forwliich  tlie  wnmv  I«vlinovhit on  shoidd  he  retained,  have  the 
scales  somewhat  chaffy,  and  \ery  finely  striated.  /.  iiuir/ilalensia 
and  I.sdtiijdiiicus  well  represent  the  group.  But  another  series  have 
the  mantle-scales  imbricate  and  strong,  as  in  Chiton,  Gray,  {  =  Lo- 
j)hijrt(!>.  Add.,)  from  which  tiiey  cannot  be  distinguished  without 
ilissection.  For  this  Messrs.  Adams's  name  Li'jii(/ojj/ti>rus  may  be 
retained  in  a  restricted  sense.  It  is  uncertain  what  ISisso's  oriyrinal 
genus  was  meant  to  include :  his  diagnosis  apjilies  to  all  Chitons 
with  distinct  side-areas  and  scaly  margins. 

A  third  group,  separated  by  Dr.  Uiay  in  his  'Guide,'  p.  1S2,  aa 
having  the  "  mantle-scales  minute,  granular,"  has  been  named  Tra- 
chiidernion  :  it  abounds  in  the  Californian  region. 

The  sfiecimens  of  L.  ailamsii  were  found  among  the  duplicates 
named  (  hiton  dispar  by  the  I'rofessor  ;  one  was  attached  to  Dincina 
citminyii, 

Lepidoplevrus  tenuisculptus. 

L.  t.  "  L.  .idamsii  "  siini/i ;  oUcacea,  colore  pallitio  seu  intensior? 

minute  variefjata  ;    tota  siiperfiric    mirnite  granulosa ;    arna 

later(ilibi(s  ci.c  dejinitis ;  siituris  jtlerinnqiie  iilhidu  nidculafis; 

mucrfiie  antico,  satis  cotisjiicuo,  parte  puslica  cuncaca  :   intus, 

%d  in  "  L.  in]nmsl\"  foniKita. 
Vaiiat :    '.  palliilore,  ad  juyuni  rvfo-tincta. 
=  Chitoii  ilispar,  C.  B.  Ad.  no.  373,  pars. 

The  outside  of  this  shell  so  much  resembles  the  young  of  Chifor, 
(Lop/ii/rus)  sto/iesii,  that  specimc.io  may  hav-.  been  distributed  undti 
that  name.    Very  few  individuals  were  foui.d. 

IscHNOCHiTON  ELENENSis  (diagn.  aucc). 

£xtus  areis  centralihus  cinthris  parallel  is  circ.  xx.  decvssatis , 
ar.  lat.  costis  ii.,  validmrihits,  tiimidis,  tuherridosis :  intus 
mar^iniljus  suturalihus  ponlicis  rejiexis,  tuberculatis,  sinu  ad 
juyvm  parvo ;  luminis  inserlionis  unijissis,  ad  laminas  sutu- 
rales  an/ires Jnnctis,  sinu  latissinto.  Vulva  antica  ewtus  costis 
xii.,  kaud  rulidis  ;  inius  Jissuris  x.,  deutiius  acufis,  subyrvnda 
parvu.  T'ali'a  postica  mucrone  subpostico,  depresso ;  parte 
2)ostitd  ejpansa,  concava,  costis  circ.  xi.  subobsoletis ;  intus 
lamina  insertiouis  circ.  \\.-Jissa,  dentibus  curtis,  subyrunda 
parva,  intus  callosa. 

The  central  valves  in  this  species  are  normal ;  but  the  posterior 
valve  offers  a  transition  towards  Callochiton,  the  outside  being  con- 
cave posteriorly,  the  insertion-teeth  short  and  the  eaves  callous. 

ISCHNOCHITON  (?  Vaf.)   EXPRESSUS. 

I.  t.  "I.  elenensi"  simili,  sed  carnea  ;  areis  centr.  cJuthris  x., 

266 


AND  VARIETIKS  OF  CHlTOMD«  AND  ACM.EID.*:.  276 

d'txtnritlhiix,  rrehrc  fJfirvsxntin,  jugo  acuto ;  tir.  lot.  conff^  V\., 
V(i/if/ixi(i>i)is,    oinjustin,    tufierciilia  aiif/uxtia  :   intiis  tnarjjiiiifjva 
suturalifjiig  jt'is/irls  pfatinti.t,  hand  tnfjcrcufo/iis,  hand  i<iniiofi.s; 
lam.  insert,  vt  iinien,  nitiit  nngusto,  atl  juyum  aiiyiilato.     Valra 
antica  cosfis  x.,  riiH<lis,  U'lf/iinHs :   intus  ut  otitea,  sfd  fissvrig 
viii.      J  (ilea  jioslica  Mitcruuc  puslico,  jilininfo;  jiarff  jumticu 
e.rj)aiisa,    huud   roncaca,  rostis  circ.   vii.    valiJissimis :    intus 
hiiiiina  circ.  \\\.-p\'<,s<t,  subjirmnln ptunatn. 
With  a  strung  •ii-iu  ral  reseiiil)lancc  to  I,  efcnensis,  the  differences 
in  detail  in  the  only  two  specimens  examined,  as  above  stated,  ap- 
pear ot"  specific  iinporlance.     If  only  varietal,  it  is  ecpially  im[»ortant 
to  notice  how  nincli  ciiaiiije  is  tolerated  by  the  liabits  of  the  animal. 
It  may  be  the  shell  called  Chiton  cluthratus  by  Prof.  Adams,  of  wliich 
there  were  no  duplicates  to  compare.     It  otters  a  still  more  marked 
transition  to  Callochiton,  the  margin  of  the  posterior  valve   being 
somewhat  pectinated  by  the  great  projection  of  the  ribs. 

"Callochiton"  pilchellus:  diagn.  auct. 

Extus  areis   centr.  linris  interdnm  parullelis,   infordinn  rttdinn' 

tihus,  ruynse  ^crohiridatis ;  ar.  hit.  cosiis  ii.,  vuliiliiisimis,  im- 

bricato-u(n/o«is :    ra/ca  antica    costis    siniiliius   circ.   ix.  ;    r. 

post,  area  ccntrali  lata ;  mucrone  suhposfico,  phtnato ;  parte 

postica  costis  \u.  siniililjus,  niediunis  curtissiitiis,   eucuriatis  : 

palfio  sqiianndis  mimitis  imbricatis.     Intus  v.  ant.  subyrunda 

(lit  in  Ischiiochitonej  nnniila,  scd  a  costis  pvctinritu  ;  dentibus 

acutis,  intus  linen  undulata  secundum  castas  instructa,  extus 

concavis,  parte  convexa  costnrum  incisis :  v.  medianis  similiter 

pectinatis,   lannnis  secundum  castas  diar/.   uniscissis  :   laminis 

sufurahbus  medio  continuis,   lute  sinnatis;   suturis  posticis  a 

sculptura  externa  yranulatis :  v.  post.  \\\.-Iobata,  maryinibus 

pfanatis,  laminis  dense  compressis  incrassatis ;  dentibus  obtu- 

sissimis,   appressis,    ham/   cctantibus,   subobsoletis,   extrorsum 

planutis,  ut  in  i\  ant.  Jissis ;   interdum  Jissuris  quoque  in  par- 

tibus  concaris. 

As  I  have  seen  no  published  diagnosis  of  the  very  peculiar  type  of 

insertion-plates  ol)served  in  this  species,  which  has  hitherto  been  too 

rare  to  allow  working  naturalists  an  opportunity  of  dissection,  I  have 

given  a  minute  description.     The  plates  of  insertion,  as  well  as  the 

exterior  eaves,  are  scalloped  by  the  strong  ribs,  and  alternate  with 

them.     In  the  posterior  valve  the  eaves  are  flattened   outwards,  in 

closely  appressed   layers,    the    blunt,   ill-developed    insertion-teeth 

lying  flat  upon  them.     The  valves  easily  separate  from  the  mantle, 

when  immersed  in  water.     Outside,  the  species  is  easily  recognized 

by  the  two  strong  ribs  of  the  diagonal  areas,  the  central  pitted  in 

somewhat  branching  rows,  and  the  ribs  on  the  curiously  flattened 

posterior  valve  resembling  a  clenched  fist. 

ACM.BA  (?  FLOCCATA,  var.)    FILOSA. 

A.  t.  "A.  mesoleucae  "/wwia  et  indole  simili ;  sed  sculptura  midto 

267 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  CHITONTD.E   AND  ACMjEIO.E. 

tenuiore ;  t.  jnn.  Ifcri ;  dein  lirulis  deUcatitlis,  aciitis,  hand 
grnnulosts,  valde  distantihus,  interdum  obsolctis,  fdosa  ;  tnter- 
stitiis  I  at  is,  [<tvibns  ;  teniii,  plnnatu,  ovali,subdi(  phana  ;  mtjro- 
f II SCO,  cornet  radiatim  sfrii/afn,  sen  vurie  macidata  :  intus 
Vu'ida  sen  alLida,  coloribus  externis  transcnntihus  ;  limbo  Into, 
acuto. 
Long.  •/,  lat.  '.56,  alt.  '12. 

=  Loftia  1  patina,  C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  367. 
JIab.  Panama  (C.  B.  Adams). 

There  is  no  described  west-tropical  species  to  which  these  shells 
can  be  affiliated,  unless  thev  prove  to  be  a  vcrv  doUcate  variety  of 
A.  floccata,  live.  Unfortunately  the  Panama  limpets  have  never 
been  collected  in  sufficient  numbers  to  make  out  their  specific  limits 
satisfactorily.  The  names  here  given  may  stand  as  species  or  va- 
rieties, according  to  future  elucidation.  In  shape  and  texture,  but 
not  in  colour  or  sculpture,  these  shells  resemble  A.  fascicular  is ;  in 
the  latter  respects, ./.  strigatclla.  They  were  named  "  tenera.  Ad." 
by  Dr.  Dolirn,  but  are  sufficiently  distinct  from  that  West-Indian 
species. 

ACM.EA  (?  FLOCCATA,  var.)  SUBROTUNDATA. 

A.  t.  "A.  var.  filosse"  simili,  sed  suhrotundata,  magis  elerata, 
vertice  subcentrali ;  colore  intonsiore,  lineis  cornels  crebrioribus, 
anrpisfis  ;  t.  jun.  stepe  pallidiore,  radiis  diiobhs  postice  triuU' 
gnlata  :  intus  callo  livido,  tenuiore. 

Long.  '03,  lat.  '45,  alt.  "I.t. 

=  Lottia,  sp.  ind.  a,  C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  SheIU.no.  3bS. 

Uab.  Panama  (O.  B.  Adamnj. 

ACM.EA  (?  var.)  VERNICOSA. 

A.  t.  parva,  subrotvndafa,  depresso-conica,  apice  ad  diias  quintas 
partes  siio ;  albido-viridi,  strigis  panels  rufo-fuseis  hie  et  illic 
ornata,   srepius  radiis  duobns  candidis,  postice   triangnlata  ; 
extus  lineis  acntis  rudianfibns,  valde  distantibns,  scepe  obsoletis 
vix  sculpta  :  intus  licida,  callosa,  stepius  spathula  Candida  or- 
nata ;  busi  snbplanata,  Umbo  anguslo. 
Long.  -3,  lat.  '24,  alt.  -1. 
Ilab.  Panama  {Jewett,  C.  B.  Adams). 
=  Lf*tia,  sp.  ind.  b,  C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  3G9. 
Had  this  form  been  brought  from  the  China  Seas,  it  might  have 
been  taken  for  tlie  vouna;  of  A.  biradiata,  Rve.     Prom  it?  solidity, 
however,  its  rough  exterior,  and  its  callous  interior,  it  appears  to 
be  adult.     It  is  barely  possible  that  it  may  develope  into  A.  vesper- 
tina.     It  differs  from  the  young  of  A.  subrotundata  in  being  much 
thicker  and  less  spotted  with  the  green  tiut. 

268 


I. 


DIAGNOSES 


OF 


NEW  SPECIES   OF    MOLLUSKS, 


FROM 


THE  WEST  TROnCAL  REGION  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 

PRINCIPALLY  COLLECTED  BY  THE  REV,  J.  ROW  ELL,  OF  SAN  FRANCISCO 

BY 

rillLIP  p.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  Vn.  D. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  Loiulon,  pj).  273-282, 

March  14,  1865. 

(  269  ) 


DlACNOSKS    OF    NKW  SpECIFS   OF   MoLLT'SKS,   FROM    THE  WfSI 

Tropical  Rkc;ion  of  Nokth  Amkkica,  i'kincii'ai.ly  col 
lf.c:ted  by  the  Rev.  J.  Kowei.l,  of  San  Fkancisco.  Bt 
Philip  P.  Carpenter,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 

Of  tlie  new  species  quoted  in  the  "  Supplementary  Reporc  on  thf 
Present  State  of  our  Knowledge  of  the  Mollusea  of  the  We^t  Coa.-« 
of  North  America,"  puhlished  in  the  Transactions  of  the  British  As 
so;'iation,  1S63,  pp.  olz-nsfi,  the  principal  portion  (namely,  thos« 
dredijed  by  Dr.  J.  6.  Cooper,  Zoologist  to  the  CaHfornian  State 
Geological  Surrey)  are  descrilied  in  tlie  '  Proceedings  of  the  California 
Aead.  Nat.  Science?,'  for  lSG4-(i.");  those  dredged  in  Pnget  Sound, 
during  the  U.  S.  North  Pacific  Boundary  Survey,  by  the  late  Dr. 
Kennerley,  are  described  in  the  'Journal  of  the  lMiilad(l|>liia  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc'  for  the  t)resent  year.  The  species  obtained  i)y  the  natu- 
ralists of  the  British  Survey  are  described  in  three  jiapers  by  Dr. 
Baird  and  myself,  P.  Z.  S.  lS(i,3-()r).  The  new  species  sent  by 
Mr.  J.  Xantus  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  and  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Swan  from 
Neeah  Bay,  appear  in  the  'Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,'  1804-65.  In 
the  same  Journal  are  described  the  new  species  which  I  found  in 
Col.  Jewett's  collection.  Those  sent  to  Dr.  Gould  from  the  same  col- 
lection had  been  previously  analyzed  in  the  '  Proc.  Zool.  Soc'  18r)6. 
Tlie  above  are  the  princijial  sources  of  fresh  knowledge;  but  a  nund)er 
of  species  from  the  C'alifornian  province,  which  do  not  range  undc;* 
any  of  these  heads,  will  be  found  in  the  'Journal  de  Conchy liologie' 
for  the  current  year. 

In  separate  papers  communicated  to  the  Zoological  Society  are  the 
diagnoses  of  additional  species  from  Prof.  Adams's  Panama  and  from 
M.  Reigen's  Mazatlan  collections.  The  remaining  species,  from  the 
tropical  province,  are  embodied  in  the  present  pajjcr.  The  types 
(unless  otherwise  stated)  are  iu  the  Museum  of  the  Sniilhsoniau 
Institution. 

(Tellina)  Angulus  decumbens. 

A.  t.  teniii,  s}if)pln)uita,  uiha  seu  rosacea;  JfPvi,  striolis  inere- 
meiifi  niS'-tilptd  ;  epiilermide  jxiUide  sfrawl/iea  uu/iita  ;  aiitice 
et  reittraliter  rahle  producta ;  postice  truncata,  anyulata ; 
vndjonifnis  aculiitriljus,  vix  promiiientilus ;  Diarginiiiis  dorsn- 
lif/Hs  postico  recto,  antico  nd  unguium  parinn  excurvato,  antico 
et  ventrali  valde  et  reyulariter  excurvatis  ;  parte  postica  v. 
dexfr.  subito  angulatu,  r.  sinistr.  parum  sinuata  ;  nyitiphis  an- 
(fvsfis,  elotiyuLis,  cartilayine  omnino  externa  :  dent.  card,  m* 
nimis ;  dent.  lot.  v.  dextr.  antico  satis  conspicuo,  postico  oLso- 
leto;  V.  sinistr.  nullis  ;  cicatr.  adduct.  j^osticis  su/jr/ioinboideis, 
auticis  valde  elongatis,  anyustis ;  sinu  pallii  maximo,  sul/tri- 
anyulari,  usque  ad  ctcatricem  alteram  utraque  valva  porrecta. 

Long,  r",  lat.  1-2,  alt.    68  poll. 

Jlah.   Panama  (teste  Howell,  Pease). 

This   shell   was   atliliated   bv  Mr.   Ilanley  to  the  W.  African  T. 

'  271 


~T9  DR.   p.   p.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

ni/mpkoUx,  l)nt  tliffers  in  the  internal  scars.  Externally  it  resem- 
T.  domheiji.  Lam.  (=  Scrobiculaiia  prodiicta,  C\\t.  1*.  Z.  S.  18.^."), 
jt.  -30),  l)iit  is  easily  recognized  by  the  strictly  Tellinoid  li<;aineMt 
and  anterior  lateral  tooth,  by  the  posterior  portion  being  pinelied 
instead  of  waved,  and  by  the  jnnction  of  the  pallial  sinus  with  the 
opposite  scar.  By  the  same  characters  it  is  distinguished  from  T, 
tersa,  Gld.,  which  closely  resemljles  i?.  doinheiji,  var.,  in  Mas.  Cnm. 
Like  many  other  Tellens,  it  has  a  white  and  a  j)ink  variety.  The 
name  was  printed  by  an  oversight  in  Brit.  Assoc.  Uep.  ISti.l,  p.  G(i9, 
as  A.  amplfctans ;  but  as  it  was  unaccompanied  by  a  diagnosis,  and 
does  not  describe  the  shell,  no  confusion  will  arise  from  reverting 
to  the  name  first  given. 

LUCINA  UNDATA. 

L.  t.  coni'fiia,  tenuiore,  alhnla;  tota  superjicie  lirulis  concentrieis 
crfierriijiis,  compressis,  hand  wjutis  oriuita,  iiiter.stitns  mini- 
mis ;  pdrte  ventrnJi  costis  rudiuntibus  iii,,  obtusis,  talis,  vnli- 
dissimis,  interstitiis  parvis  ;  lunula  maxima,  a  sulco  bene  deji- 
nita,  sub  umbnnibus  incurvatis  fossa  alia  minuta  indentntu ; 
parte  pustica  alata  ;  maryiae  a  costis  vulde  ttiidato,  minute 
cremdato  ;  liyamento  quasi  interno  :  intus  dent.  card,  parcis, 
a  fossa  lunulari  intortis ;  lat.  curtis,  obtusis;  cicatr.  adduct. 
antica  irreyulari,  postica  suboculi ;  tinea  palliari  props  mur- 
ginem  sita,  undata. 
Long.  -4."),  lat.  -4-4,  alt.  '3. 
Hab.  Gulf  of  California  (teste  Eowell). 

The  outline  somewhat  resembles  Cnjpfodon  ;  but  the  af?pcct 
is  more  that  of  J^erticordia,  while  the  minute  sut)uml)onal  pit 
is  suggestive  of  Opis.  The  shell  is  sexpartite  ;  the  portion  between 
the  anterior  rib  and  the  lunule  resembles  a  fourth  rib,  wliile  the 
projecting  huude  and  the  [)osterior  wing  are  quite  distinct  from  the 
body  of  the  shell.  The  specimen  sent  by  Mr.  llowell  to  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  was  completely  smashed.  The  diagnosis  is  written 
from  a  perfect  shell  sent  by  Dr.  Newcornb  to  Mr.  Cumhig. 

Calliostoma  (?lima,  var.)  ^auiscuLPXA. 

C.  t.  "C.  limse"  simi/i ;   sed  anfr.  planatis,  suturis  havd  dis- 
tiuctis ;  sculptura  regulari ;  jun.  moui/ibus  spiralibus  inter  se 
(cqualibus ;   t.   adulta  mujore  et  tninore  alternantibus ;  colore 
rufesceutp,  granutis  interdum  j-ufo-fusco  tnaculatis. 
Hub.  Acapnlco  {Newberry). 

Dr.  Newberry's  specimens  agree  in  n:  :st  essential  respects  with 
"  Trochus  lima,  Phil.,"  in  C.  V.  Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  276,  which 
apjiears  identical  with  the  shells  marked  '"  Zizipliinus  antonii,  Koch, 
N.  Zealand,"  in  Mus.  Cuming.  The  Acapulcau  shells  are  cpsite 
flat,  while  those  from  Panama  are  for  the  most  part  shouldered  as 
in  C.  eximium,  Kve.  (=  C.  versicolor,  Mke.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  28!J). 
However,  there  is  no  little  variation  among  the  Professor's  s])eei- 
mens  of  C.  lima,  and  some  are  so  slightly  shouldered  that  the  Aca- 
pulcau form  may  be  a  local  variety. 

272 


OF  MOLLUSKS  FROM  WESTERN   NORTH  AMERICA.  280 

Narica  INSCXJLPTA. 

K.  t.  "  N.  apert£E"  simili,  aed  magis  compacta  ;  paullum  angtis- 
tiore,  umbUico  tamen  majore ;  lineis  spiralibus  circ.  w\\.  dia- 
tantibus  insciilptis  cincta,  quaruin  x.  in  unfr.  penult,  nionalraii' 
tur  ;  postice  lineis  incrementi  vix  conspicuis. 
Lonj^.  -3,  long,  spir,  -OH,  lat.  -28;  div.  100°. 
Hab.  Acnpulco,  oii  Ostrea  irideseens,  Rowell. 
The  Cape  St.  Lucas  species  (tvV/e  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  1864,  xiii.  p.  476) 
has  the  sculpture  in  irregularly  raised  lir^lse,  while  this  has  minute 
grooves  chiselled  out  of  a  smooth  surface.     It  appears  that  the  San 
Franciscans  import  the  huge  tropical  oysters  in  large  quantities, 
their  own  sj)ecies  having  the  coppery  flavour  which  Americans  dis- 
like in   the  British  species.     From  the  outside  of  tlie  valves,  ^Ir. 
Kowell  obtained  this  and  many  other  interesting  species. 

Drillia  EBURNEA. 

D.  t.  tvrrita,  carneo-albida,  temdore,  Itevi,  inaximenitente;  mar- 
ginibus  spirce  rectis ;  anfr.  niicl.1  .  .  .  [decol/atis]  ;  norm, 
circ.  ix.,  postice  planatis,  supra  suturaa  appressis,  medio  satis 
excurvatis ;  hie  et  illic  ruyis  radiantibus,  vbsoletis,  irreyula- 
rihns  exaculpta ;  basi  prolongata,  canali  conspicuo,  aperto ; 
ainu  postico  minore,  in  aulco  lata,  hand  definito,  spirant  aac^n- 
dente  aito  ;  la bro  acuta  ;  labia  indistinct o  ;  culumelta  planata. 

Long.  r3,  long.  spir.  '8,  lat.  •4.5;  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Near  Gulf  of  California  (teste  Rowell). 

Easily  recognized  by  its  smooth  glossy  as{)ect  and  French-white 
colour ;  the  notch  lying  along  a  broad  s|)iral  channel,  which  throws 
the  junction  of  the  whorl  as  it  were  up  the  suture. 

Mangelia  albolaqueata. 

]M.  t.  solida,  turrita,  alba,  rudi,  marginibits  spirce  rectis ;  anfr. 
7iucl.?  .  .  .  [decollatis^  ;  norm.  circ.  ix.  subrotundatis,  costis 
circ.  xi.-xv.,  declivibus,  satis  angustis,  postice  obsoletis,  lineis 
subregularibus  spiram  ascendentibus  ;  lirulis  spiralibus  anticis 
crebris,  postice  obsoletis ;  basi  elongata ;  labrol  .  .  .  ;  labio 
".altoso  ;  sinu  postico  majore,  suturam  attingente. 
Long.  -88,  long.  spir.  -hh,  lat.  -34;  div.  30°. 
Hab.  Panama  (teste  Rowell). 

Described  from  an  imperfect  and  worn  specimen,  but  easily  recog- 
nized by  its  ivory-white  colour,  and  ribs  in  slantmg  rows,  as  though 
the  creature  were  roofed  with  white  tiles.  It  was  erroneously  quoted 
in  the  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  1863,  p.  66!),  as  a  Brillia. 

EULIMA  FALCATA. 

E.  t.  valde  tereti,  valde  cvrvata,  alba,  politissima,  soHdiore, 
tnarginibus  spirts  meniscoideis ;  anfr.  nvcl.1  .  .  .  [detrilis^  ; 
norm.  circ.  x.,  planatis,  lenfe  avgentibvs ;  axi  hamatu ,  snturia 
indistinctis;  basi  elongata,  hand  terrti ;  aperfvrn  jigrijiirmt, 
antice  latiore ;  labroacuto;  labio  tenui,  apjiresso. 

18  273 


281  DR.  V.  V.  CARPKNTF.R  ON  NFW  SPECIES 

Long.  -31,  long.  spir.  -21,  lat.  -09;  div.  12°. 
Ilafj.  Acapiilco,  on  Osfrea  iridescens,  Rowell. 
The  spire  outlines  are  scythe-shaped.    It  is  much  larger  and  men 
solid  than  L.  distort  a  and  (?var.)  yod. 

Cerithiopsis  intercalaris. 

C.  t.  valde  elonyata,  rvfo-fusca,  margtnihus  ipirec  recfis,  stitvru 
impressis ;  anfr.  nitcl.  iii.  4- ?  .  .  .  {deco/fati-^),  radiutim  dis' 
tanter  liratis ;  norm,  x.,  pfanatis ;  costis  radiantihus  primutr 
xii.,  dein  eirc.  x\ii.,  anf/ustis,  hand  extnntihvft,  ad  peripheriair 
continuis,  inferstifiis  qiiadratis  ;  carinis  spiralihus  primum  ii. 
nodufosis,  dein  alferisn.  minorihus  inter  eas  interc(dantibua ; 
carina  postica  suturali  hand  nodidosa,  seciinda  rci/de  nodidosn, 
tertia  interculnnte  cequante  sed  hand  nodosa,  (piarta  antica 
valde  nodosa,  qitinta  circa  peripheriain,  prim(P  et  tertice  simili, 
hand  nodosa,  alferaque  contiyna,  minima,  inter  quas  sutura 
gijrat ;  hasi  concava,  Icevi ;  columella  valde  contorta ;  canali 
hrevi,  aperto ;  ludrol  ...  * 
Mab.  Guacomayo. 

This  heautiful  species  comes  nearest  to  C.  bimnrr/inata,  C.  B.  Ad., 
of  which,  indeed,  the  type  does  not  agree  with  the  diagnosis  so  well 
as  does  this  specimen.  It  differs  in  having  other  spiral  ribs  inter- 
calating between  the  two  princi[)al  ones,  and  in  the  radiating  sculp- 
ture being  continued  to  the  periphery.  One  specimen  only  wai 
found  in  the  shell-washings,  not  perfect  at  the  mouth. 

COLUMBELLA  HUMEROSA. 

(/.  t.  parva,  turrita,  alba,  linea  sen  macnlorum  serie  fitsca  inter- 
dum  spiram  ascendente ;  marginibus  spirce  parum  excurvatis  ; 
anfr.  nucl.1  .  .  .  [detritis^  ;  norm,  vi.,  convexis,  poslice  tumen- 
tibus,  snturis  valde  impressis  ;  costis  radiantibus  \'\\.-\\\\.,  dis- 
fantibus,  validissimis,  rotundatis ;  inferstifiis  late  nndatis ; 
lirulis  validis  siriralibus  exfantibus.  inferstifiis  eas  (Equnntibus, 
coistat  et  harum  interstitin  transeuntibiis ;  bast  angusta ;  labro 
rix  raricoso,  postice  etnarginato,  intiis  solidiore,  dentibus  circ. 
iv.  munitis ;  apertura  late  undata,  compacta. 

Long.  -26,  long.  spir.  '15,  lat.  -13  ;  div.  38°. 

Hab.  Aeapulco,  on  Ostrea  iridescens,  Rowell. 

The  sculpture  resembles  that  of  Rhicocheilus,  and  the  tall  spire  that 
of  Anachis ;  yet  it  appears  to  belong  to  the  restricted  typical  genus. 

MURICIDEA  DUBIA,  Vaf.  SQUAMULATA. 

Variat  t.  omnino  albida  ;  scitfj)fvra  tenviore ;  spira  elecata ;  tola 

snperjicie  minute  squamnlafa,  squamidis  imbricatis. 
Sab.  Cape  St.  Lucas  {Xantvs). 
The  opercula  in  the  beautiful  specimens  sent  by  Mr.  Pease  are 

*  I  forgot  to  measure  the  specimen  before  returning  it  to  the  Smithsonian 
Inst. ;  but  it  is  about  the  size  of  C.  assimilata. 

274 


or  MOLLrSKS  FROM  WESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA.  282 

typically  Muricoid,     The  essential  features  are  those  of  M.  dubin ; 
the  pale  colour  and  delicate  sculpture  and  imbrication  may  a'ise    < 
from  a  deep-water  station,  as   is  seen  in  similar  European  shells. 
Mr.  Cuming,  however,  regards  it  as  distinct. 


K. 


JDIAGNOSES 


or 


NEW  FOiniS  OF  MOLLUSCA, 


FROM 


THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 

FIRST    COLLECTED    BY   COL.    E.   JEWETT. 

BY 

THILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  Ph.D. 


From  the  Annnis  and  ^facrazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series  Vol. 
XV.,  pp.  l-7-lS'2  (No>^.  37.3-:«t;),  March,  1865.  Ibid.,  pp.  394-399 
{Mangelia  varieyatn  to  end),  May,  1865. 


(  277  ) 


DIAGNOSES 
KEW    rOPtMS     Of     MOLLUSCA 

FRDM 

THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMEltlCA, 
FIRST  COLLECTED  BY  Cou  E.  JEWETT. 

BY 

PHILIP  p.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Pii.D. 


An  account  of  Col.  Jewett's  shells  will  be  found  in  the  British 
Association  Reports  for  1856  (pp.  2:-26-231)  and  18G3  (pp.  53t- 
539).  The  exact  localities  are  often  uncertain;  but  many  of 
them  have  been  fixed  by  subsequent  explorers.  Being  generally 
worn  beach-specimens,  the  diagnoses  have  been  written  (vvhere- 
ever  practicable)  from  perfect  sliells,  and  especially  from  the 
beautiful  series  dredged  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Coo])er,  in  the  Californian 
State  Survey.  The  types  belong  to  Mrs.  Boyce,  of  Utica,N.  Y., 
and  are  at  present  in  my  keeping.  The  numbers,  in  the  species 
from  the  temperate  fauna,  refer  to  the  table  in  the  British  Asso- 
ciation Report  for  18G3,  j)p.  636-664. 

37  b.  Sulen  (?  sicarius,  var.)  rosaceus. 

S.  testa  5.  sicario  sirnili,  sed  niiuore ;  multo  angustiore,  eloiigata, 
recta,  extus  et  iiitus  rosacea ;  epidermide  teiiui,  valde  niteiue. 
Long.  '27,  lat.  •.),  alt.  -32  poll. 

Hub.  Sta.  Barbara  [Jeioetf) ;  S.  Pedro  [Cuoper). 

74.  Subgenus  Amiantis*. 
Callista  :  dente  postico  utraque  valva  ruguloso. 
Type  :  Amiantis  callosa,  =  Cijtherea  calhsa,  Conr.,  =  Dosrnia 

*  Til.  ufiiainos,  6  Kai  tj,  unpolluted. 

279 


2  Dr.  P.  P.  Carppntpr  on  new  Forms  of  Molhiaca 

cnllnsn,  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  1857  (from  fragments) :  non  Venus  cnl- 
losa  (as  of  Conr.),  Sow.,  live.,  Desh. 

Hab,  Sta.  Barbara  [Xuttull,  Jeivett)  ;  S.  Pedro  (Cooper) ;  Cape 
St.  Lucas  {Xtintus!). 

This  section  ditftrs  from  the  typical  CnUist(e  as  docs  Merce- 
naria  from  ['pniia.  Whether  the  other  pecidiarities  of  th»>  spe- 
cies (redfscrilx'd  by  llei've  as  CiUherea  tiohi/is)  are  co{M(hiiate, 
cannot  yet  be  stated,  as  it  stands  alone.  In  sculpture  and  colour 
it  resembles  Dusiiiui ;  in  its  ponderous  growth,  Pnchijdesina. 

1 10.   Lnzaria  suhqiiadrafa. 

L.  testa  exfn«  Carditte  varieyrita  \\\n.  sirnili ;  pallicl ',  ra'stanon  tinrta; 
sub(piadrata,  antice  tiuiicata,  subregiilariter  veiitricosa,  dorsaliter 
tumula  ;  cojtis  ra(Iiaiitil)U'i  circ.  xiv.-x\i.,  tumidis,  nodo"-!.*,  dia- 
goiialibus  inajoiibus ;  iiitL'r>titiis  j)his  nunusve  iiisculptis  :  iiitu*, 
valva  dextra  dente  cardinali  triaiigulari,  inter  duas  foj^sas  sito,  hand 
eloiigato  ;  dent.  lat.  acardiiie  separatis,  ant.  extante,  post,  oljsoleto, 
calloso  :  v.  sinistrali  dent.  card.  ii.  angustis,  subicfpialibus,  radi- 
antibus  ;  lat.  ant.  et  post,  extaiitibus :  cicatr.  adduct.  subrotuu- 
datis.      Long.  ".S",  lat.  •'2.'),  alt.  '34. 

Hul).  Sta.  Barbara  (Jcircft)  ;  Monterey,  and  along  the  coast  to 
S.  Pedro  (State  Coll.  no.  -103}  [Cuojjer).' 

The  outside  of  this  remarkable  little  species  is  typically  Car- 
ditoid;  the  hinge  is  intermediate  betweeu  Lazaria  and  Cijpri- 
cardia. 

1 3.2 .  Modiola  forracata. 

M.  testa  curta,  laevi,  latiore,  maxime  fornicata;  pallide  cnrnoa,  en?- 
dermide  rufo-fusca,  rusis  increnienti  et  iiicru-tatione  deiisissime 
pilosa  induta;  umbonibus  niaxitnis,  spiralibus,  antice  torsis,  per 
tres  quadraiites  totte  latitudiiiis  dcvectis  ;  area  ligaineiitali  curtis- 
sinia,  arcuata;  margine  dorsali  antice  nullo,  pnstice  longo,  arciiatn; 
margine  ventrali  recto,  vix  propter  bys>utn  hiante  ;  politico  Into, 
antico  ansu-ito ;  altitudine  dorsaliter  valde  eltvata,  vcntraliter 
plane  deeli\  i,  cunciforini ;  utnbonibus  trans  margiiieiii  anticuin  per 
eextantein  totius  longitudiiiis  excurrentibus  :  inlus,  sub  umbonilius 
excavata  ;  cicatr.  adduct.  ant.  ventraliter  sita.  Long.  \'A,  lat.  •7t), 
alt.  -95. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  [Jewett) ;  Monterey  ( Taylor). 

100.  Pecten  (?var.)  (Pquisulcatus. 

i*.  testa  P.  rentricoso  siinili,  sed  tenuiore,  minus  ventricosa  ;  costig 
pmribus  nngustioribus  xx.-xxi.  ;  interstitiis  (pra^cipue  valva  su- 
periore)  fere  eequalibus  ;  auriculis  niagis  pro(luctis,  acutis;  sinv 
serrate:  testa juiL  iuterstiliis  alte  iusculptis,  lixuiinis  cciiceutrkii 

280 


from  the  IVest  Coast  of  Xort/i  Ainrrica.  3 

crcT)ris,  vix  extantibus,  iiiterstitia,  costas  auriculasque  transcunti- 
bus.      L.<ng.  3"2,  lat.  33.i,  alt.  1*5. 

Hah.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewett);  S.  Diego  [Cassidy,  Newberrij, 
Cuii/jer). 

IiitL'nnetliate  between  the  tropical  P.  veniricosus  and  the 
Atlantic  P.  irradions. 

IGl.  I'-ecten  favricostatus. 

P.  tcs^a  Hnbconvpxr ,  vix  pcquilni-erali ;  ca«Mneo  sen  rnbirlo  seu  elcc- 
trir'j  jii.tA;  ("ostis  xi.-xv.,  talidis,  angustis,  rotundatis ;  inter- 
stir. is  ninlto  latioribiis,  8ut)[iianHtis ;  tota  superficie  miimtissime 
conceMtrice  striata  ;  auriculis  latis,  hand  ttcjualibius  linilis  circ.  vi. 
oniatis ;  siiiu  paucidciitato :  iiitus  j)allidiore,  linea  cardinis  cos- 
tata,  ad  sutiiras  auricularnm  tuberculosa  ;  fossa  ligamentali  curta, 
transversim  lata.     Long.  1*7,  lat.  1"84,  alt.  '56. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewett))  Sta.  Barbara  Island  {Cooper). 

Pecten  {?  var.)  squarrosus.     (Page  536.) 

P.  testa  orbiculari,EC(|nilaterali,  rubida,  albido  macr.lata  ;  valva  dextra 
convexa  ;  costis  xviii.,  8e(}ualibiis,  testa  jun.  a[)proxii  uti',  testa 
adulta  iiiterstitiis  ivqualiuus  ;  costis  et  interstitiis  regulariter  iin- 
datis,  striis  crebiis  »(|uamosis  r.-.diHntibus  ubioue  ornata ;  auriculis 
magnis,  latissimis,  suljHequalibus  :  aiitica  aoguste  fissata,  serrat<<, 
postica  sinuata;  auriculis  auibaijus  et  regioue  contigua  scabrose 
ftiiatis :  intus  alba,  linea  cardinaii  alte  sulcata.  Long.  1"8a, 
lat.  1-79,  alt.  "9. 

Hab.  "  Sta.  Barbara,"  teste  Jeicett. 

r.csenibles  a  shell  in  ]\Ius.  Cuming.,  marked  " exasperatus, 
var.,"  but  does  not  agree  with  the  diagnosis  of  that  species. 
All  Col.  Jewett's  valves  were  dextral.  The  locality  needs  con- 
tirniation. 

183.    Vulvula  cylindrica. 

V.  testa  cyliudracea,  allta,  nitente,  striis  spiralibus  distantibus  cincta  ; 
medio  plauato,  niaririuibus  fere  }»arallilis ;  autice  satis  eft'usa, 
postice  hubito  angustata  ;  canali  brevissiino ;  \a\no  acuto  ;  labio 
indistiucto  ;  plica  coluuiellari  parva,  valde  declivi.  Long,  "l/, 
lat.  07. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewett). 

2G5.  PhasiancUa  {?  compter,  var.)  pundulata. 

P.  testa  P.  comptfP  simili,  sed  elati&re;  suturis  impressis  ;  aiifractibus 
tunitntibus;  omnino  minutissime  fusco  punctata;  columella  lacii- 
patp.     Long.  -24,  long.  spir.  'IJ,  lat.  '14,  div.  50°. 

Hab.  S.  Diego  [Jewett). 

281 


4  Dr.  P.  V.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca 

205  h.  Phasianella  (?  conijita,  var.)  pvlfoides. 

P.  testa  P.  y>«//o  siinilliiiia;  solida,  compacta,  s|)ira  hreviore ;  sufuris 
distiiicti^.     Long.  '2,  lon;^.  spir.  •!,  lat.  •13,  div.  5.">^. 

Hah.  Sta.  Barbara  \Jeu-ett) ;  Monterey,  20  fathoms  (State 
Coll.  no.  353).  Smaller  var.,  8-10  fathoms,  Calaliua  Island 
[Cooper). 

2G5  c.  Phasianella  (?  compta,  var.)  elatior. 

P.  testa  perparva  ;  spira  elongata,  iit  in  P.  piillo  picta  ;  anfiactibns 
snbplaiiatis ;  suturis  baud  impressis ;  columella  hand  lacuiiata. 
Long,  'la,  long.  spir.  -12,  lat.  '11,  div.  40°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  [Jewel t). 

P.  compta,  with  a  larire  proportion  of  the  small  shells  of  the 
^eniis,  is  included  under  P.  pidlus  in  Mr.  Reeve's  monoirraph. 
In  so  difficult  a  tribe,  it  is  judged  better  to  name  the  di>tnict 
forms,  and  those  from  separated  localities,  until  more  is  knosvu. 

270.   Trochiscus  convexus. 

T.  testa  parva,  subelevata,  purpureo-fusca,  temiiter  sculpta;  anfr.  nucl. 
?  siiiistralibus,  vertiue  quasi  deeollato  ;  norm,  iv.,  eonvexis,  suturis 
impressis ;  obtusissime  bicarinatis,  striolis  confertissiinis,  minimis, 
subobsoletis  cinctis  ;  umbilico  uiajore,  costis  duabus  cincto,  quarum 
interior  acuta,  exterior  rotuudata,  crenata ;  apertura  circulari. 
Long.  •!.'),  long.  spir.  •0(i,  lat.  'iii,  div.  yu^. 

Hab.   Monterey  [Jewell). 

The  nuclear  whorls  in  this  unique  little  shell  and  in  the  typi- 
cal species  a))pear  suiistral,  as  in  Phoridse  and  Solariad;e.  The 
operculum  also  resembles  that  of  Solarium  rather  than  of  Tro- 
clius.  The  genus  nuiy  prove  to  belong  to  the  Proboscidifers, 
notwithstanding  its  nacreous  texture. 


'O 


317.   Hipponi/x  lumens. 

n.  testa  normaliter  fornicata,  rotuudata,  albida ;  epidermide  mgnlosn, 
iuierstitiis  pilulosa  ;  vertice  nucleoso  nautiloideo,  l?evi,  paiuni  tu- 
meute,  apice  celato,  iiUerdum  persisteute ;  deiu  rapidissime  au- 
gente,  expansa,  uudique  regulariter  areuata ;  liris  acutis,  subele- 
vatis,  distantibus,  spiralibus,  aliis  iutercalautibus ;  liueis  iucre- 
nienti  minoribus  decussautibus ;  margine  ncuto ;  apertura  j»le- 
rumque  rotuudata  :  cicatrice  uuisculari  a  margiue  parum  reniota, 
regione  capitis  valde  interrupta.    Long.  •",  lat.  "46,  alt."oi5,  div.'JU°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  [Jewell);  S.  Pedro  [Cooper). 

=  "  H.  Uubrufa"-i-"  Cupuius,  213,"  Brit.  Assoc.  Hep.  :857, 

P-^^"-  282  • 


from  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  5 

329  b.  Bittium  (?  var.)  esuriens. 

P.  testa  B.  fiJoso  siinili,  sed  multo  minore,  graciliore,  interdiim  vald 
atteimata  ;  sciilptiira  testse  jim.  ut  in  D.Jiluso,  testae  adultse  sub 
obsoleta;  interstitiis  hand  iiisculptis.  Long.  '3,  long.  spir.  "21 
lat.  -11,  div.  25°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  [Jeivctt) ;  Neeah  Bay  {Swan)  ;  Monterey 
{Cooper). 

334.  Bittium  fastigiatum. 

B.  testa  j)arva,  gracili,  pallide  rntb-cinerea,  marginibus  spirae  vix 
excurvatis  ;  anf'r.  nncl.  iii.,  Isevibus,  tnmiilis,  apice  acute;  norm,  ix., 
planatis,  suturi  ^  alte  inipressis ;  ant'r.  primis  iii.  carinatis,  postea 
costis  radiantibus  circ.  xiii.,  obtusis,  satis  extantibus,  ad  suturas 
interruptis,  interstitiis  uiidatis,  liris  sj)iralibus  iv.  iu  s|)ira  se  nion- 
strantibus,  costas  undatini  superantibus,  quarum  antica  iu  testa 
juu.  plerumque  extat;  aut'r.  ultimo  i)arum  coutracto,  basi  elongata, 
liris  spiralibus  vi.  contiguis  ornata ;  apertura  gibbosa ;  labro 
acuto,  interdum  varicoso,  autice  angulatini  emarginato ;  labio 
tenui.     Long,  'lb,  long.  spir.  'VJ,  lat.  'DO,  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  [Jewett). 

Genus  Amphithalamus*. 

Testa  Rissoidea,  nucleo  niagiio  ;  apertura  labio  producto,  labro 
subpostice  juucto,  subito  in  adulta  coutracto. 

355.  Amphithalamus  inclusus. 

A.  testa  minuta,  lata,  solidiore,  pallide  rufo-fusca ;  vertice  mamillato; 
anf'r.  unci,  uiio  et  diuiidio,  quoad  magnitudinem  ))erinagnis,  nii- 
nutissime  et  coutertissiiiie  spiraliter  et  radiatim  striolatis ;  anf'r. 
norm,  iii.,  laEvibus,sul)plauatis, suturisimpressis  ;  basisubangulata; 
costa  peripberica  rotuudata,  hand  extante,  interdum  in  spira  se 
monstrante  ;  costa  altera  circa  rcgionem  pseudo-umbilicarem  ;  labro 
acuto,  baud  coutracto :  lal>io  testa  adolescente  normali,  dein  a 
pariete  separata,  siuum  ])Osticum  suturam  versus  formante,  t.  adulta 
valde  separata,  regionem  quasi  umbilicarem  maguam  formante;  ad 
labrum  subito  fere  perpendiculariter,  subpostice  juncto  :  opercul*^ 
tenuissimo.     Long.  •04,  long.  s])ir.   02,  lat.  "03,  div,  GO^. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barb:ui  {Jewett);  S.  Diego  {Cooper). 

This  very  remarkable  little  shell  bears  the  same  relatiou  to 
Rissoa  that  Stoastoma  does  to  Helicina.  The  peritrenie  resem- 
bles a  figure  f^  inverted,  as  on  the  face  of  the  type.  In  the  dis- 
proportionate size  of  the  uue'ear  whorls  it  resembles  Vitrinella. 

373.  Drillia  mo'sta, 

J),  testa  acuminata,  Irevi,  dense  olivaceo-fusca,  epidermide  Inevi  ad- 
hcerente  iuduta  ;  anf'r.  nucleosis?...(decollatis);  norm,  viii.,  paiuui 

*  Th.  dix<f)\,  ddXafios,  having  a  chamber  on  both  sidei. 

283 


6  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca 

exci\rvati-i,  siitmis  panim  distinctis  ;  testa  adolescciite  costis  ra<H- 
autibus  fire,  x.,  suliubsnU'tis,  clongatis,  arciiatis,  simini  versus  lu- 
terniptis,  postice  nodosis ;  aiifr.  ult.  sculptura  nulla ;  apertura 
eloMgata ;  canali  hievi,  apei  to  ;  columella  recta  ;  labio  tcnui ; 
labro  aciito,  suturatii  versus  slnuato,  linu  parvo,  expauso  ;  operculo 
normali.     Long.  Tl,  long.  spir.  -65,  lat.  "Sti,  div.  27°. 

Hub.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewctt) ;  S.  Pedro  {Cooper). 

38G.   Mitromorpha  f/osa. 

M.  testa  parva,  solidiore,  atro-purpurea,  subconitbrmi,  antice  et  pos- 
tice subnequaliter  tereti  ;  anf'r.  nucl.  ii.,  albis,  laevibus,  apice 
niamillato  ;  )>orin.  iv.,  planatis,  suturis  baud  distinetis ;  omnino 
8e(pialiter  spiraliter  lirulata  ;  lirulis  acutioribus,  in  spira  iv.,  anfr. 
ult.  eirc.  xx.,  interstitiis  niajoribus  ;  ajjcrtura  lineata  ;  labro  parum 
iuflexo,  rotuudato,  postice  vix  siunato,  intus  circ.  xii.-dentato  ; 
labio  inconsjiieuo ;  eolnuiella  arcuatini  truncata.  Long.  "20, 
long.  spir.  "1,  lat.  •|2,  div.  4.')°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  [Jeicett]  ;  Lower  Caiifornia  (teste  Trick,  in 
Mus.  Cuming.). 

=  ?Da/j/iiu'iiti  Ji/osa,  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  1803,  p.  658,  notef* 

]\Ir.  A.  Adan)s  obtained  two  similar  species  from  Japan  ;  and 
as  the  shells  do  not  rank  satisfactorily  under  any  established 
group,  lie  proposes  the  above  genus  for  their  reception.  M.  Crosse 
suggests  that  Culuinbella  dorinitor,  Sby.,  may  be  congeneric. 

Mangelia  variegata. 

M.  testa  valde  attenuata,  tenui,  parva,  pallida  carnea,  rufo-fusco 
normaliter  bizonata,  interdum  unizonata,  sen  zonis  interruptis ; 
vertice  nucleoso  conspicuo,  anfr,  uno  et  dimidio,  apice  maniillato ; 
anfr.  norm,  vi.,  subrotundatis,  suturis  valde  inipressis ;  costis 
radiantibus  ix.,  angustis ;  costulis  spiralibus  crebris,  validioribus, 
in  spira  circ.  x.,  costas  superantibus ;  apertura  valde  elongata; 
canali  brevi,  aperto  ;  labro  tenui,  juxta  suturam  conspicue  areuato; 
labio  tenui.     Long.  "SI,  long.  spir.  'l/,  lat.  •!  poll.,  div.  22°. 

Variat  costis  crebrioribus,  sculptura  minus  expressa. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewett). 

Mangelia  (?  variegata,  var.)  nitens. 

M.  testa  M.  variegatee  siniili,  sed  uitentiore,  fascia  alba  et  altera 
rufo-fusca  attingente  spirain  asceudeutibus.  Long.  -25,  long, 
epir.  -15,  lat.  -08,  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewett),  rare. 

Mangelia  angulalf^. 

ilf.  testa  parva,  mfo-purpurea,  vix  grncili,  epidermide  tcnui  fugaci; 
anfr.  uucl.  iii.,  helicoiUeiSj  primum  Isevibus,  deiu  cauccllatis,  upice 

284 


from  the  IVest  Coast  of  North  America.  7 

mamillato  ;  anfr.  norm,  iv.,  convcxis,  sutiiris  impressi?,  in  medio 
gpirae  obtiisnngulatis  ;  costis  radiaiitiims  circ.  xii.,  acutiorih'.is  ;  cos- 
tula  spirali  circa  anguluni,  inter  co^tas  sMl)i)l)snleta  ;  tota  '-iiperficie 
tenuiter  spiraliter  crebri>ulcata,  sulculis  sub  Icnte  sa?pius  bitidis; 
ajjcrtura  pyrifornii,  cauali  lougiore,  recto,  ajierto ;  labro  acutOj 
postice  conspicue  sinuato  ;  colunidla  hand  contorta  ;  labro  obso- 
Icto.     Long.  "So,  long.  spir.  '18,  lat.  "Id^  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Sta.  llarbara  {Jewett). 

Myurella  simplex, 

]\I.  testa  rufo-cinerea,  miuore,  minus  tereti,  epidermide  tenui ; 
anfr.  xii.,  jdaniitis  ;  fascia  suturali  valida,  nodosa,  tuberculis  ovali- 
bus  crebris  validioribus  (anfr.  penult,  circa  xv.)  ornata ;  testa 
adolescente  costulis  radiantibus,  postea  evanescentibus  ;  striolis 
antice  et  postice  spiralil)us,  circa  periplieriam  saepe  obsoletis ; 
basi  rotundata  ;  canali  brcvissimo,  alte  eniarginato  ;  carina  supra 
canaletn  acuta,  coluniellam  jdicantc ;  laljro  acuto,  vix  undato. 
Long.  10.'3,  long.  spir.  vfi,  lat.  -27,  div.  20°. 

Tariat  tuberculis  subobsoletis. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewett);  S.Pedro  {Cotter), 

Odostomia  inflata. 

O.  te=*i  majore,  tenui,  pallide  cinerea,  epidermide  cinerea  induta; 
vert,  iiucl.  subito  imnierso  ;  anfr.  norm,  iv.,  rapidissime  augenti- 
bus,  snbplanatis,  suturis  inipressis;  tota  superiicie  minutissime  et 
confertissime  si)iraliter  striolata  ;  umbilico  nullo  ;  basi  et  apertura 
valde  elongatis  ;  labro  acuto ;  labio  tenuissimo  ;  plica  acuta,  trans- 
versa, parietem  attingente ;  columella  valde  arcuata,  antice  effusa. 
Long.  •20,  long.  spir.  -^9,  lat.  -14,  div.  60°. 

Vaiiat  spira  elatiore.     Long.  -24,  long.  spir.  "ll,  lat.  '13,  div.  45*. 

Variat  quoque  striolis  subobsolftis. 

Hdb.  Sta,  Barbara  (Jeu-ett) ;  Farralcone  Islands,  in  cavities,  on 
Holiotis  (teste  R.  D.  Darbishire) ;  near  San  Francisco  [Roicell) ; 
Neeah  Bay  [Swan). 

Chemnitzia  crebrifilata. 

C,  testa  satis  tereti,  subalbida,  baud  regulari ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  beli- 
coideis,  decliviter  sitis,  margines  spirae  parum  excurvatos  paidium 
su[)erantibus ;  norm,  viii.,  quorum  prinii  subrotundati,  ultinii  vix 
planati ;  suturis  valde  distinctis ;  cost.  rad.  circ.  xxiv.,  subrectis, 
acutioribus,  angustis,  interdum  attingevitibus,  anfr.  ultimo  cre- 
brioribus  minus  expressis,  circa  basim  prolougatam  baud  subito 
evanescentibus;  lirulis  spiralibus,  in  spira  circ.  viii.,  rotundatis, 
expressis,  anfr.  ult.  supra  costas  subnodulosis,  circa  basim  crebri- 
oribus  ;  peritremate  continuo  ;  columella  vix  torta,  baud  plicata  ; 
labio  distiucto.     Long.  -22,  long.  spir.  '17,  lat.  '07,  div.  ]y°, 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  I  specimen  {Jewett). 

285 


8  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Funns  of  Mollusca 

403  h.   Chemnitzia  [l/orquata,  var.)  sfi/Iiiiu. 

C.  testa  C.  torquatte  simili,  sed  valde  teretiore,  f;racillima,  intordum 
sul)cliaj)haiia ;  ant'r.  iiucl.  ii.,  dccliviter  sitis,  niargiiies  spirre  fere 
yiarallelos  vix  superantibus ;  norm,  xii.,  au£>>i<tis,  siihplanatis,  ?u- 
turis  distinctis;  cost-s  radiantibus  circ.  xxiii.,  latis,  declivibu';, 
testa  juniore  continuis,  aduUa  fascia  hand  sculpta  suprasuturali 
separatis;  interstitiis  parvis,  liaud  sculptis;  l)asi  rotiindnta,  liaud 
sculpta  ;  columella  parura  torta.  Long.  '32,  long.  spir.  "27,  lat.  8, 
div    10°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewetf) ;    Monterey  {Cooper). 

Chemnitzia  Virgo. 

C.  te?ta  p.irva,  alba,  gracili,  stylina;  anfr.  nncl.  ii.,  detlivitei"  sit's, 
margines  spirse  snhparallelos  hand  superantibus;  norm.  \i  ., 
sulirotundiitis,  suturis  distinctis ;  costulis  ra(liautil)us  circ.  xviii., 
angustis,  acutioril)us,  srepe  attiugentil)us,  circa  perinlieriam  hand 
Bubito  evanidis,  interstitiis  subajqiialibus  alte  sjjiraliter  sulcatis, 
sideis  circ.  viii.,  latera  costarum  creuulantil)us,  costas  hand  super- 
antibus;  basi  valde  rotundata,  curta,  baud  sculpta;  axi  lacunato; 
peritreniate  vix  continue;  columiUa  recta.  Long.  '18,  long, 
spir.  -14,  lat.  •O.'j,  div.  12°. 

Hab.  "Sta.  Barbara/*  1  specimen  [Jeivttt], 

Dunkeria  loniinata. 

D.  testa  satis  elevata,  rufo-fusca,  fasciis  pallidioribus  internum  eincta; 
anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  helicoideis,  valde  decliviter  sitis,  niarguies  spirse 
subrectos  hand  superantibus ;  norm,  viii.,  subrotundatis,  suturis 
impressis ;  costis  spiralibus  rotundatis,  in  spira  iv.,  aliiscpie  sutu- 
ralibus  vix  rotundatis,  interstitiis  miuoribus  impressis  ;  super  eas 
laminis  radiantibus  acutioribus  circ.  xxx.,  circa  basim  rotundatam 
tenuiter  continuis  ;  liris  spiralibus  hasalibus  circ.  viii.,  obtusis,  colu- 
mellam  versus  subflexuosam  obsoletis  :  peritremate  eoiitinuo  ;  labio 
appresso.     Long.  •2.'i,  long,  spir.  "IS,  lat.  '07,  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jeivett) ;  San  Diego  {Cooper). 

This  beautiful  Fenelloid  species  may  be  regarded  as  the  type 
of  the  group  Dunkeria. 

Eulima  Thersites. 

E.  testa  parva,  eurtissima,  albida,  arcuata,  valde  distorta ;  margini- 
bu3  spirse  dextro  subrecto,  sinistro  valde  exeurvato ;  anfr.  nucl. 
?.  .  (decollatis)  ;  norm,  vi.,  Isevibus,  subjilanatis,  suturis  distinctis  ; 
basi  valde  arcuata  ;  apertura  subovali,  dextrorsum  producta  ;  peri- 
tremate eontinuo,  valde  calloso  ;  labro  sinnato.  Long.  •21,  long, 
spir.  -13,  lat.  -09,  div.  40°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  1  specimen  {Jeivett). 

Preeminent   for  aberration   among  the  distorted  EuliniidjB. 
A  second  specimen  occurred  from  an  uncertain  source. 

28G 


from  Ihe  West  Coast  of  North  America,  0 

Opalia  buHnla. 

0.  testa  minore,  alba,  suhdiapliana,  tUTita,  gracili ;  marpiniljus  spirse 
subrcctis ;  tola  superticie  iniiiutissiiue  et  creberriine  spiiaUter 
Btriolata  ;  vertice  nuclcoso  doclivi,  celato  ;  dciii  anfr.  ii.,  plobosis. 
radiatirn  hand  sculptis  ;  dein  v.  nornialibus,  pianatis,  suturis  vix 
impressis;  lirulis  radiantil)us  circ.  xxvi.,  baud  nisi  in  ant'r.  primis 
exjjressis,  circa  basitn  irreuu  ariter  rotuiidatam  ad  axim  coutiuuis; 
serie  buUiilarum  suturaliiun  autV.  priiuis  e  lirulis  extantii)us  tbr- 
mata,  postea  lirulis  baud  conveiiifiitibus,  ant'r.  penult,  circ.  xvii., 
pianatis,  super  suturas  parieti  appressis,  intcrstitiis  baud  int'ossis ; 
basi  subangulata,  baud  costata ;  apertura  subovali,  sinistrorsum 
subplanata  ;  peritremate  continuo,  calloso ;  labro  baud  siuuato. 
Long.  -3,  long.  spir.  -21,  lat.  -O'J,  div.  20". 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  one  specimen  {Jewett). 

422.   Cerithiopsis  purpurea. 

C.  testa  compacta,  baud  gracili,  marginibus  sjiirre  panim  excurratls; 
purpurea  ^eu  fusco-purpurea,  circa  peripheriam  pallidiore ;  anfr. 
nucl.  ?ii.,  Isevibus ;  norm,  vii.,  pianatis,  suturis  impressis;  strie- 
bus  iii.  nodulorum  minorum  supra  costulas  spirales  minures,  ad 
intersectiones  costularum  radiantium  circ.  xxiii.,  lineis  t'ere  rectis, 
ad  suturas  interruptis,  spiram  ascendentium  sitis ;  interstitiis  im- 
pressis, quadratis ;  costulis  suturalibus  ii.  baud  nodulosis  ;  basi 
rotundata,  antice  lirulis  paucis  expressis  inter  eas  et  costulas  su- 
turales  vix  sculpta  ;  apertura  subquadrata  ;  columella  torta,  emar- 
ginata.     Long.  •29,  long.  spir.  "ll),  lat.  -1,  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jeivett);  Monterey,  San  Diego  [Cooper), 

423.   Ceritf/iojtsis  fortior. 

C.  testa  C.purpvrees  simili,  scd  sculptura  multo  fortiore,  basi  pallida; 
seriebus  nodulorum  spiralibus  testa  adolescente  ii.,  postea  iii. ;  costis 
radiantibus  circ.  xiii.,  interstitiis  majrnis  ;  costis  suturalibus  validis, 
subnodosis  ;  costu  basali  valida.  Long.  '3,  long.  spir.  "2,^1.  "ll, 
div.  26°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  1  specimen  {Jewett). 

439.  Marginella  subtrigona. 

M.  testa  M.  Jnoettii  simili,  sed  multo  curtiore,  latiore  ;  antice  valde 
aiigustata,  postice  valde  tumenie  ;  labro  postice  minus  prolongato; 
pbcis  iv.,  validioribus,  j)arietali  una.  Long,  "l-ij  long.  spir.  "Ul, 
lat.  -11,  div.  130°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewett), 

440.  Marginella  regularis. 

M.  testa  M.  Jewetfii  simili,  sed  multo  minore,  paullum  angustiore ; 
tenui,  nitidissima,  crystallina,  omnino  diapbana ;  labio  magis  cal- 
loso.    Long.  -13,  long.  spir.  -01,  lat.  -Of),  div.  120°. 

Hab.   Sta.  Barbara  [Jewett) ;  coast  of  California  south  from 

287 


]0  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca 

Monterey,  beach  to  20  fathoms;  Catalina  Island,  10-20  fa- 
thoms. State  Coll.  uo.  398 <i  {Cooper). 

4?3.  Amycla  tuberosa, 

A.  testa  A.  minori  simillima,  sed  vertice  nucleoso  tuberoso  ;  aiifr.  iv., 
tumidis,  rapide  augeiitilius ;  a))ice  minimo,  margiiies  spirae  rectos 
parum  superante,  interdum  subdecliviter  sito  ;  testa  adulta  intei- 
dum  unicolore,  livida  seu  auraatiuca ;  plerumque  albida,  rufo-i'usco 
▼nrie  picta,  seu  maculata,  seu  nebulosn,  seu  strijiata  strigis  radi- 
antibus  seu  flcxuosis,  seu  varie  penicillata,  saipe  fascia  tessellata 
subsuturali ;  anfract.  norm,  v.,  plaiiatis,  suturis  distinctis;  basi 
suhangulata;  apertura  pyriformi,  canali  satis  j)roloiigato,  arcuato; 
labro  iiitus  acuto,  deorsum  quasi  tumidiore,  postice  sniuato,  iulus 
circ.  octodentato  ;  labio  parum  conspicuo,  vix  rugulilo  ;  columella 
torta,  axi  antice  striate  ;  superficie  la;vi,  seu  iutenlum  minuti>.sime 
sub  leute  radiatim  striolata ;  epidermide  coruea,  tciiui,  subdia- 
phana,  spiraliter  sub  leiite  minutissime  striolata  :  operculo  Nassre- 
t'ormi,  parvo,  margiuibus  irregulariter  serratis,  cicatrice  bilobata. 
Long.  -32,  long.  spir.  -IS,  lat.  "l-l,  div.  30"". 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  recent  and  fossil  [Jeivett) ;  coast  of  Cali- 
fornia north  to  Monterey ;  Catalina  Island,  8-10  fathoms 
{Coopei-). 

As  this  belongs  to  a  group  of  closely  allied  species  of  Nassoid 
Columbellse,  a  minute  diagnosis  is  given.  The  fossil  specimens 
are  larger,  and  have  the  remarkable  nucleus  more  perfect,  than  any 
of  the  recent  shells  yet  seen.  In  appearance  it  scarcely  differs 
from  the  small  variety  of  the  Mediterranean  A.  minor,  Scac. ; 
but  that  (with  A.  corniculata)  has  a  Chrysodouioid  nucleus,  the 
Californiau  an  Alaboid. 

?  Anachis  penicillata. 

XA.  testa  parva,  Metuloidea,  turrita,  albida,  rufo-fusco  plus  minusve 
penicillata;  anlV.  nuclcosis  ii.,  tumidis,  helicoideis,  apice  mamil- 
lato  ;  norm,  vi.,  tumidis,  suturis  valde  impressis ;  costis  radiauti- 
bus  circ.  xii.,  angustis,  expressis  ;  lirulis  spiralibus  extantibus, 
in  spira  plerumque  vi.  supra  costas  transeuntibus ;  ajjcrtura  pyrl 
formi,  antice  eti'usa  ;  labro  postice  sinuato.  Long.  '2\,  loUjj. 
spir. -13,  lat.  08,  div.  25°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  S.  Diego,  Catalina  Island,  shore 
to  10  fathoms  {hooper). 

Neither  of  the  specimens  sent  is  quite  mature.  The  month 
is  that  of  an  adolescent  Anachis,  but  the  sculpture  is  Metuloid. 

Sipkonalia  fuscotincta. 

S.  testa  minima,  turrita,  albida,  apicem  versus  fusco  tincta ;  anfr. 
nucl.  ii.,  compactis,  subplanatis,  apice  niamillato  ;  norm,  iv.,  con- 
vexis,  suturis  impressis  ;  costis  raiiiantibus  rotundatis,  tumentibus, 
basim  versus  evanidis,  interstitiis  undulatis,  subsequaiitibus ;  liridia 

288 


from  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  \\ 

crshris  spirallbus,  costas  superantibus ;  apertura  pyriformi,  in 
canalem  brevem  apertum  contortum  products;  labro  acuto ;  la- 
bio  baud  conspicuo;  columella  canalem  versus  valde  coutorta. 
Long.  -17,  long.  spir.  -1,  lat.  -08,  div.  32°. 

Hah.  Sta.  Barbara  {Jewel t). 

TTie  unique  specimen  is  like  a  minute  edition  of  Siphonalia 
Aelletttt,  but  does  not  accord  with  the  young  of  that  or  of  any 
Other  species  known  in  the  region.     It  is  probably  not  mature. 
19  289 


L. 


DIAGNOSES 


OF 


NEW  FORMS  OF  MOLLUSC  A, 


COLLECTED   BY  COL.   E.  JEWKTT 


OK  THE 


WEST  TROPICAL  SHORES  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 

BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 


From  the  Annals  and    Magazine  of  Natural   History.     Third  Series,  Vol. 
XV^,  pp.  399—400,  May,  1865. 


(291  ) 


DIAGNOSES 

ov 

KETV    FORMS    OF    MOLLUSCA 

COLLECTED  BY  Col.  E.  JEWETT 
ON 

THE  WEST  TROnCAL  SHORES  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

BT 

PHILIP  p.  CARPENTEPt,  B.A.,  Pn.D. 


Rissoina  expansa. 

Jt.  testa  mngna,  lata,  tenuisculpta,  alba,  nitente,  subfliaphana; 
marginibus  spirse  parum  excurvatis ;  anfr.  nucl.  Isevibus,  vertice 
niamillato  ;  norm,  v.,  plaiiatis,  suturis  distinctis  ;  costulis  radiunti- 
bus  circ.  xxiv.,  obtusis,  baud  extantibus,  intcrstitia  sequantibus, 
periphcriam  versus  evanidis  ;  circa  basim  productani  striis  spiralU 
bus  expressis;  medio  Isevi;  apertura  valde  expansa,  semilunata; 
labro  subaiitice  producto,  varicoso,  antice  et  postice  alte  siuuato , 
labio  calloso.     Long.  '3.5,  long.  spir.  "18,  lat.  '17  poll.,  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Mazatlan  (teste  Jewel t). 

This  fine  species  is  the  largest  known  in  the  fauna.  It  most 
resembles  R.  infrequens,  C.  B.  Ad.,  which  was  described  from  a 
dead  shell. 

Mangelia  hamata. 

JH.  testa  carneo-aurantiaca,  satis  turrita,  marginibus  spirac  excurvatis  j 
anfr.  nucl.  ii.  globosis,  tenuissime  cancellatis,  apice  mamillato  ;  nona> 
vi.,  subelongatis,  in  spira  tumentibus,  subangulatis,  suturis  impressis ; 
costis  radiantibus  x.-xii.,  acutioribus,  validis,  circa  basim  pro- 
longatam  continuis  ;  interstitiis  concavis  ;  lirulis  spiralibus  filosis, 
distantibns,  supra  costas  transeuntibus,  in  spira  iii.-iv. ;  apertura 
eubelungata,  quasi  hamata,   intus  Isevi,  intense   culorata:  labro 

293 


Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca.  13 

Rcuto,  dorsaliter  varicoso,  postice  valde  sinuato.     Long.  "24,  long. 
spir.  -IS,  lat.  '1,  div.  25'^. 

Nub.  Panama  (teste  Jeivett). 

This  very  beautiful  species  is  easily  recognized  by  the  varicose 
lip,  sloping  off  to  a  sharp  edge ;  by  the  deeply  cut  posterior 
notch,  giving  the  smooth  mouth  a  hooked  appearance ;  by  the 
sharp  ridges,  traversed  by  distant  spiral  threads ;  and  by  the 
flesh-tinted  orange  colour. 

Mangelia  cerea. 

M.  testa  M.  hnmattE  simili,  sed  textura  cerea,  aurantiaca,  graci iioro, 
aiifractihus  tumidioribus,  baud  angulatis ;  aufr.  nucl.  leevibus; 
normalibus  v.,  costis  radiantibns  baud  acutis,  iiiterstitia  sequan- 
tibus ;  liris  spiralibus  validioribus,  baud  filosis,  supra  costas  nodu- 
losis,  in  interstitiis  subobsoletis ;  apert'ira,  testa  adulta,  ?.,.. 
Long.  -25,  long.  spir.   lA,  lat.  '1,  div.  28°. 

Variat  testa  rufo-i'usca. 

Hab.  Panama  (teste  Jeivett), 

Col.  Jewett's  unique  specimen  is  not  mature.  It  is  distin- 
guished from  M.  hamata  by  the  smooth  nucleus,  waxen  texture, 
rounder  whorls,  more  equal  distribution  of  the  contour  between 
ribs  and  interstices,  and  especially  by  the  spiral  sculpture,  which 
is  faint  in  the  hollows,  but  nodulose  on  the  ribs.  Mr.  Cuming 
has  a  specimen  with  the  same  texture,  but  of  a  rich  browa 
colour. 

Chemnitzia  calata. 

C.  testa  satis  magna,  cinerea,  elongata ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?. . . ;  norm,  xiii., 
planatis,  suturis  vix  iuiprcssis ;  costis  radiantilius  xx.-xxviii., 
rectis,  baud  semper  convenitntibus,  subacutis,  ad  peripberiam 
subito  truncatis  ;  sulcis  spiralibus  in  spira  iv.-v.,  valde  inipressis, 
interstitia  et  costarum  latera  transeuntibus,  juga  baud  su})eranti- 
bus ;  basi  subito  angustata,  angulata,  liiulis  spiralibus  circ.  vi. 
ornata ;  apertura  subquadrata  ;  columella  satis  torta.  Long.  "35, 
long.  spir.  -3,  lat.  -09,  div.  13°. 

Hab.  West  coast  of  North  America  (Jewett). 

This  beautiful  and  unique  shell  was  probably  from  Panama ; 
but  there  was  no  locality-mark.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  deep 
furrows  and  the  suddenly  shortened  and  spirally  sculptured 
base.  It  is  much  larger  and  broader  than  the  uorthern  C  Vir^o, 
and  differs  in  details  of  sculpture. 

294 


M. 


DIAGNOSES 


DBS 


MOLLUSQUES    NOUVEAUX 

PROVENANT  DE  CALIFORNIE, 

ET  FAISANT  PARTIE  DU  MUSEE  DE  L'INSTITUTION  SMITHSONIENNB. 


BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  Ph.  D. 


From  the  Journal  de  Conchy liologie,  Vol.  XII.  (Third  Series,  Vol.  V  )    np 

129-149,  April,  1865. 


(  295  ) 


Diagnoses  de  moiiusques  nonveaox  provennni 
de  Caiifoi'iiic  el    faisant    partie    du    musee 

de    riiiHtitiition  Smitlisonienne, 

PAR  TuiLiP  P.  Carpenter,  B.  A.,  Tn.  D, 


I. 

O'aprcs  Ics  lois  des  Etats-Unis,  tous  les  objets  d'histolre 
laluroile  recueillisdans  le  cours  dcs  espedilions  failos  par 

297 


—  130  — 

les  Etnfs  deviennent  la  propriele  de  rinslitulion  Smithso- 
nienne,  qui  est  autorisee,  de  plus,  a  echangcr  les  doubles. 
Celle  inslilulion,  si  bien  dirigte  par  le  professeur  Hinry, 
qui  en  est  le  secretaire,  n'a  pas  pour  objet  principal  son 
seul  agrandisscment ;  elle  est  (!'tablie  pour  «  I'accroisse- 
ment  et  la  propagation  de  la  science  parmi  les  hommeSt  » 
c'esl-a-dire  quelle  embrasse  loutes  les  nations.  Dans  I'e- 
cliange  des  doubles,  on  n'a  pas  pour  buld'obtenir  un  quid 
pro  quo,  mais  plut6t  d'envoyer  les  echanlillons  a  quelque 
endroit  ou  ils  seront  plus  utiles  pour  Tavancement  de  la 
science.  Le  revenu  de  Tinstitulion  ne  sufllsant  pas  pour 
avoir  a  poste  fixe  des  naluralisles  charges  de  dasser  et  de 
decrire  au  besoin  les  objets  d'histoire  naturelle  de  ce 
musee,  on  envoie  ces  objets  encommunicalion  a  des  natu- 
ralistes  des  Elats-Unis  ou  d'autres  pavs,  selon  leurspecia- 
lile,  en  vue  d'arriver  a  determiner  les  especes  et  de  faire 
choix  des  echanlillons  pour  leur  collection  permanente  et 
pour  les  echanges.  En  conformile  de  ce  principe,  les  di- 
recleurs  de  I'inslitution  m'ont  transmis  en  Anglelerre 
toutes  les  coquilles  recueillies  sur  la  c6le  ouest  d'Ame- 
rique.  Je  les  ai  soigneusement  comparees  avee  les  types 
de  la  collection  Cuming  et  du  musee  britannique;  et,  par 
suite  de  cet  examen  comparatif  joint  a  celui  de  mes 
propres  materiaux,  je  me  suis  trouve  dans  la  necessite  de 
decrire  a  peu  pres  trois  cen!^  especes  ou  varietes  locales, 
en  dehors  de  celles  que  j'ai  publiees  anterieurement  dans 
mon  catalogue  des  coquilles  de  Mazatlan, 

On  trouvera  des  renseignements  sur  ces  especes  et  sur 
toutes  les  sources  originales  d'information  concernant  le 
mfime  sujet,  dans  mon  <.( Supplementary  Report  on  the 
present  stale  of  our  knowledge  of  (he  Mollusca  of  (he 
\\  est  coast  of  N.  America,  »  6crit  a  la  demande  de  1' Asso- 
ciation britannique  pour  Pavancement  de  la  science,  el 

298 


—  131  — 

publie  dans  ses  Transactions  pour  I'annde  1803  (p  517- 
C8(J).  A\x\  pafies  G3C  0(54,  on  pent  consnlter  une  table  dis- 
posee  de  manierc  a  faire  voir  d'nn  coup  d'oeil  toutes  les 
especes  tic  la  region  de  Vancouver  et  de  Californie,  jus- 
qu'ici  tres  pen  conniies,  avec  totis  les  endroils  ou  on  les 
a  recueillies,  d'apres  les  renseignements  fournis  par  les 
principaux  colleclcurs.  Dans  les  mfimes  pages  on  tronvera 
une  description  tres-succincte  des  especes  qui  sont  nou- 
\ellesou  pen  connncs  :  quant  aux  diagnoses  latines,  elles 
ont  ete  publiees  dans  divers  journaiix  scienlifiques,  selon 
la  source  de  provenance  des  especes  qu'elles  concernent. 
Ainsi,  par  exemple.  on  doit  en  chercher  le  plus  grand 
nombre,  qui  ont  ete  draguees  par  le  docleur  Cooper,  lore 
du  Geological  Survey  de  I'Etat  de  Californie,  dans  les  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  California  Academy,  18Gi-5.  Les  especes 
draguees  par  le  docleur  Kennerley  au  Puget-Sound  se 
Irouvent  decriles  dans  le  Journal  of  the  Philadelphia 
Academy,  18(55.  Les  especes  trouvc^es  par  le  colonel  Je- 
wetl,  en  Californie,  ont  eie  publiees  dans  les  Annals  of 
natural  History^  18(i4-o;  cellesqui  ont  ete  recueillies  par 
M.  Swan  et  les  jeunes  Indiens,  de  I'instruction  desquels  ii 
est  charge,  a  la  bale  de  Neeah  (vis-a-vis  I'lle  de  Vancou- 
ver), et  par  M.  Xantus,  au  cap  St. -Lucas,  se  trouvent 
ddcrites  dans  le  mfeme  recuoil  periodique  (186i).  Dans 
les  Proceedings  of  the  zoological  Society  (1863,  p.  559- 
3G9),  on  trouvera  nn  evamen  critique  du  Panama  cata- 
logue du  profcsseur  C.  B.  Adams,  fait  d'apres  ses  echan- 
tillons  typiques ;  et,  pendant  le  cours  de  la  presente  on- 
nee,  le  mCme  journal  doit  publier  les  especes  nouvelles 
de  la  region  tropicale,  recueillies  par  MM.  Reigen, 
C.  B.  Adams,  etc. 

Profitant  de  la  bienveillance  avec  laquelle  I'editeur  du 

Journal  de  Conchyliologie  a  bien  voulu  m'ouvrir  les  co- 

299 


—  132  — 

lonncs  (!e  son  recneil  sciofilifiiiiie,  je  me  propose  de  don- 
ner,  <liins  eel  article,  les  diagnoses  des  ospeces  iioiivclies 
de  Californie,  qui  ne  se  Iroiivenl  pas  decritcs  dans  lesme- 
moires  cites  plus  haul.  Je  me  Irouve  dans  limpossibiiite 
d'en  donnor  en  nieme  temps  les  figures,  altendii  que  j'ai 
deja  reslilue  les  cchanlillons  lypiques  a  i'inslitulion  Sinilh- 
sonieniie;  mai>  celte  absence  de  figures  est  moins  regret- 
table, si  Ton  considere  qu'elle  n'esl  que  momentanee,  et 
que  les  especes  en  queslion  doivent  6tre  prodiainement 
dessinees  et  gravees  sur  bois  par  !e  savant  artiste,  M.  le 
D'  W.  Stimpson,  pour  le  Mauuel  des  Mollusques  de  la  cole 
onesi  d'Ameiique,  que  je  prepare  en  ce  moment,  a  la  de- 
mande  de  I'inslitulion  Smilhsonieiine  (i).  Lorsqu'il  exisle 
des  doubles  de  ces  diverses  especes,  on  les  trouvera  ou 
dans  le  Musee  briluunique  ou  dans  la  collection  Cuming. 
Warringlon  (Angletcrre],  15  fevrier  IStio. 

II. 

1.  Angulls  Gouldii. 

A.  t.  parva,  alba,  tcnui,  tumida,  subdiaphana,  subqua- 
drata;  epidermide  pallida,  tenuissima,  induta;  Icevi,  li- 
neis  incrementi  hand  exstantibus ;  antice  et  ventraliter  in- 
(lata,  marginibus  regulariter  excurvatis;  parte postica 
minima,  haud  angulata;  umbonibus  prominentibus  :  in- 
tuSj  dentibus  cardinalibus  utraque  valva  una  simplici 
unoque  bi/ido,  validis,  obtusis ;  laterali  antico  valva  dex- 

(1)  Je  prie  les  naturalisles  qui  trouveraient  des  arrears  dans 
mes  ouvrages  deja  publico,  ou  qui  posseileraieiit  de  noiiveaux 
inaienaux  relatil's  aux  Mollusques  de  la  cole  ouest  d'Aiiierique, 
de  vnuloir  bien  me  conimuniiiuer  k'urs  renj-eignenieiits,  en  me 
les  aarcssaiit  chez  M.  le  piofesseur  Henry,  Smilhsoniaii  inslitu- 
tioii,  AVa^hiiigtoii,  I).  C,  lilais-Unis,  alin  que  je  puisne  rendre  ce 
Manuel  aussi  cuuiijlel  et  aussi  oxacl  que  pos^ible.  I'.  C. 

300 

i 


—  133  — 

tra  curto,  valido,  exstante  ;  postico  obsoleto;  valva  siniS' 
trail  null  is ;  nymphis  rectis,  inconspicuis ;  sinu  pallii 
maximo,  sub tr (angular i,  fere  cicatricem  alteram  teniis 
porrecto;  cicatricibus  adductoribus  postica  siibquadrata, 
antica  elongata.  —  Long.  -48,  lat,  -4,  alt.  '\  poll.  [\). 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Cassidy.  L'ile  de  Cerros,  dans  la  basse 
Californie,  Ayres. 

Cclte  pelile  coqnille  porte  Ic  nom  de  «  M(sra  Gouhlii, 
Hani.,  »  dans  le  musce  Cuming  et  dans  les  Genera  de 
MM.  Adams  (I.  II,  p.  39G),  mais  je  n'ai  pu  parvenir  a  en 
Irouverde  diagnose  publiee.  Sur  qiielques-uns  des  ^chan- 
tillons,  on  peut  trouver  le  commencement  d'une  dent  la- 
tcrale  poslerieure.  Ainsi  la  dilTerence  entre  les  sotis- 
genres  Mara  et  Angiilus  de  M.M.  Adams  est  de  ties-pcii 
d'importance.  Cclle  espece  offie  I'aspect  de  I'etat  jeiine  da 
Luiricola  Dcmbeyi,  Lamarck  (2),  mais  clle  en  differe  par 
la  charniere. 

(1)  Les  dimensions  des  espcces  sont  donnces  en  pouces  an- 
glais, dont  chacun  =  2.53  ccniimetres. 

(2J  Pour  celte  section  de  Scmbicularia,  MM.  Adams  proposcnt 
le  vocable  Capsa;  ce  qui  fait  grandement  confusion,  Capm  elant 
un  nom  de  Lamarck,  .^ynonyme,  il  est  vrai,  d'fphigenia,  Schuma- 
cher, mais  neanmoins  tres-usite.  Je  propose  de  recnnsliliier  io 
genre  ancien  Lutricola,  de  Blainville,  prisdansun  sens  reslreiiit, 
pour  ce  groupe,  intermcdiaire  entre  les  vrais  Scrobicularia  et  les 
Macoma,  ainsi  qu'il  suit ; 

Sous-genre  Lutricola. 

=  Lutricola,  Blainv.  pars. 

=  Capsa,  H.  et  A.  Ad.,  non  Lam. 

=  Scrobicularia,  seu  Macoma,  seu  Telliha,  pars,  auct. 

Testa  tumida,  swpe  inwquivulvis,  irregularis,  subquudrata  seu 
antice  producta ;  pars  postica  undala  seu  truncala;  cartilago  fo^sa 
subinterva  sita,  ligamento  curtiore  contigua  :  denies  cardinules 
utraque  valva  duo,  laterales  nulli. 

Ex.  Lutricola  ep'iippiuin,  Solander,  L.  alia,  Conrad;  L.  Dom- 
heyi,  Lamarck,  etc. 

301 


—  13i  — 

(Xdalia,  n.  g. 
i.l)m,e7SA\ea.  (uoe  coquilie)  reiidt'e. 

Testa  inflata,  tenuis,. ccquivalvis,  (vquilateralis,  cyclO' 
diformis  :  margo  haud  hians,  hand  sinuatus  :  ligamentum 
et  cartilago  externa  :  denies  cardinales  3-2,  bifidi,  late- 
rales  nulU  :  sinus  pallii  magnus.. 

2.  (£dalia  sl'ddiapiiana. 

QE.  t.  albida,  tenuissima,  siibdiaphana,  suhmargarita- 
cea,  tumente;  IcBvi,  striulis  incrcmenti  exillimis ;  epider- 
mide pallide  straminea,  tenuissima ^induta;  suborbiculuri, 
umbonibus  tumentibus,  prominentibus ;  marginibus  um- 
nino  satis  excurvatis,  antico  roiundato,  postico  paulttlum 
porrecto,  lunula  nulla  :  intus,  valva  sinistrali  dentibus 
cardinalibns  3  bifidis,  radiuntibus,  quorum  centralis  ma- 
jor, valva  dextra  2  bifidis,  intercalantibus ;  nymphis  par- 
vis,  Curtis,  tenuibus ;  ligamento  circa  umbones  excurrente; 
lamina  cardinali  dorsaliter  parum  claviculata;  cicatrici- 
biis  adductoribus  parvis,  marginem  dorsalem  versus  sitis, 
antica  ovali,  postica  subrotundata;  sinu  pallii  regulariter 
ovali,  per  duas  trientes  interstitii  incurrente,  longitudi- 
naliter  tenuissime  corrugate;  linea  pallii  antice  a  mar- 
gine  remota,  diagonaliter  reflcxa.  —  Long.  -52,  lat.  '44, 
alt.  "26,  poll. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Cassidy. 

Je  n'ai  vu  qu'un  sen'  echantillon  de  cette  roquille  fort 

remarquable.  Apres  ravoir  examinee  pour  la  secotide  fois 

et  avec  beauconp  de  soin  au  injcroscopc,  pour  caracteri- 

ser  I'espece  et  pour  comparer  ses  caracleres  avec  ceux  du 

Cooperella  scinlUhformis,  j'ai  eu  le  mallieur  de  le  hiisser 

tomber  a  terre  et  de  le  briser  :  mnis  je  puis  attester  I'exac- 

lilude  de  la  des-criplion.  f.ptie  espece  a  I'aspcct  exicrne 

302 


—   135  — 

d'un  Kellia  suborbicularis ;  I'iiifle^ion  palle.ile  dun  Se- 
tnele;  le  ligament  circumumbonal  des  Circe  et  des  Pse- 
phisj  et  une  charniere  Ires-complexe,  contenant  cinq 
dents,  toutes  bifides.  Avec  le  sous-genre  CoopercUa,  qui 
en  differe  comme  les  Lulricola  el  les  Macoma  (le  car- 
tilage «Jtant  senni-interne)  et  peut-6tre  avec  les  Cycla- 
della,  elle  constitue  un  groupe  parliculier  des  TelliniJoB. 

3.    PSEPHIS   TELLIHTALIS. 

Ps.  t.  valde  transversa,  siibqiiadrata,  tumidiore,  valde 
incequilaterali ;  umbonibus  obtusis,  vix  prominent ibus ; 
pallide  carneo-lutescente,  purpurea  [maxime  circa  mar- 
ginem  dentcsque)  tincta;  epidermide  tenuissima  induta; 
tola  super ficie  creberrime  concentrice  striata;  margini- 
bus,  dorsali  et  ventrali  subparallelis,  antico  rectiore,  pos- 
tico  rotundato;  lunula  inconspicua  :  intus,  dentibus  cen- 
tralibus  minimis,  anticis  elongatis,  posticis  valde  elon- 
gatis;  sinupallii  vix  sinuuto. — Long.  '09,  lat.  '01,  altit. 
•04,  poll. 

Hab.  California  (sur  la  partie  dorsale  d'une  Ilaliolide, 
Howell). 

Le  sous  genre  Psephis  se  compose  de  tres-petites  co- 

quilles  ven^riformes,  dont  Tanlmal  est  ovivipare,  comme 

celui  des  Cyclas,  etc.,  des  eaux  douces,  et  des  Bryophila 

parmi  les  Lamellibranches  marins.  La  charniere  porte 

trois  dents;   quelquefois  elles  resscmblent  a  celles  des 

Chione  ;  mais  ordinairement  les  dents  anlerieures  et  pos- 

terieures  se  prolongent.  Le  Psephis  tellimyalis  se  (rouve 

sur  les  limites  exlrfemes  du  groupe.  II  a  I'aspect  exterieur 

d'un    Tellitnya  bidentalis  et  quelque  chose  aussi  de  sa 

charniere,  a  cause  du  Ires-grand  developpement  des  deux 

dents terminales  aux  deptns  de  la  dent  centrale.  Je  n'eo  ai 

303 


—  13G  — 

vu  qn'tm  seiil  ichnnlillon,  qui  apparlient  au  reverend 
J.  Rowell,  pasteur  h  San  Francisoo. 

4.  Tapes  lacimata. 

T.  t.  •  T.  staminece  »  simili,  sed  majore,  fragili,  multo 
tenuiore;  satis  tumida,  suhovali^  reguhiriter  excurvata, 
cinerea;  lunula  linea  impressa,  parum  definita;  margini'- 
bus,  postico  vix  subquadruto,  antico  producto;  ligamento 
haud  prominent e ;  costis  radiantibus  acutis,  distantibus, 
ventratiter  dimidium  interstitiorum  wquantibus,  postice 
parvis,  crebris,  antice  latis;  laminis  concentricis  creber- 
rimis,  vix  erectis,  castas  transeuntibus,  a  costis  et  inter- 
stitiis  eleganter  undatis,  haudnodosis :  pagina  interna  al- 
bida;  dentibus cicatricibusque  ut  in  *T.  staminea*  forma- 
tis ;  sinu  pallii  paulum  longiore,  acutiore.  — Long.  2-  4, 
lat.  '2,  alt.  i'i,  poll. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Rich,  Blake,  Cooper. 

Cetle  espSce  est  rcmarquablc,  en  m6me  temp<  ponr  la 
d^licatesse  de  sa  sculpture,  et  pour  les  caraclercs  partlru- 
liers  de  sa  texture.  Elle  apparlient  au  m^me  groupe  que 
les  T.  Adamsii,  Reeve,  T.  levcrrima.  Carpenter  (decrit 
d'apres  un  indiviJu  trcs-jeune)  et  T.  slaminen,  Conrad. 
Cclte  dernil^re  espcce  comple  parml  ses  varietes  les  V.  Pe- 
tilii  et  V.  ruderata,  Deshajes,  V  mundiilus.  Reeve  (=  T. 
diversa^  Sowerbj)et  V.  tumida,  Sowerby.  Mais  elle  se  dis- 
tingue facilement  de  loutes  ces  formes  parses  lames  con- 
centriques,  disposees  au-dessus  des  rayons  et  de  leurs  in- 
terstices bien  prononces  et  laciniecs  aj  sommet  fort 
^Ic^gammciit. 

5.  Kellia  (LAPEnousii,  var.)  CnmoNii. 

K.  t.  •  K.  Laperousii*  simili;  sed  tenuiore,  minus  trans- 

tersa,ventraliter  excurvata;  epidermide  pallidiore  ;  um- 

304 


—  137  — 

bonihus  angustioribus  :  dcnlibiis  multo  minoribus.  hand 
exstanlihus.  —  Long.  •76,  lul.  -62,  alt.  'i\,  poll. 
Hub.  Neeah  Bay,  Stcan  ;  San  Pedro,  Cooper. 

Cetle  variele  est  asx'z  dislinrte  de  la  forme  tjpiqne  du 
K.  Laperousii;  muis  hi  Miili;  d'individiis  que  j'al  eii  occa- 
sion d' examiner  comparativt  ment  ma  permis  du  me  cun- 
vaincre  que  Tespece  Vuriait  beaucoup. 

C.    KeLLIA    ROTINDATA. 

K.  t.  tenuissima,  orbiculari,  satis  convexa,  aqxiilnte- 
rail,  Icevi ;  epidermidc  subnitente,  pallide  olivacea;  um- 
bonibus  angustis,  satis  pruminentibus;  marginibus  omnino 
regulariter  excurvatis  :  intus,  dentibus  cardinalibus  2 
tenuibus,  satis  conspicuis,  clavicula  hand  exstante ;  denti- 
bus lateralibus  satis  elongntis. — Long.  'G,  lut.  'h,  alt.  "28, 
poll, 

Hab,  Monterey,  Taylor. 

Celle  espece  est  beaucoup  plus  grande,  mais  moins 
renflee  que  le  K.  suborbicularis,  et  se  distingue  lucile- 
ment  par  sa  forme  presque  completemenl  arrondie. 

7.  OSTREA    LURIDA. 

0.  t.  irrcgulari ,  suborbiculari,  ellipsoidea,  sen  pro- 
ducta;  super ficie  interduni  laminuta,  purpurea  seu  squa- 
lide  grisea,  haud  costata  :  intus  olivacea,  interdum  pur- 
purea tincta,  seu  omnino  purpurea,  submargaritacea;  car' 
dine  recto;  umbonibus  haud  conspicuis,  haud  excavacis; 
margine  interna^  cardinein  versus  sa^pe  crenulato. 

Animal  /luvore  cupreo  tinctum. 

Var.  laticaudata.  Null,  ms. :  t.  omnino  purpurea,  mar- 
gine producto,  undato;  cardinem  versus,  denticulis  con- 
spicuis instructo. 

Hab.  Vancouver  Is.,  a 2-."  Injscssur  fond  de  vase,  Lord^ 
20  305 


—    138  — 

Shoalw.iliT   Ray,   Cdopvr,    Nccali    Bay  et  Talooche    Is., 
i»itvf/i  (Var.)  Mnnli'it'j,  Sntlall. 

?Var.  expansn  :  t.  omniW'  phnuitn,  per  totuin  siiprrfi- 
ct'rm  (iffxxn  ;  extus,  maryinem  versus  Inminala,  purpureo 
radiata;  intus,  olicaceo-rufu,  liyitmento  pario,  in  medio 
undato,solidiore. 

Ilab.  S.  INdio,  Cooprr. 

?Var.  riifoidfs  :  t.  •  O.  Virginicce  •  j'lin.  simili;  sed  te- 
nuissima,  luteo-rufa,  ititus  rufo  tinctu;  umbonibiis  coti' 
cavis. 

Hab.  S.  Diego,  Cussidfj,  Cooper.  Fossile  a  San  Pablo, 
20  picds  aii-dessiis  de  la  liaiilc  maroe,  \eicberrfj. 

Les  lluUres  de  California,  dans  Icur  elat  ordinaire, 
comme  on  les  Irouve  an  Shoahvaler  Bay  (Oregon),  onl  a 
peu  pres  la  couleiir  et  I'aspect  de  [elites  Elhcries.  I.es 
individus  des  mers  plus  diandes  ont  I'air  d'etre  ties-dis- 
lincts;  m.iis,  d'apres  le  docleur  Cooper,  qui  a  ime  grandc 
experience  de  la  matiere,  ce  ne  sont  que  des  vari(  tes.  Je 
ne  pouvais  pas  prendre  pour  nom  specifique  cehii  que  le 
professeur  Nutlall  avail  donne  en  manuscrit  a  une  forme 
accidenleile.  Quant  aux  aulres  formes,  assez  conjitantes 
dans  leurs  diverses  localites,  je  leur  ai  donne  des  noms 
qui  pourront  servir  a  les  designer  soil  comme  especes, 
soit  comme  varietes,  lorsqiie,  plus  tard,  la  cnnnais- 
sance  d'un  plus  grand  nombre  d'individus  permettra 
d'avoir  une  opinion  definilive  en  ce  qui  les  concerne.  La 
variele  rufoides  a  beaucoup  de  rasped  de  10.  Virginica 
(Maz.  Cat.,  n°.  212).  Elle  etait  designee  sous  le  nom  «  O. 
?rvfa  »  par  le  docleur  Gould  ;  mais  je  suis  porte  h  croire 
que  I'espece  de  Lamarck  est  une  variele  des  lluilres  allan- 
tiques,  allendu  que  les  co(|uilles  do  >a  haute  (^alifoinie 
n'^laient  pas  connues  a  I'epoque  ou  il  a  ecrit. 

306 


—  139  — 

8.    TORNATELLA    Pr.NCTOCiF.LATA. 

T.  t.  tcnui,  satis  elongata,  omidea;  cinerca,  fusciis 
dimbus  latis  fuscis  ornata;  vertice  nucleuso  decUviter  cce- 
lato;  anfractibus  normalibus  4  vix  convexis ,  suturis 
distinctis;  tola  superficie  sulcis  subdistantibus  ccclata. 
punctis  impressis  seriatim  disposilis,  quarnm  7-9,  in 
spira  monstrantur ;  basi  ovali;  apertura  latiore;  lal>ro 
acittOy  antice  sinuato;  labio  indistincto  ;  plica  acuta  de- 
clivijuxtaparietemjtaudeastante;  columella  antice  torta. 
Long.  '2,  long.  spir.  '06,  lat.  '09,  poll.:  div.  50°. 

llab.  Santa-Crux,  Rowell. — San  Diogo,  Cooper. 

Celte  e«pece  est  un  pen  aberranle,  a  cause  de  son  o«- 
verlure  large,  de  son  pli  rcporte  pros  du  bord  parietal  el 
de  sa  rolumcile  lorilue  comme  celle  des  Bullina.  La  cise- 
lure  des  tours  resscmble  aux  impresM'ons  que  lui.^serait  unc 
serie  de  pelils  colliers. 

9.  Cyliciina  planata. 

C,  t.parva,  cylindracea,  subelongata,  alba,  Ictvi,  epi- 
dermide  straminea  induta;  marginibus  fere  para  lie  lis ; 
spira  planata,  hand  umbilicata,  hand  mamillata;  anfrac- 
tibus i  convolutis,  suturis  parum  impressis ;  basi  modice 
effusa;  labro  tenui,  in  medio  satis  producto,  antice  late 
arcuato,  postice  parum  sinuato,  haud  canaliculuto,  sutu- 
ram  versus  satis  rotundato;  labio  distincto,  postice  sub- 
calloso :  columella  plica  satis  exstante,  axi  basim  circum- 
yyrante.  Long.  'W,  lat.  'Ooo,  jso/^  ;  div.  480". 

Hab.  Sun  Diego,  Cassidy. 

On  n'a  trouve  qu'un  seul  echantillon  de  cette  petite 
espece,  qui  est  intermediaire  entre  les  Cyliciina  et  les 
Tornalina. 

307 


—  140  — 
Genus  LOTTIA. 

=  Lollt'a,  Gray,  pars. 

=:  AcmcBa,  sen  TecUtra,  seu  Patella^  pars,  auct. 
=  Tecturdia,  Cpr.  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  18G1,  p.  137; 
non  Stimpson,  Invert.,  Grand-Manan. 

Testa  Patellis  quibusdum  seu  Helcioni  similis;  ple- 
rtimque  planata,  solida,  apice  anteriori. 

Animal  margine  pallii  intus  papillis  lamellosis  circa 
dorsum  luteraque  ins  true  to,  regione  capitis  interrupt  is; 
pede  elongato,  ovali,  planalo ;  branchia  minima. 

Ce  genre  est  intermediaire  entre  les  AcmcBu  et  les  Scur- 
ria.  Dans  les  Acmaea,  le  manteau  est  simple;  dans  les 
Scurria,  il  est  garni,  sur  toutesa  circonference,  depapiiles 
qui,  a  premiere  vue,  offrent  I'apparehce  des  branchies  des 
vrafes  Palelles;  chez  les  Lottia,  on  trouve  ces  papilles  sur 
le  corps,  mais  non  sur  la  l6te  de  I'animal.  De  plus,  la 
branchie,  qui  est  ordinairement  allongee  et  en  forme  de 
plume  cliez  les  Acmcea,  et  triangulaire  chez  les  Scurria, 
est  tres-petile  dans  le  genre  qui  nous  occupe.  II  serait 
prematura  de  voulolr  fixer  definitivement  les  caracteres 
conclnliologiques  du  genre  Loltia,  quoique  le  type  soit 
tres  (lilTerent  des  Palelles  ordinaires  ;  car  il  est  possible 
que  quelques-unes  des  especes  que  Ton  considere  actuel- 
lement  comme  des  Palelles  se  trouvent  6tre  des  Loltia, 
lors(|u'on  aura  eu  I'occasion  d'observer  leurs  animaux. 

On  sail  qu'il  y  a  quatre  noms  employes  pour  designer 
Ips  Palelles  h  branchie  de  petite  dimension.  Acmwa  est  le 
premier  en  date,  ayant  ^te  public  dans  I'appendice  du 
voyage  de  Rolzebue.  J'aurais  voulu  conserver  pour  ce 
groupe  le  vocable  geiierique  Tectura,   employe    (apres 

Milne  Kdwards)  par  Grav  et  MM.  Adams :  mais  je  trouve 

308 


—   141    — 

que  Sowerby  sen.,  dans  son  Grn'ra,  a  fgiire  lespece 
origlnale  cotnme  type  de  son  «  Lollia,  Gray.  » 

C'est  le  doiteiir  Cooper  qui,  le  pronjier,  a  ob>ierve  et 
sigriale  les  parliculariles  de  Tanima! ;  mais  la  diagnose 
que  je  viens  de  doniier  est  le  resiillal  des  eludes  dii  dnc- 
teur  Alcock,  qui  a  succede  an  capilaine  Brown  romme 
curaleur  du  Musee  d(^  Manchester.  II  a  fait  I'anatoniie  de 
prcsquo  toutes  les  Palelles  de  la  c6te  ouest  d'.^merique; 
mais  je  ne  veux  pas  aniiciper  sur  ses  decouvertes.  Voici  la 
diagnose  de  I'espece  typique. 

10.  LoTTi.\  GiGA>TE.\,  Gray. 

L.  t.  magna,  crassiore,  planata,  expansa,  texlura  sa'pius 
extus  spongiosa;  nucleo  minore,  corneo,  nigro-fuscn,  an- 
cijliformi,  vertice  mamillato,  subelevato;  dein  elongnta, 
postice  grisea,  undulatn ;  t.  adulcscente  verrucosa,  radiis 
obscuris,  antice  hand  verrucosis;  t.  adulia  plus  muiusvt 
lata,  plus  minusve  radiata  sen  verrucosa;  apice  plus 
minusve  a  margine  rertioto;  parte  antica  seu  haud  exstante, 
seu  circiter  per  quintam  totius  longitudinis  projiciente, 
parte  postica  plus  minusve  elevata,  convexa;  extus  ut  in 
•  Acmcea  pelta  'picta,  albido-grisea.  fusco-olivaceo  coniost 
irregulariter  strigata  :  intus,  plerumque  testudinaria. 
margine  lata,  nigro;  spectra  definito,  seu  rarius  ulbido , 
cicatrice  musculari  fortiore,  intcrdam  purpurea  seu  via- 
iaceo  tincta. 

Long.  sp.  normalis)  2*6,  lat.  2'05,  alt.  '1 .  poll.  A. 

Long.  {sp.  variantis)  2'95,  lat.  2  35,  alt.  '8,  poll.  B, 

On  mesure  de  Vapex  jusqu'au  bord  anleiicur,  dans  le 
sp.  A.  '45. 

On  mosnre  de  Yapex  jusqu'au  b;»r.l  onteriour.  dans  (e 
sp.  B,  05. 

309 


—  U2  — 

L'alliliide  tl<;  IV/pr'.r  en  sp.  A  est  de   G. 

L'alliluile  do  Yapex  en  sp.  B  n'csl  que  de  '35. 

=  Tecliirclla  gr(indi<i,  (.pr.  Bril.  A.^soc.  Rep.,  Inc.  cit., 
ou  Ton  pent  voir  quelquos  details  sur  les  variations  de 
celle  espece  remarquable. 

H.    BlTTICM    (?VAR.)  ESrniENS. 

B.  t.  «  B.  filoso  •  simili,  sed  miilto  minore,  graciliore^ 
interdum  valde  attenuata;  sculplura  I.  juniore  ut  in 
«  B.  filoso;  .  sed  t.  adulta  subobsolcta,  inlersliliis  hand 
imculpiis.  Long.  -27,  long.  spir. '\Q,  lat.  'QSo,  poll.  : 
div.  25°. 

ll.ib.  Necoh  Bay,  Swan.  Sla. -Barbara,  Jewell.  —  iMon- 
terey,  San  I'edro,  Cooper. 

Bion  que  j'aie  vu  beaucoup  d'individus  de  cette  forme, 
et  un  pbis  grand  noinbre  encore  du  li.  flosiim,  Gbl. 
[z=  Jurrilvlla  r^schricliti,  Jlidd.  =z  Acirsa  Eschrichti, 
Adams.  Genera),  jc  ne  puis  pas  decider  avec  une  certitude 
comi'lete  si  c'cst  une  veritable  espece,  ou  seulemont  une 
varielii  dogradee  et,  pour  ainsi  dire,  afiamee  (^surjcws)  du 
li.  fihsum,  qui,  d'ailleurs,  ne  varie  pas.  Comme  le  li.  fi- 
losum  ne  s'etend  pas  aussi  loin  au  sftd,  il  est  probable  que 
les  erhanlillonscalifornicnsdoivent  elreconsideres  comme 
di-tincls,  tandis  que  les  individus  de  la  region  Vancouve- 
rieniie  peuvent  etre  reunis  au  B.  filosiim.  fous  les  indi- 
vidus qu'on  a  envoy's  etaient  tres-roules. 

12.    BiTTICM   ATTENCATUM. 

B.  t.  valde  gracili,  attenuata;  an fr.  nucl...  [de Iritis); 

normalibus  10  planatis,  siituris  haudimpressis;  t.  juniore 

lirulis  spiralibus  2  unticis  conspicuis,  aliis  posticis pamm 

conspicuis,  supra  costulas  circiter  \  \ .  radiantes  transeun- 

310 


—  143  — 

tibus;  t  adulta  coshdis  et  linilis  antwis  obaoletis;  lir'ulis 
2.  sutundibiis ;  basi  prolongata,  striis  circiter  6  ornata; 
apertura  ovati;  columella  intorta,  panim  emnryinata. 
Long,  'h,  long.  spir.  '31,  Int.  -W^poll.  :  div.  18". 

Hfib.  Monterey,  Taylor.  —  Neeali  Bay,  Sican. 

Je  n  ni  vu  qn'un  seul  dchnnlillon  en  bon  ctat  de  cette 
espece.  Elle  a  la  taille  du  li.  plicalum,  A.  Ad.,  mais  la 
sculpture  de  la  base  est  diffcrenle. 

15.    ?BlTTIDM   QUADniFILATCM. 

?B.  t.  satis  tereti,  pallide  cinerea,  tenuiaculpta ;  anfr. 
niicleosis.primo  omnino  ca?lato,?sinistrali,  dein  2  IcevibuSy 
rotiindatis,  apice  quasi  mamillatn;  anfr.  normalibiis  7 
subplanatis;  suturis  valde  impressis,  baud  sculpt  is ;  cos- 
tulis  radiantibus  circ.  16-22,  angustis,  subrectis,  anfr. 
vlt.  crebrioribus,  suturam  versus  evanidis:  fits  spiralibus 
semper  cequalibus,  supra  spiram  4  angustis,  expressis, 
coslulas  transeuntibus ,  hand nodulosis;  f  lis  duabus  alteris, 
inter  qiias sutura  sita  est;  basi  tenue  striata;  columella 
intorta,  parum  effusa;  apertura  ovata;  labia  parvo,  labro 
tenui,  parum  arcuato.  Long.  "26,  long.  spir.  '\8,  lat.  "09, 
poll:  div.  25° 

II  il).  S.  Pedro,  Cooper.  — S.  Diego,  Cassidy. 

Dans  oetle  espece  et  dans  quclques  aulres  tres  voi- 
sinos,  les  B  aspcnim  et  li  armifla'um,  par  exempic,  le 
nucleus  est  tres- different  de  celui  des  Biltium  typiques. 
II  est  probable  qu'ellcs  n'appartiennent  pas  au  mftme 
genre. 

14.  Bauleeia  subtexuis. 

B.  t.  parva,  tenui,  interdum  subdiaphana,  rufo-cornea, 

anfr.  nucleosis  normalibus,  apice  submamillato;  normali- 

bus  4,  platuttis,  suturis  dislinctis;  basi  rotundata;  aper- 

311 


tura  subovata,  peritremate  continuo;  Inhro  acuto;  Inhio 
distincto,  lacunam  umbilicalem  formante;  columella  sub- 
amjulata  opercitlo  semilunato,  dense  rufovinoso,  subho- 
mogeneo,  hand  spirali,  rudi;  apophijsi  prcelonga  antice 
columellam  versus  exsiante.  Long.  -11,  long.  spir.  '07, 
lat.  -06,  poll. :  div.  40°. 

Hab.  S.  Diego,  Cassidj/:  sur  I'herbe,  Cooper.  —  Cape 
St. -Lucas,  Xautus.  —  Mazatlan,  Rngen. 

Si  i'on  juge  seulemenl  d'apres  !a  co(|iiiIIe,  on  ne  pent 
giiere  separer  cette  espece  dospetites  variclosdegradces  de 
VHydrobia  ulvce  d'Eiirope.  J'avais  rapporlt'  a  celle  espece 
qnelques  individus,  en  tres-mauvais  t'tal,  de  la  collection 
Reigen  (Maz.  Cat.,  n^ilT).  Mais  les  individus  frais  qui 
out  ete  recueillis,  grice  au  zele  du  docteur  Cooper,  pos- 
sedent  I'opercule  remarquable  des  Barlecia. 

15.  Bableeia  (?subtemis,  var.)  rimata. 

B.  t.  «  B.  subtenui  »  simili;  sed  paulum  lumidiore; 
anfructibus  minus  planat is;  rinia  umbiliculi  conspicua. 

Hab,  S.  Diego,  Cassidy,  Cooper. 

Peut-6tre  celte  forme  se  trouvera-t-olle  consliluer  une 
espece  dislincte,  lorsqu'elle  sera  mieux  connue. 

16.  Bableeia  haliotipiiila. 

B.  t.  parva,  turrita,  Icevi,  angustn,  tenui,  rufo-fusca; 
marginibus  spirce  subrectis;  anfr.  nucleosis  normnlibus, 
vertice  submamillato;  norm.  5  subplanatis,  suturis  dii 
tinctis;  busi  subplnnata,  obsolete  angulata;  a  per  tura  ova  la, 
peritremati  baud  continuo;  lubro  tenui;  labio  parum  cal- 
loso;  columella  vix  arcuata;  opercnlo  ut  in-  B.  subtenui  . 
Long.  "1,  long.  spir.  06,  lat.  Go,  div.  30". 

Hab.  Basse  Cnliforiiie,  sur  la  p.vrlie  dorsalc  d'une  Da- 

liolide,  Rowell. 

312 


If  ** 
+3    — 

Cette  espcce  est  voisinc  du  H.  siih(enu's  }  die  s'en  dis- 
tingue par  sa  taille  beaucoup  plus  pelile,  el  su  fonne  plus 
fiancee. 

17.  Drillia  torosa. 

D.  t.  acuminata,  loevi,  aurantio-fusca,  epidermide  au- 
rantio-olivacea  induta;  anfr.  nucleosis  ?...{detritis);  nor- 
malibus  7  tumidioribus,  sutui'is  planatis;  serie  una  tuber- 
culorum  vulidorum,  subrotundaiorum,  anfractu  penuU 
timo  8,  anfr.  ultimo  hand  obsolelis;  regione  sinus  parvi, 
rotundati  paulum  excavata;  regione  suturali  haud 
sculpta;  canali  longiore;  columella  recta;  labio  tenui;  labro 
acuta,  postice  sinuato.  Long.  '95,  long.  spir.  '55,  lot.  -3, 
poll.  :  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Monterey,  Taylor,  Cooper. 

Cette  espece,  ainsi  que  d'autres  PleurofomidcB  caWhr ■ 
nions,  appartient  a  un  groupe  parliciilier,  dont  le  D.  iner- 
mis.  Hinds,  peut  filre  consider^  comme  le  type.  Pent  etre 
ces  formes  seraienl-elles  mieux  placeesdans  le  sous-genre 
Clionella,  qui  est  vraiment  marin,  d'apres  les  observations 
du  docteur  Stimpson  sur  les  especes  du  cap  de  Bonne- 
Ksporance,  et  non  pas  Melanieii,  comme  I'a  suppose  le 
docteur  Gray,  et  romme  Tent  dit,  apres  lui,  MM.  Adams 
et  Chenu. 

18.  Drillia  (?torosa,  var.)  aurantia. 

D.  t.  «  D.  torosre  »  simili ,  sed  aurantia  ;  linea  suturali 
expressa;  interdum  spiraliter  sculpta.  Long.  '6,  long, 
spir.  -32,  lut.  -28,  poll.:  div.  38°. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Cassidy.  —  San  Pedro,  Cooper. 

Les  individus  dcs  localites  meridionides  etaienl  tous  en 

mauvais  6tat,  et  je  ne  suis  pas  encore  convaincu  qu'ilsap- 

parliennent  a  la  meme  espece. 

313 


—  146  — 

19.  DniLLIA    PEXICILLATA. 

D.  t.  •  D.  inermi  »  forma  et  indole  simili ;  sed  cinerca, 
rufo-fasco  dense  penicillata ;  lineolis  creberrimis,  inler- 
dum  diagonalibus,  seu  ziczucformibus,  seu  varie  inter- 
ruptis;  anfractibus  planatis,  plicato-costatis,  costulis  cir- 
citer  H,  ref/ione  sinus  minimi,  lati,  expansi  interruptis, 
postice  nodosis;  canali  effusa. — Long.  1'33,  long.  spir.  "To, 
lat.  '^2,  poll.  :  div.  25°. 

Kab.  Cerros  Is.,  basse  Californie,  Vealch. 

Tons  Ics  individiis  que  j'ai  vus  de  cette  espere  elaient 
excessivement  roulcs,  mais  on  pout  la  rcconnailre  Ires- 
facilement  a  sa  coloration  elegante. 

20.  ?  Dapiinella  aspera. 

?  D.  t.  parva,  tenui,  rufo-fiisca,  gracili,  angusta,  fust' 
formi,  epidermide  tenui  induta;  anfr.  nucleosis'i  Icevibus, 
rerlice  cantor lo ;  normalibus  {t.  adolescente)  i  elongatis, 
fenestratis,  suturis  distinctis ;  costulis  radinntibus  circi- 
tcr  13  angnslis,  acutis,  et  costulis  spiralibus,  in  spira 
3,  anfractu  ultimo  circiter  10,  angustis,  acutis,  radiantes 
superantibus ,  eleganter  decussata :  intersectionibus  subno- 
dalosis,  interstitiis  quadratis ;  apertura  elongata,  an- 
gusta, antice  effusa;  labro  postice  vix sinuato.  —  Long. 
'W,  long.  spir.  -09,  lat.  -08,  poll.:  div.  So". 

Hab.  Monterey,  Taylor. 

Je  n'ai  vu  de  celle  charmante  petite  coqiiille  qu'un 
seul  eclianlillon  Ires-frais,  mais  incompletement  adulte. 
Peut-filre  se  trouvera-t-elle  mieux  placee  dans  le  genre 
Milromorpha,  A.  Adams? 

2i.  Odostomia  straminea. 

0.  t.  •  0.  inflata;,  var.  elttiori  •  simili,  sed  multo  elo- 

314 


-  in  - 

tiore;  hand  inflata ,  epidermide  stnnnincn,  hnxid  striti- 
lata.  —  Lonrj.  '18,  long.  spir.  -OS,  lat.  •\,  poll.  :  div.  40  . 

Hab.  basse  Californie  (sur  la  parlie  dorsale  d'une  lla- 
liotide],  Howell.  —  Cnp  St. -Lucas,  Xanfus. 

On  peut  farilemcnt  di>linguer  cetle  espcce  tie  relies  du 
Nord  par  sa  spire  allongee  et  son  epiderme  d'un  jaune 
de  paille. 

22.    CUEMMTZIA    TRIDEXTAT.V. 

Ch,  t.  [quoad  genus)  magna,  compacta,  latiore;  casta- 
nca,  interdum  fasciis palUdioribus;  anfr.  nucleosis  3  heli~ 
coideis,  apice  conspicuo,  marginibus  spirce  rectis  parum 
superantibus ;  normalibus  W  subplanatis,  stituris  distinc- 
tit;  costis  rectis  acutis,  interdum  19,  interdum  24  tenusj 
haud  attingentibus,  circa  peripheriam  haud  subito  evani- 
dis ;  interstitiis  undatis,  eleganter  spiroliter  sulcatis ; 
sulculis  circiter  8-10,  costis  haud  superantibus;  apertura 
subquadrala ;  labro  intus  tridcntato;  columella  tortnosa; 
basi  rotundata, — Long.  "45,  long.  spir.  '3'i),lat.  '{2,  poll.: 
div.  16'. 

Hab.  Santa  Barbara,  Jewell.  — Piigct  Sound,  Keuner- 
ley  —  Monterey,  San  Pedro,  Cooper. 

Les  trois  dents  de  cette  belle  e^pece,  c.ichees  tout  a  fait 
a  rinterieur  de  rouverlure,  comme  dans  plusiciirsespeces 
du  genre  Obeliscus,  ont  ele,  pour  la  premiere  fois,  ob- 
83rvees  sur  un  individu  casse  et  roule  de  Santa  Barbara, 
Celui-ci  a  22c6tes;  celui  de  Monterey,  20;  celui  du  nord, 
19 ;  et  ceux  de  San  Diego,  24. 

23.  Chemmtzia  (?rar. )  acran'tia. 

Ch.  t. «  Ch.  chocolatce  »  simili,  sedmulto  minore,  latiore, 
haud  tereti,  aurantia;  anfr.  nucleosis?...  [detritis);  nor- 
malibus 7  planatiSf  suturis  impressis;  costulis  radianti- 

315 


—  tiS  — 

biut  circiter  26,  haud  expressis,  ad  pen'pheriam  evanidis, 
inti'rsti til's  late  iindatis;  liwolis  spimtibus  aistaneis  cre- 
berrimis  tola  superficie  ornata;  bast  subrotumlata;  colu- 
mella parum  torta;  apertura  ovatn;  lahro  temii,  acuta; 
labia  haud  conspicuo. — Long.  '23,  long.  spir.  '16,  lat.  "07, 
poll.:  div.  20*. 

Hab.  Santa  Barbara,  Jeicelt. — Pugel  Sound,  Kennerley. 

II  est  possible  qu'on  rtcnnnaisse  plus  tard  que  ce(te 
espere  est  le  jeune  3ge  du  Ch.  tridentala  :  elle  est  inter- 
mediaire  enlre  elle  et  le  Ch.  chocolala. 

24.    VOLUTELLA    PIRIFORMIS. 

V.  t.  parva,  «  V.  margaritxilce  »  simili ,  sed  aurantiaco 
pnllide  tincta  ;  antice  nngustiore,  magis  eUmgata  ;  labia 
conspicuo;  labro  postice  parum  sihii^ito.  intus  denticulis 
minus  expressis  arnato;  pUcis  columeilaribus  normalibuSf 
acuiioribus, — Long.  •\,  lat.  '065,  poll. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Cooper.  — California,  «  Pacific  Rail- 
way exploring  Expedition.  » 

Cette  espoce  ressemble  au  V.  margarilula  (Maz.  Cat., 
n"  589),  mais  elle  est  plus  allongce  en  avant.  Le  genre 
T'otu(6'i/a, Swainson  (non  d'Orbignj),  correspond  au  genre 
Closiade  Gray. 

23.  OciNEDRA  PouLSOM  (Nult.  ms.). 

0,  t.  turrita,  solida,  luteoalbida,  rufo- sanguine  o  spi- 
raliter  lineata;  vertvie  nucleosa  parvo,  Icevi,  parum  tu- 
mente  :  t.  juniore  rhomboidea,  haud  varicosa,  spira  pla- 
nata,  peripheria  subangulata,  canali  recta,  longiare,  la- 
bro intus  dentato,  labia  distincto,  subcallaso  :  t.  adulta, 
anfr.  7  primis  planatis,  posticis  tumidis ;  suturis  pla- 

natis,  sedarea  postica  concava;  costis  subvaricosis  crebris. 

316 


—  149  — 

tumentihus,  irregulnrihiis,  anfractu  ultimo  1,  circiter 
quinqiiies  suhtiodu.sis;  tola  super ficie  spiruliter  crrhre  in- 
sculpta  ;  sidcis  punctatis,  rufosanguineis ;  apertnrnovali; 
labro  acutiore,  dursaliter  tutnido,  varicose,  intus  dentibus 
validis  circiter  &  7nunito;  Inbio  solidc,  sub  suturam  dente 
valido  parietali  munito,  super  columellam  culloso;  canali 
breviore,  apcrto.  —  Lung.  85,  long.  spir.  '96,  lat.  '93, 
poll. :  div.  38<>. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Nullall.  —  Cerros  Is.,  Vealch.  — 
Santa  Barbara,  Jewell. 

Je  r.'ai  vu  que  trois  individiis  de  cette  belle  ospece  : 
I'un  d'eus,  qui  est  lypi(|ue,  porte  le  iiom  <le  u  liuccmum 
Pou'soni  »  dans  la  collection  Nultall  qui  fail  parlie  dii 
Musce  brilanriiqiie  :  un  serond,  tres-jeune,  el  d'un  as- 
pect fort  particulior,  blen  qu'il  >ippartienne  eviilemnicnt 
a  la  m6me  espece,  a  ele  recueilli  par  le  colonel  Jewel! , 
probablemenl  aSaula  Barbara  (mais,  d'apres  son  etiquette, 
a  Panama) :  enfin  celui  du  docteur  Vealch  provient  de  la 
basse  Californie,  el  il  est  en  Ires-mauvais  etat.  Le  premier 
a  ele  dessine  sur  hois  pour  liustilulion  Smithsonienne 
par  M.  Sowerby.  Comrne  celle  e>pece  Interessante  est 
presque  inconuue  en  France,  j'ai  cru  devoir  en  donner 
une  description  sufli^ammellt  precise.  p.  p.  c. 

317 


N. 


ON" 


THE  PLEISTOCENE  FOSSILS 


COLLECTED  BY 


COL.  E.  JEWETT.  AT  STA.  BARBARA,  CALIFORNIA  i 


•WITH 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SPECIES. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 


From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.     Third  Series,  Vol. 
XVII.,  pp.  274—278,  April,  1866. 


(319) 


[From  the  Anvals  Avn  Maoxzink  of  NATfUAi.  IIistort 
for  April  ISfJfi.J 


THE  PLEISTOCENE  FOSSILS 

COLLECTED  BY  Col.  E.  JEWETT  AT  Sta.  BARBARA,  CALIFORNIA| 

WITH 

DESCRIPTIONS    OF    NEW   SPECIES. 
PHILIP  p.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 


The  study  of  the  recent  and  tertiary  mollusks  of  the  west  coast 
of  America  is  peculiarly  iiitere^tiiis;  and  instructive,  for  the  fol- 
lowing reasons.  It  is  the  larjrest  unbroken  line  of  coast  in  the 
world,  extending  from  60°  X.  to  55°  S.,  witiiout  any  material 
salience  e:t«;ei)t  the  promontory  of  Lower  California.  Being 
flanked  by  an  almost  continuous  series  of  mountain-ranges,  the 
highest  in  the  New  World,  it  might  reasonably  be  supposed  that 
the  coast-line  had  been  separated  from  the  Atlantic  from  remote 
ages.  The  almost  entire  dissimilarity  of  its  faunas  from  those 
of  the  Pacific  Islands,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  an  immense 
breadth  of  deep  ocean  from  north  to  south,  marks  it  out  as  con- 
taining the  most  isolated  of  all  existing  groups  of  species,  both  in 
its  tro|)ical  and  its  temperate  regions.  When  we  go  back  in  time, 
we  are  struck  by  the  entire  absence  of  anything  like  the  boreal 
drift,  which  has  left  its  ice-scratchings  and  arctic  shells  over  so 
large  a  portion  of  the  '.emaining  temperate  regions  of  the  northern 
hemisphere,  and  also  by  the  very  limited  remains  of  what  can 
fairly  be  assigned  tc  the  Eocene  age.  The  great  bulk  of  the 
land  on  the  Pacific  slope  of  North  America  (so  far  as  it  is  not 
of  volcanic  origin)  appears  to  have  been  dejjosited  during  the 
Miocene  epoch.  Here  and  there  only  are  found  beds  whose 
fossils  agree  in  the  main  with  those  now  living  in  the  neigh- 
bouring seas.  To  trace  the  corrcspoudcuces  and  ditfereucea 
21  321 


3  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  Pleistocene  Fossils 

between  these  and  their  existing  representatives  may  be  expected 
to  present  results  analogous  to  those  now  being  worked  out 
with  sucli  discerning  accuracy  from  the  various  newer  beds  of 
modern  Kurope. 

The  Hrst  collection  of  Galifornian  fossils  seen  in  the  east  was 
made  near  Sta.  Barbara  by  Col.  E.  Jewett  in  1819;  but  no  ac- 
count was  publislied  of  them  before  the  list  in  the  British  Asso- 
ciation Report  (1803),  p.  539.  They  consist  of  forty-six  species, 
of  which  twenty-nine  are  known  to  be  now  living  in  the  Cali- 
fornian  seas,  and  others  may  yet  be  found  there.  Tlie  following 
ten  are  Vancouver  species,  some  of  which  may  travel  down  to 
the  northern  part  of  California : — 

Margarita  pupil/a,  Priene  Oregonensis, 

Ga/erus  ftistigiatus,  Trophon  Orpheus, 

Rittiuin  fitusum,  Clinjsodonius  carinaius. 

Lacuna  solidida,  C  tafjulatus,  and 

Nutica  clausa,  C.  dims. 

Some  of  these  are  distinctly  boreal  shells,  as  are  also  Crepidula 
grandis  (of  which  Col.  Jewett  obtained  a  giant,  3.t  inches  long, 
and  which  now  lives  on  a  smaller  scale  in  Kamtsehatka)  and 
Trophon  tenuisculptus  (whose  relations  will  be  presently  pointed 
out).  So  far,  then,  we  have  a  condition  of  things  differing  from 
that  of  the  present  seas,  somewhat  as  the  Red  Crag  differs  from 
the  Coralline.  But  in  the  very  same  bed  (and  the  shells  are  in 
such  beautiful  condition  that  they  all  appear  to  have  lived  on 
the  spot,  which  was  perhaps  suddenly  caused  to  emerge  by 
volcanic  agency)  are  found  not  only  tropical  species  which  even 
yet  struggle  northwards  into  the  same  latitudes  (as  Ckione 
svccincta),  but  also  species  now  found  only  in  southern  regions, 
as  Cardium  grnnifentm  and  Pecten  jloridus.  Besides  these, 
the  following,  unknown  except  in  this  bed,  are  of  a  distinctly 
tropical  type,  viz. : 

Opalia,  var.  insculpta.  '  Pisania  fortis. 

Chrijsallida,  sp. 

From  a  single  collection  made  only  at  one  spot,  in  a  ?c\v 
weeks,  and  from  tke  very  fracmentarv  information  to  be  derived 
from  the  collections  of  the  Pacific  Railway  surveys  (described  by 
Mr.  Conrad,  and  tabulated  in  the  Brit,  Assoc.  Report,  1803, 
pp.  589-596),  it  would  be  premature  to  draw  inferences.  \Ve 
shall  await  with  great  interest  the  more  complete  account  to  be 
given  by  Mr.  Gabb  in  the  Report  of  the  California  Geological 
Survey.  With  the  greatest  urbanitv,  that  gentleman  has  sent 
his  doubtful  Pleistocene  fossils  to  the  writer,  to  lie  compared 
Aith  the  living  fauna;  but  it  would  be  unfair  here  to  give  any 


from  Sta.  Barbara,  California.  8 

account  of  them,  except  that  they  coiiticin  the  foregoing  state- 
ments in  their  gener.il  character. 

The  following  are  diagnoses  of  the  new  species  in  Col.  Jewett's 
collection. 

Turritella  Jeweltii. 

T.  testa  sati*  tereti,  haml  tenni,  cineroa  nifo-fn^co  tincta  ;  anfr. 
subjilanatis,  siituris  distinctis;  linilis  distaiitihiis  (([uanun  t.  jun. 
diiae  extantiores)  et  striolis  subobsolelis  (i[>iralil)us  cincta ;  basi 
parum  angulata ;  apertura  subquadrata  ;  lai)ro  teuui,  niodice  si- 
nuato. 

Hub.  Sta.  Barhara,  Pleistocene  formation  [Jewett).  San  Diego, 
on  beach  [Cussidy). 

This  species  comes  nearest  to  T.  sanr/idnea,  Rve.,  from  the 
Gulf,  but  differs  in  the  faintness  of  the  sculpture.  Mr.  Cassidy's 
specimens  may  be  washed  fossils,  or  very  poor  recent  shells. 

Biltium  "iai^perum. 

B.  testa  B.  qundrifilato  forma,  magiiitndine,  et  indole  simili,  sed 
scu'iptura  intcnsiore  ;  eodr-m  vertice  nncleoso  abiiormali ;  sod,  vice 
filorum,  costulis  spiralibus  costas  s|)irales  suijerautiijiis,  suljiiodu- 
losis ;  t.  jun.  costulis  ii.  anticis  niajoribus,  alteris  iniuimi.*  ;  |)ostea 
pleruiiKjue  iv.  sul)te(pialibus,  interduui  iii.  interdum  aliis  inter- 
cnlautibus ;  sculptura  basali  intensiore ;  costis  radiaiitibus  sub- 
arcuatis. 

?  =:  Turboailla  a/^pera,  Gabb,  in  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila- 
delphia, 18G1,  p.  3(i8. 

Hdb.  Sta. Barbara,  fossil  in  Pleistocene  beds;  abundant  (7i°//W/'l. 
S.  Pedro,  S.  Diego,  Catalina  Is.  30-J.O  fms.  [Cooper),  State  Col. 
no.  591  c. 

Mr.  Gabb  informs  me  that  his  Turbonilla  aspera  is  a  Bif/ium. 
Unfortunately  the  type  is  not  accessible;  and  as  the  (Uagnosis 
would  tit  several  closely  allied  species,  it  cannot  be  said  with 
precision  to  which  it  rightfully  applies.  As  this  is  the  com- 
monest of  the  group,  it  is  presumed  that  it  is  the  "  Turbonilla'* 
intended.  Should  the  type,  however,  be  recovered,  and  prove 
distinct,  this  shell  should  take  the  name  of  B.  rurjntnin,  under 
which  I  wrote  the  diagnosis,  and  which  was  unfortunately 
j)rintcd  in  the  Brit.  Assoc.  iU'port,  p.  539.  The  fossil  specimens 
are  in  much  better  condition  than  the  recent  shells  as  vet  dis- 
covered. 

Bittium  armilhttwn, 

B.  testa  B.  aspero  simili ;  anfr.  nncl.  ii.  hevibus,  tnmentibns,  vertice 
deelivi,  celato  ;  dein  anfr.  ix.  nonnalibns  planatis,  suturisiinpressis; 
t.  adolescente  seriebus  nodiilorum  tribus  spiralibus  cxtantibus, 
supra  costas  iustrnetis;  co-^tis  radiantibus  circ.  xiii.  fere  paralleli.-, 


4  Br.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  Pleistocene  Fussils 

serichns,  a  sutnris  sepsratis,  spiram  ascenrlcntibus ;  t.  arlnlfa, 
costulis  spiralibus,  interdum  iv.,  intercalantihus  ;  costulis  ratliaiiti- 
bus  crebprrimis;  costis  suturalibus  ii.  validis,  baud  nodosis :  basi 
efi"ii>a,  liris  rirc.  vi.  ornata ;  apertura  subquadrata;  labro  labiuque 
tenuibus ;  columella  vixtorsa,  effusa,  vix  emargiiiata. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  Pleistocene,  1  sp.  {Jewel f).  S.  Pedro, 
S.  Diego  {Cooper). 

The  scul|)tare  resembles  Ccrithiopsis ',  but  the  columella  is 
pinched,  not  notched. 

Opnlia  {?crennfoides,  var.)  inscufpta. 

O.  testa  O  rrp))nti>i(lei  simili ;  sed  costis  radiantibus  pluribus,  xiii.— 
XVI.,  in  spira  validis ;  ant'r.  ult.  obsolctis ;  sculj)tiira  spirali  nulla ; 
puuctis  fiuturalilms  minus  impressis,  circa  fasciam  basalem  Isevem 
postice,  uoH  antice  coutinuis. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  Pleistocene,  1  sp.  {.Teivett). 

Vcrv  closely  related  to  O.  crenatoides,  now  living  at  Cape 
St.  Lucas,  and,  with  it,  to  the  Portuguese  O.  crenata.  It  is 
quite  possible  that  the  three  forms  had  a  common  origin. 

Trophon  temtisciilpfus. 

T.  testa  T.  Barricensi  simili,  sed  sculfitura  minus  cxtante ;  vertice 
nuclt'oso  miuimu  ;  anfractibus  uno  et  diniidio  Isevibus,  apice  acute; 
normalilius  v.,  tuuiidis,  postice  sul)angulatis.  suturis  impres?is  ; 
costis  radiantibus  x.-xiv.,  plenmique  xii.,  liRud  varicof'is,  nir<rustis, 
obtusis  ;  liris  spiralibus  niiijoribu!*,  distantibus,  quarum  ii.-iii.  in 
spira  monstrautur,  aliis  intcrcalaiitibus,  supra  co^las  ladiantes 
undatim  transcuntibus ;  tota  sujxificie  lirulis  incrrmcuti,  ^upra 
liras  sjiiralcs  scjuiuuosis,  elegauter  oniata ;  canali  longiore,  sub- 
recta,  vix  clausa  ;  labro  acutiore,  postice  et  iiitus  iucras^.tto,  dtuti- 
bus  circ.  v.  munito  ;  labio  conspicuo,  Isevi ;  columella  torsa. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  Pleistocene  formation  {Jewett). 

This  very  elegant  shell  is  like  the  least-sculptured  forms  of 
T.  Barviccnsis,  from  which  it  appears  to  differ  in  its  extremely 
small  nucleus.  It  is  very  closely  related  to  T.jinibriatu'us,  A.  Ad., 
from  Japan,  but  differs  ii  '<xture,  and  is  regarded  by  Mr.  Adams 
as  distinct.  It  stands  on  the  confines  of  the  _  lus,  there  bt;iug 
a  slight  columellar  twist,  as  in  Peridenda, 

Pisania  fortis. 

P.  testa  P.  insiffni  simili,  sed  solidiore;  crnssissimn,  sculptura  valde 
impressa  ;  antr.  iioim.  v.,  paium  roluiidatis,  suturis  distinctis; 
costis  radiantibus  t.  juuiore  circ.  xii.,  obtusis,  parum  ex|)ressis, 
postea  obsoletis ;  liris  ^pirnlibus  validis,  crebris  (((uaruni  t.  juniore 
v.,  postea  X.,  in  spira  mouslrautur),  subeequahbus,  auticis  niajuii- 

324 


r, 


J 


'rom  Sta.  Barbara,  California. 


bus;    ranali   rccurvata  ;    lacuna  umhilicali   masna ;  •  labro  intus 
crebrilirato  ;  labio  conspicuo,  spiraliter  rugose  lirato. 

Hub.  Sta  Barbara,  Pleistocene  formation  [Jewett). 

Col.  Jewett's  single  specimen  is  in  very  fine  condition,  and  is 
confirmed  by  a  fragment  obtained  by  Mr.  Gabb,  the  pala;onto- 
loirist  to  the  California  State  Survey.  Althoiiu;h  resemblinj' 
Purjttira  aperia  and  congeners  in  the  irregular  rugose  folds  of 
the  labium,  and  Sip/wiuilia  in  the  strongly  bent  canal,  Mr.  II. 
Adams  considers  that  its  affinities  are  closest  with  the  Catdharus 
group  of  Pisania.  That  genus  is  extremely  abundant  in  the 
tropical  fauna,  but  does  not  now  live  in  California.  It  is  the 
only  distinctly  tropical  shell  in  the  whole  collection;  and  its 
presence,  along  with  so  many  boreal  species  and  types,  appears 
somewhat  anomalous,  like  the  appearance  of  Valuta  and  Cassi- 
daria  in  the  Crag  fauna.  It  is  distiniiuished  from  the  extreme 
forms  of  /*.  insifjuis  by  having  the  s|)iral  lirse  pretty  ecjually  dis- 
tributed over  the  early  whoils,  by  the  close  internal  ribbing  of 
the  labrum,  by  the  absence  of  the  stout  posterior  irietal  tooth, 
and  by  the  great  development  of  the  columellar  tuids. 

Note. — Unfortunately,  during  the  long  interval  which  has  elapsed 
between  the  transmission  of  the  MS.  and  receipt  of  the  j)roof,  the 
types  have  been  returned  to  the  owner,  and  (with  tlie  remainder  of 
Col.  Jewett's  invaluable  collection  of  fossils)  have  beconje  the  pro- 
perty of  a  college  in  New  York  State.  As  they  are  |)acked  in  l)o\es, 
and  at  present  inaccessible,  I  am  unable  to  give  the  mea?urenients ; 
but  the  unique  specimens  were  drawn  on  wood  by  Mr.  Suwerby  for 
the  Saiithsuuiau  lustiiutiou. — P.  P.  C,  Montreal,  Feb.  '12,  1866. 

325 


INDEX  OF  SPECIES. 


JV.  B.    Thr.  iiitmhers  icitlioiit  cajiitiils  refiir  to  the  foot-paging  in  this  volume: 
those  icilh  cdpiluU  to  the  original  works  i^iiottd  in  the  list,  O—X. 


Acanthocbites  ) 
Acanthochiton ) 

achates,  7-. 

avicula,  9S,  136. 

anagouites,  loS,  0  252,  0  318, 
P  1 98. 
Acanthopleura 

Culitoriiica,  135. 

lliixa,  9S,  135, 

ruusoosa,  16. 
Acar 

grailata,  69. 
Achatiua 

Albursi,  P  175,  0  2S7. 

Califoruica,  59. 

comilaris,  O  287. 

coronata,  O  295. 

cylindracea,  O  2S6. 

fusiformis,  0  285. 

Isabelliua,  0  2S6. 

Liebinanui,  0  295. 

octona,  44. 

puluhella,  P  177. 

Sowerbyana,  0  2S6, 

streptostyla,  0  295. 

tortillana,  O  286. 

turris,  59,  P  I7S. 

zebra,  P  176. 
Acicula 

turris,  P  I7S' 
Acila 

insignis,  73. 

castrensis,     88,    91,     98,     130, 
165. 

Lyalli,  130. 


Acirsa 

borealis,  245. 
Eschrichtii,  310. 
meiiesthoides,  104,  217. 
Aclis 

ascaris,  P  438. 

fusiformis,  O  260,  0  335,  P  437, 
tumens,  O  260,  0  335,  P  43S. 
Acmeea 

ffiruginosa,    19,   84,    0    2S3,    O 

319- 
ancylus,  0  174,  0   215,  P  208, 

V  221. 
fancyloides,  19,  0  215. 
Antillarum,  P  203,  O  364. 
Asmi,  19,  23,  136. 
atrata,  27,  104,  152,  213. 
biradiata,  268 
cantharus,  214. 
cassis,  7,  0  173,  O  178,  0  290, 

O  319,  O  348. 
far.  cinis,  O  233. 
Cfeca,  19. 

cribraria,  16,  0  211,  0  319. 
diaphana,  0  319. 
digitalis,  7,  136,  0  174,  0  319. 
discors,  60. 
dorsuosa,  72. 
fascicularis,     108,    268,   0    233, 

0  239,  O  252,  O  319,  0  351, 

O  364,  P  203,  P  206,  P   210, 

P546. 
fimbriata,  O  319. 
floccata,  268. 
(?floccata,  var.)  filosa,  267. 

(13)         ' 


14 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Acmasa 

(?ll()ucata,  tar.)  subrotunda,  37, 
268, 

gigantea,  0  229,   O  233,  0  297. 

gramlis,  O  2S2,  O  283,  O  297, 
0319,0351. 

instabilis,  0  212. 

Kochii,  O  229,  O  233. 

var.  Hmulata,  26,  136,  151. 

liveacens,  0  319. 

niamillata,  7,  O  173,  0  199, 
O  215,  V  222. 

marmorea,  0  173,  O  199,  0  215, 
V  222. 

Mazatlaiidica,  0  319. 

niesoleuca,  16,  24,  27,  104,  197, 
214,  O  208,  0  209,  0  229, 
0  233,  0  239,  O  241,  O  252, 
0  276,  0  2S3,  O  319,  0  348, 
0  352,  O  366,  P  203,  P  206, 

p  208,  p  210,  p  546. 

xnitflla,  24,92,  loS,  0236,0319, 
0  252,  0  291,  0  364,  P  210, 

P  538. 
mitia.O  173,0177,0199,0212, 

O  213,  0  215,  V  222. 

mouticola,  72. 

var.  uioiiticula,  72. 

mutabilis,  0  239,  O  252,  P  203, 
P  205,  P  206,  P  546. 

Oregona,  170, 0  229,0  233, 0  240. 

paleacea,  0  227,  0  229,  U  204. 

patiua,  16,  23,  48,  48,  49,  69,  72, 
92,  104,  136,  170,  214,  0  173, 
O  174,0  190,  O  198,0  199, 
0  209,  0  215,  0  219,  0  229, 
O  233,  O  252,  O  290,  0  291, 
O  319,  0  347,  0  348,  0  351, 
O353,  P203,  P  207,  V  221. 

pelta,  16,  19,  23,  26,  48,  49,  84, 
92,  136,  214,309,0  162,0173, 
0  199,  0  223,  O  291,0  319, 
V  221. 

persona,  16,  19,  23,  26,  84,  136, 

151, 170,0  174, 0  175,0  199, 

0  229,  0  233,  O  252,  0  291, 


Acmaea 

o  348,0  351,0  353,  P  208, 

V  221. 

personoidea,    0   215,  0   319,   P 

203, 
pileolus,  0  215,  0  319. 
(?pileolus,  var.)  rosacea,  136. 
pintadina,  92,  0  229,  O  233, 
radiata,  O    174,  0    215,  P   208, 

V  221. 
rosacea,  100,  136. 

scabia,  13,  23,  26,  84,  136,  151, 
O  199,  O  213,  O  229,  0  233, 
0  252,  O  282,  O  319,  0  349, 
0351,0352,0353,  V222. 

scurra,  O  190,  0  215,  V  222. 

scutum,  19,  170,0  173,0  190, 
0   215,  O    219,  P  207,  P  209, 

V  221,  V   222. 

?Sieboldi,  69. 

spectrum,  16,  23,  26,  84,  136, 
151,  O  199,  0  213,  0  229, 
O  233,  0319,0351,  V  222. 

striata,  O  319,  0  360. 

strigatella,  152,  214,  268. 

strigillata,  104. 

subrotundata,  268. 

tessellata,  0  229,  0  233. 

testudinalis,  92,  O  219,  0  366, 
P  - 

textiliii..,  0  213,  0  319. 

var.  textilis,  151. 

toreuma,  O  319,  0  349. 

var.  umbonata,  136. 

vernicosa,  24,  268. 

verriculata,  O  229,  O  233. 

vespertina,  268,  0  319. 

(?vespertina,    far.)     Ternicosa, 

37- 
virginea,  136. 

Acrolozus 

Nuttalli,  161. 
Acrybia 

aperta,  7i> 
Actinia 

Candida,  Q  235. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


15 


Actinocyclus 

isaudiegeiisis,  94. 
ActinoboluB 

bureiilid,  70. 

ventrifosus,  17. 
Acua 

luctiiosus,  P  387. 
Adamsiella 

O.-beiti,  44. 
Adeorbis 

abjeotus,  iSS,  190,  O  273. 

8cab«r,  O  295,  O  322,  P  354. 

Verrauxii,  62. 
Admete 

arctica,  71,  0  329. 

crispa,  O  217. 

viriiiula,  71,0  329 
Adrana 

lauceolata,  131. 
Adula 

ciuuamomea,  38,  237. 

falcata,  21,  26,  130,  237, 

parasitica,  237. 

soleniformis,  236. 

stylina,  85,  113,  130,  155,  237. 
^gopsis 

cultellata,  159. 
iEneta 

barpa,  1 10. 
iEolis 

iodinea,  94,  95. 

Barbarensis,  95. 

opalescens,  94,  95. 

pinnata,  0  313. 
Agaronia 

Liatula,  O    177,  O    366,  P   472, 

P473- 
Steerioe,  O  366. 
testacea,  24,  28,  153,  155,  178, 

O   340,  0   282,  O  366,  P  272, 

P473- 
Aglala 

fidelis,  157. 
infutnata,  157. 
Akera 

culcitella,  0  227,  U  203. 


Alaba 

alabastrites,  0   257,   0   327,    P 

368. 
couica,   O    257,   O    327,    P   vi., 

P368. 
lagmicula,    O    257,    O    32S,    P 

369- 
mutans,  0   257,  O   328,  P  367, 

P  369,  P  370. 
scalata,  O  257,  0  327,  P  36S. 
supialirata,    109,    259,   O    257, 

O  327,  O  364,  P  366,  P  367, 

P  369,  P  530. 
terebrans,    109,  0    257,  0   327, 

P367. 
tervaricosa,  0  364. 
violacea,  0  257,  O  327,  P  367. 
Alasmodon 


} 


Alasmodonta 

ari-uata,  O  211. 

falcata,  85,   120,  O  210,  0  211, 
O  212,  O  213,  O  234,  0  310.     . 
niargarifera,  nir.  O  210. 
YubaiJusis,  117,  120. 
Aletes 

ceutiquadrus,  24,  27,  37,  42,  43, 
loS,  194,  O  324,  0  255,  0  275, 
P  301,  P  306. 
Tcentiquadrus,  rar.    imbricatus, 

42,  0  255,  P  303. 
margaritaruiii,42,0  255,  0  324, 

P  303. 
Perouii,  0  282,  0  324. 
squamigerus,  43,  O   200,  O   233, 

o  324,  o  349,  P  303.  P  304, 

I  V  226. 

Alora 

I  Gouldii,  24,  40. 

Alvanis. 

eflFusa,  0  257,  0  327,  P  359. 
excurirata,  O  257,  O  327,  P  359, 

P360. 
filosa,  114,  142,  241. 
inconspicua,  0  327. 
reticulata,  iHi  i42|  241. 
terebellum,  0  327. 


le 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Alvanla 

tuiuida,  36,    109,    189,   0    327, 

O  357.  P  359,  P  i<^' 

turrita,  O  327. 
Amalia 

ouluiiibiana,  159. 
Amaltbea 

eflFodiens,  R  5- 

Grayaiia,  P  299,  R  4. 

Paiiauiellbis,  P  297,  R  3. 
Amiantis 

callosa,  22,  26,  39,  106,  126, 151, 
279. 
Amicula 

vestita,  71. 
Amnicola 

IliuUsii,  90. 

longiiKjua,  79,  162,  0  283,  325. 

Nuttalliana,  84,  162. 

proteH,  79,  162,  0  283,  O  325. 

seiuinalis  84. 
Amphidesma  (=:Semele) 

bicolor,  203,  O  279. 

Californicum,  O  2S9. 

corbuloid«3,  0  222. 

corrugatum,  62, 

decisum,  0  195,  O  22S,  V  213. 

ellipticum,  39,  203,  O  279. 
.     flavescens,  O  226,  U  199. 

nucleolus,  P  108. 

physoides,  P  105. 

proximum,  39,  62,  203,  0  279, 
O  2S9,  P  28. 

pulchrum,  203,  O  188,  0  280. 

punctatum,  0  182. 

roseum,  0  195,  O  228,  V  213. 

rubrolineatum,  0  195,  V  212. 

rupium,  0  182. 

striosum,  39,  203,  0  280. 

tortuosum,  203,  0  280. 

venustum,  P  28. 

ventrioosiim,  39,  203,  0  280. 
Amphichaena 

Kindermanni,  O  297. 

regularis,  104,  210. 


I  Amphitbalamus 

i  iiitlusud,  2^,  100,  142,  283. 

lacunatas,  99,  143. 
AmpuUaria 

cerasum,  0  291. 

Cohiuibieusis,  155,0291. 

Cumiugii,  0  179,  0  291,  O  326. 

nialleata,  O  295,  O  326. 
Amusium 

cauiiiium,  22,  70,  73,  74,  Si,  131, 
165,  169. 
Amycla 

Califurniana,  23,  14S. 

clirysalloidea,  99,  148. 

coruiculala,  2S8. 

gausapala,  23,  25,  76,  114,  148, 

149- 
Gouldiana,  53. 
uiiiiur,  288. 

tubeiosa,  23,  25,  114,  148,  2S8. 
andata,  99,  148. 
Anachis 

albonoJosa,  0  263,  O  343,  P  513. 

atrameutaiia,  iSo,  0361,0344. 

aurillua,  112. 

azora,  O  225. 

Californica,  25. 

conspicua,  iSo,  0  269,  0  344. 

coronata,  25, 112, 151, 155, 0  263, 

O  171,0343,  P5oS,P  5.3. 
costellata,  25,  i8o,0  210, 0  225, 

O  263,  0  343,  0  364  P  506, 

P507. 
fcostellata,  var.  O  263, 
(?costellata,  lar.)  pacbyderma, 

0  263,  P  507. 
costulata,  0  363. 
diiuinuta,  25,  iSo,  O  269,  O344. 
fulva,  180,  0  263,  0  283,  0  343, 

P509. 
fluctuata,  25,  59,  61,  180,  0  344. 
fuscostrigata,  105,  221. 
Gaskoinei,  20, 53, 112,260,0263, 

O343,  P511. 
fttcilis,  180,  0  344. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


IT 


Anachls 

Guatemalensis,  35,  iSi. 

leutiginotia,  O  344. 

lyrata,  25,  5        So,  0  344. 

maculosa,  0 

maesta,  iSi,  o  .70, 0  344,  P  509. 

nigricans,  25,  iSi,  0  344,  0  361, 

P  509. 
nigiofusea,  O  263,  0  343,  P  509. 
nucleolus,  O  343. 
pallida,  112,  0  343. 
parva,  0  344. 
?penicillata,  23,  150,  2SS. 
pygmaea,  25,  35,112,  181,0263, 

0343,0363,?  510,  P511. 
pvginrea,  rar.  0  2S4,  P  510. 
pulchrior,  112. 
rufotincta,   34,  0    263,   0    343, 

P5U- 

rugosa,  25,59,  181,0283,0344. 
rugulosa,  O  361,0  344. 
scalarina,  35,  iSo,  0  263,  0  343, 

P505. 

serrata,  U2,  260,  0  343,  0  263, 
P  509. 

subturrita,  99,  150. 

terpsicliort!,  0  364. 

te^selata,  O  270,  0  344. 

tiiiota,  105,  221. 

taeniata,  112,  260,  0  343. 

vaiia,  25,  iSi,  0  344,  P  507. 
Anatina 

alta,  39,  204,  0  280. 

aigentaria,  0  231. 
Anculosus 

Nuttalli,  162. 
Ancylus 

caurinus,  85,  161. 

crassus,  161. 

fragilis,  161. 

Kootaniensis,  90,  161. 

Newberryi,  161. 

Nuttalli,  85. 

patelloides,  120,  161. 
Anellum 

anuulatum,  X  442, 
2 


Anellum 

clathratum,  0  256,  0  324,  X  442. 

elegautissimuin,  X  443. 

felegautisbiuiuiu,  tar.    Searles- 
Woodii,  X  443. 

eloiigatum,  0  256, 0  324,  X  442. 

-^^—  var.  seuiilaeve,  X  442. 

firmatum,  0  256,  O  324,  X  442. 

Floridanum,  X  442. 

gracile,  X  443. 

gurgulio,  X  442. 

?parvum,  0  324. 

pulchelluui,  X  442. 

quadratuiu,  0  256,  0  324,  X  442. 

I  ? car.  couipactuin,  X  442. 

j  regulare,  X  443. 

!  subiiupressum,  0    256,  0    324, 

X  442. 

trachea,  X  442. 

? V(ir.  obsoletum,  X  442. 

tuiuiduiii,  X  442. 

undatum,  0  256,  0  324,  X  443. 
Angulus 

aiiiplectans,  155,  272, 

decuiubens,  271. 

Gouldii,  125,  151,  300. 

modestus,  88,  125,  167. 

obtusus,  125,  235. 

tener,  88,  125,  167. 

variegatns,  97,  113,  125,  235. 
Anodon  (=:AnodODta) 

augulata,  17,  18,  86,  92,  120, 
164,  O  206,  0  210,  0  212, 
O  297,  0  309. 

auatina,  O  222. 

anseriua,  P  117. 

atrovirens,  0  295,  0  309.  * 

Californiensis,  77. 

cellensis,  0  222. 

cicoiiia,  0  170,  0  232,  O  227, 
O  309,  O  248,  P  H7,  U  202. 

cognata,  17,  91,  0  210,  O  212, 
O310. 

cornea,  O  295,  O  309. 

feminalis,  17,  86,  120,  0  210, 
0  212,0  213,0309. 


18 


INDKX    OF    Sl'ECIES. 


Anodonta 

glaiica,  27,   30,   0    170,  0   227, 

0248,030.;,?  117,  P  550. 
Leri-iilea,  O  222. 
implii-ata,  P  1 17. 
Moiitezutiia,  O  265. 
Nicaragufe,  0  295,  0  309. 
Nuttalliaiia,     91,    164,    O     197, 

O  211,  O  309,  V  21S. 
Oregonensis,     17,    86,    91,    164, 

O     197,     O   213,    0    309,    V 

218. 
Randalli,  117,  120. 
rotundovata,  117,  120. 
siuuata,  P  i  17. 
siiiuo.sa,  1'  117. 
triangularis,  1 17. 
triangulata,  120. 
Wahlainateiisis,  86,  91,92,  120, 

164,  O  197,0  309,  V  218. 
Anomala 

Cuiningii,  O  287. 
inllata,  O  287. 
insignia,  O  2S7. 
Anomalocardia 

flesuo.sa,  O  364,  P  79. 
suUmbricata,  23,  27,  38,  43,  55, 

106,  201,  O  170,  O  247,  0  2S2, 

O  306,  P  79,  P  80. 
8ubrago:-a,  23,  201,  O  229,0  232, 

O  241,  O  247,  0  282,  0  306, 

o  364,  P  79. 

Anomia 

Adamas,  O  1S6,  O  312,  0  359. 
ephippium,  O  222. 
fidenas,  O  186,  O  312. 
lampe,  24,  27,  38,  132,   151,  154, 

195,  19S,  O  192,  O  20S,  O  241, 

O   250,  0    277,  0   281,  O  286, 

O  312,  P  167. 
macroschisraa,  85,0  203,  0  218, 

O  221,  O  222. 
ollvacea,  72, 
patelliformis,  O  218. 
RufBni,  76, 
subcostata,  76,81. 


Anomia 

tenuis,  38,  198,  O  277,  O  312. 
Apleza 

aurautia,  P  179,  P  iSo. 
data,  P  I  So. 
bypnorniu,  P  179. 
Maugera;,  P  iSo. 
Pernviaua,  P  iSo. 
Aphrodite 

loluuiba,  47. 
Aplysia 

Califoruiua,  95. 
Area 

aequilatera,  0  i. 
alteruata,  200,  O  229,  0  277. 
Auiericaua,  O  249,  P  139. 
arata,  75. 
auricnlata,  O  277. 
aviculoiiles,  3S,  200,  0  277. 
barbata,  var.  P  140. 
bicolorata,  P  140. 
bifrons,  0  249,  O  310,  P  134. 
Braziliana,  O  2S9. 
brevifrons,  136,  O  249,  O  310. 
canalis,  So. 

cardiiforniis,0  285,0289,0  310. 
clathrata,  O  249,  P  142,  P  143, 
concinna,  O  183,  O  229,  O  310. 
congesta,  80. 
devincta,  O  367. 
Domingensis,  O  249,  P  142, 
donaciformis,  O  249,  P  142. 
emarginata,  200,  0    183,  0  249, 

O  277,  O  310,  P  137. 
formoaa,  0  183,  O  234,  0  310. 
fusca,  O  243,  P  140. 
gradata,  200,  0  I75,0  229,0278, 

P  141. 
grandis,   23,   85,    153,  200,  260, 

0    I,  0    160,  O    175,  O    183, 

0    208,  0   226,  O   229,  O  234, 

O  249,  O  ^278,  0   366,  P    132, 

P  134. 
hemicardinm,    0    234,    O    249 

O  278,  P  136. 
Helbingii,  62,  0  278. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


19 


Area 

illota,  rar.  O  278. 
irabriuata,  O  249,  P  139. 
incougrua,  O  249,  P  134,  P  I33- 
labiata,  O    1S3,  O    249,  0    310, 

O  3(':>.  P  '34. 
labiosa,  O  249,  P  134. 
yiuri'la,  0  226. 
microiloiita,  75. 
niulticoslata,    27,    85,  102,  107, 

130,  260,  O  1S3,  O  234,  O  249, 

O  310,  P  134,  P  136. 
mutabilis,  200,  P  139. 
mix,  0  229,  O  310. 
Obisjwana,  Si. 
fovata,  O  236,  P  538. 
Pacifica,  O  229,  O  282. 
pectiniforniis,  10,  0  17S,  0  289. 
p«rnoides,  O  283,  O  351. 
pholadiformis,  38,  200,  0  278. 
pusilla,  P  142. 
quadrilatera,  O  183. 
Reeviaiia,  62,  200,  0  278,  O  310. 
reversa,    200,    0    234,    0    278, 

O  249,  0  310,  P  136. 
senilis,  31,  0  366,  P  132. 
setigera,  P  140. 
si  mi  lis,  38,  200,  0   229,  0   249, 

O  27S,  P  135. 
golida,  O  226,  0  278. 
squamosa,  P  142. 
?.>quamosa,  62,  O  249. 
Tabogensis,  200,  0    249,  O   278, 

P  141. 
trilineata,  80. 

trapezia,  14,  O  202, 0  249,  P  550. 
tuberculosa,    14,    23,    38,    200, 

O    183,  O  202,  O  229,  0   234, 

0  249,  0  278,  O  310,  P  135. 
umbonata,  P  142. 
vespertilio,  0  226. 
Arcopagia 

biplicata,  80,  81. 
latnellata,  97,  125. 
medialis,  80. 
unda,  81. 


Arcturus 

rudis,  9. 
Argina 

bievifrotis,  31,  154. 
A  rgobuccinum 

cancellatiiin,  33,  0  338. 

Clu-ninitzii,  O  33S. 

iiodosum,    1S2,    0    261,   O    270, 
O  367,  O  338,  P  454,  V  209. 

Oregoiien.ae,  O  338. 

scaliruin,  O  338. 
Argonauta 

arg".  99,  "2,  150. 

Iiians,  153. 

rar.  papyracea,  112. 
Arianta 

arrosa,  157. 

Ayresiana,  158. 

Bridge.sii,  158. 

Call  fori) iensis,  1 58. 

Carpt'iiteri,  1 58. 

Dupetitbouarsi,  158. 

exarata,  158. 

intercisa,  158. 

levis,  158. 

Mormoiuini,  15S. 

Nickliniana,  157. 

ramentosa,  15S. 

rcdiniita,  157. 

reticulata,  158. 

Towusendiaiia,  157. 

Traskei,  158. 

tudiculata,  157. 
Aricia 

Arabiea,  11,  P  374. 

arabicula,  27,  109,  176,  0  258, 
0  328,  P  373,  P  374. 

caput-serpentis,  P  374. 

obvelata,  P  374. 

puiietulata,  24,    109,    155,    176, 
O32S. 
Arion 

foliatus.  159,  0  313. 

foliolatus,  O  210. 
Artemis 

Dunkeri,  201,0  224,0278,?  61. 


20 


INDEX    OF    SPEriEB. 


Artemis 

gi«;uit»»a,  60,  O  352. 
riiLilk-a,  O  278. 
poiiilerosa,  (■>o,  O  2S9,  P  ''to. 
Baccata,  201, 0  227,  O  240,  O  278, 

P62,  S  161,  U  201. 
simplex,  O    1S6,  O    246,  O    278, 

0  2S7,  pru. 

suliquailrata,  0  186,  P  62. 

t.iini-i.  O  2S1. 
?ABsiininea 

dnbiosa,  0  275. 

siilirotiindata,  114,  142,  241. 
Astarte 

Banksii,  0  178, 

borealis,  0  219. 

coinpacta,  SS,  12S,  ifiS. 

coinpressa,  SS,  12S,  O  223,  P  162. 

corbis,  236. 

corrugata,  0  219,  O  223,  0  306, 

0  347- 

crassi<lens,  O  175,  O  347. 

Dannioniensis,  O  223. 

I*>iiniiiialti,  128, 

fliK-tuata,  97,  128. 

tiarensis,  O  221. 

laotea,  20,  71,  72,  0  175,  0  219, 
O  221,  0  347. 

Oinalii,  128. 

oiiiaria,  97. 

orbicularis,  128,  236. 

Scotica,  20,  O  219,  O  221,  O  223. 

spmisuloata,  O  219,0  221,0347. 

?striata.  O  1 78. 

triancularis,  O  336. 
Asteronotus 

alabastriiia,  94. 

saiiguinea.  94. 
Asthenothaerus 

viUosior,  104,  209. 
?Atys 

casta,  104,  212, 
Aulns 

pratidis,  12, 
Auricula 

acuta,  0  275. 


Auricula 

coiiciiiiia,  0  275. 
infr»'(|Ueiis,  O  275, 
l'allaIJl^'I)si.^,  O  275. 
papiliiffra,  0  275, 
stai^iialis,  (>  275. 
Taliogensia,  O  275. 
tiilinoata,  0  275. 
Autonoe 

rill  11  a,  P  loS. 
Avicula 

Atlantica,  0  227,  O  236,  0  249, 

O  364,  P  148,  P  538. 
barbata,  50. 
Cuiningii,  50. 
fiiiibriata,  O  296,  P  550. 
Letcroptera,  50. 
libula.  31,  199. 
niargaritifera,  O  277,  0  295. 
Peruviana,  107,  153. 
sterna,  24,  50,   199,  O  i,  O  227, 

0    229,  O    233,  O   249,  O  277, 

O364,  P  14S,P  151,  U203. 
Azinaea 

Barbarensis,  80,  82,97, 130,  170. 
iiippciualis,  154. 
intenneilia,  S2,  97,  130,  170. 
gi<:antea.  107. 
niiilticosta,  154,  155. 
parcipicta,  154. 
pectenoides.  154. 
septentrional  is,    rar.     subob30- 

leta,  113,  130,237. 

{  Bankivia 

varians,  0    253,  0    320,  0    365, 
P  226. 
Barbatia 

alternata,  24,  31,  200,  256. 

aviculoi<les,  24. 

gradata,    24,    69,    97,    107,    130, 

152. 
illota,  24,  107,  200. 
mutabilis,  155. 
pernoiiles,  102. 
Reeviana,  27,  107,  200. 


INDEX    Of    SI'ECIES. 


21 


Barbatla 

Botida,  24,  27,  107. 
Tabogensis,  31. 
VHspertilio,  107. 
Barleeia 

haliotiphila,  142,  312. 
lirata,  109,  O  257,  O  327,  P 
rubra,  32,  P  552. 
subtenuis,  32,  109,142,155, 
(?!sabteuui3,  i-ar.)   rimata, 

312. 
Barnea 

Candida,  205. 
Bela 

decussata,  71. 

exc'urvata,  89,  144,  169. 

fidicula,  17,  144,  169,  0  331 

harpularia,  71. 

rufa,  71. 

turgida,  73. 

tnrricula,  70,  144,  0  348. 
Berenecia 

tiispinosa,  P  3. 
Bezoardica 

abbreviata,24,27,  no,  151, 
iSi. 

inflata,  35. 
Binneya 

notabili3,  95,  157. 
Bithinia 

nuclea,  162,  O  326. 

siniilis,  144,  O  326. 
Bittium 

armillatum,  25,  99, 141,  31 1, 

af>perum,  99,  141,  311,  323. 

attenuatuni,  141,  310. 

Escrichtii,  141. 

{frar.)    esuriens,  23,  114, 
283,  310. 

fastigiatum,  23,  141,  283. 

filosnm,    19,   25,   84,    141, 
322. 

nitens,  104,  2x8. 
,       plieatum,  141,  311. 

quadiifilatum,  141,  31 1,  323 

rugatum,  25,  323. 


552. 
142, 


151, 


141, 


310, 


Bivouia 

j  albida,   24,    43,    P   307,  0  255, 

0  3-'4. 
cuuipjtcta,  114,  140,  239. 
I  coutorta,  24,  43,  108,  153,  O  235, 

^  237,  O  255,  O  324,  P  305. 
♦coutorta,  i-ar,  iudeiitata,  P  307, 

O  255. 
gloiuerata,  194,  P  309,  W  J 16. 
iiideiitata,  43,  O  233. 
PanauitusiH,  O  324. 
Quovi,  43. 

8ubcaiicellata,  W  315. 
sntilis,  43. 
triqiietra,  43. 
v(ir.  typica,  43. 
riir.  variegata,  43. 
Bornia 

iiillata,  P  105. 
luticola.  15,  O  203. 
seiiiiliinuui,  P  loS. 
Brochina 

glabra.  X    413,  X    414,  X    415, 

X  416,  X  417,   X  418,  X  434, 

X  435-  X.  43'',  X  43^  X  437, 
X  440,  X  443. 

trlabriformis,  X  437,  X  443. 
Brocbus 

aiinulatns.  X  414,  X  423. 

aruuatus,  X  436,  ^  437. 

glaber,  X  436. 

Ifevis,  X  436. 

reticulatus,  X  423. 

striatus.  X  425. 

trfpcbiformis,  X  416,  X  425. 
Bryophila  (  =  Philobrya) 

(iefosa,  24,  yS,  104,  131,  212. 
Buccinum 

acicnlatnm,  P  3S9. 

angnlnsntn,  71,  0  177,  0  347. 

Antoni,  O  225. 

aplustre,  4. 

arniatuiTi,  10,  O  177,  O  294. 

biliratnm.  O  188,  O  361,  P  515. 

boreale,  O  176,  0  218.     •-■  ,■ 

Boysii,  35. 


22 


INDEX   or    SPECIES. 


Buccinum 

Huevideiitatain,  lo, 0  177,0178. 
camellatuui,  20,  0  21S. 
ciiiis,  O  188. 
chigulatum,  P  458. 
composilum,  4. 

Corouiaudeliamiin,0  iSS,  P516. 
corrugatum,  49,    84,   0   342,   O 

211. 
crassum,  179,  0  268. 
cribrariuin,  O  iSi,  P  487. 
crispatuni,  4,  5. 
cyaiieuiii.  O  217. 
decussatum, 

deiiticulatum,  10,  0  177,  0  17S. 
devinctum,  O  367 
dirum,  18,  49. 
distortutn,  10,  179,  0  268. 
elegans,  48,  0  285. 
elongatum,  10,  41. 
fos-satum,  17,  48,  O  209. 
fusiforme,  0  21S. 
geinmatuin,  O  238,  P  515,?  542. 
gemmulatum,    O    236,    0    238, 

O  263,  P  515,  P  536. 
Gever:*ianum,  7. 
gilvum,  0    236,  0    263,  P   508, 

P536 
glaciale,  70,  71,  0  21S. 
Groeiilandicum,  0  21S. 
haemastoma,  P  477,  P  517. 
hydroplianum,  O  218. 
insigne,  179,  0  268,  P  514. 
interstiiatuui,  77. 
Jaiiflii,  O    204,  O    263,  0    269, 

PS17. 
lamellosum,  5. 
leicheilosos,  0  177. 
lima,  4. 

liratnm,  4,  5,  83. 
Ingubre,  179,  O  268. 
luteostoma,0  238,  P  495,  P  542. 
fmetula,  0   206. 
minus,  O  179. 
modfstmn,  O  185,  0  270. 
modificatum,  49. 


Buccinum 

iiiutabile,  0  204,  0  263,  0  268, 

P  516. 
nigrouostatum,  0  18S. 
Dodatum,  10. 
Nortljiae,  O  293, 
nucleolus,  0  225,  P  535. 
Ochoteiise,  19,  71,  0  218,  0  221. 
ooidea,  19,  O  218. 
ovoides,  0  221. 
ovum,  0  218,  0  223,  0  342. 
pagodas,    179,   0    268,   0    293, 

P515. 
Panamense,  O  296. 
parvulum,  O  262,  0  269,  P  487. 
pastinaca,  O  1S8. 
patuluni,  P  474. 
var.  pelagica,  71. 
planaxis,  10,  0  17S,  0  268. 
plicatum,  4,  5, 
plumbum,  6. 

polaris,  0  177,  0  218,  0  347. 
Poulsoni,  317,    0    201,  O    342, 

V  227. 
prismaticum,  0  225. 
pristis,  179,  0  238,0  268,0  293, 

P542. 
pseudodon,  O  1S8. 
pulchrum,    O    1S8,    O    270,    0 

361. 
pusio,  0  293. 
riugeus,    179,    0    171,  0  178, 

O  238,  O  269,  P  518. 
roseum,  0  179. 
Rudolpbi,  0  178. 
Sabinii,  0  217. 
saiiguinolentum,     179,    0    236, 

O  269,  P  517,  P  536. 
saturum,  4. 
scabrum,  O  218, 
Bcalariforme  -j-  mm.  70. 
serratum,    48,    0    238,   0    268, 

O  293,  0  294. 
serioatnm,  O  218. 
simplex,  19,  O  218,  O  221. 
Stimpsoni,  73. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


23 


Buccinum 

Stiuipsonianum,  73,  179,0269. 

)9triatuiu,  28. 

stioiabiforme,  0  178,  P  491. 

siibiostiatuiu,  9,  O  176,0  293. 

tectum,  10,  O  178. 

teuebrosaia,  0  223. 

teiiue,  10,  71,  O  177,  0  347. 

tiarula,  0  262,  P  496. 

tortuosum,  70. 

undatum,    19,    71,    73,   0    217, 
0  221,  0  223. 

nndosum,  O  263,  P  515,  P  516. 

undulatuin,  0  217. 

ventiicosuin,  0  218. 

zebra,  P  176. 
Bulimulus 

artemi.sia,  158. 

Califoruicus,  158. 

elatus,  158. 

excflsus,  158. 

insicendens,  158. 

Mexicaims,  158. 

pallidior,  158. 

pilula,  158. 

sufllatus,  158. 

undulatug,  O  288. 

vegetus,  158. 

vesicalis,  158. 

Xantusi,  158. 

Ziegleri,  158. 
BulimuB 

acbatinellinus,  0    240,  0    315, 

0  359- 
alternans,  0  i8r. 
alternatiis,  O  240,  0  315. 
artemisia,  116. 
Bovinus,  59. 
Californicus,  59. 
calvus,  0    183,  0    240,  0    315, 

O359. 
Chemnitzoides,  0    240,  0    315, 

0  359- 
chordatns,  59. 
Cornells,  0  183,  315,  0  359. 
Darwiuii,  0  286,  0  315,  0  359. 

S3 


Bulimus 

diBcrepaiiP,  44,  0  183,  0  315. 

Dysoni,  44. 

escharifei  us,  O  188, 0  240,  0  315, 

0359. 
excelsus,  27,  116,  0  227,  0  234, 

U  203. 
fenestratus,  0  286,  0  290. 
finibriatus,  O  240,  0  315. 
Gallapaganus,  0  jis,  0  359. 
Gimieri,  0  286,  0  290. 
Iloiidn  rati  mis,  44. 
Iluiiiboldti,  59,  162. 
ineendens,  116. 
incrassatus,  O  315,  359/ 
Jacobi,  0  315,  0    359,  0    183, 

O  1 88. 
I/aurentii,  162. 
Liebmanui,  O  295. 
loiigns,  59. 
Manini,  0  315,  O  359. 
melaiiia,  59. 
melaiiocheilus,    59,    0    251,    P 

176. 
Mexicaiius,  6,  59,  0  170,  O  314, 

P  177. 
Moricandi,  44,  0  286. 
Ducula,  0  287,  O  315,  O  359. 
nux,  O  181,  O  240,  0  315,0359. 
obscurus,  0  222. 
pallidior,  27,  116,  0  227,  0  233, 

O  314,  0351,035,-,  U  203. 
Panamensis,  O  181,  0  315. 
rrazianus,44. 
pilula,  116. 
princeps,    0     188,    59,   O    251, 

O314,  P  176. 
protenis,  116. 
punctalissimus,  0  265. 
rudis,  O  290. 
rugiferus,  O  183,  0  315. 
rugulosus,  0  188,  0  240,  0  315, 

0  359- 
Scliiedeanns,  0  265. 
sculpturatus,    O    286,    O    315, 

0359. 


24 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


BuUmus 

seiuipellucidus,  44. 
fitriatus,  162. 
suffl.itns,  21,  27,  116. 
translucens,  O  181,0315. 
undatus,    7,     59,    119,    0    170, 

O  251,  P  176. 
unicolor,  0  1S3,  0  315. 
unifaseiatns,  45,  O    1S3,  0  240, 

O  28S,  0  315,  0  359. 
ustnlatus,  0  183,  0  1S8,  0  315, 

0  359- 
vegetus,    116,    O    227,    0    233, 

D  203. 
verrucosus,  O  287,  0  359. 
vesicalis,  21,  116,  0  227,  0  234, 

U  203. 
vexillum,  0  181,  0  315. 
xniithostouia,  0  265. 
Xantusi,  116. 
zebra,  59,  0  251,  0  314,  P  176, 

P  540. 
Ziegleri,  59,  O  314,  P  177. 
ziczag,  0  251,  P  176. 
Bulinua 

aurantiua,  161. 
elatu?,  i6i. 
hypnorum,  161. 
Bulla 

Adamsi,  24,    31,    37,    107,    194, 

237,  0    282,  0    313,  0    364, 

P  173,  P  540. 
australis,  P  172. 
Californica,  35. 
calycnlata,  O  175. 
cerealis.  0  227,  0  229,  U  203. 
constricta,  U  203. 
crassula,  160. 

culeitella,  O  227,  0  229,  U  203. 
d«cussata,  O  179,  0  261,  0  271, 

P  454. 
exarata,  0  250,  P  173,  0  313. 
fontinalis,  160. 
fluviatilis,  i6t. 
v(ir,  fulminosa,  132. 
fasiforiais.  U  203. 


BuUa 

gracilis,  0  237,  O  250,  P  I?!, 
P  540. 

inculta,  79,  0  227,  U  203. 

infrequens,  0  237,  0  250,  0  275, 
P  171. 

jugularis,  77. 

longinqna,  O  284,  O  313. 

Inticola,  194,  O  274,  P  170. 

major,  P  172. 

media,  P  172. 

nebnlosa,  22,  26,  79,  83, 107,  132, 
151,  153,  0  198,0233,  O  234, 
O  237,  O  284,  0  2S9,  O  313, 
0  352,  0  353,  P  172,  P  540, 
V  220. 

?neIiulo-<a,  0  250,  0  296,  P  VI., 

Pi73. 
Paiiamensis,  0295,0313,  P  17a, 
petrosa,  165,  0  367. 
punctata,  154,  O  1S9,  O  274. 
puiicticulata,  194,  O  274. 
puiictulata,   31,  37,  194,  0   229, 

Quoyii,  S,  24,  100,  107,  132 
O     1S9,  0    250,  O  313,  O  359, 

Pi73- 

rotundata,  TJ  204. 

rufolabris,  O   1S9,  0  313,  0  359. 

striata,  5,  0  364. 

tenella,  85. 

velutina,  0  216. 

vesicula,  79,  O  227, 0  2S4,  U  204. 

virescens,  48,  79,  0  284,  0  313. 

zebra,  P  176. 
BuUia 

ampullacea,  19, 70, 0  218, 0  221, 
O  223,  0  342,  0  348. 

Pnrryi,  74. 
BvUina 

exiinia,  90. 
Bursa 

bitubercnlaris,  41. 

fusco-costata,  41. 
?Busycon 

Blakei,  75. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


25' 


Byssoarca 

alternata,  0  310,  P  137. 
Americana,  0  364, 
aviculoides,  0  310. 
divaricata,  O  249,  P  142. 
?Domingensis,  O  364. 
fusca,  0  310,0249,0  364,  P  140. 
gradata,  O    249,  0    310,  0   364, 

0  366,  P  141,  U  203. 
illota,  0    I  S3,   0    249,   O    310, 

P  141,  P  142. 
lactea,  P  141,  P  143,  0  366. 
mutabilis,  24,  lo"     200,  0   249, 

0  310,  P  139. 
PaciQca,    24,    107,    153,  O    249, 

O310,  P  138,  P  139,  P  296. 
pernoides,  0  227,  O  310,  U  202. 
pholadiformis,  200,0278,0  310. 
pusilla,  O  249,  P  142. 
solida,  O  249, 0  3 10,  0  364, 0  366, 

P  142,  P  143,  U  203. 
Tabogeusis,  200,  O  278,  0  310, 

P  141. 
tetragona,  0  366,  P  139. 
truncata,  O  183,  0  310,  0  359. 
vespertilio,  0  249,0  310,  P  140. 
Cadium 

dentatutn,  0  238. 
ringens,  0  238. 
Caecum:    See  also   under  sections 

Anellum,    Elephantulum, 

and  Fartulum. 
abnorraale,  P  316,  X  420. 
anuulatum,  X  417,  X  423. 
bimargiii     um,  X  421,  X  440. 
Clarkii,  X  443. 
clafhratuja,  39,  P  322,  X  428. 
rar.  compactum,  0  256,  P  322. 
Cooperi,  9S,  141. 
corrngnlatum,  X  433,  P  327. 
crebrifinctum,  98,  141. 
dimimituiu,    186,  O    4,  O    166, 

0  256,  O  272,  P  321,  X  427, 
dextroversum,  P  328,  X  433. 
(dextroversum,    var.)    Antilla- 

rum,  X  433" 


Cscum 

eburnenm,    186,   0  4,  0    166, 

0  272,  X  427. 
elegantissiiuuiu,  X  429,  X  430. 
(elegantissiuium,  var.)  riearles- 

Woodii,  X  430. 
elongatuni,  P  320,  X  424. 
elongatuni,  var.  semilaeve,  X429. 
farcimen,  X  431. 
firmatum,  186,  0  4,0  166, 0  256, 

0   272,  0  357,   P  319,  P  320, 

P  321,  P  324,  P  326,  X  427. 
firmatum,  var.,  O  272,  273. 
Floridanum,  X  42S,  X  429. 
glabriforme,  0    366,    P   327,    P 

32S. 
glabruni,  O   366,  P   313,  P   314, 

P  327,  X  413,  X  426,  X  432, 

X  436. 
gracile,  X  429.] 
gnrijulio,  X  4.'36. 
lie[itagonum,  P  319,  X  422, 
imbricatum,  X  422. 
imperforatum,  P    321,  X    413, 

X  425. 
incurvatum,  X  434,  X  436.J 
insculptum,  P  315,  X  420. 
Iseve,   155,   1S6,  0    272,  P    314, 

P32S,  P326,  X43I. 
laqueatiim,  186,  O    272,  P    315, 

P  328,  X  420. 
liratocinctnni,  155,  P  315,  P  316, 

P317,  P  319,  X   -'21. 

liratum,  X  421. 

mauiillatum,    X    427,    X    434, 

X  430. 
mamillatum.  rar.  subulatum,  X 

434- 
mammillum,  X  434. 
monstrosum,  0  4,  O  166,  0  256, 

O  272,  P313,  P321,  X  427. 
nitidum,  X  439. 
obtusum,  P  317,  X  421. 
parvum,     1S6,    0    256,   0   273, 

Pi-,-> 

plicatum,  X  421. 


26 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Caecum 

poUicare,  X  429,  X  432. 
pukhellum,P  312,  P  313,  X415, 

X424. 
pygnippura,    1S6,  O    4     0     166, 

O  256,  O  273,  P  321,  X.427 
quad  latum,  X  428. 
regulare,  X  417,  X  423,  X  428. 
reversum,  P  329,  X  434. 
Searles-Woodii,  X  430. 
?t'c;r.  semi'aevp.  39,0  256,  P319. 
var.  snbconicum,  0  256. 
suliiinpitissum,     108,     P     320, 

P  322,  X  424, 
subspirale,  P  315,  P  316,  X  419. 
subquadratum,  39,  X  433. 
var.  tenuiliratum,  0  256. 
teres,  P  329,  X  434,  X  440. 
trachea,  P  313,  X  413.  X  414, 

X  415,  X  416,  X  417,  X  418, 

P  424,  X  425,  X  426,  X  427, 

X429. 

(?trachea,      var.)       obsoletum, 

X426. 
tuniidum,  X  426. 
nndatum,  36,  1S6,  0  4,  O  272, 

O  357,  P   314,  P  321,  P  323, 

P  325,  P  326,  X  429,  X  430, 

X  431. 
vitreum,  X  429,  X  432. 
(?vitremn,  var.)  Clarkii,  X  433. 
Calcar 

erythrophtlialmus,  O  296,  P  227. 
olivaceus,  O  238,  P  541. 
Mt'lcbeisi,  O  23S,  P  227,  P  541, 
stf-Uaris,  O  238,  P  5+1. 
Calliostoma 

(?liiiia,  rar.)    »qniscnlpta,   154, 

272. 
annulatum,  13,  27,  138. 
Antonii,  36,  191. 
oanaliculatum,  6,    13,    23,    27, 

113,  138. 
castanenm,  3. 

costatum,  13,  19,  23,  25,  27,  138. 
dolarium,  13,  138. 


Calliostoma 

exiiuium,  40,  <o8,  272. 

filor^uul,  3,  13,  138. 

geiiiniulatuni,  98,  139. 

inibricatuin,  196. 

Leanuin,  24,  32,  40,  154,  191. 

ligatum,  3. 

lima,  24,  53,  154,  272. 

M'Andreae,  32,  36,  4a 

ino<lestum,  3. 

splftidens,  98,  139. 

eupragranosum,  98,  139. 

variegatum.  S9,  138. 

versitolor,  152,  272. 

virgineum,   138. 
Callista 

affinis,  30. 

alternata,  30,  106. 

anraiitia,  23,  106,  201. 

callona,  39,  57. 

chionaea,  23, 27,  57, 106, 151, 201. 

circinata,  23,  30,  154. 

concinna,  27,  30,  201. 

consanguiuea,  201. 

Dione,  57. 

lupinaria,  6,  23,  57. 

pannosa,  91,  170. 

(?paiinosa,  rar.)  puelTa,  23,  58, 
104,  170,  211, 

petechialis,  30. 

pollicaris,  58,  104,  210.    ^ 

prora,  var.  104. 

rosea,  23,  57,  58. 

semilamellosa,  153,  154, 

ppinosissiraa,  154. 

tortuosa,  23,  30, 

vnlnerata,  151. 
Callochiton 

Eleiieiisis,  198. 

interstinctas,  0  317,  O  348. 

puldiellus,  198,  267,  0  317. 
Callopoma 

fluctnatum,  153,  0  253,  O  34S, 
P  223,  Q  234. 

(?fluctuatnm,  rar.)  depressum, 
41,0  253,0  288,  P  223,  Q  234. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


27 


Callopoma 

tliKtuosum,    27,     192,    0    224, 

O  253,  O  320,  P  223,  P  224. 
Fokkesii,  Ji,  loS,  151,  O  320. 
phaaianella,  O  320  [cide  550]. 
saxosum,  24,  192,  O  2S2,  0  288, 

O  320, 
tessellatum,  31,  151,  192. 
Calypeopsia 

auriculata,  O  3,  P  290. 
Byroneusis,  O  3. 
Li.sijida,  O  3,  0  275,  P  290. 
imbiicata,  P  287. 
lignaria,  0  3,  0  1S4,  P  290. 
maculata,  0  3,  P  290. 
quiriquina,  0  3,  O  190,  P  291. 
rugosa,  O  3,  O  190,  P  287,  P  291. 
serrata,  O  184. 
teuuis,  O  3,  O  184,  P  290. 
tubifera,  61. 
Calyptraea 

aberrans,  37,  195, 
Adolphei,  0  172. 
alveolata,  51. 

aiuygilalus,  O  204,  0  254,  P 
Araucaua,  P  265. 
arenata,  O  1S4. 
aspersa,  37,  195. 
auricularis,  P  2S7,  P  289. 
auricnlata,  O  190,  P  287,  P 

P  292. 
Byronensis,  0  255,  P  291. 
cepacea,  37,  195,  O  235,  O 

O  255,  0  275,  0  323,  P 

P546. 
cinerea,  48. 
conica,   37,    195,   O   239,  0 

P  265,  P  266,  P  545, 
cornea,  P  295. 
corrugata,  52,  0  184,  0  323. 
d«ntata,     195,    0    236,  0 

0  275,  p  287,  p  538. 

dilatata,  P  265. 
dorsata,  P  273. 
echinus,  O  2,  P  268. 
equestris,  ?  295. 


27S. 


290, 


239. 
295, 


275, 


25s, 


Calyptrasa 

ext;avata,  0  184,  P  274. 
?extiuctoruiu,    47,  U  3,  O     174, 

U  236,  P  267,  P  287, 
fastigiata,  O  209. 
foliauea,  P  272. 
gemiuauea,  O  204,  P  288. 
Lispida,  79,   195,  0  255,  O  275, 

O  2S3,  O  2S4,  P  290,  P  2yl. 
liystiix,  O  2,  P  268. 
imbiicata,  47,  48,    195,  0     184, 
O   lyo,  O   236,  O  275,  P  287, 
P  288,  P   291,   P   292,  P    538 
P  551,  T  109. 
?iiubricata,       var.       Broderipii, 

P  292. 
??iiubricata,      var.      Cumiugii, 

P  287,  P  292. 
incurva,  P  276. 
iuteroiedia,  P  292. 
Iffivigata,  P  267. 
Lamarckii,  O  236,  O  239,  0  254, 

P  266,  P  538,  P  545. 
Lessoiiii,  0  2,  P  280. 
lichen,  0  254,  P265. 
lignaria,  O     184,  0   190,  0  255, 

P  290,  P  291,  P  292. 
lorica,  P  292. 
maculata,   195,  0    255,   0    275, 

P  290,  P  291,  T  167. 
mamillaris,  O  190,  O  230,  P  266, 

P  267,  P  292. 
niarginalis,  0  184. 
perforaus,  0  204,  0  255,  P  281. 
peziza,  0  255. 
pileiformis,  O  212. 
pileolus,  P  292. 
plauulata,     37,      195,    0     275, 

O  318. 
quiriquina,  O  190,  0  255,  P  291, 

P  292. 
radians,  P  264,  P  265. 
radiata,  195,  P  275,  P  291. 
regularis,   195,    0    230,  0    233, 

O  254,  0  276,  P  266. 
rudis,  0  184,  P  292,  P  295. 


38 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


Calyptrasa 

rugosa,  4S,  0  3,  0   190,  0  204, 

O  236,  0  255,  O  275,  P  287, 

P  290,  P  291,  P  292. 
serrata,  O  184. 
sordida,  P  267. 
spiuosa,  47,  48,  O  174,  O  239, 

O  352,  P  290,  P  291,  P  292, 

PS46. 
S(inama,  0  2,  O  184,  P  280. 
stiiata,  U  205. 
atrigata,  P  272. 
teuuis,   0    184,    O   255,   P    290, 

P  291,  P  292. 
tortilis,  51. 
trigonalis,  0  224. 
trochifonuis.  O  iqo,  P  265. 
tubifera,    O    3,    O    204,    O    255, 

P  290,  P  292. 
umbrella,    195,    O   276,   P   290, 

P  292. 
nnguis,  37,  196,  O  276,  P  267. 
varia,    0    1S4,    0   323,    0    360, 

P  295. 
Campylaea 

si>ortella,  157. 
Cancellaria 

acnininata,  O  181,  0  329, 
affinis,  35,  183,  O  271. 
albida,  0  206,  O  329. 
arctica,  0  223. 
bicolor,  P  381. 
bifasciata,  0  265,  0  329. 
brevis,    0    230,    0   294,  0    329, 

P  380,  P  381. 
buccinoides,    O    iSi,  0    217,  0 

329- 
bulbulus,  24,  0  181,  O  329. 
bullata,  0  181. 
Candida,  27,  O  235,  0  329. 
cassidiformis,  27,  O  181,  O  235, 

O  238,  0  329,  O  352,  P  543. 
chrysostoma,    O    181,    O     294, 

O  329,  0  360, 
clavatula,24,0  181,0230,0271, 

O329. 


Cancellaria 

corrugata,  0  206. 

costata,  P  3S0. 

eostellifera,  0  217, 

Couthouyi,  0  217. 

crenata,  O  206,  O  329. 

decussata,  24,  O  iSi,  0  271, 
O329. 

elata,  O  206,  0  329. 

fuuiciilata,  51,  0  206,  O  329. 

gemmnlata,  0  181,  O  329. 

goniostoma,  24,  27,  36,  152, 183, 
0  iSi,  O  233,  O  235,  O  238, 
0  258,  0  271,  O   294,  O  329, 

P3S0,  P3Si,P435,  P  543- 
Laemastouia,0  iSi,0  329,0360. 
indeutata,  0  iSi,  O  206,  0  329. 
lyrata,  51. 

luitriforuiis,  24,  O  271,  0  329. 
luodesta,  114,  146,  245. 
obesa,  27,  0  iSi,  O  235,  O  352, 

0  329,  P  380. 
oblonga,  0  265. 
ovata,  P  3S0,  P  543. 
pulchra,  O  271. 

pygniwa,  36,  183,  O  271,  0  329. 
reticulata,  61,  0  192. 
rigida,  P  3S1. 
solida,  27,  0  181,  0  235,  0  271, 

0  329,  0  352. 
teesellata,  24,  O  271,  O  329. 
uniplicata,  0  182,  O  271,  O  329. 
urceolata,   35,    152,  1S3,  206,  O 

192,  0   238,  0   25S,  0  329,  P 

380. 
ventricosa,  0  206,  0  329. 
viridula,  O  217. 
CantharuB 

gemmatus,  P  516. 
ringens,  518. 
sauguinolentns,  P  517. 
Capsa 

altior,  202,  0  182,  0  279. 
Braziliensis,  O  364. 
deflorata,  63. 
laevigata,  0  364,  P  42. 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


89 


CapuluB 

niilitaris,  P  300. 

uiitriila,  P  2^7,  R  3. 

sulnufus,  R  4. 
Cardita 

affiuis,  201,  0  1S2,  O  229,0  232, 
0  234,  O  236,  O  247,  O  27S, 
0   2S2,  0   297,  O   306,  P   84, 

P  S5,  P  539- 
arcella,  14. 
borealis,   9,  70,   0    210,  0   219, 

0  221,  O  223. 
Californica,  O  232,  O  234,  0  236, 

O  2S7,  O  352,  P  S4. 
corbis,  128. 
crasi<a,  O  178,  0  306. 
Cuvieri,    10,  0    iSi,   0    20S,    0 

30O. 
laticoritata,  201,0   1S2,  0   278, 

O306. 
incrassata,  O  287,  O  306,  0  359. 
Mich»?lini,  10,  14. 
moiiulosa,  14,  O  278. 
luoiiilicosta,  iiS. 
iiodulosa,  O  278. 
oc-cideiitalis,  17,  80. 
plauicosta,  75. 
radiata,   201,  0    1S2,  0  278,  0 

306. 
spurca,  O  221. 
subteuta,  17,  165,  0  367. 
turgida,  14. 

vaiia,  O  iSi,  0  306,  0  359. 
variegata,  12S,  2S0. 
veiitricosa,    17,   80,    yi,  0    209, 

0  210,  0  213,  0  306. 
volucris,  O  229. 
Cardium 

aculeatum,  154,  O  285. 
alabastruin,  0  247,  O  307,  P  94, 

P53I- 
arenatum,  P  93. 
asperum,  O  364. 
Belcberi.  O  175,  0  297,  0  307. 
biaiigulatnm,  27,  0  175,  0  187, 

0  229,  0  307. 


Cardium 


blaudum,  14,  17,49,70,91,  128, 

O   210,  O   212,0   213,0  307, 

O348. 
boivale,  O  175. 
buUatuni,  O  364. 
Califurnianum,    13,    14,   17,  49, 

119,   O    197,    0    203,    O   212, 

0  213,  O  219,  V  217. 
Califoruiense,  14,  17,  70,  91,  128, 

O    197,0   203,0  219,  O   221, 

0    223,  0    232,  0    234,  0  283, 

O  307,  O  347. 
carneosum,  P  40. 
ceutifilosum,  97,  128. 
cousors,  23,  27,  106,  153,  0  187, 

O  234,  O  282,  0  307,  0  364. 
corbis,  5,  13,  17,  91,  12S. 
costatum,  45,  P  95. 
crueutatum,     21,    78,    0     227, 

O  2S4,  0  307,  0  352,  U  201, 
Cuiuiiigii,  0  183,  O  307. 
Dioiiaeum,  0  175. 
discors,  60. 
elatum,  153,  O  232,0  247,  0  307, 

O    351,  O   352,0    364,  P   91, 

V  218. 
Eleiieuse,  P  91,  U  201. 
Gabbii,  119. 
gemuiatum,  0  229. 
graniferum,    25,    30,    154,    201, 

322,  0  17s,  0  187,  O  229,0  248, 

0  27S,  0  307,  P  85,  P  95- 
Groeulandicum,  47,  70. 
Icelandicuni,  O  210. 
Indicum,  45.  0  288. 
Laperousii,  14,  0  203,  O  307. 
laticostatum,  0  247,  P  92. 
linteum,  75. 
lucinoides,  0  248,  P  96, 
luteolabrum,  13,  21,  12S,  0  197, 

O  227,  O  307,  0  351,  U  20I. 
macnlatum,  45,  0  2S2,  O  2S5. 
maculosum,  45,  0   229,  0    285, 

O307. 
magnificum,  0  187. 


30 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


Cardium 

niodestum,  75,  97,  128.  j 

Mortoni,  U  201,  V  218. 
iiiuriuatuui,  O  1 75,  O  236,  0  247, 

O  3('4,  I'  93,  P  539- 

KicoUeti,  75, 

Nuttalliauum,  O  192. 

Kuttallii,  4,  13,  14,  26,  71,86, 
O  197,  O  203,  O  213,  O  219, 
O  223,  0  232,  O  241,  0  284, 
O307,  0347,0351,  V  217. 

obovale,  23,  201,  O  229,  0  27S, 

o  307-  j 

Pauaiueuse,  0  1 78,  0  1S3,  O232,  , 

O  234,  0  307,  P  92 
planioostatum,   38,  201,  O   1S3, 

O  27S,  O  307. 
procerum,  14,  23,  106,  152  153, 

201,    0    1 78,  O     183,  O    236, 

O    247,  0    27S,  0    307,  P   91, 

P  92,  P  539. 
pseudofossile,  14,  17,  49,70,  128, 

O  247,  P  94. 
punctulatum,  O  247,  P  93. 
quailragcnariuin,  13,21,86,  128, 

O  197,  0  307,  V  217. 
radula,  0  175,  0  236. 
rastrum,  0  247,  O  278,  P  93. 
rotundatum,  O  247,  O  307,  P  531. 
Senticosuui,  23,  106,  201,  0  247, 

O  278,  C  307,  P  93. 
serratuin,  O  364. 
subulongatuin,  14. 
substriatum,  78,  O  197,  O  232, 

O  307,  O  351,  U  201,  V  218. 
triaiigulatura,  O  247,  P  94. 
xantliochi'ilum,   128,  0    197,    0 

227,  0  232,  U  201. 
Carinea 

eiuarginata,  24,  176. 
gibbosa,  176, 
Carinifex 

Xewberryi,  161. 
Carocolla 

Ilaydiana,  O  265. 
labyriuthus,  O  165. 


Carocolla 

quadridentata,  0  180. 

uncigtjra,  O  290, 
CasBidaria 

setosa,  O  261    O  367,  P  455, 
CassiduIuB 

patulud,  P  501. 
Cassis 

abbreviata.  35,181,0238,0270, 
O   292,  O    297,  O  337,  O  364, 

P543- 

ceutiquadrata,  O  171,0  292. 

coarctata,  iSi,  O  171,  O  174, 
O  188,  O  234,  0  235,  0  238, 
O  243,  0  270,  O  282,  O  294, 
O  337,  O  350,  0  352,  O  360 

o  364,  P  543. 

corrugata,  7. 

doliata,  O  171,  0  292. 

grauosa,  O  238. 

inllata,  i8i,  O  238,  O  364,  P  543. 

laetea,  O  270,  O  292. 

Masseua,  10,  O  iSS. 

ringens,  7,  O  174,  O  238. 

tenuis,  O  188,  O  337,  O  360. 

testiculus,  0  171,  0  364. 
Castra 

Turcica,  48. 
Cavolina 

crassicornis,  O  173. 

subrosacea,  0  173. 

teli'iuus,  98,  107,  132. 
Cellepora 

areolata,  34,  256. 

cyclostouia,  O  244,  O  298,  P  5. 

papilhefonuis,  0  244,0  298,  P  5. 
Ceritbium 

adustum,  0  189,  0  256,  O  272, 
O   293,  O   325,  0  366,  P  ^^^, 

P334- 
alboliratum,  24,  0    256,  O  325, 

P  336- 
assirnillatum,    0    272,    0    289, 

P445. 
bimarginatum,  185,  0  272. 

Californianuui,  0  212. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


81 


Cerithium 

cunilliuui,  0  170. 

fauielicuiu,    36,     185,    0     256, 

()  272,  O  2S2,  P  334,  P  335. 
filosum,  17,   1S5,  O  2CK),  O  212, 

0295. 
fragraria,  7,  0  170. 
tiallapagiiiis,  32,  63,  185,0  189, 

O  256,  O  272,  O  325,  P  33S. 
gen:iuatuui,  0  272,  P  339. 
graiiosuui,  7,  O  170. 
Guiuaicuui,  P  2}^. 
Hegcwischii,  O  295,  P  345, 
iuterruptum,  24,  32,  36,  45,  63, 

'08,   155,   1S5,  0   189,  O  226, 

O    238,  O  256,  O  272,  0  32s, 

«  360,  P  337,  P  ^^8,  P  542. 
iostoina,  P  345. 
irroratum,  17,   32,   36,  45,    185, 

O   1 89,  0  209,  0  256,-0  272, 

O  2S3,  0  325,  P  337. 
Largillierti,  P  343. 
lima,  0  170,  O  222. 
literatum,  0  170. 
maculo.sum,  7,  24,  27,  108,  1S5, 

O    189,  O  230,  O  238,  0  256, 

O   272,  O   2S2,  O  293,  O  325, 

O   360,  0  366,  P  s_^^,  P   339, 

P  340,  P  542. 
mediale,  0  367. 
vtir.  mediolaeve,  24,  35,  108,  1S5, 

O  256,  P  334. 
Mf  ukei,  P  338, 
Moiitagiiei,  O  190,  0  239,  P  342, 

P  343,  R  345,  P  542. 
musicum,    7,    0    170,    0    171, 

O  256,  O  325,  P  ^35. 
nebulosum,  0  18^,0  256,  0  325, 

P333. 

neglectum,  1S5,  0  272. 

obesum,  17,  32,  185. 

ocellatura,  45,  O  189,  O  236, 
O  238,  0  256,  0  296,  0  325, 
O  3'''-\  P  337,  P  536,  P  542. 

Pnciflcum,  48,  1S5,  0  170, 0  272, 

0  325. 


Cerithium 

pauinTiuluui,  1S6,  0  272. 
Pei'uvianum,  P  442. 
puluhruiu,   1S6,    O    256,  O    272, 

P  343. 
Reeviatiuui,   186,  0  256,  0  272, 

P  343- 

reticuhituin,  6. 

sacratuin,  o  209,  U  206,  V  226. 

stercusmuscaium,  17,  27,  }2, 
36,  loS,  152,  0  170,0  209, 
0  233,  0  236,  0  238,  0  256, 
0  272,  0  282,  0  325,  O  360, 
O  366,  P  337,  P  339- 

terebellum,  O  289. 

triliueatuui,  0  289. 

uiiibonatum,  0  256,  P  335. 

uiiuinatum,  24,  63,  108,  151, 
185,    O   256,    0    272,   O    285, 

O  325.  0  364,  P  334,  P  335- 
validum,    186,   0    1O3,   0   257, 

O  272,  P  344. 
variuosuui,    7,  48,  0  170,  0  189, 

O  190,  P  343,  P  344- 
vulgatum,  0  170. 
Cerithidea 

albouodosa,    153,    1S6,   0    22S, 

O  283,0325,0351,  U  205. 
Californica,  141. 
fuscata,    79,    0  228,  O    233,    P 

345- 
Lavalleana,  O  3C>4. 
Mazatlauica,     loS,     141,       1S6, 

O233. 
Moutaguei,    24,    27,     151,     186, 

O   230,  O   256,  O   272,  0   325: 

P  342,  P  343- 
pulchra,  0  325. 

puUata,  141,  15',  O  325,  0  jS'- 
Reeviana,  0  325. 
sacrata,  23,  79,  141,0  200,0228, 

0  230,  O   233,  0  325,  0  351, 

P  345,  U  206,  V  226. 
(?3acrata,  var.),  fuscata,  U  206. 
Bolida,  0  230. 
valida,  0  230,  0  325. 


32 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


Cerithidea 

variuosa,  7,  24,  186,  208,  O  170, 

O   190,  O  2JO,  0  233,  O  272, 

O  295,  O  325,  O  364. 
?varicosa,     vur.      Mazatlanica, 

O  257,  P  344,  U  200. 
Cerithiopsis 

assiuiihita,    99,    no,    146,    155, 

274,   O    260,   0  335,   O  364, 

P445- 
bimargiuata,  274,  0  335. 
cerea,   O    260,   0   335,    P    443. 

P445- 
coluaiua,  99,  114,  146,  245. 
couvexa,  O  260,  0  ;i_]S-  P  44- 
deuussata,  O  260,  0  335,  P  445- 
filosa,  0  335,  0  348. 
fortior,  23,  146,  2S7. 
intercalaria,  274. 
rnunita,  114,  146,  245. 
ueglecta,  185,  O  ^^6. 
paiipercula,  O  336. 
pupitormis,  O  260,  0  33$,  P  443. 
purpurea,  23,  146,  2S7. 
sorex,  0  260,  P  335,  P  444. 
terebella,  O  364,  P  445. 
triliueata,  P  445. 
tubercularid,  169,  186,  0  366. 
?tuberoulata,    23,    114,    146,    P 


442. 


tubercnloides,  32, 36,  1 10,  O  260, 

O  335,  O  306,  P  442,  P  443. 
ftuberculoides,  var.  albonodosa, 
O  260,  P  443. 
CereuB 

couglomeratus,  4. 
Ceroatoma 

var.  Burnettii,  72. 

foliatum,    13,  48,  72,   149,   169, 

•    345- 
mouoceros,  13,  149,  151,  152. 
monodon,  83,  149,  O  345. 
Kuttallii,    13,    27,    149,    0    201, 

O  345,  O  349,  V  229. 
Chama 

Bioderipii,  P  89. 


eel 


exr 


Chama 

Buddiana,  26,  30,  38,  106,  200, 
247,  O  277,  0  307,  P  89. 

chionsea,  178. 

corrugata,   27,   38,   154,  0    184, 
O  277,  0  307. 

crasriicostata,  10. 

Delessertii,  P  549. 
L'hiuata,   9,   30,  38,  106,   200, 
O  178,  0  184,  0  234,  O  247, 

o  277, 0  307,  P  87,  P  549. 

cogyra,  11,  71,  106,  127,0232, 
0  247,  0  307,  0  349,  O  351, 
0  35-^0  353,  P90,  V217. 
froudosa,  9,  23,  106,  152,  O  178, 
O   197,  O  232,  O  282,  0  306, 

P  87,  P  549. 
(?frondosa,  var.)  fornicata,  38, 

200,  0  247,  0  277,  P  89. 
frondosa,   var.    Mexicana,    2cx», 

O   178,  O   197,  0  247,0  307, 

0    352,  0   353,  0    364,  P  87, 

P  89,  P  548,  V  217. 
imbricata,  63,  O  184,  O  307. 
Janus,  0  186,  0  307,  0  359. 
lobata,  II,  71. 
Mesicana,  30,  38,  0  232. 
Panamensis,  O    186,   O   307,  P 

90. 
pellucida,  22,   127,   170,  0  197, 

0232,0307,0351,  V  217. 
producta,  27,  0  184,  O  307. 
rugosa,  0  234. 
spiuosa,   23,   27,    97,    106,    128, 

O  208,  O  247,  0  307,  0  359, 

P  89,  P  90. 
squalida,  O  178. 
venosa,  0  232. 
Chelyconus 

puncticulatus,  P  404. 
purpurascens,  P  402. 
regalitatis,  P  403. 
Chelysoma 

MacLeayanum,  0  176 
Chemnitzia 

Adamsii,  36,  no. 


INDEX    OF    SPKCIES. 


33 


Chemnitzia 

aciileus,  1S7,  iSS,  O  260,  0  273, 

O  3J5,  P  427,  P  4^8. 
acuminata,  j6,  1S7,  O  273. 
affiiiis,  S5,  JO.  "^7,^  200,0  273, 

O  335,  P  4^9. 
fear,    aurautia,    23,     S9,     145, 

3'5- 
T)iu,irinata,  T  171. 
bittifiniuis,  T  171. 
cselata,  24,  294. 
oancellata,  O  260. 
C.-B.-  Adauiaii,  0  260,  O    335, 

P427. 
chocolata,  99,  145,  316. 
clatbratula,   30,    1S7,  0  273,  P 

424. 
communis,  36,  1S7,  190,  0  273, 

P4'9,  T  '70. 
crebrifihita,  23,  2S5. 
Cumingii,  T  170. 
flavescens,   no,  0   260,0  334, 

P  4;,2. 
gibbosa,  O  2(x>,  O  334,  P  430. 
graoillima,  36,  iSS,  0  260,  O334, 

P431. 
gracilior,    187,   0    273,    0   335, 

P  431,  P  432. 
intermedia,  O  260. 
major,  36,  187,  O  273,  0  335. 
marginata,  1S7,  O  273. 
muricata,  O  260,  0  334,  P  42S. 
Pauamensis,   33,   36,    no,    1S7, 

1 88,   0    260,   0    273,  0   335, 

P427. 
paucilirata,  O  260. 
polyzonata,  T  1 70. 
prolongata,   no,  0  260,  0  334, 

P  429- 
reticulata,  P  433. 
rubrofusca,  T  171. 
Bcalaris,  P  414. 
simiUs,  33,  36,  iSS,  0  260, 0  273, 

0  335,  P  428. 
striosa,  1S8,  0  273,  O  335. 
fvar.  stylina,  23,  145. 

3 


Chemnitzia 

subangulata,  O  260. 
tenuicula,  23,  145,  O  228,  0  230, 

O  334,  O  349,  U  207. 
(?tenuicula,  var.)  subouspidata, 

99,  145- 
tenuilirata,   154,  O  260,  0  334, 

P433. 
terebralis,  O  260,  O  334,  P  432. 
tonjuata,    23,   S9,  90,    145,  286, 

O    22S,  O   230,  0   334,  O  349, 

U  207. 
(?tor(iuata,  far.)  stylina,  2S6. 
tri.lentata,  23,  89,  145,  315,  316. 
turrita,    36,    1S8,    190,   0    273, 

O335,  P429,  T171. 
undata,   35,    36,     1S7,    0    260^ 

O334,  P43',  P432. 
unifasciata,  O  260,  0  335,  P  433. 
Vancouverensis,  90,  145. 
Virgo,  23,  145,  2S6,  294. 
Chione 

amathusia,  23,  27,  152,  154,  201, 

0  236,0  247,  P  7 1,  P  72,P8o. 
astartoides,  39. 
badia,  58. 
i-ar,  bilineata,  106. 
Californiensis,    7,    127,    152,    O 

197,  V  216. 
callosa,  13,  39,  127,  152,  0  197, 

0  2^1,  V  216. 
cancelli  ta,  13,  127. 
Columbiensis,  O  247,  P  75. 
creiiifera,  201,  0  247,  P  74. 
discors,  P  77. 
distans,  O  247,  P  74. 
exoavata,  13,  127,  O  197,  V  216. 
fluctffraga,    22,    39,    127,    152, 

•53- 
gnidia,  27,  151,  152,  0  247,  P  71, 

P  72,  V  215. 
gnidia,  var.  P  72. 
grata,  P  77. 

bistrionica,  0  247,  P  77. 
rar.  lilacina,  106. 
Lordi,  91. 


S4 


INDEX    OP    SPECrES. 


Chione 

lupauaria,  P  67. 

neglecta,  2j,  106,   151,   0  192, 

O  20J. 
Niittalli,  127,  O  197,  V  216. 

lar.  ()  2S1. 

pulicaria,  rar.  27,  106,  153. 

ruilerata,  O  192. 

similliiua,   ij,  22,    127,    151,  O 

197,  V  216. 
sqnalida,  P  64. 
stiamiiiea,  V  215. 
succinota,  13,  22,  25,  26,  27,  40, 

1^7,  »5«,  "52,  154,322. 
sngillata,  23,  38. 
undatella.  106,  P  75. 
Chloraera 

If-oiiiua,  95,  0  210,  O  213,  O  313. 
Chironla 

I.apeiousii,  0  202,  O  203. 
Chiton 

achates,  72. 

acutus,  13,  0  198,  0  318,  Q  232, 

V  221. 
albolineatus,  0  175,0290,?  191. 
albus,  71,  72. 

auiiculatus,  19,  0  214,  0  223. 
armatus,  O  19S. 
artieulatus,  O  17S,  0  233,0  290, 

P  190,  Q  2;2. 
Blainvillei,  ,    ,  O  233. 
Brandtii,  19,  0   215,  0  219,  0 

223- 
Californicus,  13,  O    19S,  0  229, 

O31S. 
chlamys,  0  214. 
clathratas,  267,  O  276,  0  31S. 
Collei,  O  229. 

Columbiensis,  O  iSi,  O  318. 
cnncinnus,  72. 
consimilis,    13,    O    198,   0    297, 

O31S. 
crenulatus,  0  1S7. 
Cuniingii,  0  180. 
dentiens,   16,  92,  0  209,  0  318, 

O348. 


Chiton 

dispar,  37,  19S,  261,  266,  0  iSl, 

O  276. 
Eleneusis,  O  iSo,  O  31S. 
Ksclisoholtzii,  19,  O  214,  0  223. 
far*tigiatU3,  O  288. 
fliiver-uens,  O  252,  O  317,  P  198. 
gigaiitf us,  iS    0  215. 
(iooilallii,  O  I  So. 
llartwegii,    40,    0    287,   0    318, 

0  349,  Q    3'.  Q  232. 
Ilindrtii,  92,  0  229. 
bii'iiudifunuis,   0     iSi,  0    187, 

0318,0  3(X3. 
incarnatu.s,  35. 
iiisignis,  O  208,  O  214. 
interstinctus,  16,  O  210. 
lievigatus,  92,  0  2S5,  P  191. 
lignai'iiid,  O  209. 
liguosus,  16,  19,  84,0209,0318, 

o  34S. 

limaciformis,  0    iSo,  0   252,  P 

194. 
Iiueatii3,  9,  0  20S,  O  214,  0  223, 

0  229,  O  318. 
lividus,  19,0  215,  0  223. 
Loochooanns,  O  175. 
Inridus,  19S,  276,  0  318. 
Mag<lalensi3,  0  206,  0  2^2- 
margiiiatus,  92. 
Merckii,  19,  40,  O  215,  0  223. 
Mertensii,  19,  0  215,  O  224. 
Moutereyensis,    16,    40,  0    2S7, 

O31S,  O349,  Q231. 
muricatas,  18, 0  215. 
muscosus,    16,    72,    84,   O    108, 

O  209,  0  229,  0  317,  O  34S, 

V  221. 

Niittallii,  13,  O  198,  O  318, 
0  349,  Q  231,  V  221. 

ornatus,  16,  0  198,0  229,0  318, 
O  349.  Q  232,  V  221. 

Pallasii,  19,  0  214,  0  219,0223. 

patulus,  ^S. 

proprius,  0  290. 

pulcliellus,  38,  198,  0  277. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIE8. 


85 


Chiton 

regularis,  40,  0  2S7,  0   318,  Q 

-J-- 
retusu.s,  O  iSo. 

sanguineus,  6j,  0  364,  P  194.      < 
scalier,  O  2Z(),  O  2yo,  O  J17. 
scabriciilus,  O  iSo,  0  jiS. 
siTribiculatus,  ly,  O  215,  0  224. 
setigtT,  O  214.  ' 

setosuf,  iS,  0  178,  0  iSo,  O  214,  ' 

0215,0318. 
Simpsonii,  O  208. 
Sitcheiisis,    19,    O    192,   O    214, 

O  223,  O  229,  O  290. 
Stelleri,  19,  0  194,0  214,  O  223, 

O  229. 
Stimpsonii,  72. 
S'.okesii,  38,  153,  19S,  266, 0  iSo, 

O  229,  O  277. 
subraarmoreua,  84,  214,  0  219, 

0  223. 
snlcatns,  9,  O  187. 
textilH,  35. 
tunicatus,  9,  84,  O  178,  0  192, 

O  214,  O  223,  0  288. 
vecpertinus,  if),  O  210. 
ve-ititns,  O  175,  O  223,  0  296. 
Wosnessenskii,   19,  92,  0    214, 

O  ;,iS. 
Chlorostoma 

anreotinftum,  28,  13S,  152. 

brutineuin,  27,  138. 

funebrale,  19,  23,  27,  40,  49,  79, 

113,  1^8,  170,0  287,0297. 
gallina.  13S,  152. 
maeulosurn.  21,  0  227. 
marginatum,  79. 
moestura,  49,  170. 
nitrerrimum.  28,  138. 
Pfeifffri,  23,  27,  138. 
var.  pyri forme,  138. 
rugosum,  P  233. 

var.  O  283. 

vnr.  ?nbapertum,  II3,  I38. 
Chondropoma 

rubicundnm,  45. 


CboriHtodon 

tj'picum,  29,   0   244,  0   364,  P 

447,  ^  S2'J- 
Chorus 

Uelcheri,  60,  149,  151. 
Chsetopleura 

niuscosa,  16. 

(lenti-'DS,  16. 
Chrysallida 

acuminata,  O  273,  0  334. 

angusta,  104,  219. 

caneellata,  O364. 

cincta,  99,  145. 

clathratula,   36,   1S7,  0   259,  O 

273.  O  334,  P  424- 
clausiliformi.s,  O  260,  0  334,  P 

367,  P  369,  P  370,  P  426. 
communis,  36,   iio,  187,0  273, 

O  334,  O  357,  0  3^-4,  P  408, 

P419,  P421,  P423. 
convexa,  O  260,  O  334,  P  422. 
crebristriata,  T  170. 
effusa,  36,  39,  187,  0  259,0  334, 

P422. 
faseiata,  39,  0  259, 0  334,  P  417, 

P     1-.5 


P  423. 
indentata,  0  260,  0  334,  P  425, 
marginata,  O  273,  0  334,  P  423. 
nodosa,  O   259,   0  334,  P   369, 

P4I7. 
oblonga,  0  259,  0  334,  P  418. 
ovata,  O  259,  0  334,  P  417,  P 

418. 
panpercula,  36. 
Pliotis,  O  260,  O  334,  P  425. 
pnmila,  99,  I45- 
Reigeni,  O  259,  0  334,  P  422. 
rotundata,  0  259,  0  334,  P  41S, 

P4I9- 
tele?copium,  36,  39,  187,  0  259, 

0  334,  P  41S,  P  421,  P  422. 
Chrysodomns 

antiquns,  69,  70,   83,   166,   183, 

O343. 
Baeri,  O  343. 
Behringii,  O  343. 


36 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Chrysodomus 

var.  Beiiringianus,  83. 
carinatus,  25,  322. 
cassidariaeformis,  70. 
decemcostatas,  S3,  149. 
deformis,  70,  0  343. 
dims,  19,  25,  77,  S3,  150,  322. 
despeetus,  rar.  25. 
fornicatus,  0  347. 
incisns,  S3,  150. 
Islandicus,  71,  0  343. 
liratns,  4,  20,  149,  169. 
luricliis,  O  343. 
Midilendoi-ffi,  20,  S3,  149. 
rectirostris,  S9,  150. 
Schantaricus,  71. 
Sitchensi?,  49,  S3,  150,  0  343. 
tabulatus,    25,  83,  89,  90,  102, 
"4,  149,  322. 
Cingula 

inconspicua,  22i  3^t  IQO- 

? O  274. 

laevis,  O  220. 
minuta,  20,  0  220. 
paupercula,   33,    36,    190,    259, 

O  274,  O  327. 
sasicola,  O  274,  0  327. 
striata,  O  220. 

terebellum,  33,  36,  190,  0  274. 
tervaricosa,  O  257,  P  366. 
?tarrita,  33,  36,  190,  0  274. 

Circe 

luargarita,  0  247,  0  306,  P  Si, 
P  82. 

minima,  30,  P  82, 

nnmmnllna,  58. 

subtrigona,  O  247,  0  306,  P  S2. 
Circostrema 

diadema,  0  336,  O  360,  P  44S. 

funiculata,    192,  0  260,  0  284, 
O  33<i,  0  360,  P  447. 
Cirrus 

noJosus,  P  354. 

Cistula 

truuhlearis,  45« 


Cithara 

couuinna,  1S3. 
fuscoiiotata,  104.,  218, 
siuuata,  O  2S4,  0  332,  S  162. 
stromboides,    24,    59,     109,    0 

3j-' 
?triticea,  24,  109. 
Clathrua 

bexagonus,  P  446. 
Clathurella 

aiiiea,  0  259,  O  331,  P  400. 

bulla,  0  332. 

bicanalifera,     183,    O     332,    P 

400. 
Candida,  O  332. 
cornuta,  0  332. 
corrugata,  O  332. 
ericea,  0  332. 
exigua,  O  332. 
intercalaris,  O  284,  0  332. 
geminulosa,  O  332, 
merita,  0  332. 
micans,  0  332. 
neglecta,  O  332. 
occata,  0  332. 
qiiisqualis,  O  332. 
rava,  O  259,  P  399,  p  400. 
rigida,  184.  O  332. 
sculpta,  O  332. 
serrata,  0  2S4,  0  332. 
variculosa,  0  332. 
Clavella 

distoita,  25,  179,0344. 
Clavatula 

aspera,  O  205. 
bella,  0  205. 
caelata,  0  205. 
Californica,  75. 
Candida,  O  205. 
ericea,  0  205. 
firiffithii,  61. 
iinpressa,  O  205. 
lnctnosa,  O  205,  P  397. 
merita,  0  205. 
rnicans,  O  205. 
militaria,  O  205. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


37 


Clavatula 

neglecta,  0  205. 

oecata,  O  205. 

panialis,  O  205. 

pluinbea,  0  205, 

pudicea,  O  205. 

prorata,  75. 

quisqualis,  O  205. 

rava,  O  205,  P  399. 

rigida,  O  205. 

pc'ulpta,  U  205. 
dementia 

gracillima,  0  246,  O  305,  P  54. 

snbdiaphana,  SS,  93,  126. 
Clidiophora 

ai:ute<lentata,  227. 

arcuata,  228. 

claviculata,  225,  226,  228,  229. 

cristata,  226. 

depressa,  227. 

discors,  228. 

nasuta,  167,  226. 

punctata,  99,  113,  124,  167,227. 

tabacea,  226. 

triliiipata,  12,  124,  167,226,227. 
Closia.     f-ee  Volutella. 
Cochlea 

ueritoides,  160. 
Cocblodesma 

Leana,  Q  229. 
Cochlogeua 

nielaiiia,  59. 

vittata,  59 
Cochlostyla 

princeps,  P  177. 

nnd;ita,  P  176. 
Codakia 

exasperata,  30. 

punctata,  30,  106. 

tigerrina,  23,  27, 106,  0  248,  P  96. 
Coelodon 

Cumingii,  220. 

delicatulus,  229. 

e!ongatus,  229. 

flexiiosus,  22S,  230. 

anguicuius,  230. 


Collonia 

niarginata,  49. 

Iiba.-iianflla,  192. 
Columbella 

acicula,  53. 

albuginosa,  221. 

angularU,  0  iSi. 

atrainentaria,  iSo,  O  186, 0  269. 

baccata,  ill. 

bicanalit'era,  iSo,  O  181,  0  231. 

bi<-olnr,  59,  O  270. 

Boirinii,  52,  180,  0  265,  O  269, 

O341. 
Bridgesii,  52. 

Califoriiiaiia,  O  2S6,  0  34I. 
Californica,  53,  0  351. 
carinata,    23,    14S,    151,0   206, 

O  231,  O  341,  0  349,  O351. 
castanea,  O  181,  O  192,  0  341. 
cervinftta,  O  262,  O  341,  P  493. 
rar.  obsoleta,   O    262,  P 

493- 
citharula,  O  238,  0  269. 
coniformis,  O  235. 
conspicua.  I  So,  O  269. 
coronata,  O  iSi,  P  507,  P  508. 
costata,    59,    0    171,0    263,  P 

50S. 
costellata,  35,  iSo,  0  176,0  iSr, 

O  269,  P  506. 
costulata,  0  263,  0  284. 
cribraria,    53,0    171,0    189,    0 

231,  P  4S7. 
diniimita,  34,  180,  O  269. 
dorinitor,  2S4. 
dorsata,  iSo,  0  269. 
elpctroides,  53. 
elegans,  O  181. 
encanstica,  53. 
feativa,    25,    III,     iSo,    0    231, 

O  288,  O  341. 
fluctuata,    iSo,    181,  O    iSi,    O 

269. 
fiilguranH,  P  505. 
fulva,  iSo,  O  181,  0  238,  0  269, 

P  509.  P  543- 


38 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


Columbella  ,  Columbella 

fusuata,  25,  III,  151, 180,0  171,  nioe^ta,  iSi,  0  270. 


O  iSi,  0  210,  O  235,  O  238,  O 
262,  0  269,  0  283,  O  294,  0 
341,  P  4S9,  P  492,  P  543. 

fuscata,  var.  28. 

fusiform  is,  0  206. 

gaiisapata,  17,  84,  148,  0  210, 
0  341,  O  348. 

gibberula,  1 80,  0  231,  O  269. 

gibbo.ia,  0    171,  0    234,0   262, 

o  269,  p  4S9,  P  491. 

Gouldiana,  21. 

Gouldii,  53,  0  231. 

gracilis,  180,  O  269. 

guttata    53,   180,0  181,  0  231, 

0  262,  O  269,  P  487. 
haemastoma,  iii,0   iSi,  0  192, 
0   231,  O  269,  0  294,  0  341, 
O361. 
Haueti,  62. 

liarpifonnis,    61,  181,  O   181,  O 
230,    O    231,  0    236,  O    23S, 
O  269,  0  341,  P  537,  P  543- 
Hindsii,  23,  114,  148. 
humerosa,  155,  274. 
labiosa,  25,  48,  0   269,  0  283, 

O341. 
lactea,  53. 

lanceolata,  O  iSi,  O  190. 
lentigiiiosa,  0  200, 
ligata,  O  341. 
livida,  O  iSi,  0  341. 
lyrata.  iSo,  0  iSi,  O  269. 
maculosa,  0  iSi,  O  231,  P  513. 
major,  25,  52,  in,  iSo,  0  171, 
0  i8r,  O  210,  O  231,  O  236, 
0    262,  O  269,  O  341,  P  489, 

P491,  P  492,  P  507,  P  537. 
maura,  O  iSi. 

meleagris,  O  262,  O  269,  0  294, 

P492. 

mercatoria,  O  222. 

Tinillt>ptinctata,  var.  25. 

mitriformis.O  177,  O  262,?  4S7. 

modesta,  liJo,  O  270. 


uasuta,  0  238,  0  341,  P  543- 
uigiiuaus,    iSi,  O   186,   0    231, 

O  270, 
Pacifica.  53. 
pallida,  O  235,  P  535. 
pardalis,  0  341. 
parva,  35,  iSi,  O  231,  0  270. 
pavonia,  0  206. 
paytalida,  0  262,  0  294,  P  489. 
procera,  0  iSi,  O  341, 
pulcberrima,  O  181,  0  341. 
pulclirior,  181,  0  270. 
punctata,  P  4S7. 
pusilla,  53. 

pygmaea,    iSi,    O    iSi,    0    192, 
0  226,  0  270,  P  510. 

pyrostoma,  O  iSi. 

Reevei,  53,  ui. 

rorida,  53. 

rugulosa,  0  186. 

rugosa,  181,0181,0231,0270. 

rustica,  0  269,  O  294,  P  489,  P 
492. 

saturalis,  59,  61,  0  269. 

scalariua,  0  181,  P  505. 

solidula.  III. 

Sowerbyi,  0  270. 

spadicea,  53,  O  225,  P  535. 

Sta.-Baibarensis,  21,  53,  in, 
O  228,  0  231,  O  341,  O  349. 

strombiforniis  48,  181, 0  171, 
O  174,  0  17S,  0  192,  0  2IO, 
O  234,  0  236,  0  262,  0  270, 
O  341,  P  490,  P  537- 

strombiformis,  far.  0  262, 0  269, 

P  4S9. 
snlcosa,  53,  185,  0  272. 
T«rpsicliore,  O  226,  0  238, 0  263, 

P  508,  P  543. 
tesswllata,  35,  iSi,  0  270. 
taeniata,    20,  53,  260,  0    225,  P 

535- 
triiimphalis,  10,  O  26S. 
turrita,  181,  0  181,  0  270. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


39 


Columbella 

uiicinata,  25,  53,  155. 
unicolor,  0  181,  O  342,  0  361. 
valga,  84. 

varia,  181,  0  181,  0  270,  P  507. 
varians,   155,  0  270,  O   341,  0 

361. 
venusta,  53. 
vexillum,  53. 
ColuB 

arctatus,  77. 
Concholepas 

aiitiquata,  P  297,  R  3. 
Peruviana,  O  231. 
subrufa,  R  4. 
Conella 

cedo-milli,  28,  in. 
coniformia,  25. 
Conovulus 

uiyosotis,  P  112. 
Conu3 

abbreviatus,  il. 

achatinus,  0  228,  0  236,  0  259, 

P  403,  P  537,  U  206. 
archon,  0  182,  O  208,  0  323' 
arcuatus,   9,    27,  46,  O    176,  0 

259.  O  323,  P  402. 
arenatus,    0     243,    0     259,    P 

404. 
brunueus,    no,   0    184,  0   270, 

0  292,  0  333,  0  360. 
Californicus,    21,   23,    27,    144, 

0  205,  0  332. 
cinctiis,  0  170,  0  333. 
coeleb3,  0  205. 
comptus,  0  228,  0  230,  0   ?S9, 

O  332,  P  402,  U  206. 
conclnnus,  0  285,  0  292,  0  297, 

O332. 
Cumingii,  46. 
depenUturJ,  0  170. 
diadem  a,  0  1S4,  0  333,  0  360. 
ebraeus,  7. 
emprginatus,  152. 
ferrugatus,   0    285,   0    332,    0 

352. 


ConuB 


gladiator,   24,   27,    no,  0   182, 

0  259,  0  270,  0  282,  0  332, 

P405. 
gradatus,  7,  10,  46,0  178. 
Lieroglyphus,  il. 
h^ieiia,  O  170. 
incurvua,  46, 
iuterruptus,  9,  45,  46,  1 52,  154, 

0    176,  0  1S7,  O  23s,  0  360, 

P  402. 
— ^^  var.  0  292. 
Largillierti,  58. 

lineolatus,  0  170,  0  270,  0  333. 
Lorenzianus,  46,  0  294,  0  333. 
Luzonicus,  var.  0    184,   0    333, 

O360. 
Mahogani,    9,    24,    154,   0   270, 

0  282,  0  292,  0  333. 
Mauritianus,  46. 
Mediterraneus,  0  222. 
mininiiis,  O  291,  O  360. 
minimus,  var.  0  333. 
nux,   21,  24,27,  no,  0  182,  0 

259,  0   270,  0  332,  0  360,  P 

405. 
omaria,  O  238,  P  544. 
Orion,  0  1S2,  0  333. 
var.  papillosus,  46, 
patriciiis,  O  205,  0  333. 
perplexus,  46. 
Philippii,  59. 
princeps,  7,    58,   no,  0    170,  0 

183,    O    233,    0    238,  0   333, 

0  352,  P  544. 

pulcbellus,  0  187. 
puncticHlatus,   9,   27,  46,    154, 
0  238,  0  259,  0  332,  P  404, 

PS44- 

purpurascens,  24,  27,  32,  no, 
181,  O  176,  O  182,  0  228, 
0  230,  O  259,  0  270,  0  332, 
0  364,  P  402,  P  403,  U  206. 

purpurascens,  var.  0  259,  P 
403. 

pnrpareus,  0  236. 


23 


40 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES, 


Conus 

pusillus,  9,   21,  0   228,  0   230, 

O  S32,  U  206. 
var.  pusillus,  1 10. 
pustolosu3,  46. 
pyriformis,  0  292,  0  333. 
ravus,   21,   144,  0  228,  O  230, 

O  332,  0  333,  0  349,  U  206. 
regalitatis,  32,  no,  181,  0   184, 

O  236,  O  259,  0  270,  0  282, 

O  333,  P  403- 
regiu3,  7,  58,  0  170,  0  270. 
regularis,  24,  27,  0  238,  •".    259, 

O  270,  O  292,  0  333,  O  352, 

P  401,  P  544. 
regularis,  var.  46,  0  176. 
retiiulatus,  152. 
scalaris,  7,  10,  46,  no,  0  170, 

O  259,  P  406. 
terebellum,  O  205. 
tiaratus,  46,  O  182,  0  292,0  360. 
tornaturi,  9,  no,  0  188,  0  333. 
trocliulus,  O  235. 
variii?,  O  1S7,  O  360. 
virgatns,  mr.  46. 
vittatus,  O  270,  0  292,  0  333. 
Xime'ies,  9,  46,  0  177,  0  333. 
Zebra,  46. 
Cooperella 

scintillseformis^  97,  125. 
Corbicula 

convexa,  154,  164,  0  287. 
veiitricosa,  164. 
Corbula 

alba,  0  224,  0  228,  O  244,  P  534, 

P547. 
blcarinata,  23,  0   183,  O  224,  O 

228,  0  244,  0   280,  0  281,  0 

300,  O  364,  P  21,  U  199. 
biradiata,  20,  23,  39,  123,  204, 

205,   0    183,  0   244,   0    2S0, 

O  300,  P  22. 
Boivinei,  0  300. 
carinata,  0  224. 
Cnbaniaiia,  0  364. 
Diegoana,  75. 


Corbula 

fragilia,  O  207,  0  300. 

gibbosa,  O  175,  0  347. 

luteola,  97,  123. 

mariiiorata,  0  207,  0  300. 

nasuta,  23,  O  228,  O  300. 

miciformis,  23,  154,  0  183,  0 
300. 

obeaa,  204,  0  207,  O  300. 

ovulata,  33,  154,  204,  O  183, 
0  22S,  O  244,  O  2S0,  0  300, 
P23. 

polychroma,  20,  39,  205,  0  226, 
O  228,  O  300,  U  19S. 

pustulosa,  39,  204,  0  244, 0  300, 
P  22. 

radiata,  0  207. 

rostrata,  0  175. 

rubra,  39,  204,  O  2S0,  0  300, 

soaplioides,  P  547. 

speclosa,  0  207,  O  300. 

Taheitensis,  0  280. 

tenuis,  23,  204,  O  183,  0  228, 
O  244,  0  2S0,  O  300. 

?nstulata,  0  236,  P  539. 

ventricosa,  0  5S4,  0  300. 

venusta,  73. 
Coralliophila 

Caiifornica,  O  287. 

niadrpporarum,  63. 
Corniculina 

Ebrenbergii,  X  419. 
Cornuoides 

major,  X  416,  X  425,  X  426. 

minor,  X  426,  X  436. 
Coronaads 

nux,  P  405. 
Crania 
I  radiosa,  55. 

Crassatella 
I  alta,  75. 

collina,  81. 

Esquimalti,  qi. 

Guadalupensis,  P  549. 

gibbosa,  23,  106,  155,  204,  306, 
0  280,  0  297. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


41 


Crassatella 

Martinicensis,  0  364,  P  549. 

Facifica,  loi. 

undulata,  0  297. 

Uvasana,  75. 

variaiis,  106. 
Crassispira 

aterrima,  P  393. 

incrassata,  P  392. 

luctuosa,  P  397. 

rudis,  P  393. 

zonulata,  P  395. 
Cremides 

Barbadensis,  P  215. 

Peruviana,  P  219. 

rugosa,  P  216. 
Crenella 

coarctata,  50,  107,  O  226,  0  234, 
0  248,  O  309,  0  359,  P  123. 

decussata,  97,  130,  169,  170, 
212. 

discrepans,  0  309. 

inflata,  39,  104,  21 1. 
Crepidula 

aculeata,  24,  27,  47,  51,  69,  92, 
108, 140, 196,  O  2, 0  190, 0  200, 
O  235,  0  236,  O  254,  0  2S2, 

0  323,  0  353,  O  363,  0  36s, 
P  268,  P  269,  P  283,  P  292. 

aculeata,  var.  0  276,  V  225. 

Adolphei,  0  254,  P  272. 

adunca,  23,  25,  27,  31,  37,  51, 
79,  98,  108,  140,  197,0  174, 
O  206,  0  209,  0  212,  O  230, 
O  236,  O  254,  0  276,  0  323, 
P  263,  P  275,  P  277. 

arcuata,  O  254,  P  272. 

arenata,  27,  51,  151,  0  184, 
0  282,  0  323,  P  275. 

arenata,  var.  151. 

anricnlata,  P  289. 

var.  bilobata,  17,  52,  140,  O  3, 
O254. 

ca'iceolina,  0  276. 

Californica,  52,  0  2,  0  2CX),  0 
254,  P  268,  V  225. 


Crepidula 

calyptraeformis,  P  270. 
capeusis,  O  209,  P  268. 
cerithicola,  0  254,  0  276,  P  27S. 
contorta,  0    239,  O   254,  P   278, 

P545- 
costata,  0  2,  0  236,0  239,0  254, 

P  268,  P  537,  P  545. 
depressa,  O  254,  P  272. 
dilatata,    51,   0    172,  O    190,  O 

254,   0    323,   0   366,    P    272, 

P  285,  P  292. 
dilatata,  rar.  0  190. 
dorsata,   13,   17,  23,  52,  92,  140, 

O  254,  P  273,  P  274,  P  288. 
echinus,  52,0254,0276,0363, 

P  268. 
excavata,  20,   24,   51,  98,    108, 

140,  152,  196,  0  230,  0  235, 

O  254,  O  276,  0  364,  P  274. 
———  var.  loS. 
explanata,  27,  52,    140,  0    200, 

O  204,  O  228,  O  233,  O  255, 

0  323,  P    281,  P    282,  U  205, 

V  225. 

exuviata,    140,   0   200,   O   228, 
O   233,  O  255,  P   281,  U  205, 

V  225. 
flmbriata,  17,  51,  140. 
foliacea,  0  190,  0  254,  P  272,  P 

292. 
fornicata,  20,  P  282,  P  286. 
Goreensis.  O  239,  0  369,  0  365, 

P  280,  P  284,  P  286,  P  545. 
grandis,  20,  25,  70,  76, 169,  322, 

O  216,  0  223,  0  323. 
hepatica,    196,  0  236,  O    254,  O 

276,  P  276,  P  278,  P  537,  V  225. 
hystrix,  5 :,  0  363,  P  269,  P  293. 

var.  69. 

incurva,  24,  37,  52,  79,  154, 196, 

O  190,  O  230,  0  236,  O  254, 

O  276,  0  284,  0  323,  0  352, 

P  276,  P  277,  P  279,  P  292. 
incurva,  var.  P  275. 
incurvata,  0  175. 


43 


INDEX    OP    SPECIES, 


Crepidula 

Italica,  0  255,  0  276,  P  284. 
Lessonii,    51,    140,    196,   197,  0 
190,    0   276,    O   3SS,   P    269, 
P  282,  P  293. 
lineolata,  P  272. 
lingulata,  17,  52,  92,  140,0  209, 

0323- 

lirata,  52. 

margiiialis,  O  184,  0  324,  P  292. 

miuuta,  17,  20,  O    200,  O    216, 

O  223,  0  323,  V  225. 
naatiloides,  51,  O  254,  P  272. 
navicelloides,  17,  20,  25,52, 140, 

O  200,  P  2S1,  V  225. 
navicelloides,  var.  0  200. 
nivea,  26,  37,  154,  196, 197,  0  2, 

O   190,  O  255,  0  276,  O  323, 

O  358,  P  269,  P  270,  P  272, 

P  279,  P  281,  p  2S2,  p  285, 

P  286,  P  292,  P  293,  U  205, 
V  225. 

nivea,  var.  O  190,  0  239,  0  276. 

nummaria,  17,  52,  140,  O  200, 
O  209,  0  212,  0  323,  V  225. 

onyx,  27,  37,  52,  loS,  152,  196, 
O  190,  O  200,  O  204,  O  230, 
O  235,  O  254,  0  276,  O  278, 
O  323,  O  364,  0  366,  P  272, 
P  276,  P  277,  P  292,  V  225. 

osculans,   31,    37,    197,   O   276, 

0  323. 
pallida,  0  254,  P  272. 
Patagonica,  0  190,  O  254,0  255, 

P  272,  P  281,  P  292. 
patula,  O  254,  P  272. 
perforans,  52,  140,  0  200,  0  228, 

O  233,  IT  205,  V  225. 
Peruviana,  O  24,3  0  254,  0  366, 

P  272. 
plana,  0  255,  O  276,  P  284. 
porcellana,  O  364,  P  275. 
prinoeps,  20,  25,  76,  166. 
prorupta,  166,  0  369. 
protea,  0  255,  P  272,  P  281  ,P  292. 
rostriformis,  32,  37,  51, 140,  197, 


Crepidula 

O  209,  0   230,  0  254,  O   276, 

0  3^3,  P  275- 
roatrata,  32,  37,   52,    140,    197, 

0  254,  O  276,  O  323,  P  275. 
rudis.  P  263,  P  2S9. 
rugosa,  23,  27,  51,  79, 140,  o  200, 

O  323,  0   349,  P  278,  P  279, 

V  224. 
Sitchana,    20,  0   216,  0    223,  0 

323- 
solida,    31,  37,    51,    140,    197, 

0  206,  0  216,  O  224,  0  254, 

O  276,  0  323,  P  275. 
sordida,  O  324, 
squama,  32,  51,  140,  196,  0  184, 

0   235,  0   255,  O   276,  0  286, 

P  269,  P  280,  P  281,  V  225, 
squamosa,  35. 
strigata,  0  254,  P  272. 
striolata,  37,  0    2,  0  239,  O  255, 

O    276,  P   280,  P  281,  P  282, 

P545. 

umbrella,  P  263,  P  289. 

uncpta,  32,  37,  52,  140,  197, 
0  254,  0  276,  P  275,  P  538. 

unguiculua,  P  281. 

var.  0  255,  P  281. 

nnguifnrmis,  27,  37,  140,  196, 
197,  0  2,  0  184,  0  222,  0  255, 
O  276,  0  282,  0  323,  0  363, 
0  365,  P  272,  P  2S2,  P  284, 
P  2S5,  P  2S6,  V  225. 

unguiformis,  var.  0  275. 
Crepipatella 

auuleata,  P  268. 

Adolphei,  P  272. 

dilatata,  P  272. 

dorsata,  0  3, 

echinus,  P  268. 

explanata,  0  2. 

foliacea,  P  272. 

hepatica,  P  278 

hystrix,  P  268. 

pallida,  P  272. 

strigata,  P  272. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


48 


Creseia 

caligula,  O  173. 
coruucopiae,  0  173. 
rugulosa,  X  425. 
Crucibulum 

auriculatum,  T  168. 

auritum,  52. 

Byroneuse,  52. 

cinereum,  52. 

corrugatum,  24,  52,  U  204. 

dentatum,  O  235,  T  167. 

extiuctoruin,  O  364,  P  287, 

ferrugineum,  52. 

gemmaceum,  52. 

liispidum,  52. 

imbricatuin,  27,    52,    loS,    151, 

152,    153,    195,    O    3,   0    179, 

0    190,  0    204,  0  230,  0  235, 

0   255,  O    275,  O  323,  P  287, 

P  292,  P  293,  T  167,  T  168. 
imbricatum,  vor.  0  275. 
imbricatuin,    var.  Bioderipii,  O 

190,    0    28S,    P   2S7,   T    1 68, 

U  205. 
imbricatum,   var.    Carribbense, 

T  167, 
imbricatum,    var.    Cumingii,  O 

190,    O    288,   0   363,    P    292, 

T167. 
Jewettii,  21,  0  228,0  230,  0  323. 
lignarium,  52,  0  224,  0  323. 
maculatum,  52. 
var.  195, 

ctinatum,  24,  27,    52,  P    292, 

T  168. 
peziza,  52. 
quiriquinum,  52. 
radiatum,  24,  0  323. 
rude,  195,  0  235,  0  276,  0  282, 

T  168. 
rugosiim,  52,  0  255. 
scutellatura,  52,  0  255,  P  287. 
serratum,  52,  0  323,  P  292. 
sordidum,  52. 
spinosum,  23,  24,  27,  52,  61,  76, 

79,   108,   140,   15I1   152,  195. 


Crucibulum 

O   3,0    179,   0    190,   0   200, 

0    204,  O    230,  0  233,  O    235, 

O    255,  O    280,  O    283,  O  323^ 

O  353,  P  290,  P  292,  P  293. 
spinosum,  i-nr.  10. 
spiuoAum,  var.    comprfsso-coni- 

cum,  O  288,  T  107, 
striatum,  52. 
tenue,  O  235. 
tubiferum,  52. 
umbrella,    24,    27,  43,  52,   195, 

O  323,  0  364,  P  295,  T  168. 
unguis,  52. 

violasceus,  T  166,  U  205. 
Crypta 

Goreeusis,  P  285. 
nivea,  0  2,  P  281. 
Peruviana,  P  272. 
rostrata,  P  275. 
rugosa,  P  278. 
Cryptobranchia 
t-audida,  O  219. 
cfeea,  0  219. 
Cryptochiton 

Stelleri,    23,     70,     134,    0    297, 

0318. 
Cryptodon 

lltxuosus,  97,  129,  168. 

myoides,  1 1. 

Niittar.ii,    II,  61,  72,  O    194,  0 

300,  O349,  V  210. 
serricatus,  88,  129. 
Cryptomya 

Californica,   22,   26,    71,  78,  79, 

87,  88,  119,  123,  0  194,0  211, 

V  210. 
ovalis,  79, 
Cul .  ellus 

lucidus,  O  349. 
subteres,  0  195. 
Cuma 

calcar,  P  482. 

costatnm,  7,  35,  155,  180, 0  262, 

0  340,  P  482,  P  484,  P  485. 
diadema,  P  482. 


44 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


Cuma 

kiosquiforme,    24,    iSo,   0   262, 

O  340,  P  4S1. 
kiosquiforme,  var.  0  190. 
sulcatum,  O  269. 
tectum,  24,  48,  180,  O  182,  O  191, 

O340,  P355,  P475,  P481. 
Cumingia 

-Adamsii,  38,  203. 
Californica,  26, 126,0  195,0231, 
O   234,  O    245,  O   304,  0  351, 


var. 


O   234,  O    245,  w   jv 

O  353,  P  30,  V  213. 

ir.  coarctata,  38,   47,   203,    0 

245,  0  279. 
lamellosa,   38,   47,    203,  0    183, 

O  24s,  0  304,  P  29,  P  30. 
siniilis,  40. 


striata,  O  245. 

trigonularis,    38,   47,    105,   203, 
O  245,  O  279,  O  ^f"-  P  "JO. 
var.  0  184. 


—  7    —     — r_;- 

trigonularis,    38,   47,    105,   2 
O  245,  O  279,  O  304,  P  30. 

• var.  '^  '*'' 

Cyathodonta 

plicata,  27. 

nndulata,  119. 
Cycladella 

papyracea,  29,  257. 
Cycladina 

Adausonii,  P  108. 
Cyclas 

acuminata,  164. 

australis,  P  108. 

calyculata,  O  222,  P  106. 

cornea,  164,  0  210, 0  222,  P  !o6. 

edeutula,  164. 

egregia,  O  213,  0  308. 

Estrellana,  81. 

inornata,  164. 

minor,  165. 

modesta,  164. 

iiobilia,  165. 

ovalis,  165. 

panduta,  81. 

patella,  165,  O  210,  0  308. 

permacra,  81. 

simplex,  164. 

Spokani,  91. 


Cyclas 

striatina,  164. 
tenuistriata,  164, 
triangularis,  164. 
tumida,  91. 
Cyclina 

producta,  0  2S4,  0  305,  S  l6r. 
saccata,  O  305. 

subquadrata,    77,    201,    O    227, 
O   246,  0    2  78,  0   305,  O  364, 
P62,  S  161,  U  201. 
Cyclophorua 

pouderosus,  45. 
translucidiis,  45. 
Cyclostoma 

acutuui,  O  220. 
anatinum,  O  220. 
giganteum,  0  185. 
Mexicanum,  O  265. 
Cyclostrema 

excavatum,  T  169. 
octoliratum,  T  169. 
pentegoniostoma,  T  169. 
Cyclotus 

giganteus,  0  326. 
Cyllcbna 

Carpenter!,  34. 

(fcylindracea,     var.)     attonsa, 

23.  89,  133,  169. 
inculta,  133. 
luticola,  34,  194,  0  250,  0  275, 

O313,  P170. 
mamillata,  133,  0  366. 
planata,  133,  307. 
triticea,  71. 
Cylinder 

porplijreticas,  48. 
Cylindrella 

Ghiesbrephti,  44. 
Liebmauiii,  0  295. 
Pfeifferi,  0  295. 
salpinx,  44. 
teres.  O  295. 
Cymbium 

patulum,  48. 
tuberosum,  48. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


45 


Cypraea 

aiiusta,  9,  O  291. 

acicularis,  P  373 

albiiginosa,  8,  45,  O  291. 

approxiiuaiid,  O  285. 

Arabica,  O  239,  O  265,  P  545. 

arabicula,  35,  170,0  164,0  170, 
O  178,(3  235,0  236,0  239, 
0  282,  P  373,  P  537,  P  545- 

arabicula,  var.,  O  267. 

armaiiiua,  0  18S,  O  292. 

Califurniaua,  8. 

Califoruica,  0  230,  0  291. 

caudidula,  O  2S5,  O  294. 

cervina,  O  25S,  P  371. 

cervinetta,    176,  0  258,  O  267, 

o  282,  0  328,0  363,  P  3-1, 

P372- 
cervus,  O  258,  P  372. 

var.  P  371. 

coslata,  8. 

eglantina,  11,  0  265. 
exanthema,   27,    153,    154,   i65, 

176,  O    258,  O   32S,  0   362,  O 

363,  P  371,  P  372. 
.  var.  O  267. 

flaveola,  P  373. 
fusca,  0    187,  0   239,  P   378,  P 

545- 
irina,  0  1S7. 
Laraarckii,  O  170,  O  293. 
lathyrus,  0  258,  0  293. 
Maugeriffi,  O  1S2,  O  291, 
uigropuuctata,  0  187,  0  190. 
nymphsB,  O  291. 
obesa,  0  235. 
olorina,  0  285. 
oniscus,  8,  O  267,  P  376. 
onyx,  9,  49,  0  291. 
Pacifica,  O  182,  0  230. 
pediculus,  8,  O  230. 
poraria,  8. 
pulla,  0    186,  O    2S6,  O   291,  P 

379- 
punctulata,  35,    176,  O    230,  O 
267,  0  291,  P  374. 


Cypraea 

pustulata,  6,  8,  48,  176,  0  174, 
0  230,  O  236,  0  239,  0  267, 

P  375,  P  537,  P  545. 
radians,  8,   177,  O    170,  0    174, 

0  230,  0  233,  0  267. 
rubescens,    35,    177,    O    182,  O 

267,  0  291,  P  3 78. 
sauguinea,    177,  O   230,  O  236, 

O  239,  O   25S,  0  267,  O   2S8, 

0  293,  P  537,  P  545. 
Solaudri,  0  230,  0  236,  0  291, 

P  377,  P  537. 
Sowerbyi,  O  235,  0  236,  0  293, 

P537. 
spadicea,  7,  8,  49,  0  230,  0  235. 
spurca,  P  373. 
stercoraria,  P  373. 
subrostrata,    8,  O   239,  0    292, 

O  294,  P  379,  P  545. 
suffusa,  0  188,  O  230,  O  292. 
tigris,  109. 
zebra,  P  371. 

zonata,  0  235,  0  236,  0  293. 
Cypraecassia 
tenuis,  153, 
testiculus,  152. 
Cyrena 

acuta,  164. 

aequi  lateralis,  164. 

altilis,  164,  O   I,  0  227,  0  232, 

O  248,  P  115,  U  202. 
angulata,  164. 
Califoruica,  164. 
cordiformis,  164. 
Cuuiingii,  164,  O  287. 
Floridana,  0    i,  O   281,  P    115, 

P  116. 
Fontaine!,  164,  0   248,   0   281, 

P  114. 
fragilis,  164,  P  115. 
inflata,   164,  0   287,  0   296,  O 

309. 
Insignis,  164,  0  287,  0  308. 
maritima,  38,  164,  201,  0  278, 

0  309,  S  161. 


46 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Cyrena 

Mexicaua,  27,  164,  O  i,  0  175, 
0248,0281,0308,  P  115. 

Muxicaua,  vur.  O  227,  O  232. 

altilis,  U  202. 

olivacea,  27,  164,  0  248, "O  281, 
0  30S,  P  114,  P  1 16, 

Panainendi:^,  164. 

placens,  P  114. 

pullastra,  164, 

radiata,  164. 

Recluzii,  164. 

solida,  60,  164,  0  281,  O  309. 

sordida,  164. 

subquadiata,  164,  0  287,  0  309. 

triangula,  164. 

tumida,  164. 

vai;   lis,  164,  P  115. 
Cyrenoida 

seirifata,  P  104. 
Cyrtopleura 

truuL-ata,  121. 
Cyrtulus 

distortus,  0  231. 

patulus,  P  501. 
Cytherea 

aHjuilatera,  0  203,  0  246,  P  549, 

affinis,  201,  O  1S5,  O  191,0  229, 
O  247,  0  278,  P  69. 

alternata,  0  247,  O  2S9,  P  69. 

argeutiua,  0  185,  O  236,  P  539. 

arguta,  60. 

aurantia,  0  174,  0  229,  0  278. 

a   rantiaca,  47,  201,   0   246,  0 
278,  P  63. 

biradiata,  9,  0  211,  0  236,  0 
246,  0  366,  P  64. 

brevispina,  O  281. 

brevispiiiosa,  O  289,  P  69. 

callosa,  r2,  279,  0  197,  V  216, 

casta,  P  70. 

castanea,  P  70. 

chione,  O  2ir,  0  2S9,  P  64. 

chionsea,  O  236,  P  64,  P  539. 

circiriata,  O  289,  P  69. 

concinna,  O  185,  P  69. 


Cytherea 

consauguima,  5S,  201,  O  278. 
corbiuula,  O    246,  P    54,  P   55, 

P539. 
crassatelloides,  58,0  196,0  207, 

P  58,  V  216. 
Darieiia,  80. 
deci.sa,  77. 
Dioue,  iv(r.    61,  0   1S5,  O  246, 

O  2S5,  P  67. 
Dunkuri,  60. 
elegaus,  O  246,  P  64. 
erycinoides,  V  216. 
forinosa,  P  70. 
fusca,  P  70. 
gigaiitea,  39,  60,  0  246,  0  2S9, 

P  60. 
gracilior,  58,  0  246,  P  55. 
graphiua,  P  70. 
(lUineeusis,  P  69. 
Iliiidsii,  0  246,  P  55. 
impudiea,  P  70. 

iuterniiilia,  0  246,  0  289,  P  55. 
IsBta,  58. 
lepida,  0  246. 
lijula,  58. 
lupiuaria,    6,  0    1S5,  0  229,  0 

2S4,  P  67. 
Insoria,  P  70. 
lutfiv,  5S. 
m  ictroides,  60,  O  246,  P  55,  P 

59. 
meretrix,  58,  P  70. 
morphiua,  P  70. 
uitidnla,  58. 
nobilis,  12,  106,  280. 
oviiin,  P  70. 

Pacifica,  60,  O  246,  P  55. 
peteuhialis,  69,  O  202,  0  247, 

O  305,  O  366,  P  70. 
lanulata,  47, 0  1 76, 0  189,  P  59. 
punctata,  P  97. 
radiata,  58,  201,  O  191,  0  278. 
rosea,  0  175. 
semifulva,  0  236,  O  246,  P  55, 

PS39. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES 


47 


Cytherea 

beuiilatnellosa,  6,   6i,  0    246,  F 
67,  P  68. 

solidissiiua,  0  196,  O  296. 

Sijualida,   201,   0   246,  0    278, 
O  366,  P  64. 

subsulcata,  O  247,  P  79. 

tigerina,  P  96. 

tortuosa,  O  185,  0  229,  0  247. 

undulata,  O  1S9,  O  246,  P  59. 

uuicolor,  O  185. 

vuliierata,  O  185,  P  68. 

zonaria,  P  70. 
Cytbna 

alLi.la,  99,  143. 

asteriapliila,  104,  218. 

tumeus,  143,  218. 

Dactylidea 

mutica,  P  470, 
Dactylina 

Caiupechensis,  121. 

Chiloensls,  121. 

dactylus,  39. 

laqueata,  23. 
Dactylus 

iucrassatus,  P  464, 
Daedalochila 

iiiiplicata,  0  294. 
Daphnella 

aspera,  144,  314. 

eflfusa,  114,  144,  243. 

casta,  24,  109,  O  205,  0  332. 

crebriplicata,  109. 

filosa,  23,  144,  284. 
Darina 

declivis,  93,  123,  251. 
Defirancia 

bella,  0  230,  O  349. 

iutercalaris,  S  163. 

intricata,  97,  122,  P  6,  0   244, 
O  298. 

ran  a,  P  399, 

rava,   0   259,  0  331,  S   163,  S 
164. 

aerrata,  S  163. 


Dendronotua 

aiboresceus,  0  2lS,  0  313. 

iris,  95. 
Dendropoma 

lituella,  42.    • 
iiiHganiastum,  42. 
Dentalium 

corrugatum,  O   251,   0   317,    P 

1 89. 
deiitalis,  O  222. 
eburneuin,  134. 
elephaiitinuiu,  P  314,  X  419. 
eutalis,  46,  98,  134,  O  296, 
glabrim,  X  414,  X  435,  X  436. 

V(ir.  X  414. 

liexagorinm,  46,  98,  134,  154, 
h7alinum,3i,  134,  O  225,0251, 

O317.  P18S,  P536. 
imperforatum,    X   414,   X   425, 

X436. 
incurvum,  X  425. 
var.  Indianoruii),  98,  134,  169. 
lac'teum,  31,  152. 
liratULQ,  46, 0  251, 0  317,  P  188. 
miuutum,  X  413,  X  435. 
nebulosuni,  O  175. 
polituin,  O  223,  0  317. 
pretiosum,    31,   46,   98,    134,  0 

251,  0  296,  P  1S9. 
pseudosexagonum,  46. 
quadrangulare,  46. 
rectius,  89,  134. 
semi  poll  turn,  31,  98,    134,    152, 

O  175. 
spleiididutn,  46. 
gtriolatum,  46. 
oubstriatum,  0  367. 
tessaragoiiuin,  O  180,  0  317. 
tetragonujn,  46,  152. 
trachea,  X  414,  X  423,  X  425,   ' 

var.  X  414. 

Diadora 

crucibuliformis,  80. 
Diala 

acuta,  99,  143. 
electrina,  104,  217. 


48 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Diala 

luaiuillata,  ^j,  P  412. 
,  martuorea,  99,  143. 

paupercula,  259 
Dioue 

affliiis,  O  305. 

alteniala,  0  363. 

auraiitia,  O    246,  O   305,   P    56 

P63. 
aurantiaca,  0  282. 
biradiata,  O  232,  0  305,  P  VI. 
brevispina,  57. 
brevispinata,  57,  0  281,  P  69. 
brevispinosa,   0    247,  O   305,  0 

358,  P  69. 
cbione,  0   366,  P    VI.,  P   63,  P 

65. 
chionaea,  0  226,  0  232,  0  234, 

O  246,  0  282,  0  305,  0  352, 

0  366,PVI,P63,  P64,P65, 

P70. 
cbionaea,  var.  0  364. 
circinata,   58,  0    ^32,  O    247,  O 

305,  0  363,  P  69. 
concinna,  0  247,  O  305,  P  69. 
cousaiiguinea,  0  305. 
dioiie,  0  232,  0  364. 
elegans,  P  VI. 
exspinata,  58. 
lepida,  0  234. 
lupiuaria,  57,  0    232,  O   246,  O 

265,  O  297,  0  305,  0  358,  O 

O  364,  P  67. 
maculata,  57,  0  364,  P  65. 
miiltispiuosa,  57. 
Dobilis,  57. 
pannosa,  58,  211. 
prora,  58. 

. var.  210. 

puella,  21. 

rosea,  0    232,  0   234,  O   246,  O 

305,  P  66. 
Bemilamellosa,  57,  58. 
squalida,  0  305,  P  VI.,  P  64. 
tortuosa,  O  305. 
uuicolor,  jS,  0  305. 


Dlone 

Veneris,  57,  P  67. 
vulnerata,  O  246,  0  305,  P  68. 
Diplodonta 

calculus,  106,0  308. 

circularis,  0  366. 

obliqua,  0  224,   0  248,  O  308, 

P  103,  P  534- 
orbella,    12,   22,  26,   113,  129,0 

197,   0   232,    0    308,    O    349, 

O  351,  0  352,  U  202,  V  218. 
semiaspera,    30,     154,    O     197, 

O   224,  O  229,  0  248,  0  297, 

0  30S,  0  363,  0  366,  P  102. 

var.  0  227,  U  202. 

semiaspera,     var.      discrepans, 

O  248,  P  103. 
serricata,  0  248,  P  104. 
subquadrata,  106,  0  2S7,  0  308, 

Q  230. 
trigonula,  P  103. 
iindata,  P  103. 
Discina 

Cumingii,  37,  105,  155,  194,205, 

266,  0  244,  O  298,  0  366,  P  7. 
Evan^  i,  55,  102,  0  29S,  O  349. 
striata,  0  366. 
strigata,  54. 
Discopora 

tris-pinosa,  P  3. 
Discus 

Vancoaverensis,  157. 
Dispotaea 

Byronensis,  10. 
dentata,  0  3,  P  2S7. 
spiuosa,  O  239,  P  546. 
striata,  Q  234. 
Distortio 

anus,  O  171. 
coiistrictus,  182. 
Ditrupa 

gad  us,  X  413. 
Dolium 

crassilabre,  O  238,  P  543. 
dentatum,  8,  0  238,  P  543. 
latilabre,  0  238. 


IJDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


49 


Dolium 

personatum.  0  238. 

petrosum,  166,  O  367. 

plicosum,  0  238. 

pomum,  0  174. 

riugens,   8,    179,0  231,  0   238, 
0  269,  0  292. 
Donaz 

abruptus,  O  232. 

assimilis,  23,  202,  O  1S6,  O  236, 
0   245,  O  279,  O   297,  O  304, 

P44. 

bellus,  O  226,  0  2S7,  0  304. 

var.  caelatus,  23,  106. 

Californicns,  22,  26,  126,  151, 
0  195,  O  196,  O  227,  0  229, 
O  232,  0  241,  O  246,  O  287, 
O  296,  O  304,  O  349,  0  351, 
0  352,  P  47,  P  54S,  U  200, 
V213. 

cariuatus,  23,  38,  154,  202, 
O  208,  O  232,  O  285,  0  304, 

P  43,  P  44- 
carinatus,  var.  202,  0  245,  P  43. 
Carpenteri,  0  287,  O  304. 
compressus,  0  236,  P  539. 
Conradi,    106,    0    170,   0    241, 

O  246,  O  287,  O  289,  0  304, 

P  46,  P  47,  P  548,  V  213. 
Couradi,  var.  0  196. 
contusus,  O  241,  O  246,  0  287, 

O  289,  P  47,  P  548. 
culminatus,    38,     202,    0    229, 

O  245,  P  43,  P  548,  U  200. 
culler,  0    241,    O    246,    0    2S5, 

O  287,  P  47,  P  48. 

var.  P  48,  P  548. 

elongatas,  9. 

flexuosus,   21,  22,    126,  0    227, 

O    229,  O   304,  O    349,  P   44, 

P  548,  U  200. 
gracilis,  23,  202,  0  186,  O  229, 

O  279,  0  304. 
loBvigatus,  O  227,  O  232. 
Lainarckii,  21. 
Lessoni,  0  246,  P  59. 
4 


Donaz 

Martinicensis,  0  245. 
navicula,  23,  27,  106,  126,  202, 

O   i86,  O  229,  O   246,  O  279, 

O  304,  P  so,  P  54S. 
obesus,  126,    0    195,  O    196,  O 

227,   0    296,   0   304,    U   200, 

V213. 
obesulus,  0  287. 
ovalinus,  O  2S7,  O  304. 
Panamensis,  0  295,  O  304. 
pretextus,  O  367. 
pulchellus,  Q  230. 
punctatostriatus,  7,  23,  27,  77, 

126,  151,0  170,0  232,0241, 

O  246,  O  285,  0   296,  O  304, 

P   44,  P   46,  P   48,  U    200,  V 

213- 

punctostriatus,     var.     cselatus, 

O  246,  P  46. 
radiatus,  7,0  170,0  191,0  246, 

O  287,  P  44. 
rostratus,  23,  27,  38,   154,  202, 

O  229,  O  24s,  0  279,  0  304, 

O  364,  P  54S,  U  200. 
rugosus,  0  364. 
scalpellum,  9,  0  178,  P  44. 
scortum,  0  296. 
semistriatus,  O  287,  Q  230. 
serrula,  P  548. 
stultorum,  10. 
sulcatus,  0  226. 
transversus,    23,    154,     0     174, 

O  245,  0  304,  P  44,  P  548. 
Doris 

alabastrina,  94. 
albopunctata,  95. 
•        Sandiegensis,  94,  95. 
sanguinea,  94,  95. 
Montereyensis,  94,  95. 
Doslnia 

alta,  80,  81. 

Annae,  154,  O  246,  0  305,  P  61. 

callosa,   279,  0  281,  O  305,  O 

349,  V  216. 
concentiica,  P  60. 


50 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Dosinia 

distans,  P  6o. 

Duukeri,  23,  106,  0  163,  O  186, 

O  229,  O  232,  0  246,  O   2S2, 

0  287,  O  305. 
gigantea,  0  232,  O  234. 
longula,  80,  8i. 
Montana,  81. 
ponderosa,    27,     39,     106,     151, 

0  246,  0  305,  P  60,  P  61, 
saccata,  0  232. 
simplex,  0  232,  0  287,  0  305, 

P61. 
subobliqua,  81. 
turgida,  O  28:. 
Drillia 

alabastra,  0  364. 
albicostata,  0  331,  0  360. 
albolaqueata,  155. 
albonodosa,  O  331,  P  397. 
albovallosa,   109,  0  226,  O  230, 

0  25S,  0  331,  P  296. 
appressa,  104,  218. 
arcaata,  0  331. 
aspera,  P  395. 
ater,  0  331. 
aterrima,  24,  36,  109,   183.  184, 

0  331,  0  364,  P  393,  P  395. 
aterrima,    var.     Melchersi,    36, 

109,  0  258,  P  393. 
atrior,  0  331. 
atronodosa,  O  258. 
ticolor,  0  331,  O  360. 
cancellata,  89,  144. 
cerithoidea,   0    258,    0    330,   P 

394. 
cincta,  O  331. 
coelata,  O  331. 
coelebs,  0  331. 
collaris,  183,  0  331. 
corrngata,  183,  O  331. 
discors,  183,  O  331. 
duplicata,  184,  O  331. 
eburnea,  154,  273. 
exarata,  24. 
exceutrica,  184,  0  331,  O  360. 


Drillia 

gibbosa,  0  364,  P  392. 
gracillima,  vur.  24. 
graudimaculata,  184,  0  331. 
granulosa,  0  331. 
Ilanleyi,  O  259,  O  331,  P  398. 
liexagona,  24.  0  331, 
impressa,  0  331. 
iucisa,  89,  143,  144, 
incrassata,  24,  154,   184,0  258, 

0  33h  O  364,  P  392. 
inermis,    23,  27,   70,    143,    169, 

O330. 
luctuosa,    109,    143,   0   258,   O 

33°,    P   385,    P   392,  P    394, 

P  397,  P  398. 
maculosa,  P  391. 
maura,  109. 
militaris,  0  331. 
modesta,  0  331. 
moBsta,  23,  143,  283. 
monilifera,  0  258,  0  331,  P  395. 
nigenima,  24,  184,  0  331. 
iiitida,  0  331. 
obeliscus,  184,  0  331. 
pallida,  184,  O  331. 
paidalis,  0  331. 
penicillata,  144,  151,  314. 
plumbea,  0  330. 
puuctatostriata,  0  284,  0   23^ t 

S  164. 
rudis,    24,    184,  O    258,  0    282, 

O33',  P393,  P394. 
rngifera,  0  331,  O  360. 
rustica,  0  331. 
splendidula,  0  331,  0  360. 
Btriosa,  1S4,  O  331. 
thiarella,  P  395. 
torosa,  143. 
(?torosa,    var.)    aurantia,    143, 

313- 
nnicolor,  0  331. 
zonulata,    1S4,   0   258,   0    331, 

P  395. 
Dunkeria 

cancellata,  0  260,  0  335,  P  435. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


51 


Dunkeiia 

intermedia,  0  260,  O  335,  P  435. 
laminata,  23,  145,  286. 
paucilirata,  0  260,  O  335,  P  434. 
subangulata,    36,    187,  0    260, 

0  335,  P  434. 
var.  36. 

Elephantulum 

abnoimale,  O  255,  O  324,  X  442. 
lieptagoDutn,   O   256,  0  324,  X 

442. 
imbricatum,  X  442. 
insculptum,    0   255,  0   324,    X 

442. 
laqueatum,  O  324,  X  442. 
liratocinctum,  0  256,  0  324,  X 

442. 


442. 


var.  snbconicum,  X  442. 
subobsoletum,    X 


var. 


■  i-ar. 


tenuiliratum,  X  442. 

liratum,  X  442. 

obtusum,  O  255,  0  324,  X  442. 

plicatum,  X  442. 

subspirale,  0  255,  0  324,  X  442. 
Iimarginula 

crenulata,  O  175. 

rosea,  136,  P  276,  P  296. 
Engina 

alveolata,  O  341. 

carbonaria,  181,  0  341,  0  361. 

crocostoma,    25,    112,    0    231, 
O  341,  0  361, 

ferruginosa,  0  231, 

heptagonalis,  0  341. 

jugosa,  0  270,  O  341. 

manra,  O  341,  0  361. 

pulchra,  181,  0  341,  O  361. 

pyrostoma,  O  341,  O  361. 

Reeviana,    25,    112,  O    341,   O 
361. 

zonata,  O  341,  0  361. 
Enaeta 

Cumingii,  40, 

harpa,  40. 


Ensatella 

auibigua,  39. 
ruilis,  205. 
Entodasma 

cuneata,  124. 
diaphana,  97,  124. 
inflata,  97,  124.  — 

picta,  124. 
saxico'a,  124. 

saxicola,  var.  cylindracea,  124. 
Eolidia 

pinnata,  0  173. 
Erato 

columbella,    23,   143,    147,   169, 

O  228,  0  230,  0  236,  0  328, 

P  537,  U  206. 
Jewettii,  O  230. 
leucophsea,   143,  0    228,  0   230, 

O  328,  U  206. 
Maugeriae,  24,  109,  112,  0  328, 

O  364. 
Maugeriae.     vnr.      Panamensis, 

O  284,  S  162. 
scabriuscula,  24,  45,   109,   177, 

0  230,  0  267,  0  32S. 
vitellina,  23,  143,  0  206,  0  328. 
Erycina 

dubia,  0  186. 
Geoffroyii,  P  105. 
papyracea,  0  287. 
suborbiciilaris,  P  105. 
vinlacea,  P  io8. 
Etbalia 

atnplectans,   0  254,   0   322,   P 

253. 
carinata,  0  254,  0  322,  P  252. 
lirnlata,  0  253,  0  322,  P  251. 
pallidula,  0  253,  0  322,  P  252. 
pyricallosa,    0    253,   0    322,    P 

251- 
snpravallata,  98,  138. 
supravallata,     ?var.     inrallata, 
98,  138. 
Eucosmia 

cyclostoma,  104,  215. 
punctata,  104,  215. 


52 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


Eucosmia 

variegata,  214,  215. 

(fvarit-gata,    var.)     snbstriata, 
104,  215, 
Eulima 

acuta,  0  183,  0  335,  P  438. 

compacta,  99,  145. 

distorta,  O  296,  P  408,  P  441. 

fak-ata,  273. 

fuscostrigata,  105,  219. 

hastata,  154,  O   260,  0  335,  P 
438. 

iuterrupta,  0  183,  O  335. 

iota,  37,  192,  0  274.  P  440. 

mlcans,  89,  99,  145,  169. 

recta,  193,  0  274,  P  439. 

rutila,  99,  145. 

solitaria,  37,  193,  0  274,  P  439. 

Thersites,  23,  145,  286. 

yoii,  39. 
Eulimella 

obsoleta,  0  260,  0  335,  P  436. 
Euomph&lus 

radiatus,  0  238,  0   259,  P  407, 
P  541. 
Euparypha 

areolata,  158. 
Euryta 

aciculata,  24,  109,  0  258,  0  329, 
0  366,  P  389. 

Cosentini,  0  366. 

fulgarans  [=fulgurata],0  366. 

fulgurata,    24,  27,    109,  177,  0 
258,  O  329,  P  388,  U  206. 
Euthria 

ferrea,  70. 

plumbea,  70. 
Evalea 

sequiscnlpta,  219, 

delicatula,  219. 

sublirulata,  3^,  F  410. 

Partulum 

bimarginatum,  X  443. 
corrugulatum,   0   256,  0    324, 
X443. 


Fartulum 

dexiroversum,   0    256,  0  324, 

X  443- 

f var.  Antillarum,  X  443. 

farciraen,  O  256,  0  324,  X  443. 
glabriforme,  O  256,  0  324. 
Iseve,  O  256,  X  443. 
maiuillatum,  X  443. 
pollicare,  X  443. 
reversnm,  O  256,  O  325,  X  443. 
subquadratum,  X  443. 
teres,  O  256,  0  325,  X  443. 
vitreum,  X  443. 

var.  Clarkii,  X  443. 

Fasciolaria 

aurantiaca,  48,  0  261,  P  459. 
bistriata,  O  228,0  231,  0  338, 

U  207. 
canaliculata,  0  171. 
granosa,    10,   24,  1S3,  0   181,  0 

271,  0  338. 
princeps,  27,  48,  no,  183,0  174, 

O  238,  O  261,  0  292,  0  338, 

P  458,  P  544. 
rngosa,  O  171. 
salmo,  O  188,0338. 
sulcata,  60. 
tulipa,  24,  O  171. 
Valenciennesii,  0  188. 
Felania 

cornea,  0  308. 

serricata,  30,  201,  O  308,  0  364. 
tellinoides,  23,  154,  201,  0  308. 
iista,  73, 
Fenella 

crystallina,  104,  217. 
exciirvata,  32. 
pupoidea,  99,  142. 
Ficula 

dpcussata,  7,  153,  0  231,  0  234, 

O  236,  0  238,  O  242,  0  282, 

O  337-  0  36.;,  P  454,  p  537, 

PS44. 
ncoides,  7,  O  171. 
gracilis,  O  364. 
Occyana,  7/ 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


53 


Ficula 

rfticulata,  0  171. 
ventricosa,    24,    no,   O    234,   0 
O   261,0   271,0  337,  P  453, 

P4S4. 
Fissurella 

a-qualis,  197,  O  276. 

arTuis,  P  219. 

alba,  46,  154,  256,  0  236,  0  252, 

O319,  P  217,  P  218,  Q  234. 
alta,  46,  197,  O  276,  P  221. 
aspera,   8,   84,    O    174,   O   209, 

O  215,  0  224,  V  223, 
Barbadensis,  O    162,  O    184,  0 

243.  0  252,  O  364,  P  215. 
cancellatus,  46,  49, 
catillus,  P  220. 
chlorotrema,  O  2,  0  236,  O  252, 

P  216,  P  538. 
coarctata,  P  213. 
cratitia,   84,  O    199,   0   209,  0 

212. 
crenifera,  0  184. 
crenulata,    76,    O    234,    0    283, 

V  223. 
densiclathrata,   49,   84,  O    174, 

O  199,  0  291,  V  223. 
exarata,  0  199,  V  223. 
excel sa,  46. 
genimata,  O  236,  0  252,  P  218, 

P  5.18. 
gibberula,  0  1S8,  0  319. 
Gunneri,  49. 
liians.  0  175. 
humilis,   0    2,    0   236,    0    252, 

P  216,  P  538. 
inaequalis,  O  i,  0  184,  P  220. 
Liiicolui,  45,  84,  0  178. 
macrotrema,  24,  154, 197,0  184, 

O  276,  0  319,  0  360. 
mierotrema,  37,  108,  197,0  184, 

0  276,.  0  319. 
Mexicana,  46,  O  188,  0  319. 
mns,  37,  197,  O  I,  0  252,  O  276, 

O319,  Pssi. 
mutabilis,  0  296,  0  320,  0  360. 


Fissurella 

liigiopunctata,  24,  37,  S4,   '54, 

197,    O    184,    O    276,    0    282, 

O  3'9,  O  3^0,  P  214,  P  21S, 

Q  234. 
nigiocincta,    46,     108,    O    252, 

O  2S8,  0  319,  P  217,  P  218, 

Q234. 
Novffi-Hollandiffl,  49. 
obsciira,   46,   0    184,  O  320,  0 

360. 
ornata,  13,  26, 137, 0  241,  0  319, 

0  349,  P  214,  V  222. 
ostrina,  O  276,  0  319. 
Panatnensis,  46,  0  184,  0  320. 
Peruviana,   O    252,    0    319,    P 

219, 
var.  pica,    35,   37,  0    I,  O    184, 

O  236,  0  252,  P  220,  P  538. 
rugosa,   24,   27,  46,    108,    155, 

196,  O  2,  0  i8S,  O  236,  0  252, 

0  291,0  319,  O  360,  P  215, 

P  216,  P  218,  V  223. 
rugosa,  var.  0  239,  O  276. 
spongiosa,  0  252,  P  219. 
tenebrosa,  46. 
turbinelloides,  49. 
viminea,   0    2,   0    239,    O   252, 

P  216,  P  546. 
violacea,    100,  0    215,  0    224, 

O  319. 
violascens,  0  348. 
virescens,    27,    37,   197,  0   3,  O 

162,   0   233,   0   234,   O   239, 

0  252,0  276,  0  319,  P  213, 

P  216,  P  218,  P  546,  V  223. 
virescens,  var.  0  364. 
volcano,   13,  23,   icx),   114,   137, 

151,    O    208,   0    233,   0    319, 

0  349- 
Fissnrellidaea 

seqaalis,  197,  O  320. 
Flabellina 

crassicornis,  0  313. 
opalescens,  94,  95. 
subrosacea,  0  313, 


54 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


Fluminicola 

furioa,  1O3. 

seiuiualid,  90. 

virens,  162. 
Fossarua 

abjectas,  O  273. 

angioritoiua,  0  273. 

angulatus,  216,  0  257,  0  326, 

excavatus,  i88,  0  273,  0  326. 

foveatus,  O  273,  0  326. 

macnlosus,  O  257. 

megasoma,  0  273,  0  326. 

ovoideud,  U  205. 

parcipictus,  104,  216. 

purus,  104,  216. 

reticulatua,  U  205 

tuberosus,   216,  0   257,  0   326, 

P354 
Fulvla 

modesta,  170. 
F118U8 

ambustus,  21,  25,  150,  0  22S, 

0  234,  U  208. 
angulatus,  O  177. 
antiquus,  19,  0  217,  O  223. 
apertus,  Q  263,  P  504. 
Baerii,  19,  O  217. 
Bamffius,  0  209. 
Behringii,  19,  0  217. 
bellus,  183,  0  271. 
Bernicieiisis,  O  217. 
cancellatu-i,  0  171,  O  210. 
cancellinus,  18,  0  211. 
cariuatus,  0  192. 
clavatu^,  21,  150. 
coutrarius,  0  217,  0  223. 
corpulentus,  0  367. 
corrugatus,  0  293. 
decemcostatns,  4,    20,    179,    0 

217,  O  223. 
deformis,  0  217. 
Dupetithouarsii,  7,  28,  49,  112, 

0   192.  O  204,  O  208,  0  293, 

0  294,  O  296,  O  361. 
fidiculus,  17,  0  209,  0  211. 
fornicatus,  0  177,  O  217. 


Fusua 

Iragosus,  21. 
geninulus,  166,  0  367. 
glacialis,  0  177. 
Holboelli,  0  217. 
horridus,  0  293. 
incisus,   18. 

Islandicus,  0  217,  0  223. 
Kellettii,  28,  0  240. 
lamellosus,  34,  0  177,  O  217. 
lapillus,  9,  O  176,  0  293. 
lignarius,  0  352,  P  503. 
luridus,  19,  0  217. 
Magellaiiicus,  7,  0  171. 
Mexicanus,  O  293. 
multicostatns,  O  177. 
muricatus,  0  222. 
Bodulosus,  179. 
Norvegicus,  0  223. 
Novae-HoHandiae,  112. 
Oregonensis,    O    210    0   240,  0 

293- 
Orpheus,  17,  92,  0  209,  O  213. 
pallidus,  0   176,  O  208,  0  234, 

O  263,  0  288,  0  352,  P  502. 
pygniaeus,  0  217. 
rheuma,  0  238,  P  544. 
Sabinii,  0  177,  0  217,  0  223. 
salebrosus,  P  485. 
scalariformis,  0  217. 
Sitchensis,  iS,  19,  0  217. 
tenebrosns,  O  217. 
Thouarsii,  112. 
torlieuma,  0  238. 
tumens,  0  263,  P  503,  P  504, 
turbinelloides,  P  503. 
turriculus,  O  209,  0  2U. 
turris,  7,  0  171. 
ventricosns,  O  177, 
Wiegmanm,  0  261,  P  455. 

Gadinia 

Afra,  0  366. 

pentegoniostoma,    195,   0   i,  0 

185,  0   252,  0   319,  0   366, 

P  212. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES, 


55 


Gadinia 

reticulata,  152. 

steltata,  31,  195,  0  319. 
Galeomma 

macro.sciiisma,  46. 
Turtoni,  46. 
Oalerus 

aspersus,  O  275. 

aspenifi,  O  323. 

conicus,   24,    27,   37,    152,    154, 


•95,   O   23s,   0   254,    0   2S2,    Glandina 


Gibbula 

lacunata,  113,  139,239. 
minor,  P  461. 
nivosa,  73. 
optabilis,  9S,  139. 
parcipicta,  113,  139,238. 
rediinita,  73. 
sncciiicta,  113,  139,  238. 
Gito  centrum 

f'liiloeiisis,  121. 


0  323,  P  265,  p  266,  P  267 

contortus,  76,  98,  140. 

fastigiatiis,  25,  140,  322,  0  323.  , 

lichen,  P  266,  P  267,  ' 

mamiUaris,  24,  27,  37,  52,  140, 
154,  19s,  O  190,  O  230,  O  233, 
O  235,  O  254,  0  276,  0  282, 
0  323,  O  366,  P  266,  P  267, 
Q  233-  \ 

regularis,  37,  195,  0  323,  P  266,  ' 
Q  233. 

Sinensis,  0    366,  P   266,  P    267,  ! 
Q  233.  I 

• var.    fuscus,    0    288,    Q 


Albersi,     156,    0    251,    0    287, 
0  3'3,  P  175- 

var.  turrita,  1 56,  P  175. 


sordi<lus,  P  292. 
striatum,  P  292,  Q  234. 
subrellosus,  52,  0  28S,  0  3^3, 
Q233. 
Garnotia 

solida.  197,  0  254, 0  297,  P  275.    Glycimeria 


Carmiuensis,  44. 

conularis,  O  287. 

fusiformis,  0  285. 

Ghiesbreghti,  44. 

Isal)e]Iina,  O  2S6. 

monilifera,  O  2S6. 

nigricans,  0  2S6, 

obtusa,  0  1 86,  O  314. 

Sowerbyana,  0  286,  0  314. 

tortillana,  0  286. 

turris,    156,   0    251,  O  313,   P 
175- 
Glaucua 

draco,  0  173. 

Pacificns,  0  173. 
Globulus 

tumens,  0  253,  0  322,  P  250. 


Gastrochaena 

brevis,  O  184,  0  299,  O  359. 

cuneiformis,  P  547. 

hyalina.  0  184,  0  299,  O  359. 

ovata,  105,    121,  O  184,  0  244, 
O  299,  0  363,  P  15. 

rugulosa,  O  1S4, 0  299,  0  359. 

truncata,  0  184,  0  244,  0  299, 
0  363,  P  14,  P  IS. 
Gena 

var! a,  40. 
Gibbula 

coronnlata,  0  321. 

faniculata,  114,  139,  239. 


Estrallina,  82. 

generosa,  123,  165,  168,  169. 
Glyphia 

alta,  24,  27,   197,  0  252,  0  320, 

P  221,  P  222. 
aspera,   45,   49,    137,  O    199,  0 

291,  0  320,  V  223. 
cratitia,  S.  137,  0  320. 
crenifera,  0  320. 
densiclathrata,   8,    13,   23,    27, 

137.  0  320. 
insequalis,  24,  27,  37,  108,  153, 

197,  214,  0  I,  0  252,  0  360, 

P  220,  P  222. 


24 


56 


INtEX    OF   SPEC1E3. 


Glyphlfl 

Lincolui,  S,  137,  0  320, 

microtretna,  O  364. 

pica,  0  320. 

satiirnalis,  104,  214. 
Gnathodon 

Lecoiitii,  78,  119. 

mendicus,  21,  29,  78,  0  232, 
O  246,  O  304,  P  549,  U  2CX). 

trigoiius,  21,  62,  78,  119,0  227, 
P  52,  U  200. 
Oonidea 

feminalis,  120. 

Randallii,  120. 
Oouldia 

PaciQca,    30,    38,    201,    0    247, 

O  278,  0  306,  0  364,  P  82,  P  S3, 

P  84,  P  549- 

varian3,3O,0  247,  O  306,  O  364, 
0  566,  P  83,  P  530,  P  549. 
Gratelupia 

Hydeaiia,  77. 

niactropsis,  77. 
Gryphaea 

angulata,  P  160. 
Gundlachia 

Californica,  119,  161. 

Haliotis 

aquatilis,  O  216,  O  2S6,  O  320, 
O350. 

Californiana,  7,  0  170. 

Californiensia,  6,  7,  13,  84,  100, 
i.)7,  O  174,  0  199,  0  291, 
O320,  O350,  O351,  V223. 

corrugata,  10,  84,  137,  0  291, 
0  320,  O  350. 

Cracherodii,  6,  7,  9,  13,  23,  27, 
84,  100,  108,  137,  151,  0  174, 
0  199,  O  229,  O  24i,  O  291, 
0320,0350,0351,7223. 

discus,  69,  350. 

fulgens,  60. 

glabra,  6,  9,  0  199,  0  291,  V 
223. 

interrupta,  7. 


Halectia 

Japouica,  O  350. 
Kamtscliatkaua,  27,  69,   72,  84, 

100,    113,    137,  O   216,  0  226, 

O  2S3,  O  295,  O  320,  0  350. 
nodosa,  10. 
pulclierritna,  4. 
rufescena,  7,  13,  23,  27,  84,  100, 

"4,  137,   144,  O    192,  0  229, 

O  320,  0  350. 
spleudens,    23,    27,    42,   60,  72, 

84,  108,   137,   151,  O    199,    O 

286,  0   320,0    350,0   351,  V 

223. 
tuberculatus,  43. 
Haminea 

cymbiformis,    31,    132,    0    250, 

0  3'3.  i'  174. 
hydatis,  85,  89,  132,  169. 
luticola,  P  170. 
vesicula,  79,  132,  O  227,  0  313, 

O  351,  U  203,  U  204. 
viresceiis,  31,  79,  132. 
Haplocochlias 

cyc'lophoreus,  104,  215, 
Harpa 

crenata,  7,  8,  46,  in,  153,  O  177. 
0   238,  O  292,  0    340,  0  366, 

P  543. 

gracilis,  O  176. 

Mexicana,  0  292. 

minor,  O  179. 

Rivoliana,  46,  0  23S,  0  292. 

rosea,   0    177,   0    179,   0    292, 
O366. 

rosea,  rnr.  0  292. 

scriba,  O  171,  O  340. 

testudinalis,  0  292. 
Harvella 

elegata,  ^i,  23,  lOO,  204. 
Hastula 

luctuosa,  P  387. 
Haustator 

Banksii,  P  330. 

goniostoma,  P  330.  '• 

tigrina,  P  332. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


6t 


Baustrum 

deiitex.  6. 

pictuin,  6. 

tuberculatum,  6. 
Hecuba 

culmiuata,  P  548. 
Belicina 

a  nice  0  a, 

chryseis,  45. 

Lindeni,  45. 

merdigera,  45. 

Oweniana,  45. 

Salvini,  45, 

tuibiuata,  45. 
Helisoma 

corpuleutiim,  161. 

trivolve,  161. 
Helix 

aeutedentata,  157. 

anachoreta,  157. 

annulifera,  0  2S6,  0  314. 

Antoni,  0  295,  0  314. 

arborea,  96,  115,  116, 

arboretorum,  59,  157. 

arbustorum,  162. 

areolata,    116,   152,   158,0  208, 

O  265,  O  294,  0  295,  O  314. 
arrosa,  59,  96,  151,  157. 
aspera,  162,  O  239. 
Ay  resiana,  118,  158. 
Baskervillei,    85,     157,    0    226, 

O  286,  O  290,  0  297,  0  314, 
bicincta,  O  294. 
BridgHsii,  118,  158. 
Breweri,  95,  96. 

Bufloniana,  O  265,  0  294,  0  295. 
caduca,  O  295, 
Californica,  O  226. 
Californieusis,  59,  96,  120,  157, 
158,   0    198,     0  212,    0   234, 
O294,  O314,  V  220. 
Carpenteri,  118,  158. 
CarjHjnteriana,  118. 
carthusiana,  O  222. 
cliersina,  95,  96. 
cicercula,  0  265. 


Helix 

coactiliata,  44. 

Columbiana,    85,    92,    96,     115, 
157,    O    1 98,   O    239,    0    294, 
0  314,  V  220. 
concava,  115,  O  2li. 
Cooperi,  115,  157. 
crebristriata,  95. 
cultellata,  59. 
Damascenus,  59,  120,  158. 
devia,    85,  157,  0    209,  O   213, 

0  226. 
Dupetithouarsii,  59,  87,  92,  96, 
118,  119,   15S,  0  203,0   294, 
O314. 
Duranti,  96. 

enryompliala,  44,  O  295. 
exarata,  59,  96,  158. 
eximia,  44. 
facta,  95. 

fidelis,  59,  84,  92,  96,  120,  157, 
158,   0    198,    O   212,    0    234, 
O  294,  0  314,  V  220. 
fratenia,  O  211. 
fulva,  0  222. 
Gabbii,  95. 
Gaulteriana,  P  247. 
germana,    157,    0    210,    O   211, 

O314. 
Ghiesbreghti,  44,  O  295. 
griseola,  0  265,  O  294,  O  295. 
Hildebrandi,  119. 
Hiudsi,  O  286,  0  294, 
hispida,  0  222. 
Hnmboldtiana,  O  294. 
imperator,  0  265. 
infirmata,  0  283. 
infumata,    79,    87,    96,    157,    O 

314. 
inflecta,  0  211. 
intercisa,  95,  120,  158. 
Kellettii,    95,    96,    158,    0    233, 

0239,0314,0351. 
labiata,  92. 

labiosa,    85,    115,    157,    0    209, 
O212,  0213,0  314. 


58 


INDEX   OF    Sl'ECIES. 


Helix 

labyrinthus,   0    239,  0    265,  O 

295. 
-^-^—  var.  sipauculata,  O  286. 
Lalliaiia,  44. 
laxata,  44. 
Leconti,  157. 
levis,  158,  O  20S,  0  294,  O  29s, 

0314. 
loisa,  157. 

loricata,  96,  137,  O  2og,  0  211. 
lucnbrata.  O  265,  O  294. 
Mazatlanica,  59,  157. 
Mexicana,  O  294. 
mormonam,  59,  96,  158. 
Mullani,  115,  157. 
neinorivaga,  157, 
Newberryana,  96. 
Nickliniana,   59,    96,    120,    157, 

158,    0    19S,    O   212,    O    226, 

O  314,  V  220. 
Nuttalliana,    59,    84,    87,     157, 

O  210,  0  226,  O  239,  V  220. 
Nystiana,  O  186,  O  295,  O  314. 
Oajacensis,  0  294. 
ornginosa,    13,    59,   87,    157,    O 

226,  0  2S3,  0  314. 
Oregonpnsis,    59,    79,    87,    120, 

158,0  .98,  O  314,  V  220. 
Pandorae,    59,   116,    158,0   239, 

O314. 
pedestris,  59,  157. 
peregrina.  61,  162. 
plicata,  0  265,  O  295,  0  314. 
polygyrata,  1 15. 
polvgyrella,  115,  157. 
princ-eps,  P  177. 
pulclit'lla,  0  222. 
pura,  0  222. 
Pytonesica,  95. 
quadridentala,  O  295,  O  314. 
quinqiiestrigata,  0  295. 
ramentosa,  120,  158. 
redimita,  157. 
reticulata,  59,  118,  158. 
Rotbi,  95. 


Helix 

rotnndata,  l(),  92,  191. 

rndtrata,  0  222. 

ruida,  59,  157. 

rufescens,  92. 

rufocincta,  95. 

Sagraiaua,    59,    162,   0    294,  0 

314- 
Sandiegonensis,  162. 
Scbrenkii,  O  222. 
vnr.  sipunculata,  0  239. 
soiitaria,  115. 
speiididula,  O  265. 
sportella,  85,  92,  96,   115,   157, 

O  209,  0  226,  O  314. 
spirnlata,  0    186,  O  265,  0  295, 

O314. 
stagnalis,  P  361. 
striatella,  95,  116. 
strigosa,  115,  157,  0  209,  0  212, 

O  213,  O314. 
Tbouarsii,  92,  96,  iiS,  119. 

rnr.  96. 

tenuicoatata,  O  294. 
Townseudiana,    13,   59,    84,  92, 

lis,    O    '98)    0    210,   O    213, 

O    226,  0    239,  0  294,  O  314, 

V  220. 

Traskii,  96,  u8,  15S. 
Tryoni.  95. 

tudiculata,  72,  85,  96,  157,  0 
211,   O   233,    O   294,    O    314, 

0351- 
uneigera,  0    187,  O   290,  O  295, 

O314. 

iindata,  P  176. 

Vancouverensis,  79,  85,  92,  96, 
"5)  157,  O  19S,  0  210,  O  211, 
O   212,  O   213,  0  294,  O  314, 

V  220. 

vecillata,  0  314:   [misprint  for] 
vellicata,  92,  115,  157,  O  239. 
ventrosula,  O  286,  0  294. 
vincta,  158,0203,  0  226,  0  297, 

O314. 
vittata,  6,  59,  P  177. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIE3. 


H 


Hemicardium 

biangulatum,  23,38,75,97,  106, 
liS,  201. 

graiiiferam,  23. 

lueiliuin,  3S,  201. 

ol)ovalt',  155, 
Hemifusos 

Hflclieri,  60. 
Heterodonaz 

bimaculatus 
112,  126,  151. 

vars.  23, 


'2,     27,    38,      105, 


Pacificus,  78. 
Hiatella 

oldiinga,  0  221. 
Hiatula 

coiupacta,  151. 

Nuttallii,  74. 
Hima 

•lecassata,  P  497. 
Hinnites 

Californiensis,  13. 

cra^sus,  81. 

giganteus,  8,   13,  14,  20,  22,  25, 
26,  81,  131,  151,  169,  O  164, ;  Homalopoma 


Hipponyx 

(irayanus,  24,  27,  37,  108,  194, 
O  184,  0  193,  O  200,  0  230, 
O  255,  O  275,  O  282,  O  353, 
O   360,  O  361,  O  366,  P  299, 

mitral  is,  P  297. 

mitrula,  O  226,  O  314,  O   363, 

V  297,  R  3. 
Pauauieasis,    0    255,  O    275,  0 

324,  O  363,  P  297,  R  3. 
planatus,    140,    O   255,   O    2S4, 

0  324,  P  298. 
radiatus,    194,   O    184,   O    200, 

O  230,  0255,0275,  P  299,  R  4. 
serratus,  27,  98,   140,   195,  256, 

0  226,  O  236,  O  230,  O    255, 

0  324,  0  364,  P  296,  P   297, 

P  300,  P  549,  R  3,  R  5. 
subrufiis,   37,    194,   2S2,  0  230, 

O  275,  0  363,  R  4. 
tess«^llatU3,  P  90,  P  549. 
tul)erculatus,  R  4. 
tuiueus,  2^.  27.  140,  2S2. 


'/, 


O   193,  O  233,  0  290,  O  312, 

o  350,  0  351. 
Nicklinianus,  13. 
Nuttalli,  0  193. 
Poulsoiii,    8,    13,     131,    0    193, 

O  233,  0  290. 
Hipponyz 

autiquatus,    27,    108,  140,    194, 

O   255,  O  324,  O  363,  O  365, 

P  296,  P  297,  P  298,  R  3. 
australis,  0  236,  O  255,  P  299, 

P  538,  R  3. 
barbatus,  24,  37,  108,  140,  194, 

195,   O   255,    O   275,   O    324, 

O  366,  P  299,  R  3,  R  4. 
barbatus,  var.    costellatus,  R  4. 
cranloides,  114,  239. 
crispas,  P  299,  R  4. 
efifodiens,  R  5, 
foliaceus,  0  239,  0  255,  P  296, 

P  546,  R  3- 


.sau-uiiieuiii,  23,  74,  113. 
Hyala 

rotundata,  104,  217. 
Hyalaea 

triilentata,  132. 
Hydrobia 

compacta,  104,  217. 

stagnalis,  P  361. 

ulvae,    20,    142,    0   257,  0   327, 
O  366,  P  361. 

lanacus 

Lessonii,  0  2,  P  280. 
squama,  O  2,  P  2S0. 
ungu''culus,  P  281. 
uiiguiformis,  P  284. 
lanthina 

b  ids,  P  185, 

communis,  74,  0  366,  P  186. 
decoUata,  52,  107,  0  251,  0  316, 
0  364,  P  1S7. 


60 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


lanthina 

fiaj,'ilis,  52,  l86,  O  364,  P  185. 

gloliosa,  52,  O  251,  P  187. 

pallida,  O  366. 

prolongata,   74,   O   251,  O  364, 
O  366,  P  185,  P  187.  ■ 

striolata,  52. 

striulata,  31,  52,  O   251,  0  316, 
O  364,  O  366,  P  185. 

— — ^  var.  ooutorta,  O    251,   P 
1S6. 
Iberus 

(iaulterianns,  P  247. 

sportella,  157. 
Imperator 

olivaceus,  P  227. 

serratus,  98,  138. 

unguis.  29. 
Infundibulum 

Calitoruicum,     40,    O     286,     P 
265. 

cliloromphalas,  40, 

Gabiotense,  82. 

radians,  P  264. 
lopaa 

sertum,  P  489. 
Iphigenia 

altior,  23,  27,  202,  0  245,  0  304, 
P4-'. 

laevigata,  0  245,  0  304,  0  366, 
P  42,  P  548. 
Iphinoe 

coronata,  72. 
Isapis 

fenestrata,  99,  114,  142,  241. 

maculosa,  O  257,  0  327,  P  247, 

P355. 
obtnsa,  99,  142. 
ovoidea,  142,  241,  O  230,  0  326, 

P  355,  P  356,  U  205. 
Ischnochiton 
Beanii,  108. 

Elenensis,  38,  39,  104,  266, 
var.  expressus,  38,  266. 
flectens,  89.  92. 
Gothic  us,  98. 


Iscunochiton 

limaciformis,  63,  108. 
Magdalensis,   18,   107,  135,  151, 

266. 
Mertensii,  89. 
Nuttallii,  113. 
parallelus,  104,  212,  213. 
pectiiiatus,  98. 
(Jvar.)  prasiuatus,  104,  213. 
pseudodeutiens,  16,  92,  98. 
retiporosus,  89. 
sanguineus,  266. 
scabrieostatus,  oS. 
serratus,  104,  .13. 
trifidus,  89. 
veredentiens,  98,  135. 
Isognomon 

Chemuitzianus,  24,  27,  107,  199, 

0  249,  0  297,  O  311,  O  352, 

o  363,  O  365,  P  150. 

var.  199. 

Chemnitzii,  P  151  :    [=-anus.] 
costellatus,  107,  O  349,  V  219. 
flexuosus,  O  311,  O  363, 
incisus,  107. 
Janus,    107,   O   250,  0   311,   P 

151- 
pema,  P  150. 

Janira 

bell  a,  80. 

dentata,  14,  27,  8r,  98, 107,  131, 

153- 
Estrellana,  81. 
excavata,  131,  153. 
Jeffreysia 

Alderi,  109,  143,  0  257,  0  327, 

P362. 
bifasciata,  109,  O    257,  O   327, 

O  366,  P  362,  P  363. 
opalina,  O  366. 
translucens,  99,  143. 
tumens,  0  257,  0  327,  P  366. 
Jouannettia 

Darwinii,  251. 
pectinata,  121. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


61 


Katharina 

Douglasiiip,  9,  134,  0  192,0  288, 

O  318,  0  348. 
submaniioiea,  O  318. 
tunicata,  26,  134,  O  318. 

Kellia 

(var.)  Chironii,  99,  113,  129. 
Laperousii,  15,  26,  88,  129,  304, 

305,  O  308,  0  349. 

( var.)  Chironii,  304. 

puluhra,  0  295. 

rotandata,  129,  305. 

rubra,  P  108. 

suborbicularig,  39,  88,  97,  106, 

129,  155,  168,  303.305,  0  208, 

O    248,0297,0    30S,  0   365, 

O  366,  P  105. 
ventricosa,  0  280. 

Kennerlia 

bicarinata,  80,97,  124,  232. 
filosa,  88,  124,  231. 
glacialis,  231,  232. 

Lacuna 

rnr.  anrantia,  142. 

carinata,    17,    118,    142,  240,  O 

209,  0    211,  0    213,  0   327,0 

34S. 
decorata,  114,  142,  240. 
var.  effusa,  114,  142,  240. 
far.  exaeqiiata,  114,  142,  240. 
glacialis,  0  220,  O  223. 
pallidula,  P  252. 
porrecta,  114,  142,240. 
puteolus,  0  240. 
solidula,  17,  25,  142,  240,  322. 
(?solidula,  var.)  compacta,  114, 

240. 
unifasciata,  23,    142,  O   228,  0 

230,  O  327, 
variegata,  114,  142,  240. 
vincta,  89,  142,  169. 

Laevicardium.     See  Liocardium. 
Lagena 

Californica,  0  2S6, 


Lagena 

Wiegmanui,  P  455. 
Laminaria 

digitata,  Q  236,  Q  237. 
Lanistes 

dibcors,  70. 

laevigata,  70. 
Lasaea 

oLlouga,  0  248,  0  308,  P  109, 

rub.a,  30,  88,  97,  106,   129,   169, 
0  248,  O  308,  O  366,  P  108. 

trigonalis,  O  248,  O  308,  P  109, 
Lasea.     See  Lasaea. 
Lathirus 

aruiatus,  0  287,  O  297,  O  338. 

Californicus,  0  338. 

castaneus,    24,    48,     154,    183, 
0  282,  0  33S. 

ceratus,    24,    no,    183,   0    261, 
O  33S,  0  361,  P  457. 

coucentricus,  O  2S2,  0  338. 

gracilis,  S  166. 

Kiiorrii,  0  364. 

nodatus,  0  ;i;i8. 

rudis,  24,  183,  O  338. 

spadiceus,  183,  0  ;i}8. 

tuberculatns,    24,    61,    0    282, 

0338,0361, 0  364,  p  457. 

tumens,  0  284,  O  33S,  S  166. 

varicosus,  0  338,  0  361. 
Lathyrus.     See  Lathirus. 
Latirus.     See  Lathirus. 
Latyrus.     See  Lathirus. 
Lavignon 

laniellosa,  P  29. 
Lazaria 

affinis,  14,  23. 

Californica,  27,  30,  ro6. 

pectuncnlus,  153. 

subquadrata,  22,  113,  128,  280. 
Leda 

arctica,  70. 

caelata,  22,  130.  ■ 

costellata,  O  311. 

commutata,  130.     > 

cuneata,  98,  130.  > 


62 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Leda 

eburnea,  46. 

Eleneusid,  24,  200,  O  249,0  31 1, 

P  145,  P  53°. 

fossa,  88,  91,  130. 

foveata,  91. 

gibbosa,  0  311. 

Liimata,  98,  130. 

Hindsii,  41. 

impressa,  0  367. 

iuoriiata,  130. 

lyrata,  46, 

miuuta,  71,  89,  130,  169. 

niiuuta,  var.  71. 

pernula,  130. 

polita,  24,  2CX),  311. 

Sowerbiana,  46. 

Taylori,  41,  46. 
Leiosolenus 

spatiosus,  0  249,  0  310,  P  130, 
P550. 
LeioBtraca.     See  Liostraca. 
Leiostracus 

Mexicanus,  P  177. 

Ziegleri,  P  177. 
Lepas 

alba,  P  297. 
Lepeta 

Candida,  71. 

cnecoides,  89,  137,  169. 
Lepidopleurus 

Adarasii,  37,  265,  266. 

Beanii,  0  252,0317,  P  197. 

bullatus,  O  252,  O  317,  P  195. 

var.    calciferus,  O  252, 

P  196. 

clathratus,  O  252,  0  317,  P  195. 

Hrnaciformis,  0  317. 

MacAndreae,   0    252,    0   317,  P 
196,  P  197. 

Matrdalensia,  0  317. 

Mertensii,  89, 135. 

ppctinatus,  89,  I35» 
rettularis,  135. 

sanguineus,  O  252,0317,?  194, 
P  195,  P  196. 


Lepidopleurus 

seabrieostatus,  98,  135. 

tenuisculptus,  37,  39,  266. 
Lepralia 

adpiessa,  256,  0  244,  0  298,  P 

5- 

atrofusca,  0  243,  0  29S,  P  3. 

cucullata,  P  3. 

liippociepis,  O  244,  0  298,  P  4. 

humilis,  O  244,  O  29S,  P  5. 

marginipora,  0  244,  O  298,  P  4. 

Mazatlauiua,  O  243,  0  298,  P  3. 

rostrata,  0  243,  0  29S,  P  4. 

trispinosa,  O  243,  0  298,  P  3. 
Leptinaria 

Elisse,  44. 

Einmelinffl,  44. 
Leptochiton 

cinereus.  92. 

iiiterstinctus,  16. 

lividus,  O  317. 

Mertensii,  O  317,  0  349. 

nexus,  98,  136. 

proprius,  0  317. 

scrobiculatus,  0  317,  0  349. 
Leptoconchus 

luouodonta,  6^. 
Leptoconus 

gladiator,  P  405. 

puncticulatus,  P  404. 

purpurascens,  P  402. 

regularis,  P  402. 

regalitalis,  P  403. 
Lepton 

clementinum,  0   24S,  O   308,  P 
no,  P  III. 

dionseum,  0  248,  0  308,  P  III. 

meroeura,  97,  129. 

placunoideum.  Pin. 

umbonatum,  0    248,  O   308,   P 
III. 
Leptonyz 

bacula,  98,  138. 

sanenineus,  113,  138. 
Leptozis 
'         fusca,  163. 


INDEX    OF    SPKCIES. 


63 


Leptozis 

Nultallii,  162. 

vireus,  162. 
Lesoea.     See  Lasaea. 
Leuchochila 

chordata,  158. 
Leucozonia 

Califoi'iiica,  0  297. 

cingulata,    24,    28,    151,   iSo,  0 
171,    0    231,    O    235,   O    261, 

0  33S,  P  457. 

Levenia 

courctata,  24,  27,  no, 
Levicardium.     See  Liocardium. 
Lima 

angulata,    24,   154,   199,  O    185, 
0    1S9,  0    229,  O  277,  0  2S4, 
O311. 
arcuata,  107,  199,  O  189,  0  277, 

O311,  0359. 
dehiscens,  98,  131. 
fragilis,  107. 
gigantea,  8. 
bians,  131. 
orientalis,  98,  131. 
Paoifica,  199,0277  0311,0359. 
squamosa,  21,  47,  69,  107,  O  222. 
rar.  tenera,  131. 
tetrica,  21,  27,  69,   107,  0  227, 
0234,0311,0352,  V  203. 
Limacina 

aitioa,  O  218,  O  221,  O  223. 
lielicialis,  0  221. 
Limatula 

subauriculata,  98,  131. 
Limaz 

Columbianus,    85,   159,   Q   210, 

0213,0313. 
foliolaius,  0  213. 
Limnophysa 
A'ieliiiae,  160. 
biiliraoides,  160. 
cataspopiuni,  160. 
emargiiiata,  160. 
ferrngiiiea,  160. 
pallida,  160. 


I  Limnophysa 

palustiis,  160. 
proxiiua,  160. 
reflexa,  159. 

solida,  160. 

Suniassii,  159. 

Tiaskei,  160. 
Limnea 

Adelinae,  160. 

apiciiia,  160,  0  210,  0  316. 

appressa,  159. 

auiicularia,  O  222. 

bulimoides,  116,  160. 

cataracta,  93. 

catascopium,  160. 

cornea,  160. 

desidiosa,  93,  1 16. 

elodes,  90,  160. 

elongata,  159. 

eiiiarginata,  85,  160. 

exigua,  120. 

exilis,  159. 

expansa,   160. 

ferrugiuea,  160,  0  265,  0  316. 

fragilis,  116,  159,  160. 

Gebleri,  0  222. 

Haydeni,  159. 

huuiilis,  116. 

jugularis,  85,  159. 

lepida,  159,  0  209,  O  213. 

leucostoiua,  O  222, 

megasoiiia,  93. 

Nuttalliana,   160,  0   19S,  0  316, 

V  220. 
Ontariensis,  160. 
pallida,  120,  160. 
palustris,    90,    116,    160,     169, 

O  222. 
pingnis,  160. 
plebeia,  160. 
proxima,  120,  160. 
reflexa,  159. 
sericata,  160. 
serrata,  160. 
solida,  160. 
speciosa,  159. 


G4 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Limnea 

bui-ualis,  9j,  159,  0  222. 

Suiuassii,  yo,  139. 

Traskei,  1 00. 

truijcatula,  0  222. 

umbiosa,  85,  159,  O  210,  0  3 1 6. 

vtjiitiicosa,  O  213. 

Virginiana,  i6o. 
Limneea.     t^ee  Limnea. 
Limnaeus.     See  Limnea. 
Limsea 

subaariculata,  1C9. 
Lingula 

alhifla.  122,  0  207,  O  298. 
Liocardium 

apicinuiu,  23,  104,  211,  261. 

crueiitatum,  128. 

elatuui,  27,  97,  128,  152,  0  24S. 

Elenense,  170. 

Mortoni,  16S. 

substriatum,  21,  12S,  16S,  170. 
Lioconcha 

hieroglypica,  loi. 
Liostraca 

distorta,  0    335,  O    363,  0    366, 

P441. 

rar.  yod,  O  260,  P  441. 

fulvocincta,  P  440. 

involuta,  i9j. 

iota,  33,  37,  0  335,  P  441. 

? var.   retexta,  O  260,  P 

440. 
linearis,  193,  0  260,  P  440. 
producta,  33,  193,  260. 
recta,  33,  193,  260,  O  260,  0  335, 

P439. 
retexta,  33,  37,  39,  192. 
solitaria,  33,    193,  260,    0  260, 

0  335,  P  439. 
Liotia 

acutieostata,  98,  138. 
carinata,  0  253,  0  322,  P  248. 
C-B-Adamsii,  0    253,  O  322,  P 

249. 
fenestrata,  98,  138. 
striulata,  0  253,  0  322,  P  248. 


Lithodomus 

aiistaUis,  38,  47,  50,  P  .26, 
atteiiuatus,  38,  47. 
calyculatus,  50. 
caudigerus,  47,  jc,  P  127. 

car.  P  124. 

cinnaniotneus,  50,  P  129. 
ciunaiiiominus,  50. 
coarctata,  50. 
Cumingianusi,  50. 
falcatus,  50,  0  227,  U  202. 
Giuneri,  50. 
lithophagus,  P  127. 
pessulatus,  50. 
plumula,  38,  50. 

var.  50. 

subula,  50. 
teres,  50. 
Lithophagus 

aristatus,  23,    107,    199,  O   249, 

O   297,  0   310,  0  363,  O  365, 

P  126,  P  128. 
aristatus,  vnr.  gracilior,  P  129. 
aristatus,  rar.   tumidior,  1'   125, 

P  129,0249. 
atteuuatus,   26,    130,   152,   199, 

O  233,0  248,0  309,  O  351, 

P  124,  P  127. 
calyculatus,    O   249,   O   309,   P 

124. 
caudigerus,  0  363,  O  365. 
cinnamoiueus,  72,   200,   0    174, 

O   234,  O   249,  O  309,  0  363, 

P  127,  P  129. 
dactylus,  O  174. 
falcatus,  0  229,  O  232,  0  234, 

U  202. 
Gruneri,  0    227,  0    229,  O   232, 

O  350,  U  202. 
lisvigatus,  P  125. 
plumula,    107,    130,    199,    256, 

O  249,  0  310,  P  125,  P  128. 
rugiferus,  P  125. 
Litiopa 

divisa,  0  288,0350,0234. 
saxicola,  1 90, 0  273,  P  369,  Q  234. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES, 


65 


Litorina 

aberrans,  60,  0  1S6,  O  326. 

angiostouia,  18S,  O  273. 

augulifera,  U  205. 

aspera,  24,  152,  188,  0  162, 
O  186,  O  2i6,  O  224,  O  230, 
O  235,  0  237,  O  257,  0  273, 
O   2S6,  O  326,  0   34S,  P   348, 

P  34'J,  P  350,  P  S5(>,  P  540. 
aapera,  var.  O  273,  P  349. 
atrata,  36,    18S,    lyo,  O   273,  0 

326. 
castanea,  20. 
cincta,  17. 
conspersa,  24,  27,  60,   108,  188, 

189,0208,0237,0257,0326, 

P  346,  P  347,  P  348,  P  349- 

var.  O  230,  O  273. 

coronata,  O  297,  O  326. 
dubiosa,  ^2,  18S. 
excavata,  188,  0  273. 
fasciata,   27,    152,    iSS,    1S9,    0 

177,  0   20S,  0  237,  O  257,  O 

273,  O    296,    0    326,    0    352, 

P35i,P  540. 
foveata,  188,  O  273. 
graudis,   19,    0    215,   0   220,    O 

223- 
Groenlandica,  70. 
iostoma,  35. 
irrorata,  51. 
Kurila,  19,  0  215,  0  220,  0  223, 

O326. 
lepida,  17,    142,  0  209,0  326, 

O348. 
litorea,  19,  O  176. 
maculata,  35. 
megasouia,  iSS,  0  273. 
modesta,  51,  84,  0  216,  0  224, 

0  237,  O  257,  O  286,  0  326, 

P  340,  P  347. 
var.  modesta,  141. 
muricata,  O  222. 
neritoides,  O  222. 
parvula,   32,  36,  i88,  0  273,  0 

295,0326,     ■ 


Litorina 

patula,  17,84, 141,0  209,  0  ;i2, 

O  213. 
Pedroaua,  76,  118. 
pbasianella,  0  273,  O  295. 
Philippii.  24,  32,  36,   108,  188, 

^  ^57,  0  273,  O  326,  O  364, 

P  349. 
I           Philippii,  var.  dubi*  „a,  0  273. 
I  ,  var.  peiiicillata,  104, 109, 

216. 

planaxis,  17,23,27,  84, 141,  151, 

O  200,  0  209,  O  212,  0  224, 

O  230,  0  235,  O  326,  0  349, 

P  348,  P  349,  V  226. 
plena,  17,  71,  76,  79, 142,  0  209, 

O  213,  0  326. 
pulchra,  48,   61,   189,  O   160,  O 

273,  0  326,  P  351. 
pullata,  32,  104,  216. 
punctata,  P  346. 
puncticulata,  189,  0  230,  0  257, 

O  273,  P  346,  P  347. 
porcata,  0  1S6,  0  326,  0  360. 
pusilla,  0  230. 
rudis,  84,  141,  O  222. 
scabra,  P  351. 

scuttllata,  0  213,  0  326,  0  348. 
scutulata,    17,  23,     84,    142,  O 

209. 
Sitchana,    17,    19,    20,  84,   I41, 

O  216,  0  223,  O  286,  0  326. 
squalida,  0  176. 
sulcata,  84,  141. 
subtenebrosa,  19,  84,  141,  Q  215, 

O  220,  0  223. 
tenebrata,  13,  O  200,  0  230,  V 

226. 
varia,  48,    188,    189,   O  273,  O 

326. 
zebra,  P  348. 
ziczac,  0  364,  P  ,8. 
(ziczac,  var.)  liiieata,  104,  216. 
Livooa 

pica,  0    225,  0    228,  0   321,   0 

350. 


C6 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Livona 

piroiiles,  2!,  23,  100,  ijS. 
Lopbyrus 

Adauisii,  19S,  265, 
alboliueatus,   O    252,  O    317,    0 

352,  P  191,  P  193. 
articulatas,  O  3,  0  251,  O  317, 

P  190,  P  192,  P  193,  P  199. 
dispar,  O  317. 
Go(xiallii,  O  317,  0  360. 
laevigatus  0  317,  0  352,  P  191. 
striato-siiuamosus,  0  252,0  317, 

P  192,  ?  196. 
Stokesii,      153,      19S,     266,     0 

3«7. 
sulcatus,  0  317,  0  360. 
teuuisculptus,  198. 
Lottia 

conica,  79. 

gigantea,  26,  47,   136,   151,  309, 

P  199. 
mitra,  79. 
pallida,   0    177,   0    199,  O   215, 

V  222. 

patina,  37,  79,  i97,  26S,  0  252, 

O  276,  0.284,  P  203. 
pintadina,    31,   O    173,    O    209, 

O  211,  P  203,  P  208,  V  22 1 . 
punctata,  0   174,  0  215,  P  209, 

V  222, 

scabra,  79,  0  199,  0  284,  P  209, 

V  222. 
spectrum,  79,  O  2S4. 
testudinalis,  O  211. 
textilis,  0  209. 
viridula,  O  210. 

Lucapina 

alta,  P  221. 

crenulata,  27,  45,  76,  137,  151, 
O  I,  0  174,  0  199,  0  320, 
O  349,  V  223. 

inaequalis,  P  220. 

pica,  P  220. 
Lucina 

aciitelirata,  97. 

acutilineata,  129,  165,  0  367. 


Lucina 

aiiuulata,  O  24S,  0  2S9,  0  307, 

P  96,  P  97- 
Artemidis.   128,   O   227,  0   308, 

U  201. 
bella,   102,   128,    151,  O    197,  0 

234,  0307,  0  351,  V  218. 
borealis,    97,    129,    1O8,  0    167, 

P96. 
cjelata,  O  248,  P  102,  P  103. 
calculus,  0  1S7,  P  g6,  P  100. 
Californica,  22,  25,  26,  86,  128, 

151,  O    197,  O    234,  0    307,  O 

351,  V  218. 
cancellaiis,   106,  0  224,  0  248, 

O  307,  P  99,  P  534. 
Candeaua,  O  364,  P  103. 
capax,  39. 

carnaria,  O  245,  P  40. 
Cliildreni,  8. 
commutata,  P  99. 
compressa,  8. 
cornea,  0  187,  P  103. 
corrugata,  O  203. 
cristata,  14,  0  203,  O  245,  P  39. 
eburnea,  23,  106,  O  187,  0  24S, 

O  30S,  P  loi, 
excavata,  23,  106,  0  248,  O  30S, 

P98. 
fenestrata,  0  207,  O  297,  0  308. 
fibula,  O  1S7,  P  96,  P  99. 
glacial  is,  0  327. 
lenticula,  165. 
lentilaria,  47. 
lingualis,  104,  211. 
Mazatlanica,  97,  0  248,  0  307, 

1"  99,  P  530. 
muricata,  0  249,  O  307,  P  98. 
Nuttallii,  78,  128,  0  197,  0  307, 

0  351,  V  218. 
obliqna,  60. 
occidentalis,  P  96. 
orbella,   30,   78,  0   227,  0   229, 

O  2S4,  U  202,  V  218. 
pecten,  O  197,  O  364,  P  99. 
pecten,  var.  V  218.  ^ 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


67 


Lucina 

pectinata,    23,    102,     128,     154, 

O  248,  O  308,  0  364,  P  98. 
pis'iin,  60. 
proloiigata,    O    248,    0    308,  P 

lOO. 

punctata,    47,    0    174,    0    1S7, 
O  232,  0  248,  O  307,0  351, 
0  352,  P  96,  F  97-; 
reticulata,  P  99. 
scabra,  9. 

semireticulata,  0  248,  P  102. 
serricata,  P  104. 
squaino-ia,  P  99. 
telliiioides,  2or,  0  279. 
tenuisculpta,  88,97,  '28. 
tigerina,  63,  153,  0  243,  0  24S, 
O  282,  0  308,  0  350,  0  363, 
P  96,  P  97- 
undata,  272. 
unifasciata,  U  205. 
Lucinopsis 

subijuadrata,  P  62. 
undata,  Q  231. 
Lunatia 

algida,  17,  O335,  O348. 

apeita,  71. 

Bonplandi,  O  337. 

caurina,  9,  147,  0  336,  O  34S. 

flava,  0  336. 

Gallapagosa,  O  337,  O  360. 

Lerculaea,    17,    147,    O    336,   0 

348. 
heros,  16S. 
impervia,  0  23^- 
Lewisii,  17,  23,  25,  82,  loi,  147, 

16S,  O  336. 
lurida,  0  337. 
Otis,  0  337,  O  360. 
pallida,  71,  147,  169. 
pallidoides,  71. 
ravida,  60. 
septentrionalis,  71. 
soluta,  9,  147. 

tenuilirata,  214,  0  261,  0  337, 
P45I- 


Luponia 

allii  ^inosa,  27,  32,  109. 
fiuibriolata,  154. 
Digropuiictata,  O  328,  O  360, 
seniipolita,  154. 
Sowerbyi,  27,  109. 
spadicea,  9,  23,  143. 
spurca,  32,  0  328. 
Lutraria 

canal iculata,  O  211. 

capax,    II,    86,    0   209,  0    213, 

O  219. 
carinata,  0  211. 
elegans,  204,  0  2S0. 
inflata,  0  296. 
lineata,  61. 
maxima,   11,    17,   86,   O  192,   0 

209,  0  219,  O  224,  O300. 
nasuta,  0  232. 
Nuttallii,  61,  69. 
papyria,  Si. 
transmontana,  Si. 
Traskei,  76. 
nndulata,  0  211,  0  227,  O  232, 

O  2S0,  U  200. 
ventricosa,    29,  O    211,  O    227, 
O  232,0  246,  P  51,  P  548,  U 
200. 
Lutricola 

alta,  22,  So,  81,  125,  301. 
Dombeyi,  40,  301, 
epbippiuni,  301. 
viridotincta,  105. 
Lymnaea.     See  Limnea. 
Lyonsia 

arenosa,  73. 
bracteata,  124,  O  300. 
Californica,    22,    26,    124,    167, 
O    194,  0  226,  O  300,  O  349, 
0  351,  U  199,  V  211. 
cuueata,  Q  229. 
diaphana,    40,    0    284,    O    287, 

0  301,  Q  228. 
flabellata,  73. 

Floridana,  119,  124,  169.    - 
gibbosa,  0  222.  .      ■.    ->, 


r,s 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Lyonsia 

hyalina,  20,  167,  O  104. 
inflata,  40,  105,  0  19^ 
navicula,  73,  91. 
nitiila,  124,  O  194,  O  297,0  300, 

U  199,  V  211. 
Norvegica,   20,  71,    73,   O   219, 

O  222,  O  223. 
picta,  105,  0  184,  0  24s,  O  301, 

O  35S,  O  364,  P  26. 
plicata,  O  364. 
saxicola,  91. 
striata,  0  222. 
ventricosa,  73. 
Lyria 

Cumingii,  40. 
harpa,  24,  40. 

Macheera 

costata,  20,  73,  87,  O  219,0  222, 

O  223,  0  301. 
lucida,  72,   124,  O    195,  O   301, 

V  211. 
maxima,  0  195. 
Nuttalli,  5,  0  349. 
patula,   12,  20,  22,  26,  72,  87, 

124,  154,  251. 
sodalis,  73. 
Macoma 

calcarea,  "o,  125. 

concinna,  202. 

crassula,  235. 

Douibeyi,  202. 

edentula,  12,  70,  113,  125. 

edulis,  12,  86,  125, 

(?fiir.)  espansa,  88,  125. 

Fabricii,  125. 

fragilis,  125. 

fusca,  167. 

inconspicua,  12,  18,  20,  86,  125, 

167. 
indentata,  97,  125. 
inquinata,  11,  80,  97,  125,  168. 
lata,  70,  88,  125. 
nasnta,  20,  22,  26,  71,  125. 
proxima,  70,  88. 


Macoma 

secla,  12,  22,  26,  86,  125,  151. 
solidula,  39,  125,  204. 
sordida,  70. 
Suesoni,  70. 
teuera,  O  221. 
tersa,  125. 

yoldiformis,  88,  97,  125. 
Macroceramus 

IM)lystreptus,  45. 
Macrocyclis 

Nwwberiyana,  157. 
(?c((r.)  sportella,  157. 
Vancouvereusis,  157. 
Macron 

Kellettii,  40,  102,  150,  151. 
lividus,  icx),  150,  151. 
Mactra 

a  lata,  P  50. 
albaria,  76. 
aiigulata,  O  229,  0  246,  0  282, 

0   289,  O   297,  O  304,  P   52, 

S  161. 
aiigusta,  0  2S7,  O  289,  0  304. 
Braj-iliana,  O  211,  O  246,  P  51. 
Californica,  26,  O    196,  0    229, 

0  232,  O   287,  O  289,  0  304, 

0  349,  V  214. 
canaliculata,  0  364. 
carinata,  O  364,  P  50. 
carinulata,  O  289,  P  52. 
Diegoana,  76. 
donaciformis,  0  289. 
elegans,  0    174,  O    227,  0    280, 

O   282,  O    284,  O  2S9,  O  304, 

O  352,  0  364,  U  200. 
exoleta,  0   208,  O   211,  0   2:^7, 

O  232,  0   246,  0   280,  0  364, 

P   SO,  P   51.  P   52,  U   200,  V 

214. 
falcata,  0  209,  0  232,  O  304. 
fragilis,  O    243,  0    246,  0    304, 

0  363,  P  SI- 
Gabiotensis,  82. 
goniata,  O  287,  0  304,  P  S2. 
laciniata,  0  284,  0  304,  S  161. 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


69 


Mactra 

uiaxima,  0  192. 

uieiulioa,  0  227,  P  549,  U  200. 

modesta,  152. 

nasuta,    0    211,  0    232,0    304, 

O352. 
Nuttallii,  0  194. 
oMoiiga,  0  246,  P  51. 
ovaliua,  O  246,  P  51. 
ovalis,    0    219,    O    221,  O    223, 

O  304. 
pallida,  0  >75,  O  304. 
planulata,    25,   O    196,    0    304, 

0  349,  V  214. 
ponderosa,  O  221. 
siiiiilis,  O  178,  0  192,  O  221. 
stnltoium,  P  531. 
subglohosi,  0  175. 
uudulata,  U  2cx>. 
velata,  204, 0  280,  0  295,  O  304. 
Mactrella 
alata,  154. 
exoleta,  29, 126,  204. 
carinata,  154. 
lacinata,  0  2S4,  S  161. 
Meera 

Gouldii.  301. 
saltnonea,  113,  125,  235. 
Malea 

crassilabris,0  171,0  178, 0  238, 

0  269. 
latilabris,  0   171,  0  238,  O  269, 

O  292,  O  337. 
ringens,   24,   34,   So,    no,   152, 
153.   166,  179,  O    171,  O    238, 
O  282,  0  2S8,  0  337. 
ringeus,  far.  0  238. 
Mamma 

uberina,  P  452. 
Mangelia 

acuticostata,    36,    184,    O    284, 

O332,  P401,  S  162. 
acaticostata,  var.  subangulata, 

0  259,  P  400. 
albolaqueata,  273. 
angulata,  23,  89,  144,  284. 


Mangelia 

ait^iiuata,  144. 

cfina,  24,  294. 

conciiina,  O  332. 

crebricostata,  114,  144,  242. 

exigua,  184. 

geuimulo.sa,  1S4.  * 

bainata,  24,  293,  294. 

interfo.ssa,  114,  144,  242. 

levidensis,  89,  144. 

neglecta,  36,  184,  O  272,  O  332, 

P  401,  S  163. 
plumbea,  O  332. 
pulcbella,  24. 
rlgida,  S  163. 
far.  fuscoligata,  0  284, 

S  163,  S  164. 
septangularis,  144 
*       striosa,  O  284,8  163. 

subdiaphana,  24,  104,  154,  21S. 
sulcata,  34,  259. 
sulcosa,  185,  O  272,  O  332. 
tabulata,  114,  144,  242. 
variegata,  23,  144,  284. 
(?variegata,   var.)    nitens,    144, 

284. 
Margarita 

acuminata,  47. 

acuticostata,  98,  139. 

albula,  73. 

arctica,    19,    73,    322,    0    216, 

0  220,  O  223,  0  321. 
argentata,  71. 
calostoma,    18,   40,  139,  0    286, 

0  321. 
cidaris,  113,  139,  238. 
var.  couica,  139. 
costellata,  18,  40,  47,  92. 
Groenlandica,  0  216. 
helicina,    71,    113,    139,  169,  O 

216. 
Hillii,  28,  0  240. 
ianthina,  73. 
inflata,  89,  139. 
lirulata,  82,  139. 
mustelina,  73. 


TO 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


Margarita 

obifcura,  70. 

var.  ohioleiti,  139. 

pupilla,  25,  40,  47,  92,  98,  139. 

purpurata,  2S,  0  240. 

pasilla,  89. 

{frar.)  salinontta,  98,  139. 

Schantarica,  73. 

Bordida,  O  216. 

striata,    47,    71,  0    176,  0   216, 

O  223,  O  321. 
for.  subelevata,  139. 
sulcata,  O  216,  O  223,  O  321. 
V(tr.  temiisculpta,  89,  139. 
nnibilicalis,  0  176. 
undulata,  47,  98,  139. 
Vahlii,  S9,  139,  169. 
Margaritana 

m.irearitifera,  85,  116,  120,  i6<f. 
Margaritiphora 
alliiiia,  F  149. 
barbata,  199. 
fimbriata,  27,  50,  107.  153,  199, 

O  161,  O  249,  O  277,  O  282, 

O311,  P  550. 
margaritifera,  P  149. 
MaEatlanica.  199,  O  249,  0  296, 

0  311,  P  149,  P  196. 
radiata,  P  149. 
Marginella 

coerulea,  O  363  :  [should  be — ] 
cocrulescens,    15,    24,    35,     177, 

0  189,  O  339,  O  365. 
curta,  O  296,  0  339. 
cyprapola,   45,   0    267,   0    285, 

'  0  339- 
glans,  IS,  177. 
granum,  O  267 
imbricata,  O  226,  O  285,  0  297, 

339. 
Jewettii,   23,    147,   287,   0   228, 

O  339,  O  349,  U  207. 
Lavalleana.  P  461. 
margaritula,    0     261,    0     339, 

O  364,  P  462. 
minima,  0  364,  P  461. 


Marginella 

luiiinr,    110,    147,    177,   0    261, 

O  267,  O  339,  O  364,  P  461. 
OTuIiforniis, O  261,0  364,?  462. 
polita,    23,    24,   O   261,  0   339, 

P462. 
pruimm,    7,  15,    177,  O    189,  O 

206,   0   282,   O   339,  O    363, 

0365. 

regularis,  23,  147,  287. 

sapotilla.  IS,  35,  177,  0  189, 
O  206,  O  231,  O  267,  0  282, 
O  339,  O  363. 

snbtrigoiia,  23,  147,  287. 
Marinula 

Recluzian.'i,  O  27s. 
Marmorostoma 

pianosj.ira,  35. 

undulata,  10. 
Martesia 

iutereal.ita,  114,  123,  151,0  244, 
O  299,  P  13, 
Megalomastoma 

siuiulacruin,  4S. 
Meioceras.     See  Mioceras. 
Melampus 

aeutus,  O  315. 

Adamsianus,  S  161. 

bidentatus,  P  178. 

Bridgesii,  O  284,  O  315,  S  i6i.   ' 

coiicinnus,  O  315. 

fai^ciatus,  44. 

infrequent,  O  315. 

olivacens,  107,  133,  151,  159, 
0    233,0    251,0    284,0  315, 

0  3Si,P  178. 
Panamensis,  O  315. 
atagnalis,  0  315. 
Tabogensis,0  315. 
trilineatus,  0315. 
Melania 

bulbosa,  163,  O  209,  0  325. 
Buschiana,  51. 
exigaa,  163,  0  283. 
fusca.  163. 
Gouldii,  0  325. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


n 


Melania 

Largillierti,  0  265. 
niaziiiia,  O  286. 
Men  kf  ana,  163. 
Nt"wl»erryi,  120,  163. 
nigriua,  51,  120,  163. 
occata,  120,  0  206, 0  2II,0  325. 
plicata,  O  211,  0325. 
plicifera,    18,   84,  92,    116,  163, 

0210,0213,0325. 
polygonata,  O  286. 
rndens,  92. 
seniinalis,  120. 
Scipio,  51. 

Sha3taei)sis,  120,  163. 
Shortaensis,  84. 
ailicula,   84,   92,    163,    0    209, 

0325. 
siliqua,  O  209. 
striata,  6,  162. 
snbnodosa,  O  265. 
Wahlamatensis,    163,    0     211 

0  325. 

Warderiana,  163. 
Melaraphe 

fasciata,  P  351. 

phasianella,  31,  37,  192. 
Meleagrina 

fimbriata,  0  296,  ?  550. 

Mazatlanica,  P  149^  p  i^i, 
Melongena 

occidentals?,  35. 
Membranipora 

calpensis,  P  2. 

denticulata,  O  243,  0  298,  P  i. 

Fleiningii,  34,  256. 

gothica,  O  243,  0  298,  P  2. 

Lacroixii,  P  2, 

Rozieri,  P  2. 

Savartii,  P  2. 
MenetuB 

opercularis,  i6r. 
Mercenaria 

Dui-atelUi,  77. 

orientalis,  69. 

perlaminoaa,  77. 


Mercenaria 

Siiiij^Houi,  69,  73. 
Meretriz 


Californiana,  75. 
Dariena,  77. 
impudica,  P  70. 
petichialis,  P  70. 
Poiilsoni,  75. 
Tularena,  75. 
uniomeris,  75. 
Uvasana,  75. 
Mesalia 

lactea,  89,  141. 
lacteola,  89,  93,  141^  166,  169. 
subplanata,  89,  141, 
tenuisculpta,  98,  141, 
Mesembrinus 
excelsus,  158. 
iuscendi  tis,  158. 
pallidior,  158. 
Mesodesma 

rubrotinctum,  78. 
Mesodon 

Columbianus,  157. 
devius,  157. 
Meta 

cedonnlli,  53. 
coniformis,  53. 
Dupontiae,  53. 
ovuloidea,  53. 
Metula 

Hiudsii,  O  342. 
MUtha 

Childreni,  106. 
Mioceras 

cornubovis,  X  439,  X  443. 
cornucopiae,  X  429,  X  439,  X 

440,  X  443, 
nitidum,  X  438,  X  443. 
Miodon 

orbicularis,  236. 
prolongatus,  97,  113,  128,  168, 
236. 
Miralda  * 

laeunata,  33,  P  414. 

quinqnecincta,  32,  P  414. 
26 


T9 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES, 


Miralda 

sc.ilariformis,  JJ,  P  413. 
Mitra 

aiui)horella,  P  461. 

atteiiuata,  <)  1S8,  0  339. 

auriunloides,  O  ^31. 

babea,  O  171,  O  339. 

Beloheri,  O  206,  O  339. 

Chilensis,  13,  147. 

crassiJeus,  O  175. 

creoata,  1 10. 

Dupontii,  O  231,  0  239,  0  261, 
P466. 

effiisa,  O  185,  0  338. 

foramlnata,0  231. 

funieulata,    24,    177,   0    267,   0 

gaiisapata,  0  i86,  O  339,  O  361. 
granulosa,  177,  O  364. 
gratio.sa,  O  186,  0  339,  0  361 
Ilaneti,  62. 

Hiudsii,  O  207,  0  208,  0  339. 
lens,  24,  28,  177,  0  231,  O  239, 
0  261,  O  267,  O  33?,  P  460, 

P  545- 
maiira,    13,    147,    170,    0    201, 

0  33S,  0  349,  V  227. 
muricata,  O  339,  0  361. 
nucleola,  24,  no,  177,  0   267, 

o  338, 0  364. 

orientali.s,  13,  147. 

pica,  O  231. 

solitaria,  no,  177,  O  267,  0  284, 

0  339- 

sulcata,  0  188. 

tristis,  177,  0  185,0  267,  P  461. 
Mitrella 

cribraria,  P  487. 
Mitromorpba 

aspera,  144. 

filosa,  144,  284. 

effusa,  144. 
Modelia 

striata,  118,  240. 
Modiola 

Adamsiana,  38. 


Modiola 

attfuuata,  P  124. 

Brasiliensis,  iS,  23,  38,  47,  50, 
•52,  153,  '99,0  248,  O  277, 
O   309,0   3<'3,  P    '21,  P   '22, 

PSSo. 
Brasiliensif,    vnr.    mutabilis,  O 

24S,  P  122. 
Califoriiiensia,  0  174. 
capax,  23,  27,38,  50,  78,  85,  107, 

'29,    152,    '53,    '99,   O    197, 

O  232,  0    236,  O    241,  0   248, 

O  282,  O  284,  0   296,  0  351, 

O  352,  O   353,  O   358,  0  361, 

O  366,  P  121,  V  218. 
cauiligera,  O  249,  P  127. 
Chi-nuana,  P  123. 
cinnamouiea,  63,  P  129. 
contracta,  76. 
cultellns,  O  203,  O  223. 
discrepans,  O  21 1. 
divaricata,  O  234. 
elongata,  O  211,  O  309. 
flabcllata,    13,    18,    85,   0    213, 

0  309. 

rar.  1 30, 

flabellnm,  O  234. 
fornicata,  22,  129,  280. 
Gibbsii,  O  218. 
grandis,  O  218. 
Guyanensi.*,  0  248,  P  122. 
modiolus,  22,   26,  85,  129,   169, 

0  218,  O   223,  O   309,  0  366, 

P  121. 
nigra,  O  223. 
nitens,    21,    50,    I02,  0   227,  0 

309,  0  349. 

opifex,  123. 

papnana, O  218. 

plumula,  P  125. 

recta,  13,  18,  22,  76,  129,  0  197, 

0  229,  O  349,  V  218. 
semifusca,   38,  47,    199,  0  248, 

0  277,  P  122. 
semilaevis,  0  236,  P  539. 
spinifera,  P  121. 


INDEX    or    SPECIES. 


ts 


Modiola 

subpurparea,  21,  50. 
sulcata,  1'  119. 
vernic'osa,  0  22j. 
vulgaris,  O  211. 
Modiolaria 

eorrugata,  71. 
discors,  0  218. 

l£Bvigata,  88,  130,  169,  0  218. 
laevis,  0  218. 
marruorata,  88,  130,  169. 
iiigra,  71,  O  2i8,  0  221. 
vernicosa,  0  21S,  0  221. 
Modulus 

carchedouicus,    0   286,    0  364, 

P  35^- 
catenulatus,  27,  109, 191,  0  230, 

O  233,  0  257,  0  274,  0  326, 

0  364,  P  353. 

cerodes,  152. 

disculus,  27,   36,    192,   0    :o2, 

0   225,  0   226,  0  230,  0  233, 

0   257,  0  326,  0  364,  P  353, 

U  205. 
dorsuosus,    21,   0   226,  0   228, 

O   230,  O   257,  0  326,  P  fSS, 

U  205. ' 
duplicatus,  0  226. 

var.  0  257,  P  253. 

lenticularis,  21,  0  226. 

lividus,  0  274. 

trocbiformis,  0   202,  0  257,  ? 

352. 
unidens,  P  352. 
?Mormula 

nnifasciata,  33,  P  433. 
Monoceros 

brevidens,    13,    149,   O    201,    0 

285,  0  340,  V  229. 
brevidentatnm,  25,  179,  0  191, 

O  231,  0  235,  0  269,  0  283, 

O341. 
cingulatum,  29,  48,  180,  0  171, 

0   188,  0  238,  0  269,  P  457, 

P  458,  P  542. 
comigerum,  0  341.       " 


Monoceros 

cratisilabiuin,  0  171,  0  235. 
cjmatum,   4S,   O    174,   O    177, 

O  235,  O  2S5,  O  294. 
engonatum.  Sj,  102,  149,  O  201, 

O  340,  0  349,  V  228. 
globulus,  O  235. 
-  -ude,  0   177,  O  188,  O  204,  O 

'.QA.  O  1J.I.  O  761. 


gra 


294,  O  341,  O  361 


lapilloides,   13,  83,   149,  O  2or, 

O  231,  0  340,0349,  V  229. 
Ingubre,  10,  14,  48,  76,  '5>,  153, 

O  177,0   178,0  285,  0  294, 

O341. 

rar.  1 52. 

maculatum.    O    177,   0    2oi,~0 

341,  V  229. 
muricatum,  ()  191,0  234,0  238, 

P  458,  P  476,  P  542. 
plunibenm,  35. 
punctatum,    83,   149,  O    177,  0 

201,    0    231,    0    2J5,    O    293, 

V  229. 
punctnlatum,  O  201,  V  229. 
fviir.  spiratuin,  149. 
tuberculatum,    O    234,    O    341, 

o  352. 

unicarinatnm,   S3,   149,    0    201, 
O  231,  0  235,  0  285,  O   293, 

V  229. 
Monodonta 

carcbedonia,  P  352. 
catenulata,  O  238. 
fusca,  35. 
modulus,  P  353. 
pyriformis,  0  228,  U  204. 
Sayii.  O  2S6. 
Montacuta 

cbalcedonica,     34,   0     354,     P 

531- 
dionaea,  257. 
divaricata,  73. 

elliptica,  0  248,  0  308,  P  113. 
obtusa,  34,  257. 

bqnadrata,  O    248,  0   308,   P 

"3,  P  114. 


su 


113,  P  114. 


14 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Mopalia 

acut:i,  ij;4. 

Blainvillei,  0  318,  O  351. 

Grayii,  89,  134. 

Hiiidsii,  13,  26,  89,  92,  0  31S. 

imporcata,  89,  134. 

lignosa,  40,  134. 

Merckii,  134. 

Montereyeneis,  19,  134. 

muscosa,  23,  26,  92,  134. 

Simpsonii.  134,  0  318,  O  349. 

sinuata,  8g,  134. 

Stiinpsoni,  72. 

(?r«r.)  Swar.ii,  113,  134,  238. 

vespertina,  134,  O  318,  0  348. 

Wosnesbenskii,  134. 
Morrisia 

Honiii,  118. 
Mormus 

pilula,  158. 

sufflatus,  158. 
Morum 

xaiithostoma,  0  287. 
Morvilia 

zon.ita,  71. 
Mouretia 

Peruviana,  9. 

stellata,  O  185. 
Mncronalia 

ill  -oliita,  33,  259,  P  439. 

solitaria,  32,  37- 
Malinia 

angnlata,  23,  27,  76,  io6,  204. 
O  246,  0  280,  P  52. 

carinulata,  152. 

densata,  80. 

donaciformis,  204,  0  246,  0  280, 
P  52,  P  549. 

exalbida,  O  295. 

Tentricosa,  204,  0  246,  0  280, 

P51. 
Mumlola 

nodosa,  33,  T  4^7. 
oblonga,  33,  P  418. 
ovata,  33,  39,  P  417. 
rotundata,  33,  P  418. 


Murez 

acanthopterus,  0  177. 
aculeatus,  0   179,  0  188,  0  238, 

0  271,  P  527. 
alatus,  0  173,  O  177. 
alveatus,  O  iSS,  P  527. 
ambiguus,  0  177,  0  237,  0  238, 

O  264,0  271,  P  521,  P  543. 
amplustris,  4. 
anceps,  0  182. 
argus,  4,  0  177. 
argus,  var.  P  455. 
amiatus,  0  226,  0  287,  O  344. 
Belcheri,  15,60, 182,0205,0351. 
bicc'or,  119,  0  172,0  234,0  235, 

O   238,  0   264,  0  352,  P  524, 

P  525,  P  543. 
.— ^—  var.  45. 
Boivinii,  0  182,  0  293. 
brassiea,  0   174,  0  176,  O  177, 

O  234,  O   236,  0  238,  0  264, 

P  523,  P  537,  P  543- 
Californicus,  O  205. 
centrifuga,  99,  0  205. 
ceratus,  O  179,  P  457. 
clathratus,  0  217.  ^ 

conieus,  0  217.  ' 

corrugatus,  O  294. 
crassispina,  P  518. 
crispatus,  5,  8. 
dubius,   1S2,  0    179,    0    188,   0 

238,  0  271,  P  526,  P  543. 
ducalis,  O    176,  0   236,0   238, 

O  264,  P  523, 
erinacens,  P  628. 
erinaceoides,  0  172,  P  527. 

var.  indentatus,  0  264. 

erosus,  182,0  182,  O  271,  0  345. 

O364. 
erythrostoma,  45,  0  238,  0  264, 

P524. 

ferruginens,  7,  0  173,  0  217. 
festivus,  83,  0  205. 
flmbriatus,  O  287. 
foliatU3,3,5,6,  83,0  173,0  177, 
0235,0241,0293. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


75 


Murex 

foveolatus,  0  205. 

funiculatus,  P  519,  P  520. 

glomus,  4,  5. 

hamatus,  0  208. 

hippocastanum,  O  264,  P  524. 

horridas,  0  182,  0  293,  O  345. 

humi'iis,  0  208. 

imperialis,  45,  O  178,  P  524. 

incisus,  0  208. 

lactuca,  7,  0  173,  0  217,  0  223. 

var.  0  173. 

lappa,    O    182,    O    238,   0    264, 

P  526,  P  543. 
lima,  61. 
livid  us,  0  345. 
lyralus,  5. 
macropterus,  0  203. 
melanoleucus,  42. 
melanomathos,  6,  0  271. 
messorius,  0  238,  O  264,  O  294, 

O364,  P5'9,  P  520,  P  543. 

var.  P  519. 

miliaris,  P  485. 
monoceros,  0  201,  O  293. 
monodon,    83,    0    173,    O    174, 

O  177,  0  217,  O  223. 
montacilla,  0  294. 
multicostatus,  7,  O  173,  0  217. 
nigrescens,  25,   O    264,  0    294, 

P  519,  P  520. 
nigritus,   60,  0    177,   0   237,  0 

238,   0   264,   0   354,   P   521, 

P  523,  P  530,  P  543- 

var.  0  238. 

nitidus,  0  182,  O  264,  P  523. 
nodatua,  10. 

nucleus,  O  182,  0  345,  0  361, 
Nnttalli,  0  201,  O  231,  0  293. 
DUX,  0  191,  0  287,  P  484. 
oxyacantba,  0  182,  0  208,  O  294. 
pauxillus,    0    264,   0    287,    P 

528. 
peritus,  O  205. 
Peruvianas,  7. 
phyllopterus,  48,  0  177.  1 


Murex 

pinniger,  0  235. 

plicatus,  28,  112,  0  185,  O  234, 

0  263,  0  345,  O  352,  P  51S. 
pomum,  var.  45. 
ponderosus,  iig. 
princeps,  0  264,  P  124,  P  523, 

PS25. 
pumilus,  O  182,  0  345,  0  361. 
purpura,  4,  5.0  177,  P  485. 
radix,    6,    182,   O    174,    O    177, 

O271,  0  283,  P  521,  P  522. 
radicatus,  0  205,  O  264,  P  526. 
rectirostris,  182,  O    271,  0  294, 

0  345.  P  519,  P  520. 
recurvirostris,   25,  28,  112,  1S2, 

0  182,  0  271,  O  345,  0  364,  P 

519,  P  520. 
var.   lividus,  0   264,    P 

519- 
regius,  182,0  172,  0  174,  0  177, 

0    179,0  264,  O  271,  0  283, 

P524- 
rigidus,  lo,  0  179,  0  188. 
saltibrosus,   182,  O   179,  0    238, 

0271,0293,  P  485,  P  543. 
saloio,  10. 
sanguineus,  10. 
sci-cc/status,  35. 

ternispina,  0  238,  P  518,  P  543. 
tortuus,  14. 
trialatus,  5,  0  192. 
tricolor,    119,0    172,0   264,0 

271,  P  525. 
trigonularis,  0  177. 
tripterus,  5,  6,  O  173. 
uncinatus,  P  335. 
unidentatus,  0   238,  P   519,   p 

543- 
vibex,  183,  0  182,  O  271. 
vittatus,  183,  0  271. 
vitulinus,  0  177,  O  262,  P  485, 
P486. 
Muricidea      '    c  -        i:; 
alveata,  155,0345.        '' 
Califoruica,  149.  ''- 


t6 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Muricidea 

dubia,  25,   28,  112,  182,  274,0 

264,  O  345,  P  526. 
erinaceoides,  O  345. 
rar.  indentata,  0  264,  0 

345,  P  527. 
erosa,  182. 
lactaca,  0  345. 
lappa,  O  264,  0  345,  P  526. 
pauxillus,    0     264,   0     345,   P 

528. 
perita,  0  345. 
pinuigera,  25.    ' 
radicata,  O  345. 
rar.  squamulata,  274. 
vibex,  25,  O  345. 
vittata,  183,  O  345. 
Musculus-polylepto-ginglymuB 

Arca-NoK,  ^Z- 
Mya 

abrupta,  165,  0  367. 

arenaria,    69,    70,    74,    O    219, 

O  222,  O  223,  O  300. 
byssifera,  0  221. 
cancellata,  87. 
hjalina,  0  222. 
Japonica,  74- 
Moutereyana,  '  '>. 
praecisa,  17,  123,0  209,  O  210, 

0  219,  0  300. 
suborbicularis,  P  105. 
sabsinnata,  80. 
truncata,  17,  70,  123,  i68, 0  209, 

0  210,  O  219,  O  222,  O  223. 
Uddevalensis,  0  222. 
Myrtsea 

lenticula,  165. 
Mysia 

tumida,   12,  78,  129,  0   196,  V 

215. 
usta,  73. 
Mytilimerla 

Nuttaltii,  26,  87,    124,  O   194,  0 
301,  O349,  V211. 
Mytilus 

abbreviatua,  0  219. 


Mytilus 


Adamsianus,  41. 

bicolor,  P  122. 

bifurcatus,  12,  49,  129,  0  198, 

0  226,  0  309,  O  349,  V  219. 
borealia,  0  219. 
Brasiliensis,  U  202. 
Californiauus,  5,  22,  26,  72,  85, 

129,  O     192,   0    197,   0   212,    O 

234,   O   284,   O   309,   0   349, 

0  351,  V  219. 
cinnamomeas,  P  129. 
coruscus,  73. 
Cumingiauu3,  49. 
edulis,  18,   22,   26,    70,  72,   76, 

78,  85,  129,  151,  169,  O  192, 

0  197,  O  212,  O  219,  0  223, 

0  2S4,  O  309. 

var.  102. 

var,  latissitnus,  V  219.  ' 

flabelHtus,  18. 

frons,  6. 

glomeratus,  26,  49,  102,  129,  0 

212,    0    227,    0    234,   0   309, 

P  119,  U  202. 
Gaiaensis,  0  277. 
Guyauensis,  P  122. 
humerus,  75. 
incurvatus,  0  219. 
Inezeusis,  81. 
latissimus,  0  197. 
lithophagus  striatus,  P  126. 
multiformis,   27,  41,    106,    199, 

200,    0   248,    0   309,    P    1 1 8, 

P  120,  U  202. 
normalis,  0  197. 
notatus,  0  219. 
palliopunctatua,  49,  106,  0  248, 

0  282,  O309,  P  118,  P  119, 
Pedroanus,  76. 
pellucidus,  O  197,  0  219. 
retusus,  O  219. 
ropan,  0  249,  P  129. 
rugosu8,  O  221. 
Sallei,  49. 
splendens,  72,  73. 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


n 


Mytilua 

spatula,  0  236,  P  121,  P  538. 

subriaxatilis,  0  219. 

teuuiaratus,  P  118. 

trossulus,  18,  78,  129,  0  212. 
Myurella 

albociucta,  109,  0    258,  P  VI., 
P  384,  P  3S6. 

elata,  177. 

frigata,  0  360. 

Hiudsii,  O  258,  P  385,  P  386. 

larvaeformis,  177. 

rufocinerea,  32,  O  25S,  P  386. 

simplex,  23,  100,  143,  285. 

Bubnodosa,  109,  0  258,  P  3S6. 

tuberculosa,  177. 

variegata,  109,  153. 

Nacella 

Asmi,  0  318. 

depicta,  21,   136,  0  227,  0  229, 
0  318,  0  349,  U  204. 

incessa,    23,    26,    136,    O    229, 
0  318,  0  349. 

instabilis,  84,  136,  O  318. 

paleacea,  21,  23,  136. 

peitoides,  31,  104,  213. 

subspiralis,  98,  136. 

7var.  triangularis,  98,  136. 
Naranio     1 
(Narinio)  / 

scobina,  O  244,  0  300,  P  529. 
Narica 

auomala,  P  355. 

aperta,  104,  215. 

cryptophila,  0  254,  0  323. 

Diegoana,  76. 

insculpta,  273. 

ovoidea,  0    228,  0    230,  P   355, 
U  205. 
Narinio.     See  Naranio. 
Nassa 

acuta,  35,  0  263,  O  342,  O  366, 
P  497,  P  49S. 

ambigua,  155,  0  364. 

angulifera,  0  186,  0  342,  0  361. 


Nassa 

Californica,  155.  ' 

canescens,   35,    178,    0  268,   0 

342. 
collaria,  25,  155,  O  231,  0  268, 

O342. 
complanata,  25,   35,   151,    179^ 

O231. 
Cooperi,  28,  100,  148. 
corpulenta,  25,  28,  in,  0  231, 

0  268,  O  342. 
costellata,  O  167, 
crebristriata,    25,    34,    35,    ,79, 
0  263,0  342,  O  351,0  366, 
P4Q9. 
crenulata,  O  222. 
decussata,  35,  178,  P  497. 
elegans,  17,  100,  148. 
exilis,  35. 

festiva,  O  185,  O  268,  0  342. 
fossata,  25,  27,  100,  148,  0  209, 

O342. 
gemmulata,  69. 
gemmulosa,  178,  0  263,  0  268, 

0  342,  P  498. 
Gibbesii,  17,  ^^  148. 
glauca,  0  268,  0  342. 
incrassata,  0  167,  P  499.  ; 

insculpta,  99,  102,  148. 
interstriata,  76,  100. 
Innata,  76. 

luteostoma,     28,    178,    0     176 
0  231,  O  2J5,  0  262,  0   268 
0   283,  0  342,  0  351,  P  494, 
P  496,  P  542. 
mendica,  17,  23,  25,  27,  28,  76, 
83,    148,  168,  O   209,  0  212, 
0  342,  O  348. 
mcesta,  0  206. 
nodicincta,   25,    153,  o   186,  0 

342. 
nodifera,    178,   0    185,  0    268 

0  342,  O  361,  P  496. 
nodocincta,  O  297,  0  361. 
noduNfera,  256,  P  496.  i€- 

NortbisB,  48,  61.        .  ..„ 


78 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


Nassa  ■•■•" 

obsoleta,  179.  ■'■''■■ 

pagclus,    25,  35,    178,   0    268, 

O  342,  P  552. 
( var.)  acuta,  178,  0  263, 

P  498. 
pallida,  O  185,  0  342. 
Panamensis,  35,    179,    0    268, 

O  342. 
paupera,  35,  100,  179. 
Pedroana,  76. 
perpinguis,  23,  27,  100,  147,  0 

206,  O  231,  0  342,  0  349. 
polygonata,  P  497. 
proxima,  34,  35,  179,  0  268. 
scabriuscula,    25,    28,    35,    179, 

0  185,  O  26S,  O  342. 
Stimpsoniana,  25,  179. 
striata,    35,    100,    179,    0    268, 

O342. 
tegula,  25,   III,    148,  151,    152, 

0  192,  O  262,   O  283,  O   342, 

O351,  P  490,  P  497. 
———  var.  nodulifera,  0    263, 

P496. 
tiarula,  0  192,  P  497. 
trivittata,    76,   8^,    148,  168,  0 

209. 
versicolor,  25,  34,  35,  in,  179, 

0  231,  0  268,  O  342,  O  364, 

P499. 

var.  0  268. 

Wilsoni,  35,  179,  O  268,  0  342 
Woodwardi,  17,  28,  148. 
xanthostoma,  0   176,  0  262,  P 

495. 
Natica 

alabaster,  0  261,  0  292,  P  452. 
alapapilionis,  no. 
algida,  17,  0  210,  0  212. 
alveata,  75,  77. 
aperta,  O  216,  O  220,  0  223. 
Beverlii,  9. 

bifaaciata,  0  192,  0  234,  O  235, 
-  0  292,  O  296,  O  336,  0  352. 

Bonplandi,  7,  0  170. 


Natica 

borealis,  0  177,  0  216,  0  220. 
var.    Californica,    193,    O    201, 

O336. 
canreua,  no,  0  235. 
catenata,  24,  no,  155. 
caurina,  O  209,  0  213,  O  348. 
Chemnitzii,  0  202,  0  2n,  0  235, 

0  236,  O  240,  O  260,  0  274, 

0  292,  0  336,  P  449,  P  450, 

"V  227. 
clausa,  9,  25,  71,  72,  147,   169, 

322,  0    176,  0   216,   O   220, 

0  223,  0  335. 
consolidata,  0  216,  O  220. 
Elenae,  40. 
excavata,   40,   O    282,   0    336, 

S  165, 
flava,  19,  O  216,  0  223. 
Gallapagosa,  0  176,  O  185, 0  274. 
geniculata,  77. 
gibbosa,  75. 
glauca,  O    172,   0    190,  0    202, 

0  237,  P  540. 
Gouldii,  O  216,  0  220. 
Grojnlaiidica,  0  216. 
Haueti,  40,   194,  O  230,  0  274, 

O336. 
helicoides,  8,  0  223. 
herculea,  84,  0  216,  0  224. 
heros,  O  2n. 

ianthostoma,  0  203,  O  216. 
iuipervia,  0  348. 
luezaua,  82. 
intemerata,  0  286. 
intermedia,  P  448. 
iostoma,  0   235,  O   261,  P  449, 

R  450,  P  53^- 
lactea,  0  216. 
Lewisii,  84,0  209,  0  2n,0  213, 

0  216,  0  284. 
lineata,  40,  S  165. 
lurida,   37,    193,  O   260,  0  274, 

P448. 
Moquiniana,  62, 
maroccana,   13,  27,  37,  63,  69, 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


79 


Natlca 

no,  193,  0  201,  0  202,  0  211, 
O  230,  O  234,  0  236,  O  237, 
0  261,  O  274,  0  296,  O  336, 
0  352,  O  353,  O  360,  0  365, 
O  366,  P  448,  P  450,  P  536, 
PS40. 

var.    24,  0    230,  0    235, 

0  240,  0  282. 

var.  Califoruica,  V  227. 


ir«.ii'4 


marochienais,    63,    69,    0     261, 

P448. 
Ocoyana,  77. 
oetites,  75. 
Otis,  9,  37,  193,  O  176,  0    185, 

0  274,  O  296. 
ovum,    O   237,    O   261,    P    452, 

P  540. 
pallida,  9,  0  176,  0  2i6,  0  220, 

0  223,  O  347. 
Panamensis,  0  185. 
patula,  8,  0  170,  O  172,  0  190, 

0  202,  0  234,  O  237. 
perspicua,  0  292. 
plieatula,  0  201. 
Pritchardi,  0  240,  0  261,  0  336, 

P  449,  V  227. 
pusilla,  0  216. 
rapulum,  0  261,  P  452. 
Recluziana,  0  203, 0  208,  O  234, 

0  237,  P  540. 
rugosa,  61. 
russa,  72. 

Salangonensis,  O  274. 
sanguinolenta,  O  203. 
saturalis,  0  177,  0  216. 
saxea,  0  367. 

septeutrionalis,  O  216,  0  220. 
semilunata,  75. 
Bevera,  72. 
Souleyetiana,  24,  37, 193,  0  230, 

0  274,  0  336. 
Taalei,  62. 

tessellata,  0  261,  P  449. 
nber,  7,  O   231,  O    274,  0    283, 

0292,0351,  P4S2.  . 


■•'I 


Natica 

uber,  var.  0  292.  '  • 

uberina,  O  185, 

unifasciata,  37,  72,  193,  0  230, 

0  261,  P448. 
unimaculata,  0  292.    t,^  • 
variolari3,  35.  ",-._ 

vitrinelloides,  P  246, 
virginea,  37,  193.  0  274. 
zonaria,   24,   27,    no,    0    231, 

O336. 
Naticina  ^,,  „    . 

scopulosa,  0  367.         r. 
Nautilus 

augustatus,  0  367. 

zigzag,  0  367.       .' 
Navarchus 

inermis,  95,  133.  -    ■  '•    C 
Navea  ,   •:•,•; 

subglobosa,  121.  . . 

Neaplysia 

Californica,  133. 
Neaera 

costata,  0  207,  0  301. 

didyma,  0  207,  0  301. 

pectinata,  87,  88,  123. 
Neptunea       ) 
CNeptunaea)  ) 

badia,  60. 

castanea,  60. 

harpa,  60. 

Icelandica,  73. 

incisa,  18.  .   ■   -• 

terebrans,  73. 
Nerita 

Bernhardi,  24,  27, 108,  152,  194, 
0  233,  0  237,  0  254,  0  274, 
0   282,  0  322,  0  352,  0  364, 

P257. 
costata,  O  274. 
Deshayesii,  194,  O  254,  0  274, 

0  322,  P  255,  P  256. 
elegariB,  O  230. 
falgurans,  61. 
fmiieulata,  0  237,  0  254,0  322, 

P257,  P540.      _  


80 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Nerita 

glaucina,  P  448. 
cuaruucaiia,  P  448. 
marocliieusis,  O  261,  P  448. 
mullijugis,  O  233,  0  236,  0  237, 

O  254,  P  255,  P  536. 
oruata,  48,    194,  0   179,  O  237, 

O    254,  O  274,  0  322,  P  255, 

P  256,  P  540. 
papilionacea,  O  170. 
patula,  0  179. 
praecogiiita,  O  283. 
scabricosta,  24,  27,  48,  62,  108, 

152,  194,  O  179,0  230,  0  233, 

O  23s,  0  254,  0  274,  P  255. 
Bcabriubcula,   O   192,  0   237,  0 

282. 
tessellata,  O  364,  P  257. 
textilis,  0  170. 
Neritina 

alata,  0  176. 

Californica,  O  291,  P  258. 
cassiculum,  O  4,  0  237,  O  254, 

O  27s,  O  322,  P  258,  P  540. 
faba,  P  258. 
Fontaineana,  P  259. 
globosa,  24,  O  182,  0  322. 
Guayaquilensis,  24,  194,  0  274, 

O  322,  P  259. 
harpaeformis,  O  230. 
intermedia,    24,    194,  0    182,  0 

274,  0  322. 

far.  0  182. 

latissima,  O  182,  0  322. 
liasiua,  P  551. 

Listeri,  O  289,  0  291,  0  322. 
Michaudi,  0  189,  0  291,  O  322. 
picta,  24,  27,  O  4,  O  160,  0  1 82, 

O  192,  O  233,  0  23s,  0  237, 

O  241,  O  254,  0  275,  O  283, 

O  322,  O  352,  0  364,  P  258, 

P  259,  P  540. 
pulchra,  O  188,  0  322. 
pusilla,  P  237. 
tritoneusis,  O  182. 
virginea,  O  364,  P  258. 


Netastoma        '  y 
(.Netastomella)  / 

Darwiuii,   15,  26,  91,   121,  123, 
170,  250. 
Neverita 

Chemuitzii,  P  449. 

glauca,  no,  O  337. 

belicoidtis,  O  208. 

patula,  24,  27,  O  208,  0  337. 

Reclusiana,  147,  151,  152,  153, 
0  337,  0  349. 
NIothia 

geniinulosa,  P  498. 
Nitidella 

cribraria,  25,  28,  53,  iii,  180, 
220,  0  262,  0  269,  O  296, 
O  341,  0  363,  0  365,  0  366, 
P  487,  P  493,  U  208. 

densiliueata,  105,  221, 

gausapata,  92. 

Gouldii,  21,  23,  53,  89,  149, 
O  228,  0  341,  O  349,  U  208. 

guttata,  0  363,  0  365. 

millepuuctata,  105,  155,  220, 
221. 

pulcbrior,  0  270,  0  341. 
Noetia 

reversa,  24,  31,  154,  155,  200. 
Northia 

pristis,  25, 48, 155,  0  294,  O  344. 

serrata,  61,  179,  O  344. 
Novaculina 

Caribbcea,  205. 
Nucula 

arctica,  0  175,  0  219,  O  223. 

castrensis,  14,  75,  91,  0  207,  0 
219,  0  223,  O  310. 

caelata,  0  207,  O  311,  0  349. 

Cobboldiae,  91,  O  207. 

costellata,  O  182. 

crispa,  0  207,  0  311. 

decisa,  75. 

divaricata,  14,  75,  91, 165,  0  207, 
O367. 

Elenensis,  200,  O  277. 

excavata,  0  207,  0  311. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


81 


Nucula 

exigua,    loo,   0   249,  0  277,  0 

3",  Pi45- 
gibbosa,  O  182, 
-^-^^  var.  0  1 82. 
impressa,  O  367. 
insiguis,  73. 
Lyallii,  91. 
Ijrata,  O  207,  0  311. 
mirabilis,  73,  91. 
polita,    200,   0    182,   0   229,  O 

277- 
pygmaea,  0  223. 

Obeliscus 

achates,  21,  24,  0  333,  U  206. 

Adamsii,  i;},  37. 

bicolor,  0  296, 

clavulu3,    21,   0    289,   0    2^3, 
U206. 

conicus,  193,  0   25  -,  0   333,  P 
409. 

hastatns,  218. 

variegatus,  99,  104,  144,  219. 
Ocinebra 

var.  aspera,  149. 

erinaceoides,  25. 

interfossa,  89,  92,  114,  149, 

lurida,  25,  90,  92,  114,  149. 

var.  munda,  149. 

nux,  P  484. 

Poulsoni,  23,  149,  151,  316. 
Octopus 

inegalocyathus,  iiS. 

punctatus,  99,  118,  150. 
Odostomia 

achates,  O  228,  O  230,  U  206. 

sequisculpta,  219. 

var.  avellana,  144,  243. 

canaliculata,  P  411. 

claviilus,  O  228. 

conoidea,  O  228. 

conoidalis,  243. 

crebristriata,  T  170. 

delicatula,  219. 

dolioliformis,  144. 
6 


OdoBtomia 

geminulosa,  P  415. 

var.  Gouldii,  144. 

gravida,  23,  144,  0  22S,  0  230, 

0  296,  0  333,  0  349,  P  413. 

U  207. 
inflata,  23,  114,  144,  145,  285, 
lamellata,   O     259,   O     333,    P 

411. 
mamillata,   36,   259,    O   259,  O 

334,  P411,  P412. 
nuciformis,  114,  144,  243. 
obeliscus,  O  230. 
satura,  114,  144,  243, 
straminea,  no,  145,  314, 
sublirulata,  145,  0  259,  0  333, 

P  410. 
subsulcata,  0  259,0  333,  P  411. 
tenuis,  0  259,  0  334,  P  412. 
tenuisculpta,  114,  145,  243. 
vallata,  0   259,  0  334,  0  364, 

P  411,  P  412. 
Of''>ntidium 

levissiinum,  X  436. 
rugulosum,    X  415,    X  425,  X 

426. 
CEdalia 

scintillseformis,  97. 
subdiaphaua,  125,  302. 
Oliva 

aldinia,  63. 

angulata,  9,  24,  35,62,  153, 177, 

0  174,  O  231,  O  23S,  0  261, 

0  268,  O  292,  P  463,  P  464, 

P  465,  P  544. 
anazora,  0  239,  0  292,  P  545. 
araneosa,  35,   63,    178,   0   261, 

0  268,  O  292,  0  364,  P  466. 
aureocincta,  35. 
auricularia,  63. 
azemula,  62,  O  292. 
baetica,  var.  63. 
biplicata,  8,  10,  25,  79,  0  208, 

O   231,0   235,0  284,0  292, 

o  352. 

Brasiliensis,  63.  ._,.• 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES, 


Oliva 

caldania,  62,  63. 

Candida,  63. 

columellai'is,  8.  •     ■ 

cruenta,  O  282. 

Cumingii,   11,  28,  34,   63,    153, 

0  191,  0292,0  339,  P464. 
dama,  63,  O  292. 
Desbayesiaua,  63. 
Duclosi,  0    261,  0    339,  0    366, 

P467. 
eburnea,  0  231,0  234,  0  339. 
erythrostoma,  62. 
fimbriata,  63. 
fusiformis,  63,  178. 
gracilis,  0  226,  P  461, 
liiatula,  0  262,  P  472. 
'         inconspicua,  178,  O  268,  O  364, 

P  470. 
intertincta,    34,   0   261,  0    339, 

P  465. 
intorta,  0  234. 
Julietta,    62,    154,    178,  O    188, 

O  23S,  0  339,  P  466,  P  544. 
kaleoutina,  154,  O  188. 
Levariana,  6. 
lineolata,  63,  178,0  177,  0  178, 

O  292,  P  471. 
literata,  178. 
mautichora,  62. 
Maria,  62. 
Melchersi,    28,   35,  in,  178,  0 

238,   0   261,   O   339,  0   364, 

p  464,  p  465,  P  466,  p  544. 

memnonia,  63. 
mutica,  63. 
neduliua,  63,  O  292. 
nivea,  O  268. 
obesina,  63,  O  292. 
onisca,  63, 
oriola,  63.  ,.      - . 

oryza,  0  364. 
;   ozodona,  63,  O  292. 
v'*    pantherina,  0  238. 
.,'   pellucida,  34,  35,  178,  0  268. 
petiolita,  0  231,  P  470. 


Oliva 

pindarina,  62,  63,  0  292. 

plumbea,  O  231. 

polpastcr,  II, OiSS,  0191,0339, 

P464. 

pouderosa,  62. 

porphyria,  6,  24,  28,  48,  iii, 
152,  178,0  168,0  174,0  234, 
0  238,  0  268,  O  282,  0  339, 
0  350,  0  352,  P  463,  P  544. 

propatula,  O  265,  V  209. 

purpurata,  63,  O  262,  P  471. 

razomola,  62,  63. 

reticularis,  62,  178,  O  292,  P 
464,  P  465,  P  466,  P  467. 

var.  0  261,  0  268,  P  466. 

rutifasciata,  63,  0  231. 

Schumacberiaua,  P  467. 

selasia,  62,  63. 

seinistriata,  9,  178,  O  268. 

splendidula,  8,  O  1S8,  0  234, 
0    235,  O  2S3,  0   297,  0  339, 

o  351.0  352. 

Steeriae,  63. 

subangulata,  28, '34,    in,   152, 

P464, 
tergiua,  0   234,  0   236,  O   239, 

0  292,  P  469,  P  537,  P  544. 
testacea,    178,   0    171,   O    177, 

0  231,  O   23s,  O   239,  O   265, 

0  268,  0  292,  P  472,  P  545, 

"V  209. 
testacea,  var.  63. 
tigrina,  O  235. 
timoria,  63,  0  292. 
tisiphona,  63. 
todosina,  62. 
undatella,    10,  63,    178,  0    177, 

0  239,  0  268,  0  292,  P  467, 

P545- 

ustulata,  63. 

venulata,  35,  63,  178,  O  192, 
0  238,  0  261,  O  268,  0  292, 
0  339,  P  464,  P  465,  P  466, 

P  467,  P  544. 
— —  var,  0  268. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES, 


83 


Oliva 

volutella,  63,  178,  0  171,  O  177, 

O  178,  0  231,0  235,0  268. 
zonalis,  0    171,   O    177,  0    236, 

P468,  P47i,PS37. 
Olivella 

anazora,  23,  24,  in,  147,  O  262, 

O  339,  P  469. 
aureocincta,  34,  in. 
baetica,  23,  27,  76,  100,  147. 
biplicata,  13,  23,  27,  114,   147, 

151.0339. 
bullata,  U  207. 
columellaria,  178. 
conoidalis,  O  364, 
dama,   34,    in,    178,0   262,0 

339.  P47I- 
eburnea,  (<  352. 
fulgida,  152. 
glandinaria,    13,    147,    0    201, 

O  339,  V  227. 
gracilis,  24,  28,  34,  155,  178. 
inconspicua,  24,  34,    in,    178, 

O  262,  O  340,  P  470. 
intorta,  O   228,  0   339,  0   352, 

U  207, 
kaleontina,  0  340,  0  361. 
lineolata,  0  192,  0  262,  P  471. 
mutica,  P  470,  P  472. 
oryza,  17S,  P  470. 
pellucida,  178,  0  340. 
petiolita,  23,  147,  0  364,  P  469, 

P470. 
— — ^  var.  aureocincta,  0  262, 

O  339,  O  364,  P  470. 
rufifasciata,  23,  147,  O  339. 
semistriata,  24,  100,  178,  0  340. 
tergina,  24,  28,  147,  178,  0  262, 

O  340,  0  352,  0  364,  P  469. 
nndatella,    in,   178,0   262,   0 

350,  P  468. 
volnlella,   24,   28,    178,  0   282, 

O  340,  P  469. 
Zanneti,  24. 
zonalis,  24,  iii,0   262,0  339, 

0  363,  P  472. 


Ommastrephes  ->'-■■    >. 

Ayrertii,  99,  150.  ..i  ■. 

gigant«us,  99,  150.  i   • 

Omphalius 

ater,  13,  0  200,  V  224. 

aureotinctus,    25,    151,   0    200, 
O  321,0349,  O  351,  V  224. 

Brazilianus,  P  234. 

brunneus,  O  321,  0  351. 

Byronensis,  P  234. 

Californicus,  0    163,  0   233,   0 

297,  P  235- 
coronulatus,    24,   27,   108,    191, 

O  274. 
cruciatus,  P  234.  '    .  ■ 

dentatus,  0  229.  ,;     -^ 

euryomphalus,  0  321.     %  ■ 
funebralis,  13.  ' 

fascescena,  27,  138,  151,  0  200, 

O  233,  0  321,  V  224, 
globulus,  0  253,  0  321,  P  236. 
ligulatiis,24,  34, 138,  191,256,0 

253, 0  321,  P  234,  P  23s,  P  236. 
maculosua,  O  321. 
margiuatus,  13,  0  200,  0  321, 

V  224. 
moestus,  0  321,  0  348. 
Panamensis,  24,  192. 
Pfeifferi,  21,  O  217,  0  321,  U204. 
reticulatus,  O  321. 
rugosus,  27,  O  321,  0  352. 
• var.  rufotinctus,  O  253, 

P233. 
viridulns,    24,    36,  155,  192,  0 

229,   0    253,    0   321,    P   234, 

P  235,  P  236. 
Onchidium 

Carpenteri,  107,  159. 
Oniscia 

oni.«cns,  0  364.  <- 

tuberculata,  O  282.      't-y'O 

rar.  O  287. 

tuberculosa,   27,    no,   0     188, 

O  234,  0  270,  0  292,  O  337, 

O  350,  0  352,  0  360,  0  364. 
xanthostoma,  0  337,  0  360. 


84 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Onychoteuthis 

Bergii,  O  218,  0  223,  0  345. 

fusiform  is,  99,  118,  119,  150. 

Kamtschatica,  O  218,  0  223. 
Opalia 

attenuata,  244. 

australis,  244,  245. 

bicarinata,  244. 

borealis,  18,  99,  1 14,  146. 

buUata,  23,  146,  287. 

crassicostata,  244,  245. 

crassilabrum,  244. 

crenata,  105,  220,  244,  324. 

creuatoides,     105,      220,      244, 

324- 

( var.)  insculpta,  25, 105, 

146,  214,  322,  324. 

diadema,  244. 

funiculata,  37,  244. 

McAndreae,  244. 

Ochotensis,  114,  245. 

retiporosa,  99,  146,  244. 

spongiosa,  99,  146,  244. 
Orbicula 

Cumingii,  54,  205,  O  280. 

Evansii,  55,  0  287. 

Norvegica,  55. 

ostreoides,  55. 

striata,  55. 

strigata,  54- 
Orthalicus 

liven?,  59,  O  251,  P  176. 

Mexicanus,  0  250,  P  177. 

princeps,  P  177. 

undatus,  158,  0  363,  P  176. 

zebra,  93,    158,  O   170,  O  363, 
P  176. 

Ziegleri,  O  251,  P  177. 
Orthocera 

glabra,  X  436. 

imperforata,  X  425. 

trachea,  X  414,  X  423. 
Oscilla 

exarata,  33,  no,  P  415. 

terebellum,  no. 

ziziphina,  23t  P  4'^. 


OsilinuB 

ater,  0  321,  0  34S,  0  351. 

gallinus,  0  321, 

v(ir.  V  204. 

Osteode&ma 

bracteatura,  17,  O  209,  O  210. 

Californicum,  O  231. 

corbuloides,  0  222. 

diaphanum,  0  287,  Q  228. 

hyalinum,  119,  0  209,  0  210, 
O  222. 

nitidura,    17,    0    226,    0    22S, 
U  199,  Q  229. 
Ostrea 

aequatorialis,  0   191,  0  250,   P 

>57- 
amara,  27,  38,  107,  152,  199. 

bicolor,  P  161. 

borealis,  74. 

Bourjjeoisii,  ng. 

Cana<lensis,  P  160,  P  550. 

Columbieusis,  107,  132,  O  186, 
O  226,  0  250,  O  277,  0  312, 
P  161. 

conchaphila,  38,  78,  132,  151, 
152,  199,  0  198,  O  233,  0  250, 
0  277,  O  2S2,  O  312,0  351, 
0  353,  O  365,  P  159,  P  161, 
P  163,  P  352,  P  482,  V  220. 

Cumingiana,  0   250,    0    312,  0 

352,  P  163. 
edulis,  85,   132,  198,  P  159,   P 

161. 
frar.  expansa,  loi,  132,  306. 
frous,  6. 
gallu3,  14. 
Heermanui,  76. 
iridescens,    107,    117,   198,  273, 

274,   O    162,   0    226,   0    250, 

O  312,0  365,  P   157,  P    162, 

P  164. 
var,  laticaudata,  loi,  132,  305. 
loiigiro^trls,  P  160. 
lurida,  85,  92,  loi,  132,  305. 

var.  76.  '  /"  " 

margaritacea,  0  250. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


85 


Ostrea 

ni«*goflon,  i+,  154. 

palmula,  24,   132,    199,  O    233, 

O   250,  O   282,  0  312,  P  163, 

P550. 
Panaiiiensis,  198. 
Paiizana,  81  • 
periia,  P  150. 
plumula,  O  351,  0  353. 
prismatica,  P  157. 
Puelchana,  P  157. 
rufa,  38,  132,  198,  306,  0  226, 

O  250,  P  157,  P  159. 
var.  rufoi(ies,  78,  loi,  132,  306. 
spathiilata,  O  365,  P  157. 
suhfalcata,  76. 
subjecta,  81. 
Titan,  80. 
vespertina,  76. 
Virginica,  38,  78,  107,  132,  152, 

306,  0    226,  0    250,  O    277, 

0  312,  0  363,  P  159,  P  160. 
Ovulum  I 
(Ovula)  ) 

aciculare,  P  370, 
sequale,  0  1S2,  O  188. 
avena,  35,  176,  0  182,  O  267.' 
Californicnm,    0    230,    O    233, 

0  358,  P  370. 

deflexum,  0  239,  P  545. 
emarginatum,  176,  0  239, 0  267, 

P545- 
gibbo.-um,  0  297,  0  328,  O  363. 
inflexuin,  O  182. 
neglectum,  35,  0  267. 
patulum,  P  375. 
secale,  0  226. 
simile,  O  226. 

subrostratum,  O  364,  P  370. 
uniplicatuin,  P  370. 
variabile,   176,    0    226,    O    230, 

O  233,  0  267,  0  364,  P  370. 
var.  0  267. 

PachychiluB 

corvinus,  45. 


Pacbydesma 

craii^atelloides,  25,  26,  81,  114, 
126,  151. 

Inezana,  81. 
Pacbypoma 

gibberosam,  I13,  I37,  239. 

inn'quale,  137. 
Pallium 

Estrellanum,  80,  81. 
Paladina 

baltliica,  O  220. 

carinata,  0  170. 

Hindsii,  162. 

Kikxii,  0  222. 

nmriatica,  O  220. 

nuclea,  162,  O  207,  0  297. 

Nuttalliaua,  162. 

octona,  0  220. 

pusilla,  0  220. 

seminalis,    90,    120,    162,    211, 
0  206. 

stagnalis,  0  220. 

,  rar.  0  220. 

tentaculata,  O  222. 

thermalis,  0  220. 

nlva,  0  220, 

virens,  162. 
Paludinella 

aculeus,  O  215,  0  220,  O  223. 

castanea,  241,  O  215. 

cingulata,  O  215,  O  220,  O  223. 

stagnalis,  0  215,  0  220,  O  223, 
O  257,  P  361. 
Pandora 

arcuata,  22S. 

bilirata,  80,  124,  232. 

brevifrons,  231,  O  185,  0  301, 

Ceylaiiica,  229. 

cistula,  231. 

claviculata,    124,   204,     225,  0 
287,  0  301,  Q  22S. 

cormita,   39,   204,  227,    O    280, 
301. 

Cumingii,  229. 

delicatnla,  229,  230.- 

depressa,  227.  .,    _  . 


86 


INDKX   OF    SPECIES. 


Pandora 

di:icur8,  22S- 

flexaosa,  230. 

intpquali:!,  230. 

Indica,  229. 

n&sata,  226. 

obloDga,  231. 

obtnaa,  229,  230,  231. 

panctata,     1 2, 226, 0  194, 0  301, 
O  349,  Q  228,  V  211. 

radiata,  231. 

rostrata,  230,  231. 

striata,  232. 

triliueata,  226. 

nnguiculus,  230. 

Wardiana,  230,  231. 
Pandorina 

areuosa,  O  222. 

flabellata,  73. 
Panopaea 

abrupta,  O  3G7. 

Aldrovandi,  0  209. 

Faajasii,  123. 

fragilis,  73. 

generosa,  73,  82,  0  209,  0  213, 
0  300,  O  348, 

Norvegica,  0  222,  0  223. 

reflexa,  82. 

var.  aagrinata,  73. 
Parapholas 

acuminata,  29,   0    194,    0   244, 
0   265,  O    299,  0  366,   P   12, 

V  209. 

bisalcata,    61,    121,   O    265,  V 

209. 
branchiata,  0  366. 
Californica,    26,   119,    121,   123, 

0  194,  O  299,  0  349,  0  351, 

V  209,  V  210. 

calva,  26,  29,  61,  0  244,  0  299, 

P9. 
Jaiielli,  123. 

penita,  1 1,  251,  0  194,  V  210. 
Parthenia 

armata,  0  259,  0  334,  0  364, 

P4I3- 


Parthenia 

exarata,    33,  36,    190,  0    259, 

O334,  P415,  P4»6. 
gemmulosa,  U  364. 
lacunata,  O  334,  P  414. 
quiiiqueciucta,  3},  36,  189,  190, 

^'  259,  O  334,  P  414, 
icalariformis,   0    259,    0    334, 

P368,  P  413,  P  414,  P  434. 
ziziphina,  O  259,  0  334,  P  416. 
Patella 

aculeata,  P  268. 

erugiiiosa,  19,   0    215,   0   224, 

P  203. 
ancjioides,  19. 
antiquata,  P  297,  R  3. 
Asmi,  19,  0  215,  0  223. 
Araucana,  P  200. 
auriculata,  P  287,  P  290,  T  168. 
australis,  P  299,  R  3. 
Barbadensia,  P  215. 
cwoa,  19,  O  215,  0  219,  0  223. 
var.  concentrica,  19. 
caljptra,  3,  98. 
Candida,  71,0  219, 
cassis,  O  215. 
,  cerea,  0  219, 

cinis,  48,  O  173,  0  290,  P  207, 

V  221. 

clypeaster,   48,  0    172,    0   290, 

P  20S. 
conica,  0  209. 

corrugata,  O  252,  0  291,  P  200. 
crepidula,  O  255,  P  284. 
Cumingii,  O   173,  0  290,  P  203, 

P  208,  V  221. 
deaurata,  O  173,  0  215,  0  348. 
diaphana,  O   173,  O   187,  0  199, 

0  208,  0  239,  0  252,  P  203, 

V  221. 
digitalis.  O  223. 

discors,  o,  108,  0  233,  0  252, 
0  282,  O  291,  P  200,  P  201, 
P  206,  P  210. 

exarata,  9,  O  173,  O  290. 

fenpstrata,  O  173,  O  198,  0  291, 
P  207,  V  221. 


INDSX   f>F   SPEClEa 


8T 


Patella 

fiuibriata,  O  209. 
floccata,  I'  203. 
fornicata,  P  268. 

V'ir.  P  268. 

Gorfensis,  O  255,  0  363,  P  284. 
grata,  72. 
iiicessa,  O  206. 
inatabilis,  O  209. 
I.Tvigata,  O  199. 
liuiatuia,  49. 
livesct'iis,  48,  0  291. 
leucopliaea,  0  173,  O  199,0  291, 

P  203,  V  221. 
Magellanica,  91. 
mamillata,  13,  49,  O  173,0  198, 
.  O  291,  P  207,  V  221. 
maxima,  O  192,  O  252,  P  199. 
Mazatlamlica,  9,  O  173,  0  178. 
Mexicana,  24,  27,  O  175,  0   190, 

0  233,  O   239,  0   241,  O   252, 

0  318,  P   199,  P  200,  P  201, 

P  210,  P  546. 
militaris,  P  300. 
mitriila,  P  297. 

monticola,  0  173,  0  198,  V  221. 
monticolor,   0    173,   O    198,  V 

221. 
navicula,  0  252,  O  291,  P  210. 
nivea,  P  297,  R  3. 
Nuttalliana,  49,  0   173,  0  291, 

P  208. 
opea.  P  206. 
Oregona,  O    174,  O    199,  0   291, 

P  209,  Q  223,  V  222. 
palliJa,  72. 

patina,  O  215,  0  219,  0  223. 
pecten,  3. 
pediculus,    108,   O   224,  0  252, 

0   291,  0  318,  P  200,  P  201, 

P535. 
pelta,  O  219,  0  223. 
perforata,  P  215, 
persona,  0  215,  O  223. 
persoiioides,  0    215,  0    223,    P 

203- 


Patella 

jH-iiza,  10,  0   3,  0    179,  P  287, 

P  290. 
pil^ata,   O    174,  0    199,  P  209, 

V222. 
pileolus,  19,  O  215,  O  223. 
plicata.  35. 
plumlifa,  29. 
poculuni,  O  179. 
porpliyrozonias,  P  215. 
rosea,  P  215. 
scahra,    16,    49,  O   199,  0    209, 

O  252,  O  291,  P  203,  V  222. 
scnrra,    O    172,   0    173,0    215, 

O  224,  V  222. 
scutellata,  O  3,  P  287. 
spei-trum,    16,    O    199,   0    209, 

()  291,  P  209,  V  222. 
stipulata.  48,  O  187,  O  318. 
striata,  O    187,   O    252,  P   203, 

P  208. 
strigilJata,   O    373,    0    198,   V 

221. 
talcosa,  9. 
tessellata,  0  173,  0  199,  P  207, 

V  221. 
textilis,  16,  0  209. 
toreuma,    48,  0    288,  0   290,  0 

291,  Q  233. 
?— — —  var.  tenuilirata,  0  288, 

Q233. 
trauioserica,  3. 
trochiformis,  P  264. 
troclioides,  P  265. 
umbonata,  O  174,  O  199,  0  291, 

P  209,  V  222. 
venosa,  O  163,  0  290. 
verriculata,   O    173,    0   291,    P 

203,  P  207,  V  221. 
vespertina,  48,  0  290,  P  203. 
vulgata,  37,  198. 
zehrina,  var.  P  200. 
Patelloida 

depicta,  O  206,  U  204. 

punctata,  O  215. 

striata,  P  203.  '^  *  ^ 


26 


88 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Patula 

Cooperi,  157. 
Mazatlauica,  157. 
sportella,  157. 
strigosa,  157. 
Pecten 

adspersus,  0  236,  P  538. 
(?tar.)  aeqnisalcatns,  22,  26,78, 

85.  131,  15s,  170,  280. 
altiplicatns,  81. 
aspersus,  199,  O  277 
catilliformis,  77. 
caurinus,  73.  85,  131,0  311,0 

348. 
circularis,  40,   45,  76,  .  107,  0 

250,  0  285,  0  290,  O  352,  P 

152- 
dentatus,  O  233,  0311,0  352. 
deserti,  76,  81. 
DieflFenbachii,  73. 
digitatus,  0  207. 
discus,  81. 
excavatus,  14. 
Fabricii,  60,  O  211,  O  218. 
fasciculatus,  0  207,  O  311. 
floridus,  25,  322,0  207,0  311, 

O351. 
hastatus,  14,  18,22,  81,  92,  131. 
hericeus,    18,  92,    131,    0    212, 

0311,0348. 
Hindsii,  60,  92. 
inca,  199,  O  277,0  311 
intermedia,  80,  107. 
irradians,  281. 
Islandicus,   4,    20,    60,    70,   92, 

131,  O  218,  O223. 
Jeffersonius,  81. 
iffitus,  73. 
laqueatus,  O  288. 
latiauritus    22,    45,    60,  131,   O 

198,    O    229,  0   233,    0    234, 

0  311,  O  349,  0  351,  V  219. 
Madisonius,  77. 
juagniflcus,   O    185,   0    311,   0 

359,  ■  •       ..  - , 

magnolia,  8t.  > 


Pecten 

Meekii,  81. 

niesotiraeris,  45. 

monutimeris,  26,   78,    131,   151, 

O  198,  0  229,  0  233,  0  234, 

V  219. 
Nevadanus,  77. 
nodosus,  O   233,  0  234,  0  311, 

O352. 
nucleus,  rar.  O  290. 
Pabloeusis,  80. 

paucicostatns,  22,  100,  131,281. 
Pealii,  0  218. 
pomatia,  14. 
propatulns,  165,  0  367. 
purpuratus,  102,  0  233,  O  284, 

0  35>- 
pyxidatus,  153. 
rastellinus,  14. 
rubidu!<,  4,  20,  92,   131,  0  207, 

O  218,  0  223,  0  311. 
senatorius,  40,  73,  O  282. 
sericeus,  O  207,  O  311. 
(?r<jr.)  squarrosus,  22,  281. 
subcrenatus,  153. 
subnodosus,    24,    27,    107,    151, 

O  1S5,  O311. 
Townsendi,    18,  0   213,    0   311, 

O348. 
Tumbezensis,  199,  0  277,  0  31 1. 
tumidus,   35,   78,  85,  O    1S5,  0 

187,  0  277,  O  290. 
tunica,  60,  131. 
varius,  0  222,  P  532. 
ventricosus,    14,  24,  27,  40,  45, 

54,  78,85,  107,  131,  151,  152, 

170,    199,    280,   281,   O    187, 

O  233,  O  234,  0  277,  0  282, 

O  290,  0  311. 
—^——  var.  22. 
Yessoensis,  70,  74. 
Pectunculus 

assimilis,    200,   0   1S2,    0    229, 

0  233,  O  249,  0  277,  P  144. 
bioolor,  0  285,  0  290,  O  310. 
Californicus,  0  192. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


B^ 


Pectunculus 

corbis,  4. 

giganteus,  27,  0  208,  0  233, 
O  2S5,  O  2S9,  0  310,  0  352, 

inaequalis,  10,  24,  200,  0  178, 
O  182,  O  249,  0  2S5,  0  2S9, 
O  290,  0  310,  0  366,  P  144. 

maculatus,    24,   200,  0   208,  O 
277,  0  310. 

multicostatus,  0  249,  0  310, 
O  366,  P  144. 

nitens,  165,  0  367, 

parcipictus,  24,  0  229,  0  310. 

patulus,  165,  O  367. 

pectenoides,  24,  0  208,  0  265, 
O310. 

pectinlformis,  O  249,  P  144. 

septentrionalis,  0  219,  0  223. 

tessellatus,  O  229. 
Pedicularia 

Californica,  119,  149. 

decussata,  119. 

elegantissima,  119. 

Sicula,  119. 
Pedipes 

angulatus,  0  275,  O  316. 

liratus,  98,  116,  133,  159. 
Penitella 

Conradi,  14,  121,  0  203. 

ovoidea,  76. 

penita,  76,  121. 

spelsea,  76. 

tubigera,  15,  0  203. 

Wilsonii,  121,  0  194,  O  265,  V 
209. 

xviophaga,  15,  0  203. 
Perdicea 

nodosa,  48. 
Periploma 

alta,  O  2S0,  0  301. 

argentaria,  So,  124, 0  194,  0  301, 
0  351,  Q  229,  V  211, 

excurva,  Q  229. 

excarvata,  O  287,  0  301. 

Leana,  0  231, 0  297,0  301,  Q229. 

obtasa,  62. 


Periploma 

papyracea,    O    287,    O    301,   Q 

229. 
planiuscula,  O  194,  0    231,  O 
301,0352,  V211. 
Pema 

anomioides,  52, 

Californica,  52,   0    193,  0    198, 

O  234,  V  219. 
Cheinnitziana,    0   233,    0    277, 

P  150. 
costellata,    52,    0    198,   P    152, 

V  219. 
flexuosa,  0   20S,  0  233,  O   249, 

P  150. 
incisa,  V  219. 
masillata,  82. 
moutana,  82. 
quadrata,  60. 
radiata,  P  150. 
Per  onaeo  derma 

ochracea,  104,  210. 
punicea,  i'02. 
PeronaeuB 

arternisia,  158. 
Persicula 

clandestina,  P  462. 
fruuientum,  iii. 
imbricata,  24,  iii,  112. 
interrnpta,  iii. 
phrygia,  in,  112. 
minor,  P  461. 
sagittata,  in. 
Persona 

constricta,  24,  O  231. 
ridens,  24,  O  338. 
Petaloconchus 

cereiis,  W  316,  W317. 
cochlidium,  W  314,  W  315,  W 

317- 
flavescens,  W  314,  W  317. 
macrophragma,  24,  43,  108,  114, 

140,  239,  0  200,  0  255,  O  323, 

O  351,  0  353,  0  364,  P  306, 

P  309,  V  226,  W313,  W314, 

W317. 


90 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Petaloconchus 

neiiiiseoidfs,    W    316,    W    317, 

X  4^''>,  X  431. 
octosectus,  W  317. 
reniseutus,  W  315,  W  317. 
? ,    var.    Woodwardii,   W 

316. 
yarians,  0  364,  W  315,  W  316, 

W  317. 

Petricola 

amygdalina,    O    184,   O    299,  0 

359- 
arcuata,  12,    14,   45,    120,    127, 

0  196,  O  203,  0  229,  V  214. 

var.  O  203. 

bulbosa,  O  226,  0  232,   O  244, 

P  547,  U  198. 
Califoriiica,    12,   45,    120,    127, 

0    196,  0  229,  O   299,  O  349, 

O351,  V  214. 
carditoiiles,    12,    14,  20,  22,  26, 

76,  78,  88,    120,    127,  O    196, 

O  229,  0  284,  V  214. 
cognata,  38,  203,  0  279,  O  299, 

0363- 
Cordieri,  0   196,  0  203,  0  229, 

V  214. 
cjlindracea,  12,   14,  20,  78,  120, 

127,   0    196,    0   203,    O   219, 

0  224,  O  229,  0  284,  V  214. 
dactylu.s,  O  232,  0  299,  O  352. 
denticulata,  O  244,  0  297. 
gibba,    20,    127,  0    196,  O   219, 

O  223,  O  299. 
lamellifera,  var,  0  229. 
iniral)ilis,  O  281. 
pholadiforruis,  0  279. 
var.  23,  38,  203,   0  299, 

robusta,    15,   29,    106,   O  1S4, 

0  226,  0  232,  0  234,  0  244, 

O  265,  O  295,  0  299,  O  352, 

0  364,0  365,  P  17,  P  547, 
U  198,  V  209. 

rubra,  P  108. 


Petricola 

Biuuosa,  0   226,  0  244,  0  265, 

P  547,  V  209. 
Bubglobosa,  45. 
suburbiLiilaris,  P  105. 
tenuis,  38,  203. 
veutricosa,  154,  0  244,  0  299,? 

19. 
Fhasianella 

compta,   54,    79,    97,    137,   228, 

282,  O   230,  O   253,  0   283,  O 

284,0  320,  0  351,  P  225,  u 

204. 
(? var.)  elatior,  23,   137, 


282. 


(?- 


var.)     puUoides,    23, 


137,  282. 
(? var.     punctulata,  23 

137,281. 
fas^ciata,  P  226. 
fulminata,  P  226. 
minuta,  P  224. 
perforata,    24,    54,    155,  O    253, 

O  295,  O  320,  O  364,  U  204. 
? ,  var.    striulata,   O    253, 

P  225. 
pnllns,  282,  P  226. 
striulata,  214. 
te.-^seilata,  P  224. 
uudatella,  P  226, 
zebrina,  P  225. 
Phidiana 

iodiiiea,  94,  95. 
Pholadidea 

clausa,  O  366. 

coiicanierata,.  123. 

cornt-a,  121, 

curta,  0  244,  O  299,  P  9. 

melanura,  121,   O    194,    0    244, 

O  265,  0  299,  O  366,  V  209. 
ovoidea,  14,  22,  26,  123,  0  226, 

0  299,  0  351,  U  198. 
penita,    22,   50,    87,    123,    251, 

0  299,  O349,  0351. 
tubifera,  205,  0  299. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


91 


Fholadopsis 

pectiuata,  121,  0  265,  V  209. 
Fholas 

atuuiiiiata,  O  1S4. 

Calitorniea,  121,  O   194,  O  202, 

0  231,  O  234,  V  209. 
Califoruieusis,  O  174. 
calva,  0  184. 
Candeana,  121. 
coDcauierata,    87,    121,   O    194, 

0  202,  0  211,  O  228,  V  210. 
cornea,  0  1S4,  O  229. 
crucifera,  O  280. 
crucigera,  23,  205,  O  184,  O  280, 

O  299. 
curta,  0  1S4,  O  191. 
dactjlus,  205. 
Darwiuii,  251. 

Jauellii,  121, 0  194, 0  202,  V  209. 
laiiceolata,  23,  0  280. 
latjuuata,  39,  O  280. 
vur.  uana,  O  184. 
oblongata,  121. 
ovoidea,  0  226,  0    231,  O  234, 

U  198. 
penita,  87,  121,  0    194,  O    202, 

0  211,  O  231,  V  210. 
retifera,  121. 
rostratra,  15,  O  203. 
truncata,  121. 
tubifera,  205,  O  280. 
xylophaga,  205,  0  280,  O  299. 
Fhorcus 

Calil'ornicus,  O  253, 0  286,  P  235 
euryoiuphalus,  139. 
liratus,  P  235. 
maculosns,  139. 
marcidus,  139. 
Pananieiisis,  O  295. 
pulligo,  19,  21,  139. 
umbilicaris,  P  235. 
variegatus,  O  253,  P  234. 
Phos 

articulatus,  0  206,  0  343. 
biplicatiis,  0  284,  O  343,  S  166, 
crassus,  0  206,  O  26S,  0  343, 


Phos 

gaudeus,  25,  0  206,  0  342. 

seuticosus,  0  206. 

tunitus,  O  186,  O  343, 

Veiagueusis,  0  206,  0  342. 
Phrontis 

x.iiithostoma,  P  495. 
Phylliroe 

Lichten.-iteinii,  0  173. 
Phyllonotus 

bicolor,    28,     112,    153,   0    264, 

^>  345,  P  524- 
brassica.  28,  155,  O  264,  0  345, 

P523- 
iniperialirf,  0  345. 
nigritus,  28,  152,  153,  182,0264, 

0  345.  P  521. 
nitidus,  O  264,  0  345,  P  523. 
oxyaeanthus,  0  345. 
princepa,  28,  112,  O  264,  O  345, 

P  525- 
radix,  182,  0  345 
regius,  1S2,  0  264,  O  345,  P  524, 

P525. 
Physa 

aiupullacea,  160. 

aurautia,  27,0237,0251,0316, 

O364. 
a'Tea,  160, 

bullata,  85,  160,  O  283,  0  316. 
Charpentieri,  160. 
coucolor,  161. 
costata,  118,  1 6n. 
cylindriea,  160. 
data,  27,  0  227,  O  296,  0  316, 

0  364,  P  180,  U  203,  V  220. 
elliptica,  160. 
elongata,  85,  i6i. 
elongatina,  161. 
fontinalis,  O  222. 
foutana,  i6o. 
Gabbii,  160. 
glabra,  160. 
gyrina,  160. 
heterostropba,  85,  93,  116,  120, 

160. 


92 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Physa 

Hildrethiana,  i6o. 

humerosa,    79,  90,   160,  O  283, 

O316. 
hypnorum,  116,  0  222. 
iuflata,  160. 
Lordi,  90,  93,  160. 
Maugerse,  61,  162,  0  364. 
osculans  160,  O  265. 
Peruviana,  O  237,  0  251,  P  179, 

P  180,  P  540. 
Phillipii,  160. 

planorbula,  161. 

plicata,  160. 

purpurostoma,  44. 

Sowerbyana,  44. 

striata,  160. 

subarata,  160. 

triticea,  120,  161. 

virgata,  160,  O  283,0  316. 

virginea,    160,    O   209,   O    213, 
O316. 

Pila 

nniltijngis,  P  255. 

ornata,  P  255. 

scabricosta,  P  255. 
Pileopsis 

autiquata,  P  297. 

mitrula,  0  255,  P  297,  R  3- 

pilosa,  0  275. 

subrufa,  R  4. 
Pilidium 

commodum,    O     216,     O    220, 
O233. 
Pinna 

lanceolata,  107,  0  208,  0  249, 

0  311,  P  147- 
maiira,  24,  38,  107,  199,  O  185, 

0  249,  0  277,0311,  P  146. 
nigra,  43- 

rudis   0  241,0  282,0  296. 
rugosa,  27,  107,  0  185,  0  249, 

O  311.  P  147- 
tuberculosa,  24,  38,  199,  0  185, 
0277. 


Pirena 

Californica,  0  200, 0  209,0  230, 
U  206,  V  226. 
Pisania 

sequilirata,  O  263,  0  344. 
artiuulata,  O  226. 
cinis,  O  344,  O  361. 
D'Orbiguyi,  180, 
elata,  105,  221. 
elegans,  O  288. 
fortis,  25,  322,  324. 
gemmata,   25,   29,    196,  O    204, 
O  236,  0  263,  0  344,  0  364, 

PSiS- 
haemastoma,  0  231. 


insignis,  25,  28,  179,  324,  325, 

0  204,  o  263,  p  514,  P  515, 

P516. 
lugubris,  112,  0  344. 
mutabilis,  P  514. 
nigrocostata,  0  344. 
pagodus,  25,  179,  O  344,  P  552. 

(? rar.)  sequilirata,  P  SiS^ 

Panamensis,  O  344. 

pastinaca,  O  344. 

pusio,  O  226. 

ringens,  25,  179,  0  263,  0  283, 

0296,0344,0  363,  P  5 '8- 
sanguinolenta,  25,  28,  112,  155, 
179,   O    177,   O   204,   0   263, 

o  344,  P  517,  P  518. 

Stimpsoniana,  0  344. 
tincta,  363. 
Pisidium 

abditum,  165. 
amplum,  165. 
Kurtzii,  165. 
notatum,  165. 
obliquuni,  0  222. 
obscurum,  165. 
oecidentale,  Ii8,  165. 
plenum,  165. 
regulare,  165. 
resartum,  165. 
retusum,  165. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


93 


Pisidium 

zoiiatum,  165. 
Placipbora,  ride  Flazipbora. 
Placiphorella,  vide  Mopalia. 
Placunanomia  ) 
Placunomia      ' 

alope,    II,    132,  0  192,  0   286, 

O  312,  0  348. 
Broderipii,  O  286. 
cepio,  II,  92,  132,  0  192,  0  286, 

O  312,  0  348. 
claviculata,  0  250,  0  312,  P  166. 
Cumingii,  47,  O  iSo,  O  312. 
echinata,  50,  O  250,  P  166. 
foliacea,  0  363. 
foliata,  50,  O  250,  0  2S2,  0  312, 

P  166,  P  167. 
macroschisma,  11,  26,  50,  72,  76, 
85,  92,  132,  169,  0  203,  O  218, 
O  223,  0  234,  0  286,  0  312, 

O347. 
patelliformis,    0    218,   O    223, 

O  312. 
pectinata,  0  250,  P  166. 
pernoides,  O  161,  0  250,  0  312, 

O  365,  P  164. 
Flanazis 

acutus,  0    237,  0  240,  0   257, 

P  364,  P  541. 
canaliculatus,  O  268. 
latico.*tatus,  0  178. 
uigritella,  24,  100,  109,  O    164, 

O  237,  0  240,  0  257,  0  328, 

P364. 
— — —  var.,  O  237. 
obsoletus,  O  237,  0  240,  O  257, 

P  364,  P  541. 
planicostatus,  10,  24,  109,  178, 

328,   0    174,   0   230,   O    23s, 

O  268,  0  360. 
sulcatus,  0  230. 
Flanorbis 

affinis,  0  364,  F  181. 

albns,  0  222. 

ammon,  40,  79,  120,  1 61,  0  283, 

O316. 


Planorbis 

cariuatus,  P  252.  ""■■ 

couiplanatus,  0  222. 
coutortus,  0  222.    '  •  - 
corneus,  0  222. 
corpulentus,  18,  44,  85,  93,  161, 

O  210,  0  316. 
deflectus,  O  211. 
Duenasianus,  44. 
exacutus,  0  211. 
var.  fallax,  i6i. 
gracileiitus,  40,  O  283,  0  316. 
Haldemanui,  40. 
leutus,  161. 
leucostoma,  0  222. 
Liebmanni,  40. 
macrostoma,  161. 
luegastoma,  161. 
Newberryi,  120. 
opercularis,    85,     161,    0    209, 

O211,  O  316. 
Panamensis,  O  186,  0  316. 
parvus,  116. 
planulatus,  85,  161. 
regularis,  161. 
subcrenatns,    93,     161,    0    198, 

0  316,  V  220. 
tenagophilus,  161,  O  237,  6  251, 

P  181,  P  540. 
Traskei,  40,  120,  161. 
trivolvis,    85,    116,     120,     161, 

V  221. 
tuiuens,  44,  161,  O  237,  0  251, 

0  316,  0  364,  P  181. 
tumidus,  44. 
vermicularis,  161,  O  209,  0  211, 

O316. 
vermiculatus,  0  213. 
vortex,  O  222. 
Wyldi,  44. 
Platyodon 

cancellatus,    11,    26,    87,    123, 

O  194,  0  231,  O  234,  0  300, 

O  349,  O  351,  V  210. 
PlatysemuB 

Wossuessenskii,  92. 


94 


INDEX    UF    SPECIES. 


Plaxiphora  ) 
Placiphora  ) 

leiusa,  O  318. 
Flectodon 

scaber,  97,  1 24. 
Pleuropus 

pellucidus,  O  173, 
Pleurophyllidia 

Califoruica,  94,  133. 

liiieata,  94. 
Pleurotoma 

arcuatu,  O  207,  0  20S. 

aterriuia,    183,    O    1S3,    O    271, 

P393- 

tar.  Melchersi,  O  271. 

atrior,  36,    183,  0  25S,   0  271, 

P  39i,  P  394- 
bicanalifera,  1S3,  0  1S3,  0  271, 
bicolor,  0  183. 
bituberculifera,  0  330. 
Bottae,   O    191,    O    23S,   0    258, 

O  271,  O  294,  P  392. 
cedo-iiuUi,  O  185,  O  330. 
cincta,   0    1S7,    0  258,   0   272, 

P  295. 
clavulus,  O  1S3,  0  330. 
collaris,  183,  0  271. 
concir.na,  183,  0  271,  S  162. 
cornuta,  O  271. 
corrugata    183,  0  183,  0  271. 
discors,  36,  183,  0  258,  O  271, 

P  393.  P  394. 
duplicata,  184,  O  183,  0  271. 
exceutrica,  1S4,  0   1S3,  O  271, 

P  393. 

exigua,  184,  0  271. 

funiculata,  24,  27,  109,  184, 
O  208,  0  226,  0  238,  O  258, 
O  271,  0  282,  0  294,  0  330, 

P  390,  P  391,  P  544. 
gemmata,  O  205,  0  330. 
gemmulosa,  184,  0  271. 
gracillima,  O  284,  0  330,  S  163, 

S  164. 
grandimaculata,  184,  0  271. 
granulosa,  O  1S3. 


Pleurotoma 

hexagoua,  0  I S3. 

inciassata,   184,  O    183,  0    23S, 

O  271,  O  294,  P  392,  P  544. 
iiieriuid,  O  205. 
luctuosa,  P  397. 
maculata,  P  391. 
maculosa,   27,   O    235,   O    23S, 

O  258,  O  330,  P  391. 
inaura,0  191,0  25S,  O294,  P  293. 
militaris,  O  20S. 
Melchersi,  O  23S,  0  294,  P  393, 

P544. 
modesta,  0  1S7. 
nigeriiina,  1S4,  0  1S3,  O  271. 
nitida,  0  183. 
Dobilis,  0  205. 
obeliscus,  1S4,  O  271. 
Ocoyana, 77. 
olivacea,    184,    0    20S,    O    271, 

o  330,  P  390. 

far.,  0  258,  P  390. 

oxytiopis,  O  1S3,  O  330. 
pallida,  184,  0  271. 
picta,  O  207,  O  208,  O  330. 
pudica,  0  330. 
rava,  P  399. 
rigida,  184,  O  271. 
rudis,  184,0  272,  P393. 
rugifera,  0  183. 

rustica,  36,  1S4,  0  272,  P  393. 
Schantarica,  O  217,0  220,  0  223. 
simplex,  0  217,  O  220,  O  223. 
splendidula,  0  183. 
striosa,  184,  O  272. 
stromboides,  0  208. 
thiarella,  O  272. 
transmontana,  77. 
triticea,  59. 

tuberculifera,  6,  O  176,  0  330. 
turricula,  0  271. 
unicolor,  0  183. 
unimaoulata,  0  183,  O  330. 
variculosa,  0  183. 
Pllcatula 

dubia,  var.,  0  250^  P  155. 


INDEX    OP   SPECIES. 


95 


Plicatula 

peiiieillata,  38,  107,  199,  0  250, 
O312,  P  155. 
Polinices 

bifasuiata,  27,  no,  152,  153. 

vur.  fiisca,  9,  iio. 

Gallapagosa,  0  282,  O  284. 

intetnerata,  0  337. 

lactea,  O  364. 

Otis,  24,  27,  no,  0  282. 

ovum,  O  2S4. 

Panamensis,  0  337. 

perspicua,  102,  O  337. 

Recluziana,  27,  153. 

Salangonensis,  27,  193,  0  337. 

uber,  24,   37,    no,    193,  0  261, 
O  282,  O  337,  0  364,  P  452. 

uniniaculata,  0  337. 

virgiiiea,  O  337. 
Pollia 

distorta,  0  26S. 

lireraastoma,  0  177,0  191,  0  236, 
0  263,  O  269,  P  517. 

insignis,  29. 

seabra,  20. 
Polydonta 

deiitata,  0  321. 
Polygyra 

acut«ilentata,  157. 

contortuplicata,  0  294. 

polygyrella,  157. 

veiitrosula,  157. 
Polyplex 

gracilis,  6. 
Polytropa 

11  ux,  P  484. 
Fomatiopsis 

Bimieyi,  163. 
Fomaulaz 

uniiobus,  23,  27,  37,  53,  108,  137, 
151,  192,  O  199,  0  234,0  240, 
0  282,  O  283,  0  320,  P  230, 
V  224. 
Pompholyx 

effusa,  120,  160. 


Poronia 

Petitiana,  30,  P  549. 

rubra,  69,  P  108. 
Potamis      \ 
Potamides  '  . 

Califoruianus,  0  213.  ' 

ebeninus,  48. 

fiisoatus,  U  206. 

Ilegewischii,  O  233,  O  295,  P  345. 

Moiitagnei,  O  238,  P  542. 

puUatus,  79,  84,  0  283,  0  284. 

sacratus,  0  209,  U  206,  V  226. 
Potamomya 

sequalis,  204,  O  280,  O  300. 

inflata,  204,  O  2S0,  O  300. 

trigonalis,  204,  0  280,  O  300. 
Priene 

cancellata,  20,  170. 

nodosa,  24,  27,  152,  166. 

Oregonenais,  20,  25,  69,  92,  99, 
147,  169    170,  322. 
Pristes 

obloiigus,  97,   127. 
Propilidium 

aiicyloir.'e,  19. 
Psammobia 

Califoruioa,  119. 

casta,  23,  38,  202. 

decora,  124,0  195,  0  207,  O231, 
V  212. 

fusca,  0  221. 

Kindermanni,  0  301. 

maxima,  49. 

olivacea,  74. 

Pacifica,  12,  38,  78,  126,  0  195, 
O301,  O351,  V  212. 

regularis,  104,  210. 

rubroradiata,  26,  49,  88,    124.    ^ 
Psephis 

Lordi,  88,  97,   127. 

salmonea,  25,  97,  127. 

tantilla,  22,  25,  n8,  126,  165. 

tellimyalis,  127,  303. 
Paeudobuccinum 

biliratum,  0  342. 


9« 


INDEX   OF    SPECIE3. 


Pseudobuccinum 

liocliilus,  O  342. 

PaiianieiisH,  O  342. 

pulchruiii,  O  342. 
Pseudoliva 

Kelletlii,  40,   O    272,   0  340,   O 
350. 
Fteroceras 

lambis,  log. 
Fteronotus 

ceiitrifiigus,  102,  0  345. 

festivu3,  23,  149,  O  345. 
Pullastra 

gigantt»a,  0   196. 
Puncturella 

Cooperi,  98,  137. 

cucullata,  80,   98,    137,   0   209, 
O  320,  O  348. 

galeata,  137,  O  320,  O  348. 

noachina,  72. 
Pupa 

Californica,  118,  158. 

chonlata,  15S. 

ovata,  117. 

Rowelli,  117,  158. 
Pupilla 

Californica,  158. 

Rowelli,  158. 
Purpura 

alveolata,  0  1S7,  0  293,  O  340. 

analoga,  20,  28,  14S,  O  240. 

augulifera,  10,  0  191,  O  269. 

aperta,  13,  325,  0  201,  V  227. 

atromarginata,  0  236,  P  537. 

attenuata,  20,  148,  0  220. 

bezoar,  0  294. 

bioostalis,  O  174,  0   190,  O   191, 
O  236,  0  238,  0  262,  0  292, 

P  477,  P  47S,  P  537,  P  543. 
biserialis,  14,  24,  28,  iii,  151, 
152,  180,  O  171,  O  187,  0  190, 
O  191,  O  202,  0  204,  0  231, 
O  234,  O  23s,  0  236,  0  23S, 
O  262,  0  269,  0  283,  O  340, 
O  352,  0  364,  0  366,  P  477, 
P  482. 


Purpura 


biserialis  vnr.,  O  283, 

bizuiialid,  O  217. 

brevideus,  V  229. 

bufouides,  14. 

caliosa,  10,  48,  O  269,  0  294. 

caualieulata,  10,  20,  28,  92,  148, 

0  171. 
cancel  lata,  0  236. 
Carolensis,  iSo,  O    187,  0  240, 

O   241,  0  262,  0  269,  0  340, 

0  361,  P  480. 
cassidiforniis,  P  476. 
centiquadra,   10,  O  171,  0  191, 

O  262,  P  480. 
chocolata,  O  191,  O  294. 
columellaris,  6,  O  174,  0  178, 

O   187,  O  191,  O  228,  O  231, 

0   235,  0  240,  O  262,  O  294, 

O  340,  0  361,  P  355,  P  475, 

O481. 
Conradi,  S3,  O  1S4,  0  192,  0  201, 

O  203,  0  231,  V  228. 
consul,    0    23S,   0   262,  P  477, 

P  478,  P  542. 
cornigeia,    10,   O    177,    0    191, 

O  201,  0  269,  V  229. 
coronata,  0  297. 
costata,  0  191,  P  482. 
costularis,  0  191. 
ciassilabrum,  O  171,0  235. 
crispata,  7,  13,  23,  26,  74,  92, 

148,  0  192. 
decemcostata,  4,   lo,  20,  28,  83, 

92,  149,  0  217,  O  223,  O  240, 

0  340. 
deltoidea,  0  364,  P  478. 
diadema,  0  262,  P  482. 
dumosa,  0  201. 
emarginata,     13,    27,   83,    148, 

O  201,  0  203,  O  212,  0  213, 

O  231,  O  234,  0  235,  O  283, 

0340,0351,0  352,  V  228. 
engonata,  0  293,  V  228,  V  229. 
fasciata,  0  iS^. 
ferruginea,  83. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


97 


Purpura 

Floriilana,  O  190,  0  262,  0  364, 

P477. 
foliata,  4,  5. 

foveoUita,  35,  180,  O  269. 
Freyciuetii,    14,  20,  28,  72,  83, 

O  203,  O  204,  O  217,  0  220, 

0  223,  O  240,  O  340. 
fuscata,  13,  28,  114,  148. 
fusiforuiis,  O  191. 
Graji,  O  188,  O  204,  0  294. 
lisemastonia,    O    190,    0  202,  O 

231,    0    236,   O    262,  O   366, 

P  477,  P  47S,  P  537. 
hsematura,  O  204,  O  262,  P  477. 
harpa,  13,  O  201,  O  340,  0  349, 

V228. 
imbrieata,  102,  O  217. 
kiosquiformis,  iSo,  O  191,  O  231, 

0  234,  O  235,  0  269,  0  352, 

P481. 

var.,  0  260. 

lactuca,  4,  S3,  148. 

lagena,  18,  0  212,  O  340,  0  348. 

lamellosa,  5,  0  340. 

lapillus,    13,    18,    23,    83,     148, 

0  203,  0  204,  O  217,  O  220, 

0  223,  0  231,  O  340. 
lapilloides,  O  293. 
macrostoma,  0   201,  0  340,  O 

349,  V  227. 
maculata,  O  269. 
madreporarum,  63. 
melo,  24,  I  So,  0  269,  O  340. 
melones,  10, 0  231, 0  269,  0  282, 

O340. 
muricata,  28,  108,  iii,  0  235, 

0  262,  O  340,  O  352,  P  476. 
nux,  P  484. 
nympha,  O  191. 
ocellata,  10,  0  269. 
ochrostoma,  63. 
osculans,  35,  180,  0  269. 
ostrina,  13,   14,    18,    26,  27,  83, 

148,   151,  152,  O  210,  O  340, 

O348. 

7 


Purpura 

pallidas,  191. 

pansa,  O  228,  0  262,  O  340,  O 
362,  O  zb^^,  0  365,  P  474,  P 
475,  U  208. 

patula,  6,  8,  24,  28,  48,  63,  iii, 
152,166,0  171,  O  228,  O  234, 
O  238,  0  262,  O  283,  O  292, 
O  340,  O  352,  O  361,  O  363, 
O  365,  P  474,  P  475,  P  476, 
P  479,  P  542,  U  208. 

planospira,  6,  8,  28,  103,  104, 
108,  III,  O  187,  0  240,  0  340, 
O361. 

plauospirata,  48. 

plicata,  148. 

purpuroides,  180. 

rnpestris,  14. 

sauguinolenta,   O    191,   0    231, 

P517. 

saxicola,    13,    18,    23,   83,    14S, 

0  204,  0  220,  O  231,  O  340. 

var.,  83. 

scalariformis,  O    190,  O  262,  O 

269,  P  481. 
semi-imbricata,  7,  0  171. 
septentrionalis,   74,   83,  148,   O 

211,   0    212,   0   217,    0  231, 

O340. 
speclosa,  O  171,  0   191,  0  262, 

O  340,  P  480. 
sphseridia,  10. 
spicata,  O  293,  V  228, 
spirata,  0  191,  0  201,  V  228.    j 
succincta,  10. 
tecta,  180,  O  269. 
triangularis,  24,    28,    iii,   iSo, 

O  187,  O  191,  0  262,  0  269, 

O  340,  O  361,  P  480. 
triserialis,    24,    iii,   0    171,  O 

191,  O  262,  0  283,  0  294,  O 

340,  P  479,  P  480. 
truncata,  O  191,  O  262,  P  476. 
undata,   180,  0   171,  O   187,  O 

190,  O    202,  0    262,  O   269, 

0  340,  0  364,  F  477,  P  478. 


98 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Pustularia 

pii.-.tulata,  r  J7S» 
Pyramidella 

bicolor,  O  296. 
conica,  193,  O  274,  P  409. 
PyrazuB 

iiiL-isus,  108,  112,  152. 

var.,  152. 

Pyrgula 

quadricostata,    0    284,   O    326, 

S  162. 
Fyrgulina 

flatluatula,  33,  P  424. 
convexa,  3S,  P  424. 
Pliotis,  33,  P  425. 
Pyrula 

anomala,  0  238,  0  263,  P  503, 

P  544- 
Belolieri,  0  205. 
Lezoar,  O  191. 
cariiaria,  0  171. 
lac  lea,  O  263,  P  503. 
lignaria,  0  234,  0  263,  P  502. 
nielongeua,  0  294,  O  364,  P  501. 

var.,  O  263,  P  501. 

patula,    25,    28,     153,    O     171, 

0  176,  0  234,  0  238,  O  263, 

0  271,  O  294,  0  343.0  364, 

P  500,  P  544. 
rapa,  7. 

reticulata,  0  171. 
spirata,  7,  0  171. 
Bubrostrata,   0   176,    0   238,    0 

293.  P  544. 
turbinelloides,  0  263. 
ventricosa,  0  174,  O  236,  O  294, 

P453. 
vespertilio,  0  1 71. 

Pythina 

rugifera,  88,  129. 

sublsevis,  0  248,  0  308,  P  112. 

Radius  -^    ■ 

sequalis,  0  328. 
avena,  24,  154,  0  328. 
Californicua,  O  328. 


Radius 

euiargiuaturr,  O  328. 

inllexus,  O  328. 

siuiilid,  24. 
Raeta 

uaualiculata,  100,  126,  167,  204. 

uiidulata,  21,  100,  126,  167, 
Ranella 

albofasc-iata,  0  163,0  185  O338. 

auceps,  O  23S,   O    294,   0  338, 

P544. 
argus,  0  294. 
bufuuia,  0  294. 
caelata,  24,  no,  182,  0  231,  0 

270,  O  294,  0  338. 
Californica,    15,    27,    no,    147, 

170,0205,0338,  O351. 
convoluta,  O  231,  O  338. 
crumeiia,  0  171. 
crumenoides,  0171. 
granifera,  O  172. 
muriciformis,    O     182,    O    201, 

0  238,  O  283,  O  338,  0  351, 

P  544. 
nana,  O    163,  0    176,  0    185,  O 
208,  O   238,  0  271,  O  33S,  P 

544- 
nitida,  24,  182,   O   231,   O   271, 

O338. 
pectinata,  0  338. 
plicata,  O  271,  O  338. 
pyramidalis,  24,  O  182,  0  238, 

O294. 
scabra,  O  294. 
semigranosa,  0  270,  0  294. 
triqueta,   13,  24,    34,  102,    153, 

O  201,  O  285,0  338,  0  351, 

V  227. 
tuberculata,  0  338. 
■  var.,  0  297. 
ventricosa,  15,  147,  170,  0   235. 
vexillum,  0  294,  O  297. 
Rangia 

trigona,  O  232,  0  246,  P  52. 
Bapana 

uux,  0  262. 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


99 


Recluzia 

Kollamliana,  62,  0  297,  0  316. 
Rhinoclavis 

g.'mmuta,  7,  24,  108,  152,  185. 
Rhizochilus 

aspor,  0  287,  0  297,  O  340, 

Californioiis,   35,    in,    180,    0 
2,  0  287,  P  484. 

disci    ■,  34,  35,  180,  P484. 

foveol,  .    i,  O  340. 

gibbosus,  P  4S5. 

madreporarum,  155. 

niveas,  P  484. 

nux,  25,  34,  35,  III,  180,0262, 
O  269,  O  340,  P  484. 
Rhodea 

Californica,  158. 
Rhynchonella 

lucida,  72. 

psittacea,  71,  93,  122,  168. 
Ricinula 

alveolata,  0  187,  0  293. 

aracbnoidea,  O  176. 

carbonaria,  181,  0  231,  0  270. 

contracta,  O  187. 

elfgans,  0  176. 

heptagonalis,  0  187. 

jugoaa,  181,  O  270. 

Reeviaiia,  181,  0  270. 

zonata,  0  187. 
Rimula 

cuoullata,  0  209,  0  213. 

galeata,  0  209. 

Mazatlanica,  108,  0  252,  0  320, 
P  222. 
RisBoa 

acutelirata,  99,  142. 

albolirata,  104,  216. 

arctica,  0  220. 

bryerea,  P  357. 

clandestina,    189,    O     273,     P 

257. 
compacta,  89,  142. 
firmata,  361,  89,  0  273,  p  357. 
fortis,  0  273,  P356. 


Riaaoa 

glabra,  O  220. 

iiicouspicua,  32,  33,36,  189,  190, 

O  273. 
infrcquens,  189,  0  273,  0  327. 
Janus,  189,  0  273,  O  327. 
lirata,  P  358. 
notabilis,    ^3,    36,    189,    190,    0 

273,  0  327. 
proxiiua,  P  437. 
saxatilis,  O  220. 
scalariformis,  36,  189,  0  273,  0 

327- 

striata,  0  238,  P  356,  P  542. 
Rlssoina 

ambigua,  230. 

Catesbyana,  0  364. 

Claiidestina,  109,  0  327. 

expansa,  24,  293. 

infiequens,  109,  293. 

interfossa,  99,  142. 

firmata,  24,  32,  109,  189,  0  327. 

fortig,  24,  109,  0  327. 

Janus,  24. 

pyramidata,  P  356. 

scalariformis,  32. 

striata,  24,   109,  0  257,  0  327, 
P356. 

Woodwardii,    24,    1S9,    0    257, 
O  327,  O  364,  P  356,  P  357. 
Rocellaria 

ovata,  121. 
Rostellaria 

induiata,  0  367. 
Rotella 

lineata,  0  222. 
Rupellaria 

Cordleri,   127. 

exarata,  0  244,  0  299,  P  20. 

foliacea,  154,  O  299. 

lamelliffra,  22,  25,  26,     127,  O 
299,  0  349,  V  214. 

lingua-felis,  106,  0  244,  0  299, 
P  20. 

paupercula,  0  299. 


100 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


Sanguinolaria 

t'alifuriiica,  O  221. 
Califoi'uiaua,    12,  62,    86,    125, 

O  joi,  V  212. 
decora,  70,  O  226. 
fusca,  62,  0  221. 
grandis,  0  228,  0  349. 
luiiiiata,  23,  27,  29,  35,  49,  154, 

O  231,  0  245,  O  301,  P  548, 

U  199. 
Nuttallii,  26,  70,  124,  151,  169, 

O  195,  O  207,  O  226,  0  234, 

0301,0351,0352. 
ovalis,  49. 
Paciflca,  V  212. 
purpurea,    49,    0    226,  O    231, 

O  245,  O    301,  O  352,  P    31. 

P  548,  U  199. 
rnbroradiata,  12,  O  301,  V  212. 
tellinoides,   49,   O    286,    O  301 

P31. 
Sazicava 

abrupta,  76. 

arctita,  118,  123,  O  244,0  296, 

O   299,    O  365,  O  366,  P  16, 

P  24. 
Californica,  I20,  0  196,  V  214. 
carditoides,  120,  O  196,  0  232, 

0  234,  V  214. 
clava,  15,  O  203. 
Cordieri,  O  232,  P  16. 
distorta,  70,  O  221. 
fragilis,  256. 
Gallicana,  0  221. 
Groeulandica,  0  221. 
lamellifi'ra,  0  234. 
legumen,    14,    15,    123,   0  202, 

0  203. 
pboladis,  14,  15,  22,  26,  70,  88, 

91,    105,    123,  124,  151,    166, 

168,   O    202,   0   219,   O  221, 

O  223,  O  232,  0  279,  0  299, 

0351- 

rugosa,   70,    91,  0   221,   P    15, 

P  16. 
solida,  P  16.     "  '     " 


Saxicava 

teiiuia,  38,  203,  0  279,  0  299. 
Sazidoinus 

aratus,  12,  73,  86,  127. 
brevisipbonatus,  93,  127,  251. 
giganteub,  12,  O  196,  O  299,  V 

215. 
Nuttallii,    12,   74,   76,   86,    127, 

O  192,  O  196,  O  203,  O  210, 

O  232,  O  234,  O  299,  0  349, 

0351,  V  215. 
Petitii,  12,   17,  0  196,  O  299,  O 

349- 
squalidus,  12,  14,  20,  22,  86,  91, 

127,  O  192. 
Scalaria 

auiculina,  O  207,  0  336. 
australis,    18,     114,    O    210,    O 

336. 
bellastriata,  99,  146. 
borealis,  0  212. 
crasHilabris,  O  238,  P  542. 
crebicostata,  99,  146. 
Cumingii,  99,   146,    0    284,    0 

336,  S  165. 
diadema,  33,  0  181,  P  448. 
Dianae,  O  206,  0  336. 
Elenensis,  ^2' 
fuuiculata,  33,0  260. 
gracilis,  146. 
GrcBnlandica,  71,  O  216,  0  223, 

O336. 
hexagona,    192,  0   260,  0  274, 

0  2S5,  O  336,  P  446. 
Hindsii,  24,  0  284,  O  336,  S  165. 
Indianorum,  114,  146,  169,244. 

var.  99. 

indistincta,  O  285, 0  2S8,  0  336. 
Mindorensis,  S  164. 
mitrseformis,   0    i86,  0   336,  P 

446,  Q  235,  S  165. 
obesa,  S  164. 

obtnsa,  192,  0  274,  0  336. 
Ochotensis,   20,    O  216,  0  220, 

O223. 
planicosta,  O  216.         -  -- 


INDtX    OF    SPECIES. 


1(  I 


Scalaria 

raricostata,  J3,    O    260,   O   336, 

F447. 
rt'gularis,    244,  O   284,   0   336, 

S  164. 
reflexa,  O  288,  O  336,  Q  235. 
statuuiinata,  O  230,  O  336. 
sulicoronata,  99,  146. 
sul)no<lo3a,    0    284,    0    336,    S 

165. 
subulatH,  O  216. 
suprastriata,  0    260,  O   336,   P 

446,  P  447- 
tiara,  iio,  0  2S4,  O  336,  S  164. 
trar.  tincta,  146,  151,  244. 
Turtonis,  244. 
venosa,  O  230. 
vulpina,  0  206,  O  336. 
Scapharca 

bifrous,  24,  154. 
eiiiarginata,  24. 
labiata,  24. 
nux,  24. 
Schizopyga 

Californiana,  79. 
Schizothaerus 

Nuttallii,  22,  25,  26,  69,  72,  76, 

86,  123,  126,  169. 
maximus,  123. 
Scintilla 

Cumingii,  0  186. 
Scissurella 

rinuiloides,  34,  258. 
Scrobicularia 
alta,  26. 

angulata,  Q  230. 
biangularis,  0  303. 
biangulata,   12,    O   195,  Q,  230, 

V213. 
Dorabeyi,  var.  272. 
prodacta,  40,  272,  0  284,  O  287, 

O  303,  Q  230,  S  160. 
viridotincta,  0  284, 0  303,  S  160. 
Scutalus 

proteus,  158.  .  - .    _ 

Xantasi,  158.   -^  -«--^ii-=-~ 


Scutellina 

uavicdloides,  3«.i7,  »97,0  252, 
(»3iy,  P211. 
Scurria 

{fviir.)  fiinicalata,  98,  136. 
niitra,  23,  26,  79,  84,  136,  170, 
0  173,  O  174,  O   >90,  O  199, 
0  202,  O  20.),  O  234,  0  297, 
O  319,  O  348,  P  292,  V  222. 
pallida,  79,  O  284. 
scurra,  170,  V  222. 
Segmentina 

Doabilli,  44- 
Sella 

assimilata,  5;^,  P  445* 
Semele 

bicolor,  29,  105,  O  303. 
Califoniica,  O  287, 

var.  105,  151,  0  303. 

cornigata,  126. 

decisa,  22,  26,  126,  O  231,  0  303, 

0  35«.  V213. 
elliptica,  O  303,  P  28. 
flaveacens,  29,  39,  48,  105,  203, 
0  245,  O  303,  o  351.  P  28,  P 
548,  U  199- 
flavicans,  48,  O  231,  0  279. 
incongrua,  97,  126. 
obliqua,  O  284,  0  303, 
planata,  O  284,  O  303,  S  160. 
proxima,   39,    154.    203,  O  226, 
0  231,  0  245,  O  279,  0  303, 
P  548,  U  199. 
pulchra,  23,  39,  78,  97,  126,  154, 

203,  O  303. 
punctata,  0  304,  S  160. 
rubrolineata,    22,    113,    126,    O 
163,  O  232,  0  303,  0  351,  V 
212. 
rnbrotincta,  O  284,  O  352. 
rupium,   97,    126,    170,   0  304, 

O  359- 
simplex,  O   163,  O  195,  O  232, 

V  212. 
striosa,  203,  0  303.     ,;,  - 
tortuosa,  0  303.        .  _g,3,'^g   _   _ 


102 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Semele 

Teutricosa,  203,  0  303. 

venusta,  23,  29,  154,  203,  0  245, 
0  303,  P  28. 
Senectus 

funi(!ulatos,  4. 

sqiiamigeius,  24,  154. 
Septifer 

bifiircatus,  26,  129,  151. 

Cnmiiigianus,  106,  0  309. 
Serpula 

iucurvata,  X  436. 

recta,  X  425,  X  436, 

rf'enlaris,  42. 
Serpulorbis 

Pananieii-Jis,  42. 

pquaiuigerus,  23,  27,  loo,  140. 
Serripes 

Gioenlandicus,  70,  88,  128,  168. 

Laperousii,  128. 
Serrula 

CarpHDteri,  0  287, 
Sigaretus 

coriai'eus,  0  176,  0  216. 

debili.s,  27,  0  228,  O  233,  0  337, 
O  352,  U  207. 

fenestratus,  O  259,  P  408. 

inflatus,  O  275. 

niillegranus,  O  170,  P  408. 

scopiilosus,  O  367. 

tessellatus,  0  294,  P  407. 
Siliqua 

lucida,  120,  O  195,  V  211. 

Nuttallii,  120,  124,  0  195,  V  211. 
Siliquaria 

gibba,  39. 
Simnia 

patula,  P  375. 
Sipho 

terebalis,  73. 
Siphonalia 

anoniala,  152. 

fu«cotincta,  23,  149,  288. 

Kelli»ttii,  74,  149,  169,  289. 

modificata,  152. 

pallida,  28,  49,  112. 


Siphonaria 

seqnilirata,  107,  112,  151,  152, 
162,0251,  O290,  0316,?  184. 

jequilorata,  0  290,  P  550. 

aniara,  48,  162,  0  290. 

characteristica,  197,  O  185,  O 
276,  O  2S2,  O  290. 

costata,  O  1S5,  0  276,  O  316. 

denticulata,  O  239,  P  546. 

ferruginea,  31. 

gigantea,  O  229. 

gigas,  24,  152,  197,  O  174,  0 
276,  0  2S2,  O  290,  0  316,  0 
359,  T  168,  U  205. 

lar.  O  276. 

lateralis,  133,  170,  238. 

lecauium,  24,  31,  107,  162,  256, 
O  208,  O  225,  0  235,  0  251, 
O  290,  O  316,  P  182,  P  184, 

P  535,  P  536. 

var.  0  239. 

var.  palmata,  0  251,  P 

183. 
Ieviu3cula,  152. 
manra,  24,   31,    162,   O  185,  0 

276,  0  316. 
palmata,  24,  31,  107,  162. 
pentegoniostoma,  P  212. 
pica,  37,    197,  0  276,  O  285,  0 

316. 
scutellnm,  0  203,  0  316,  0  359. 
tbersites,  47,  113,  133,  162,  170, 

237. 

Tris;tensis,  47,  113. 
Siphonium 

ror.  centiqnadra,  42. 

effusum,  42. 

lituella,  42. 

mariiaritarntn,  42. 

megamastuin,  42. 

r-ar.  spinosnm,  44. 

snbcrenatum,  44. 
Sistrum 

carbonari  am,  25,  in. 

(?ochroRtoma,  var.)  rufono- 
tatnm,  105,  220. 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


103 


Skenea 

iota,  X  415,  X  426. 

Verranxii,  62. 
Smaragdinella 

thecaphora,  0250,0313,  P  533 
Solariella 

aspecta,  98. 

peraiiiabilis,  98,  139. 
Solarium 

aetliiops,  0  294. 

bicaualicnlatum,  7,  0  170. 

cyclostoma,  O  294. 

granosum,  0  170,  P  408. 

granulatuin,   15,  24,  27,  36,  58.    Solen 

no.  153.  191,  O  170,  0  236,  I  altns,  0  175,  0  222 


Solecurtus 

radiatus,   120,  0  195,  0  211,  V 

211. 
spleiidens,  V  211. 
subteres,  22,  124,  0  195,  0  231, 

O  234,  O  301,  0  349,  0  351. 
violascens,    151,  0   282,  0  30I, 

P  27. 
Solemya 

pu.<illa,  73. 
valvulus,  104,  210. 
velum,  73. 
ventricosa,  164,  0  367. 


O  237,  O  274,  0  333,  P  536, 

P541. 
granulatum,  i-ar.  58. 
granulosuni,  15. 
placentale,  58,  0  206,  0  333. 
placentula,  58. 
quadriceps,  15,  27,  58,  no,  153, 

191,  O  206,  0  234,  0  23s,  0 

274,  0  333. 
vaiiegatum,  63,  0  294,  P  407. 
veirucosum,  58. 
Solecardia 

eburnea,  0  265,  V  209. 
Solecurtus 

affiiiis,  39,  205,   0    245,  0  280, 

O  301,  P  27. 
ambigiuis,  48. 
Californiaiiua,  12,  22,  26,    124, 

170,  O  195,  O  231,  0  284,  0 

301,0351,  V  212. 
Californictis,  O  349. 
Californiensis,  78. 
Caribb;riis,  39,  205. 
Carpenteri,  29. 
Dombevi,  12,  48,  124,  170. 
lueidus,   12,  120,0  195,0  211, 

V  211. 
maxinius,  120,  124,  V  211. 
Nnttallii,   12,  87,  120,  0  195,  0 

222,  V  211. 
politus,  29,  O  245,  0  301,  P  27. 


acutidens,  O  175. 

ambiguus,  6,  7,  8,  20. 

Ainericanns,  0  222. 

Californianus,  0  61. 

conieus,  73. 

Dombei,  61. 

eusis,  0  222. 

gracilis,  73. 

maximus,  9,  87,  0  211,  0  212, 
O  213,  0  222,  0  231. 

medius,  7,  20,  O  222. 

minutus,  O  221. 

Kuttalli,  O  231. 

patulus,  5,  9. 

rudis,  6,  39,  205,  0  280,  0  301. 

sicarius,  26,   74,   87,    124,   169, 
O  209,  0  212,  0  213,  0  301. 

(? var.)  rosaceus,  22,  124, 

279. 

splendens,  120,  0  195,  0  222. 

Ptrictus,  73. 

subferes,  61. 

tenuis,  0  175,  0  222. 
Solena 

anibigua,  39. 

media,  39. 

obliqua,  39,  205. 
Soletellina 

obscurata,  70. 
Sphaenia 

bilirata,  iiS. 


27 


104 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Sphasnia 

Biiighami,  P  i6,  P  24. 

Califoruica,  78,  87,  0  194,  0 
211,  O  284,  0  301,  O  349,  0 
351,  V  210. 

fragilis,  29,  39,  105,  0  244,  0 
300,  P  24,  P  530. 

luticola,  29. 

ovali3,  168. 

ovoidea,  88,  123. 
Spbaerella 

tiiiuida,  30,  129. 
Sphasrium 

deiitatum,  164. 

lenticula,  165. 

meridionale,  165. 

nobile,  165. 

otcidentale,  1 16,  165. 

ovale,  165. 

patella,  165. 

Spokani,  91,  165. 

striatimim,  1 16,  164. 

subtransversum,  165. 

tumidutu,  91,  165. 
Spiralis 

("obauensis,  44. 

Lattrei,  44. 

Shuttleworthii,  44. 
Spiroglyphus 

alliidu:?,  43. 

lituella,  27,  io8,  140, 
Spisula 

fraeilis,  P  51. 
Spondylus 

calcifer,  24,  107,  igo,  256,  258, 
O  241,  O  250,  0  277,  0  312, 
P  547,  P  54S,  P  sso. 

crassisquama,  O  233. 

dubius,  O  182,  0  312,  P  153. 

dncalis,  P  153. 

Estrellanus,  81. 

Ljmarckii,  199,  0  250,  O   277, 

P  153,  P  547- 
limbatns,  43,  O  290,  O  312. 
pictoruni,  O  233,  0  234,  0  265. 
var.  P  153. 


Spondylus 

priijceps,  0  312. 

rar,  0  182. 

radula,  0  290,  O  312. 

varians,  O  233. 

Victoriae,  41. 
Standella 

Californica,  22,99,  I'J)  '26,  151. 

falcata,  126. 

fragilis,  27,  106. 

nasuta,  12,  99,  126. 

planulata,  99,  126. 

velata,  204. 
Stenotrema 

geniiana,  157. 
Stephopoma 

VU-.  bispinosa.  42. 

peimatum,  42. 
Stoa 

ainnionitifortnis,  42. 

subcrenata,  44. 
Stomatella 

inflata,  37,  194,  0  275,  0  320. 
Stramonita 

petro.sa,  76. 
StrategUB 

inennis,  94,  95. 
Strebloceras 

aiiellum,  43. 

cornuoides.  X  441,  X  443. 

snlntnm,  X  441,  X  443. 
Strephona 

incrassata,  P  464. 

Pe<lroana,  76. 
Strigatella 

etfiisa,  O  339. 

tristis,  24,  no,  151,  177,  0  261, 
<^  339.  P  461. 
Strigilla 

carnaria,  23,  27,  102,  151,  154, 
O  195,  O  224,  0  227,  O  228, 
0  245,  O  303,  0  350,  O  353, 

O  3^3,  P  39.  P  4^,  U  200. 
dichotoraa,  0  224,  0  303. 
disjiincta,  40,  0  284,  0   303,  S 

160, 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


105 


Strigilla 

effusa,  0  361. 

ervilia,  0  224,  0  303. 

fucata,  29,  38,  0  227,  O  228,  0 

245.  0  279.  0  363,  U  200. 
lenticula,  105,  0  224,  O  245,  O 

303,  P4I- 
niiniata,  O  245,  P  40,  U  200. 
pisiformis,  23,  0  224,  O  303,  O 

363- 
sincera,     23,    40,    105,    203,    O 

303,  S  160. 
tristis,  0  361. 
Strombina 

augularis,  O  344. 

bicanalifera,   25,  180,  0  344,  O 

361. 
dorsafa,  180,  0  344. 
elegans,  O  344. 
fusiforinls,  O  344. 
gibberula,  25,    H2,    151,  180,  O 

344- 
lanceolata,  0  344,  0  361. 
maculosa,  112,0  263,  0  344,  P, 

513- 

recurva,  25. 

turrita,  181,  0  344. 
Strombus 

bitubercnlatna,  10, 

cancellatus,  7. 

crenatus,  187,  0  258,  P  3S0, 

galea,  43,  O  179,  0  241,  0  258, 
0  270,  0  282,  P  302,  P  3S1. 

galeatus,  24,  109,  O  187,  0  238, 
0  270,  O  329,  P  544. 

gigas,  0  364,  P  382. 

gracilior,  24,  27,  109,  153,  0  174, 
O  179,  O  187,  0  233,  0  23s, 
0  238,  O  270,  O  282,  O  329, 
O  352,  O  364,  P  383,  P  544. 

granulatus,  7,  24,  27,  109,  O  2, 
O  174,  O  179,  O  187,  0  230, 
O  235,  O  238,  O  258,  0  270, 
O  282,  O  329,  O  360,  P  382, 
P544. 

lentiginosus,  0  238,  P  544. 


Strombus 

marmoiatns,  P  335. 

muritatus,  P  335. 

Peruvianus,  10,  O    270,  O   329, 
O  364,  P  382. 

pugilis,  0  364. 

vittatus,  0  367. 
Stylifer 

astericola,  0  281,  0  335,  0  360. 
Styliferina 

turrita.  99,  143. 
Styloptygma 

clauailiformis,  ^;i,  P  126. 
Subula 

luctuosa,  109,  O  258,  O  329,  P 

387. 
strigata,  109,  O  329. 
varicosa,  177,  0  329. 
Succit  "Ja 

aperta,  if  ' 

aurea,  159. 

brevis,  0  296. 

cingulata,  159,  0  240,  0  315. 

Hawkinsii,  90,  159. 

lineata,  120. 

Nuttalliana,  85,  159, 

Oregonensis,  159,0  198,0  315, 

V  220. 
ovalis,  159. 
putris,  44,  93,  0  222. 
rotuiidata,  162. 
rusticaua,  93,   116,  159,  0  209, 

0315. 
Surcula 

funiculata,  P  390. 
Sycotypus 

(^coyanus,  77. 
Syphopatella 

aspersa,  0  275. 

conica,  P  265. 

licben.  P  266. 

mamillaris,  P  266. 

regularis,  195. 

sordida,  0  184. 
Syrnola 

lamellata,  33,  no,  P  411. 


106 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


Tapes 


A(iamsi),  74,  304, 

decus:ata,  74,  127. 

Deshayesii,  58. 

discors,  23,  78,  O  306,  P  77. 

di versa,  12,  56,  72,  76,  86,  127, 

304,  O  203,  O  284,  0  289,  0 

306. 
floritla,  U  200. 
fluctuosa,  39. 
fiiscolineata,  23,  211. 
geographioa,  U  200. 
gracilis,   75,  78,  O    227,  O  ,^84, 

0  306,  O  352,  U  200. 
granulata,  55,  0    364,   P    76,  P 

78. 
grata,  23,  27,38,  55,  58,  78,  151, 

201,  O  247,  O  278,  0  282,  0 

306,  O  352,  P  77. 

var.  56,  151. 

liistrionica,  27,  38,  201,  O  203, 

O  247,  O  278,  O  306,  0  352, 

0  364,  P  76,  P  77,  V  215. 
Inezeusis,  81, 
laciniata,  26,  57,   127,  304. 
linteata,  80. 
maxima,  0  232. 
montana.  Si. 
mundnlus,  127. 
var.  orbella,  127. 
Petitii,  127. 

var.  70,  74,  76,  91. 

pectnnculoiiles,  0  306. 

regularis,  1 19. 

ligida,  127. 

var.   ruilerata,  127. 

squamosa,    106,  0    247,  0  306, 

P  78. 
Ptaniinea,    )  12,   17,  22,    26,   56, 
stramiuea,  J  76,  78,86,  91,  127, 

151.  152, 304,  0 

.    306,    0    349,    0 
331,0352,  P  76, 
V21S. 
tenerrima,  17,22,  100,  127,304, 
0  227,  0  229,  O  306,  U  200. 


Tapes 

tumida,    127,  0    196,  0   306,  V 
214. 
Tectarius 

eoiouatU3,  0  170. 
Tectura 

persona,  16.  ■' 

textilis,  16, 
Tecturella 

grandis,  31,  47,  136,  310. 
Tedinia 

peruoide's,  0  250,  0  2S6,  P  165. 
Tegula 

elegans,  10. 

flaiumea,  61. 

pellis-serpentis,    24,  61,  0  1 70, 

O  2S2,  0  2S8,  0  321. 
strigilata,  O  282. 
Teinostoma 

amplectans,    0    254,    O    322,  P 

253,  ^  254. 
minutum,  0  273,  0  322. 
substriatum,  0  254,   O  322,  P 
254. 
Tellidora 

Bunieti,    14,   29,  226,  0  234,  0 
245.  0  297,  0  303,  0  364,   P 
548. 
crystajlina,  202. 
lumilata,  14. 
Tellina 

albaria,  0  367. 

alta,  12,   125,  0  19s,  0  302,  0 

349,  V  213 
alteriiata,  29,  0  245,  P  35. 
alteriiidentata,  9,  O  175,  O  221, 

O347. 
amplectans,  155. 
angulosa,  O  245,  P  35. 
arctata,  165,  0  367. 
atra,  0  219. 
aurora,    202,  0    186,  0    279,   0 

baltln  a,  20,  0  221. 
bimaculata,  O  363.     . 
I  bitruncata,  0  367. 


IXDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


lot 


Tellina 

BoJegensis,  69,  86,  125,  169,  O  ; 
207,  0  211,  O  219,  O  224,  0  I 
234,  0  302,  O  349.  I 

brevirostrid,  O  245,  O  2S7,  0  I 
302,  P  38.  ' 

BroJeiipii,  O  245,  0  302,  P  32. 

Burueti,    O    175,  t)    203,   P  39, 

P83- 

calcarea,  O  221,  0  232. 
Califoiuica,  18,  O  211,  O  302. 
carnaria,    O    221,   O  222,  P  39, 

P  40,  U  200. 
cicercula,  0  224,  0  236,  P  534, 

PS39. 
cogiiata,  3S,  202,  0  279,  0  303, 

O364. 
Columbiensis,  202,  0  279, 0  303. 
conciuua,  O  279. 
congest  I,  75. 

crystalliua,  202,  0  279,  0  303. 
Cumiugii,   27,  105,   202,  0   186, 

O  234,  O  245,  O  279,  0  302,  P 

36. 
Dariena,  77. 
decnmbeus,  271. 
delicatula,  O  245,  0  287,  0  302, 

P37- 

denticulata,  O  245,  O  302,  P  38. 
Desliayesii,  O  284,0  303,  S  160. 


ijesnayesii,  yj  ^04,  v^  j"-'j; 

dichotoma,  0  224,  P  534, 

Diegoana,  75. 

divaricata,  P  99. 

Dombeyi,    202,   272,  O    186,   0 

245,  0  279,  0  302,  P  33. 
donaciformis,  P  34. 
donacilla,  O  245,  0   302,  0  366, 

P34,  P53I- 
donacina,  O  366,  P  34. 
eburnea,  29,  0  245,  O  302. 
edentula,  86,  0   175,  O   195,  O 

219,  0  223,  0  301,  V  213. 
elougata,  O  186,  O  279,  O  302. 
euiacerata,  165,  0  367. 
ervilia,  O  224,  P  534. 
fabagella,  73. 


Tellina 

Fabricii,  O  221. 

fau.sta,  O  284,  O  303. 

felix,    23,    38,    73,    202,  203,  0 

1S6,   0  228,  O  245,  0  279,  0 

302,  P  34.  . 

frigida,  O  221. 
fuuata.  0  227,  U  200. 
fusca,  20,  0  221. 
gemma,  75,  O  227,  O  232,  0  302, 

O  352,  U  2CX>. 
Gioenlaiidica,  0  175. 
gubernaeulum,  0  186,  0  302. 
Guilfordise,  9,  0  221. 
Haiileyi,  105. 
Liberna,  0  186,  O  303. 
iusequalis,  230. 
incouspicua,  62,  O   175,  O  221, 

0  347- 
inquiuata,  0  192,  O  302. 
insculpta,  0  186,  0  302 
Japonica,  14. 
laceridens,   202,  0    1 86,   0  279, 

O  302. 
lamellata,  0  245,  0  302,  P  37. 
lamiiiata,  39. 

lata,  0  219,0  221,0  223,0  301. 
lenticnla,  0  224,  P  41,  P  534. 
ligamentina,  14,  O  195,  V  213. 
lingua-felis,  P  20. 
liutea,  0  193. 
lubrica,  73. 
lutea,  9,  0   219,  O   221,  0  223, 

O301. 
Mazatlanica,  40,  O  302,  P  ^t,. 
miniata,  0  226,  P  31,  P  548,  U 

199. 
muricata,  9,  P  98. 


nasuta,  86,  302,  0  192,  0  211, 
O  219,  O  221,  0  223,  0  232j 
0  234,  0  283  O  296,  0  347, 
O351.  0  367,  V  213. 

ochracea,  104,  210. 

opercularis,  47,   IS4' 

operculata,  8,  47,  O  245,  0  363, 
P32. 


lOS 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Tellina 

Pauamensis,  0  295,  O  303. 
Pedroana,  75. 
perna,  O  366. 
petalum,  O  170,  0  302. 
pisiforinis,  60,  0  224,  P  102. 
plebeia,  O  186,  O  302. 
priucep3,  154,  O  186,  O  282,  0 

302.       ^ 
piora,  202,  0  279.  O  303. 
proxima,  O  178,  O  221. 
puella,   23,  38,  202,   O   245,  0 

279,  O  302,  P  37. 
puuicea,  8,   23,   154,  O   245,  O 

279,  0  302,  O  363,  P  35. 
pura,  21,  29,  40,  O  227,  0  232, 

O302,  0  351,  U  199. 
purpurea,  29,  P  3;^. 
regia,  O  186,  0  232,  O  302. 
regularis,  O  245,  O  302,  P  36. 
rhodora,  O  284,  O  303. 
rosea,  35. 
rubella,  23. 
rubescens,   105,  202,    O    186,  O 

282,  O  302,  P  32. 
rufescens,  47,  O  208,  0   246,  O 

296,  O  302,  0  363,  O  366,  P  32. 
nigosa,  9. 

siliqua,  202,  0  279,  O  303. 
siiuilis,  O  364. 
solidula,    20,  0   170,  0  219,  0 

221,  O  223,  O  301. 
sordida,  O  221. 
straminea,  0  245,  O  287,  0  302, 

P34. 

striata,  155,  P35. 

suborbicularis,  P  105, 

tersa,    20,    272,    O    226,  0  228, 

0  303,  U  199. 
triangalaris,  221. 
vicina,    12,   38,    78,   126,203,  0 

232,  O  279,  O  284,  0  302,  0 

351,  O  363,  U  201. 
Virgo,  O  189,  0  302. 
Tellimya  -*.— . 

bidentalis,  303. 


Tellimya 

lactea,  P  105. 

suborbicularis,  P  105. 

tenuis,  P  105. 

tuuiida,  88,  97,  129. 
Tellinides 

purpureus,  0  175,  P  32. 
Terebra 

aciculata,  0  185,  0  285,  P  388, 
P3S9. 

Africaua,  51,  61,  0  285,  0  288, 

P384. 
albocincta,   51,  0    226,  0   25S, 

P  vi.,  P  384,  P  3S6. 
arguta,    O    228,    0    233,  0  258, 

P  388,  U  206. 
armillata,   51,  0   206,  O  239,  0 

258,  0  366,  P  384,  P  545- 
aspera,  51,  O  1S5. 
Belcheri,  O  296. 
castaiiea,  51. 
cinerea,  51,  0  364. 
dislocata,  51. 
elata,  177,  0  185,  0  267. 
elongata,  51. 

flammea,  41,  51,  6i,  O  207. 
formosa,  41. 
frigata,  O  189. 
fulgnr        O  225,  0  22S,  0  233, 

O  2j  352,  P  535,  P  537, 

P5S2. 
Hindsii,  51,  O  258. 
Hupei,  51. 
incomparabilis,  41. 
insignis,  41. 
interstincta,  0  366. 
intertincta,  51,  P  384. 
Jamaicensis,  51. 
larvaeformis,  41,  177,  0  267, 
laurina,  51. 

lingualis,  109,  0  206,  0  330. 
Loroisi,  51. 
luctuosa,  51,  63,  O  206,  0  239, 

0  364,  P  387,  P  545. 
marginata,  51. 
ornata,  O  185,0207,0330  '^  360. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


109 


Terebra 

retiveriaua,  41,  51. 

robuata,  24,   U   206,    0   230,  0 

267,  0  282,  O  330,  O  350, 
rudis,  51. 

rufociuerea,  51,  0  258. 
Salleaua,  41. 
specillata,  41,  ioi,0  206,  0  267, 

O  26S,  0  330. 
Strigata,  10,  46,  51,  155,  0  174, 

O  207. 
strigosa,  61. 
stylata,  51. 
subuodosa,  51,  0  258. 
textilis,  O  206. 
tuberculosa,    154,    177,   0   206, 

O  268. 
uva,  0  330. 

varicosa,  177,  O  206,  0  268. 
variegata,  51,  61,  0  235,  O  239, 

O  2S5,  0  288,  0  352,  P  3S4, 

P  463.  P  545. 

zebra,  10,  41,  51,  0  207. 
Terebratella 

augustata,  250. 

caput-serpeiitis,  93,  122. 

caurina,  18,  97,  122. 

Coreauica,  122,  169. 

dorsata,  122. 

frontalis,  122. 

globosa,  122. 

miniata,  20,  72,  122. 

vitrca,  122. 
Terebratula 

aiigusta,  54. 

Belcheri,  54. 

Californica,  54,  60,  72,  0  289. 

caput-serpeiitis,  54)  249,  250. 

caurina,  18,  54,  0  210,  0  298, 
O  348. 

dilatata,  54. 

frontalis,  20,    O   2i8,  0   221,  0 
223.  ••    -■ 

Gaudichaudi,  54. 

globosa,  54,  72.  - -_ 

Grayi,  70,  72. 


Terebratula 

Japuuiua,  54. 

uiteus,  166,  0  367. 

pbysema,  54. 

psittacea,  0  218,  0  223. 

pulviuata,  18,  72,  O  210,  0  213, 
0  298,  0  348. 

radiata,  54. 

transversa,  72. 

unguiculus,   93,   97,    122,    249, 
250. 

uva,  54,  O  265. 

vitrea,  54,  72. 
Terebratulina 

Japouica,  54. 

radiata,  54. 
Teredo 

fiuibriata,  91. 

substriata,  0  367. 
ThaumastuB 

Californicus,  158. 
Theliostyla 

Berubardi,  P  257. 
Theora 

lubrica,  73. 
Thracia 

alta,  O  280. 

curta,  26,  88,  124,  0  194,  0  300, 
0  349,  V  210. 

granulosa,  0  231. 

mactropsis,  79. 

phaseolina,  202. 

plicata,  27,  50,  0  231,  O  297. 
O352. 

squamosa,  105,  O  287,  0  300,  0 
366,  Q  229. 

trapezoides,  165,  0  367. 

villosiuscula,  0  366. 
Thylacodes 

contortus,  43,  44. 

contortnla,  43,  44. 

cruciformis,  43. 

electrina,  43. 

rar.  indentata,  43.       ^''''\ 

favosa,  43.  =;::;;  ;i. 

oryzata,  44.  .-.t-. 


no 


I.NUKX   OF   SPECIES. 


Tbylacodes 

repf  lis,  4j. 

Rusei,  43. 

squaiuigura,  43. 
Tiara 

foraminata,  O    185,   0    261,    P 
460. 

niuricata,  0  185. 
Tivela 

arguta,  60. 
Tonlcia 

Brandti,  0  317. 

crtintilata,  O  317. 

Eschsulioltzii,  O  317. 

Forbesii,  0  252,  0  317,  P  193. 

insigni:*,  O  317. 

lineata,  134,  170,  0  317. 

var.  134. 

liueolata,  134,  170. 

Merckii,  0317. 

Sitcbeusis,  0  317. 
Torinla 

areola,  0  192,  P  407. 

bicanaliculata,  0  ^^^. 

grauosa,  0  259,  0  333,  P  40S. 

rotundata,  36. 

variegata,  24,  32,  63,  69,  O  192, 
O  238,  0  259,  O  ?74,  O  297, 
O  33,3,  0  363,  P  407. 
Tornatella 

punctopaelata,  132,  307. 
Tornatellina 

Cuniiiigiana,  0  1S6,  0  315. 
Tornatina 

carinata,  37,  97,  133,  194,  O  250, 

0313,?  171. 
cerealis,  23,  133,  0  227,  0  313, 

O349,  P  171,  U  203. 
cnlcitella,  23, 133,  0  313,  O  349, 

U  203. 
eximia,  89,  90,  133,  166. 
inculta,  79,  0  227,  0  313,  O  351, 

U  203. 
infreqaens,   154,   194,  O    250,  0 

275,0313,0366,?  171. 
gracilis,  P  171. 


Tracbydermon 

deiitieud,  135. 
tlecteiis,  135. 
Gothieus,  98,   135. 
Hartwegii,  135. 
inteiistiiicturi,  135. 
Nuttallii,  113,  135. 
pseudodeutieua,  98,  135. 
reteporosu^i,  135. 
tiifidus,  135. 
Trapezium 

CaliforniLum,    102,    u    306,    0 

349- 
Treaus 

capax,  76. 

ni:ixiuius,  II,  123,  0  192. 
Tribulus 

Caroleiisis,  P  4S0. 
Trichotropis 

Atlanlica,  0  217. 

bicarinata,  4S,  61,  70,  71,  0  176, 

O  220,  0  223,  O  328. 
borealis,  20,  146,  176,  0  211,  0 

217,  O  223,  0  328,  0  347,  0 

348. 
cancellata,  20,   114,  147,0  206, 

O  210,  0  211,  0  213,  0  217,  0 

328. 
ciliata,  72. 
coronata,  70,  72. 
co^tellata,  O  217. 
Gouldii,  40,  O  2S8. 
inermis,  114,  146,  0  207,  0  217, 

O328. 
insignis,  70,  71,  0  217,  0  223, 

O328. 
multicaudata,  70. 
Sowerbiensis,  61,  0  220. 
umbilicata,  0  217. 
Trigona 

sequilatera,  P  549- 

argentina,  27,  O  202,  0  234,  O 

246,  O  305,  P  58. 
bicolor,  O  366,  P  59. 
Byronensis,  O  246,  P  54. 
oorbicula,  O  232,  0  234. 


INDEX   OF    M'ECIES. 


Ill 


Trigona 

crasdatelloideg,  lo,  22,  0  196, 
O  229,  0  :!32,  0  234,  O  246, 
O  305,  t  19,  0  35',  P  58, 
V  216. 

Dillwyni,  P  55. 

gracilior,  P  55. 

Hiiuisii,  23,   154,   15s.  O  241,  P 

55. 

,  var.  0  229,  0  366. 

humilis,  O  246,  0  305,  P  57. 

iutenueiiia,  P  55. 

mactroides,  60,  0    192,  0    229, 

O  364,  P  55- 
nitidiila,  106. 
plauulata,  23,  27,  O  229,  O  234, 

0  246,  O  305,  O  366,  P  59. 
radiata,  27,   106,   201,  O    192, 

O  229,  0    232,  0  234,  0  241, 

O   246,  O   305,  O   364,  P   54, 

P  55,  P  56,  P  58,  P  59. 
semifulva,  P  56. 
stultorum,  10,  12. 
taiitilla,  0  229,  0  305,  U  201. 
tripla,  0  366,  P  55. 
undulata,  P  59. 
veiitriuosa,  P  55. 
Trigonella 

crassatelloidea,  0    196,   0   207, 
O  296,  O  353,  0  V  216. 
Triodopsia 

loricata,  157. 
MuUaui,  157. 
omphalia 
pulcherrima,  121. 
Triforia     ) 
Triphoria  ' 

ad  versa,  99,  114,  146,  169. 
alternata,   36,    no,    155,    186, 

0  256,  0  272,  O  325,  P  341. 
incoDspicua,   32,    186,    0    256, 

O  272,  O  325,  P  341,  P  342. 
infrequens,    32,    186,  O   256,   O 
272,  0  325,  P  342. 
Triopa 

Catalinse,  95. 


Triton 

aiiomalus,  0  205,  0  337. 
caueellatus,  83,  O  218. 
Cheuinitzii,   182,  0  188,  O  235, 

O  238,  O  261,  O  2O5,  O  270, 

P  455,  V  209. 
ciliatu:^,  0  218. 
cingulatus,  182. 
claiuleritiuus,  O    292,  0    338,  0 

360. 
constrictus,  1S2,  0  231,  O  270, 

0  337- 
crebristiiatus,    0    2S4,   0    337, 

S  165. 
decnssatus,  O  270. 
elegans,  61. 

eximius,  0  284,  O  337.  • 
fusoides,  1S2,  O  270,  O  337. 
gibbosus,  0  1S2,  0  270,  O  337. 
liguarius,  24,  0    1S2,  O    205,  O 

271,0337. 
liueatus,  O  1S2,  0  188,  O  360. 
nodosus,  O  261,  P  455. 
Oregonensis,  83,  119,  0  210. 
pagodus,    17S,   0    1S6,   0    26S, 

O  292,  P  497,  P  552. 
parvus,  O  284. 
perforatus,  O  261,  0  265,  P  455, 

V  209. 
pilearis,  24,  0  364. 
pictus,   0    185,    0   292,  0   337, 

O  360,  S  166. 
reticulatus,    0    183,   O    188,    0 

337,  0  360. 
scaber,  10,  0  179,  0  347- 
scalariformis,  0  182,  O  337. 
sipboiiatus,  O  235. 
Sowerbyi,  O  1S8,  O  337,  0  360. 
tigrinus,  18,  24,  O   182,0  211, 

0212,0337. 
turriiulatus,  0  188,  O  360. 
vestitus,  110,0   205,  O   270,  O 

337,  0  364. 
. ,  var.  senior,  0  270. 

Trltonia 

arborescens,  0  218.        —  «    .■- 


112 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Tritonia 

I'iiliuuri,  94. 
'  Reyuol.isii,  0  218. 

Tritonidea 

geiiimata,  P  516, 
pagclus,  O  231,  O  235. 
riiigeiis,  P  518. 
Baiiguiuoleuta,  P  517. 
Tritonium 

augulosaiu,  60. 

antiquum,  19,  69,  0  217,  O  220, 

O  223. 
Baerii,  19,  0  217,  0  223. 
BehringiauuiD,  0  220. 
Beliringii,  19,  O  217,  O  223. 
canci'Uatuui,  20,  O  218,  O  223. 
caAuatuni,  60, 
cassidariseforme,  70, 
Chetnuitzii,  O  177. 
clathratuni,  20,  O  217,  O  223. 
coiuinune,  O  220. 
coiitrarium,    0    217,    0    220,   O 

223. 
decemcostatum,  20,  83,  0  217, 

O  223. 
decussatum,  O  171. 
deforme,  O  217. 
fornicatum,  O  220. 
gracile,  0  217. 
hsmastoma,  0  171. 
Islaudicum,  O  217. 
intertextum,  O  188. 
lignarium.  0  238,  P  544. 
luridum,  19,  0  217,  0  223. 
macrodon,  O  171. 
MediterraneuiUjO  188. 
Miircbianum,  60. 
nodosum,  O  23S,  P  544. 
Norvegicura,  0   217,  O   220,    0 

223. 
Ochoteuse,  19,  0  218,  0  221,  O 

223. 
ooides.  19,  O  218,  0  223. 
Oregoneiise,  69. 
ovoides,  O  221. 
ovum,  0  223. 


Tritonium 

reticulatnm,  O  188. 

Rombergi,  60. 

rutilum,  60. 

Babinii,  0  217, 

scabrum,  20,  0  218,  O  224. 

acalariforme,  O  238,  P  544. 

Schantaricum,    O   217,    O   220, 

O  221,  0  223. 
simplex,  19,  O    218,  O   221,  O 

223. 
Sitchense,  18,  19,  0  217,  O  223. 
teuebroium,    O    217,  O    218,  O 

221,  U  223, 

nndatum,  19,  O  217,  O   221,  0 

223. 
verrucosum,  O  263,  P  517. 
Triumphis 

di^itorta,  0  28S, 
Trivia 

Californica,    23,   27,    143,     151, 

O  328,  0  349. 
far.  fusca,  O  25S,  0  32S,  O  360, 

P  378,  P  545. 
Maugeiise,  O  328,  0  360. 
Paciflca,    24,    27,    loi,    109,    O 

328,  0  360. 
pediculus,  O  364. 
pnlla,  24,  O  258,  0  328,  0  360, 

P379- 
pustulata,   24,   27,    109,  0    258, 

0  282,  0  328,  P  375,  P  545. 
radians,  27,  109,  O  25S,  0  282, 

0  328,  P  376,  P  377. 
rubescens,  O  328,  0  360,  P  378. 
saiiguinea,  27,  loi,  109,  0  258, 

O  328,  P  379,  P  545- 
Solandri,  27,  99,  109,  143,  151, 
O  192,  O  258,  0  328,  P  376, 

P377. 
subrostrata,   O   258,  O   328,   O 

364,  P  379,  P  545- 
Buffusa,  0    192,  0   328,  0  360, 

O  364,  P  379- 
Trochatella 

conica,  O  239,  P  545. 


INDEX   or    SPECIES. 


113 


Trochatella 

Laiuarckii,  0  239,  P  266,  P  545. 
niaujillaris,  O  lyo. 
trochiforulia,  O  190,  P  265. 
TrochiscuB 

couvexus,  23,  138,  2S2. 
Norrisii,    2^,    27,    138,    151,   0 

177,  O   200,  0  235,  O  321,  0 

349,  V  224. 
Trochita 

aspera,  52. 

comigata,  52. 

coatellata,  82. 

Diegoana,  76. 

radians,  28,  0  179,  P  264,  P  265. 

Bolida,  52. 

spirata,  28,  52,  0  240,  O  323, 

P26S. 

,  far.  28. 

Bubreflexa,  52. 

ventricosa,  76,  0   254,  0  323, 

P  264. 
Trochna 

augulatus,  P  352. 

annulatus,  3,  4,  5. 

amictus,  O  203,  O  253,  P  229. 

Antonii,  P  233. 

———  var.  O  230, 

ater,  19,  0  216,  0  224,  0  230, 

O  235. 
anreotinctus,  0  233,  0  240,  V 

224. 
auripigmentum,  54. 
balaenarum,  10,  O  204,  P  230. 
Belcheri,  O  296. 
Brazilianus,  O  253,  P  234. 
brevispinosus,  0  204,  0  253,  P 

227. 
brunneus,  0  233. 
Buschii,  O  229,  P  227. 
Bjronianus,  0    179,  0  229,  0 

253,  P  234. 
cselatus,  4,  5. 
Californianus,  O  199. 
Californicus,  35,  0  233. 
callichrons,  0  296, 
8 


TrochuB 

callicoccus,  0  296. 
caljrptraeformis,  P  552. 
caualiculatus,  3,  4,  5. 
castaneus,  O  200,  0  240,  0  286, 

V  224. 

cateniferua,  O200, 0  233,  0  240, 

V  224. 

catenulatns,  191,  O  238,  0  274, 

P  352,  P  542. 
conulus,  O  163. 
coronulatus,  i^i,  0  274. 
costatus,  3,  84. 
decarinatus,  6. 
diadematus,  14. 
digitatus,  53. 

disculus,  0  225,  O  274,  P  535, 
doliarius,  4,  5,  8,  O  200,  0  230, 

O  233,  0  234,  V  224. 
dorsuosus,  O  274. 
erytbropbthalmus,     0    253,    0 

296,  P  227. 
eurjomphalus,  19,  0  216,  0  224. 
eximius,  O  253,  P  232, 
filosus,   19,  84,  0   179,  0  200, 

O  209,  0  230,  O  234,  0  349, 

O351,  V  224. 
Fokkesii,  19,  0  224,  P  223. 
gallinus,  0  200,  0  230,  0  235, 

O  240,  V  224. 
gibberosus,  53. 
gigas,  S3. 
glomus,  0  238,  0  253,  P  236, 

P542. 
Hillii,  0  240. 
iusequalis,  3,  4. 
inermis,  0  229,  0  293,  0  296. 
in-fauce-nigerrimns,  28. 
Japonicus,  53. 
Leanus,  36,  191,0  274. 
ligatus,  84,  0  2CX),  O  209, 0  230, 

O  286,  V  224. 
ligulatus,  0  238,  P  235,  P  542. 
lima,  14,  36,  191,  272,  O  274, 
lividus,  36,  192,  O274. 
laridus,  0  200,  V  224. 


114 


INDEX    OF    SIECIES. 


Trochus 

MaoAudreje,  O   253,  0    284,  P 

232. 
magus,  P  235. 
iiiarcidus,  21,  O  227,  U  204. 
melanostoiDa,  28. 
Melchersi,  O  238,  0  253,  P  227, 

P541. 
metaformis,  0  296. 
iiiimitus,  O  238,  O  253,  P  233, 

P  541. 
modestus,  18,  19,  84,  0  223. 
moeitus,  19,  79,  O  212,  O  216, 

O  224,  O  230,  0  234,  O  265, 

O  284,  O  352. 
Montereyi,  O    227,    0    233,    U 

204. 
neritoides,  0  296. 
Norrisii,  0  230. 
Novae-Zelandiae,  4. 
nucleus,  0  296. 
olivaceus,  29,  O   179,  O   233,  O 

23S,  O   253,  O  296,  P  227,  P 

541. 
pallidus,  O  2CX),  V  224. 
Paiiameusis,  192,  0  229,  O  274, 

O295. 
pellis-serpentis,    10,  60,   192,  O 

179,  0  274. 
pellucidus,  14. 
perlatus,  P  352. 
perspectiviuucalus,    0    238,    P 

407. 
Pfeifffri,  0  233,  U  204. 
pica,  U  204. 
picoides,  O   228,  0  229,  O  362, 

U  204. 
pulligo,  4. 
pupillus,  18. 
purpuratus,  O  240. 
pyriformis,    O    228,  O    233,  U 

204. 
radiatns,  61. 
reticulatus,  36,   192,  0  229,  O 

253,  0  270,  P  234. 
rabiginosus,  14. 


Trochus 

SJL-liaiitaricUB,  S4,  O  216,  O  220, 

O  223. 
solaria,  61. 
sU'Uaris,  O  238,  O   253,  P  230, 

PS4i. 

Btriatulus,  O  233. 

stiigilatus,  10,  60,  O  274. 

Buavia,  O  296. 

undatu:),  10 

undo;^us,  10,  S3,  O  179,  P  230, 

V  224. 
unguis,  53,0  179,  P  229. 
uuidetis,  P  352. 
variegatus,  0  238,  P  407. 
versicolor,  0  238,  O  253,  0  2S6, 

P  231,  P  541. 

virgiiieus,  4,  5,  O   200,  0   213, 

0  233,  O  234,  0  286,  V  224. 
viridulus,  O  274,  O  283. 
vittaturf,  119. 
Trophon 

Eamffii,  O  217. 
Barvicensis,  324. 
caualiculatus,  O  217. 
caiicellinus,  O  343. 
clathratus,    20,    71,    0    173,    0 

217,  0223,0343- 
corrugatus,  0  343,  0  348. 
crassilabrum,  O  226. 
crassus,  73. 
Fabricii,  17. 
fimbriatuUis,  25,  324. 
Gunner! ,  149,  O  217. 
Hindsii,  O  205,  O  343. 
incoinptus,  73. 
labiosus,  0  296. 
lamellosus,  0  347. 
Magellanit'us,  93,  170. 
multicostatus,  6,  49,   89,    149, 

169,  170. 
muricatus,  0  205. 
muriciformis,  O  293. 
Orpheus,    17,   92,   149,  322,    0 

343,  O  348. 
tenuisculptus,  25,  322,  324. 


INDEX  OF    SPECIES. 


116 


Trophon 

triaiiguliitns,  99,  149. 
Truncaria 

corrugata,  25,  148. 

eurytoides,  104,  220, 

uiotlesta,  25,  iSo,  O  231,  O  270, 

O  342. 
Truncataila 

as.iimiuea,  O  275. 

Bairdiaua,   154,  194,  0  275,  0 

326. 
Californica,  60,  100,  143,  156. 
dubiosa,  37,  194,  0  275,  0  326. 
gracilenta,  156. 
Montagui,  P  363,  P  364. 
Turbinella 

acuniiuata,  48,  0  271,  O  292. 
ardeola,  0   171,  0  261,  0  33S, 

P456. 
armata,  0  182. 
caestus,  27,   1S3,  0  171,0  238, 

O  261,0  271,0  338,  P  456, 

P  458,  P  544. 
callosa,  0  269. 
castanea,  183,  0  177,  0  271,  0 

292. 
cerata,  61,    183,  O   177,  0  271, 

O  292,  0  294,  P  457. 
cingulata,  0  294,  P  457. 
muricata,  P  456. 
iiodata,  O  1 88. 
rigida,  10,  0  177. 
rudi.«,  183,  0  271. 
spadicea,  183,  0  271. 
tectum,  O  292. 
tubercularis,  61,  O  294. 
tuberculata,  0  182. 
varicosa,  10,  0  188. 
Turbo 

bicarinatus,  61,  0  174. 

Buschii,  36,  192,  0  274. 

carnews,  0  216. 

cinereus,  0  216.   --' 

coccinens,  3. 

digitatus,  0  203,  0  253,  P  229. 

eximius,  31. 


Turbo 

lluctnatU3,  0  192,  0  253,  P  223. 

,  vur.  O  293,  Q  234. 

,  rar.  dfpressus,  Q  234. 

fluctuosus,  O  179,  t>  233i  <^  -36, 

o  237,  p  223,  V  536,  P  541. 

Fokkfsii,  19,  ('O,  0  216,  0  233, 
0253,0351,  P223. 

funiculosiis,  0    288,  0    293,   P 
223. 

margarita,  0  216. 

marginatus,  49,  O  200,  0  291. 

nioDstus,  49. 

luuriaticus,  O  220. 

pj'Uis-'serpenlis,  0  170. 

petbolatu:*,  63. 

phasianella,   31,    36,    63,    192, 
214,0274. 

pulcher,  48. 

pustulatus,  0  230. 

rotelliformis,  O  2cx). 

rutilus,  37,  192,  O  274,  0  320. 

sanguineus,  3. 

sasosus,  10,  192,  0  179,  0  1S6, 
O  230,  0  274. 

sqnamiger,  0  187,0  230,  O  360. 

vur.  stiinlatu-i,  36. 

tess«llatus,  O  230,  0  291. 

wlvje,  0  220,  P  361. 

unguis,  P  229. 

variegatus,  36, 

ventrosus,  0  220. 
Turbo  nilla 

asp«ra,  118,  323. 
Turris 

fuiiicnlata,  P  390. 
Turritella 

altilira,  So. 

Baiiksii,   36,    154,    1S6,   0    256, 
O  272,  0  291,  O  325,  P  330. 

biseriata,  77. 

Broderipiana,  O    190,  O  256,  P 

330- 
Californica,  P  330. 

Cooperi,  98,  141. 

Cumingii,  0  256,  O  291,  P  332. 


116 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Turritella 

Cuiuiugii,  var.  loS. 

erosa,  71. 
1  Eschrkhtii,    17,   19,   84,  310,  0 

223,  O  325. 

fascialis,  O  187,  0  325. 

Gatunensis,  80. 

goniostoma,  24,  27,  36,  153,  186, 
0  170,  0  190,  0  192,  0  230, 
0   237,  O   256,  0  291,  0  325, 

O  364,  P  330,  P  359,  P  540. 

var.  O  291. 

Hookeri,  O  256,  P  330,  P  540. 
imbricata,  0  235,  O  256,  0  364, 

P  332,  P  536. 
Inezana,  82. 
Jewettii,  25,  141,  323. 
laevis,  O  325. 
lentiginosa,  0    256,  0    291,  O 

325,  P  330. 
lineata,  75. 
leucostoma,    153,  154,  0   170,  0 

256,  P  332. 
meta,  0  364,  P  330. 
nodiilosa,  O  187,  O  325. 
obruta,  75. 
papillosa,  O  187. 
punctata,  152. 
rubescens,  O  1S7. 
sanguinea,  108,  141,323,0  178, 

O  291,  0  297. 
tigrina,  27,   108,   153,  0   235,  O 

237,  <^   256,  0  272,  0  293,  0 

364,  P  332,  P  540. 

rar.  0  291. 

Uvasana,  75. 
variata,  82. 
Turtonia 

niiuuta,  71, 
Tyleria 

fragilis,  O   245,  0   300,  P  25,  P 

531,  P  547- 
Tympanotonus 

Gallapagiuis,  P  338. 
Typhis 

fimbriatus,  0  287,  0  345. 


Typhis 

grandis,  0  2S7,  0  297,  0  345. 
quadratus,  O  205,  O  345. 

Umbrella 

ovalis,    52,    0    284,    0    313,   S 

i6i. 
Ungulina 

luticola,  15. 
Unio 

Aztecorum,  O  205, 

batavus,  O  222. 

cyrenoides,  O  295,  0  309. 

Dahuricus,  O  222. 

faiuelicus,    163,  0  210,   0  213, 

O  309. 
Liebmanni,  0  295. 
lateolus,  116. 
niargaritifera,  O  222. 
Mexlcanus,  O  295. 
Mongolicua,  O  222. 
nuculinus,  0  295,  0  309. 
Oregoneiisis,  164. 
pictoium,  O  222. 
Uvanilla 

BusL-hii,  36,  0  320. 

iuermis,   24,  36,  192,  0  233,  0 

274,  0  320,  P  229. 
olivacea,  27,  36,  108,  192,  0  204, 

O  23s,  O  253,  0  282,  O  320, 

P  227,  P  229,  P  231,  P  530. 
unguis,  108,  256,  0  203,  0  253, 

O  282,  O  320,  P  229,  P  309. 
variegatus,  O  253. 
Uzita 

nodnlifera,  P  496. 
versicolor,  P  499. 

Valvata 

obtusa,  215. 
pisciualis,  0  222. 
sincera,  162. 
tricarinata,  163. 
virens,  162. 
Vanicoro  (see  Narica) 

cryptophila,  O  254,  P  262, 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


lit 


Vasum 

caestus,  P  456- 
Velutina 

coriacea,  O  216,  0  223,  0  337. 
cryptospira,  20,  O  216,  O  220. 
haliotoidea,  7".  0     16,  0  223. 
Kaintschatkana,  147. 
laevigata,    14,   89,    147,    '69,   0 

216. 
Miilleri,  14,  0  203,  0  216. 
prolongata,  114,  I47,  245- 
Sitcheasis,  O  286,  0  337. 
spongiosa,  O  223,  0  337. 
zonata,  71. 

Venericardia 

borealis,   17,  97,   12S,  165,    168, 

170. 
crassa,  106. 
crassicostata,  10. 
latico^Jtata,  23. 
radiata,  23. 

ventricosa,  25,  97,  118,  128. 
Venerupia 

Cordieri,  86,  0  196. 

tar.  V  214. 

cylindracea,  45. 
foliacea,  O  281. 
gigantea,   14,  20,  86,  0  196,  0 

203,  O  219,  0  223. 
•Nuttallii,  74- 
paupercula,  0  289. 
Petitii,  86,  O  203,  0  219,  O  223, 

0  232. 
Venua 

Adamsii,  57,  70. 

amathusia,    38,    201,  O    229,  0 

232,  O  234,  0  247,  O  278,  0 

282,  O  289,  O  306,  0  358,  P 

72,  V  217. 
ampliata,  18,  O  213,  0  305,  0 

348. 
angustifrons,  0  367. 

asperritna,  55,  56. 

astartoides,  7c,  88, 0  219, 0  221, 

0  223,  0  305. 


Venus 

biliiieata,  57. 
biradiata,  O  178. 
bisecta,  O  367. 
breviliiieata,  O  367. 
calcarea,  18,  0  210,  0  305,  0  348. 
Californiana,  12,  55,  56,  0  351. 
Californica,  O  232,  O  285. 
Californieusis,  I3,  40,  56,  0  191, 

0  232,  O  234,  O  2S5,  0  305, 

0  352,  V  216. 

car.  0  285. 

callosa,  56,  57,  0  232,  V  216. 
cancellata,  0  236,  0  364,  P  72, 

P  So,  P  539. 
cardioides,  55,  56,  57. 
casina,  55- 
cingulata,  55,  0  185. 
circinata,  O  363,  P  69. 
Coluuibiensis,  0  185,  0  232,  O 

247,  O  2S2,  0  306,  0  352,  P 

75- 
compta,  55,  56,  57,  0  232. 
Cortezi,  56. 
crassa,  55- 
crenata,  55- 
crenifera,  55,  0    185,  0  208,   O 

247,  O  306,  0  364,  p  74. 
crenulata,  55,  56. 
Cuvieri,  14- 
cycloidea,  39,  P  60. 
Cypria,  57. 
deuorata,  0  176, 
decussata,  var.  P  32. 
dione,  O  266. 
discors,  38,    55,   201,  0    185,   0 

229,  O  247,  0  278,  O  2S4,  P 

79. 
dispar,  102,  0  196,  O  283,  0  305, 

O351,  V  215. 

distaus,  O  247,  0  296,  0  306,  P 

.       74. 
elevata,  P  74- 
encausta,  0  289. 
entocapta,  0  247,  P  77- 


113 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Venus 

excavata,  56,  0  305,  0  351,  V 

216. 
exiiuia,  55. 
fluctilraga,  56,  57,  78,  0  232,  0 

O  284,0  351,  O  352.. 
fluctuosa,  70. 

fuscolineata,  30,  O  185,  0  306. 
gibbosula,  56,  57. 
guidia,  47,  57,  201,  0  161,  0  175, 

O  229,  O  232,  O  234,  O  241, 
•    0  247,  0  279,  0  306,  O  358, 

P71,  V215. 
gran  111  ata,  55. 

grata,  55,  0  229,  0  284,  P  77. 
Guiiieeiisis,  P  69. 
liistrioiiica,  86,  0  185,  P  76. 
interseeta,  56, 
Kellettii,  0  207,  0  306. 
Keniierlfji,  39,  55,  86,  88,  127. 
Lamarckii,  56. 
lamellifera,  86,  0   196,  0  232, 

367,  V  214. 
laticostata,  14. 

leiicodon,  40,  55,  0  285,  V  216. 
var.  lilacina,  56. 
Listeri,  var.  55. 
lupinaria,  P  67. 
maxima,  86. 
mereenaria,  18,  0  210. 
multifostata,  14,  55,  201,  0  1S5, 

0  27S. 
munduUis,  12,  56,  304. 
muscaria,  57. 
neglecta,  55,  56,   <;7,  0  161,  0 

170,  O  178,  0  191,  O  208,  O 

247,  O  306,  O  364,  P  77. 
Nuttallii,  12,  56,  57,  78,0  232, 

0284,0  305,0349,0351,0 

352,  V  216. 
oniatissima,  57,  0  185,  0  306. 
Pajaroana,  81. 
paphia,  57,  61. 
pectorina,  55. 
peotnnculoides,  14,  201,  0  203, 

O278. 


Venus 

perdix,  0  203. 

Pinacatensis,  55. 

plamilata,  O  191,  P  59. 

Portesiana,  55,  O  247,  P  74. 

pulicaria,  55,  56,  0  1S5,  0  305. 

punctata,  P  97. 

radiata,  6,  14,  P  74. 

reticulata,  O  232,  0  305,  0  352. 

rhysomia,  118. 

rigida,  12,  17,  18,  57,  70,  86,  0 

210,  0  2S4,  0  305. 
ruderata,  12,  17,  56,  304. 
simillinia,  55,  56,  0  232,  0  289, 

O  305,  V  216. 
SolangensiSjO  191,  0  246,  P  54. 
staminea,    "I  57,   86,   O    196,   O 
stramiuea,  /  232,  0  234,  O  284, 

0  352,  V  215. 


■  var.  O  232. 


Stimpsoni,  73. 

Stutehlmryi,  56. 

subimbricata,  57,  '•  185. 

subrostrata,  56. 

subrngosa,    47,    201,  0   178,    0 

27S. 
subsulcata,  O  278. 
succincta,   7,    12,  55,  56,  78,   0 

170,  P72,  P549. 
sugillata,  55,  201. 
sulcata,  O  221. 
tantilla,  0  227,  U  201. 
Thouarsii,  14,  O  27S. 
tigerina,  P  96. 
toreuma,  loi. 
tricolor,  55,  0  247,  P  77. 
tnmida,  304. 
undatella,  57,  0  247,  O  285,  0 

305,  P  75- 
Vermetus 

anellum,  43. 

centiquadrus,  43,  0  204,  P  302, 

P303. 
contortus,  43. 
cnrrodens,  43. 
eburneus,  24,  32,  37,  42,  194,  O 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


119 


Vermetus 

175,  0  185,  0  255,  0  324,  O 

367,  P  304. 
eflFusus,  42, 
glomeratus,  32,  37,  194,  0  235, 

O  237,  O  255,  0  275,  P  305, 

P  306,  P  536,  P  540. 
Hindsii,  42,  P  304. 
lumbricalis,  42,  P  301,  P  306. 
iiiacrophragnia,  43. 
niargaritaniiii,  O  204. 
niargaritifera,  43. 
Pauamensis,  37,  43,  I94,  0  237, 

O  255,  O  275,  P  306,  P  540. 
pellucidus,  0  175,0  255,  P  304. 
Perouii,  43,  0  204,  0  255,  0  324, 

P302. 
tulipa,  43. 
varians,  43,  W  315. 
Vermiculus 

ceutiquadrus,  42. 
eburneus,  42. 
efTusus,  42. 
iuuurvatus,  X  436. 
pellucidus,  42. 
Vertagns  (see  Rhinoclavis) 
fragiaria,  O  325. 
gemmatus,  0  170,  0  230,  0  256, 

0  325,  P  339- 
Verticordia 

iiovemcostata,  131,  168,  170. 

ornata,  98,  131,  170. 
Vexilla 

fus'    liueata,  102. 
Vitrina 

diaphana,  118. 

pellucida,  O  222. 

Pfeifferi,  118,  157. 
Vitrinella 

aunulata,  O  253,  P  245. 

bifilata,  0  253,  0  321,  P  241. 

bifrontia,  O   253,0   321,  P  242, 

P  245. 
carinulata,    191,  0   253,  0  321, 
P  246. 


Vitrinella 

ciucta,  0  253,  0   321,  P  245,  P 

246. 
clathrata,  0  357,  P  23S. 
conciima,  190,  O  273,  O  322. 
corouata,  O  253,  0  321,  P  244. 
decussata,  O  253,  0  321,  P  239, 

P  240. 
exigua,  190,  O  253,  0  273,  O  322. 
interrupta,  P  237. 
Janus,  190,  O  273,  0  322, 
lirulata,  0  253,  O  321,  P   241. 
luegastoma,  P  237. 
iniuuta,  36,  190,  0  273,  P  237. 
inodesta,  190,  O  273,  O  322. 
monile,  0  253,  0  321,  P  240. 
monilifera,  O  253,  O  321,  P  240, 

P  241. 
naticoides,  O  253,  0  321,  P  246. 
orbis,  0  253,  O  322,  P  247. 
ornata,  34,  25S. 
Pauamensis,   io8,  191,  O  253,  O 

273,  t)  322,  P  238,  P  239. 
parva,  191,  O  253,  0  273,  0  322, 

O  357,  P  23S. 
perparva,  191,  0  273,  0  322,  P 

243- 
i-ar.    nodosa,  0    253,    P 

243- 
planospirata,  0   253,  O  322,   P 

246. 
regularis,  36,  ^91,0  273,  O  222. 
seminuda,  191    O  274,  O  322. 
spiruloides,  T  169, 
subquadrata,  O   253,  0   321,   P 

241. 
tenuiscnlpla,  34,  258. 
tincta,  P  237. 
trioarinata,   191,  256,  0  274,  0 

322,  P  244. 
triponata,  P  244. 
valvatoides,   36,    191,  0   274,  0 

322,  P  237. 
Vitta 

picta,  O  4,  P  259. 


28 


120 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Vitularia 

as|)era,  90. 
Belclieri,  O  340. 
*      lactuca,  ()2. 

salebrosa,   13,  25,  34,   151,   15.-'. 
1S2,  0   177,  0  201^  0  235,  O 
262,  O   282,  0   340,  0  361,  O 
366,  1>  485. 
vitntina,  0  366. 
Volsella 

splendida,  41. 
VoRita 

Barnesii,  40. 

caerulea,  0  178,  0  268. 

coffea,  P  178. 

Cumingii,  0  181,  O  292,  0  339. 

dama,  0  177,  17S,  P  471. 

harpa,   to,  40,  0  17S,  0  188,  O 

231,  O  339. 
incrassata,  9,  0  261,   0  292,  P 

464. 
lens,  10,  O  1S5. 
nucleus,  10. 
nux,  lo. 

ocellata,  O  262,  P  487. 
plumbea,  7. 

tenebrosa,    10,  0  262,  0  26S,  P 
468. 
Volutella 

uiargaritula,  39,  no,  147,  316. 
pyriformis,  147,  316. 
Volutharpa 

ampullacea,  70. 
Volutilithes 

Californiana,  75. 
Sayana,  75. 
Volvarina 

fusca,  24,  154. 
serrata,  23,  24. 

Taria,   23,    24,    100,    iii,    112, 
147- 
Volvula 

cylhidriea,  23,  133,  2S1. 
Vulsella 

Kuttalli,  0  193. 


Vtraldbeimia 

Californica,    99,    122,    169,  250, 

O  298. 
Coreanica, )  20,    72,    113,     122, 
Koreaiiica,  )  169. 
dilatata,  54. 

globosa,  54,  99,  122,  250. 
Grayi,  70,  97,  122,  169. 
piilvinata,  18,  122,  166. 
trausversa,  72, 


Xylotrya 

fimbriata,  122,  168. 
palniiilata,  122. 
pennatilera,  113,  122,  168. 

Yoldia 

amygdala,  89,  131. 
arctica,  131. 
hyperborea,  71. 
lanceolata,  89,  131,  169. 
limatula,  71. 
myalis,  71. 
thraciaeformis,  70. 

Zaphon 

elegans,  17. 
Zebra 

Mulleri,  59. 
Zemira 

Kelletii,  40. 
Zierliana 

solitaria,  177. 
Zirphaea 

crispata,  88,  97,  123,  16S. 
Ziziphinua  {see  Calliostoma) 

annulatus,  5, 0  200, 0  2S6,  V  224. 

Antouii,  53,  272,  0  320, 

Californicus,  40,  53,  O  253,    O 
2S6,  P  231. 

canaliculatus,  5. 

exiinius,  53. 

filosus,  0  192,  0  2S6,  0  320. 

Leanus,  0  321. 

lima,  0  321. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


121 


Ziziphinus 

luridu?,  5J. 

M'Andreae,  O  2S4,  0  321. 
Pananiensis.  0  321. 
versicolor,  0  320. 


Zonites 

cultellata,  159. 
electrina,  92. 
excavata,  92. 


